2026-08-01T06:38:21Z https://gssrjournal.com/oai/?metadataPrefix=oai_dc&verb=ListRecords

oai:gssrjournal.com:390448 2016-06-30 gssr

Political Islam in Perspective Zahid Anwer Nelofar Ikram Political Islam Pakistan Muslim World Terrorism Dialogue Collaboration The paper critically evaluates the notion that political Islam is a threat to world peace. The argument is developed in the light of Islamic history and fundamentals of Islam and the research is based on primary and secondary sources. There was a time when magical influence of Muslims in every field of life (socio-economic, Political scientific) was conspicuous. For instance, Al Farabi's books influenced platonic theories. Similarly influence of Sufism on the works of William James, Goethe, August Comte, Nietzsche, Voltaire and Rousseau also cannot be over looked. Muslims taught geology, geography understanding of mathematics rules of philosophy and Industrial Arts and quality of products. Islamic state and society showed many signs of internal decay by 11th Century. The symptoms of decadence were discernible even earlier, the decline of the power and prestige of the caliphs even in their own capital. So, the problems lay with Muslim rulers and parties in rule but not with political Islam. The result was weak administration which shook the foundations of Islamic Empire. It is very important to have a state in order to preach Islam that is why, Mohammad (SWS) established Madina as a political entity to prevail justice on the lines of Quranic injunctions. Humanity Publications Professor (tenured), Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. PhD scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Political-Islam-in-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390449 2016-06-30 gssr

SAARC after Three Decades Manzoor Ahmed Naazer Sumbul Hussan SAARC South Asia Regional Cooperation IPA Performance The paper explores the progress of regional cooperation in various functional areas as identified by South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) since its inception in 1985. It also examines whether and to what extent SAARC has been successful in accomplishing the goals enshrined in its charter. SAARC was formed: to promote peace, amity, stability and progress in the region; to promote the welfare and quality of life of people; to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development, and; to attain collective and national self-reliance through joint efforts. SAARC made significant progress in several areas, such as: agriculture and rural development; environment; science and technology; human resource development including education, arts, culture and sports; transport; telecommunications, and information and communication technology; tourism, and energy. It has concluded several agreements and conventions besides setting up a few regional centres to realize its objectives. Generally, SAARC has not successful in implementing its programs and projects due to various reasons. It has been short of achieving several of its goals which makes its performance dismal. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Junior Research Fellow at HRC, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/SAARC-after-Three-Decades https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390450 2016-06-30 gssr

Role of Civil Society Organizations in FATA Education M Ikram Khan Bajauri Sadia Riaz Sabeeha Rasheed Civil Society Education Youth FATA Soon after 9/11, the advent of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in FATA remained focus of discussion among different scholars and stakeholders at different forums. CSOs are considered the messengers of peace and education. These organizations are getting funds from various sources, UN at their top, and invest in the targeted area(s) for the purpose of enhancing the education of a locality. The debate bifurcates CSOs between real objectives persuading and fabricated objectives persuading. Not only those CSOs who are purely working for education but all CSOs are part of this struggle directly or indirectly. This research is focusing on the programs of the CSOs running in FATA and their direct or indirect impact on the education system of the region. The Methodology used for this research is qualitative, comprising direct in-depth interviews and FGDs with students, local population and other stakeholders. Humanity Publications PhD scholar at Center for International Peace and Stability (CIPS), NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Political Science, IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government Girls Post Graduate College, Hari Pur, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Civil-Society-Organizations-in-FATA-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390451 2016-06-30 gssr

The Role of New Technology Intervention of Crop Maximization Project in Increase in Crop Production of Small Farmers of District Charsadda Muhammad Kaleem Bahadar Sher Khattak Syed Rashid Ali New Technology Intervention Crop Maximization Small Farmer Charsadda This research paper demonstrates the role of new technology intervention of crop maximization project in increasing crop production of small farmers of district Charsadda. The core objective of this study was to know the significance of new technology adoption at small scale agriculture and its effect on productivity enhancement of small farmers of district Charsadda. The research was conducted in two union councils i.e. Rajjar-II and Sarki Tetara of Tehsil and district Charsadda. For data collection Pre-tested interview schedule was used. The data were collected from 150 targeted small farmers which were purposively selected through random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that new technology intervention of the project converted the small scale subsistence agriculture in commercial one by increasing their crop production. The collected and analyzed data indicates that a major portion (83.3%) of the respondents increased their farm production through the new technology interventions while 16.3% of them got no benefits from the new technology intervention of the project. The findings of the study further demonstrate that there is significant association and direct relation between new technology intervention of the project and the increase in farm production of small farmers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Rural Development Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-role-of-new-technology-Intervention-of-Crop-Maximization https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390452 2016-06-30 gssr

Electoral Politics of Jamat-e-Islami Pakistan (1987-2009) Manzoor Khan Afridi Tabi Ullah Uzma Gul Jamat-e-Islami Muttahedda Majlis-e-Amal Islami Jamhoori Ittehad Jamat-e-Islami (JI) started as a social movement in 1941 and became an influential group to support Islamic constitution in Pakistan. Later, the leaders of this movement decided to take part in electoral politics. And in 1957, the movement evolved into a political Party. In 1964, JI was banned by the dictator Ayub Khan, because they did not support the regimes' unconstitutional martial law. After Ayub khan, the Bhutto suppressed all opposition parties including JI. In addition to this, General Zia shared power with JI for some time but quickly stripped it of all authority. It can be concluded that JI was never allowed freely participate in the political system of Pakistan. JI also suffered the schisms in the organizational structure because of its strict rules and regulations. However, Qazi Hussain Ahmad took certain measures to push JI in main stream of Pakistani politics. An attempt to find out how JI was operated in electoral politics from 1987 to 2009 has been made in this paper. It has used the Columbian school of thought as a model. This model rationalizes election on the sociological perspective, where voters are influenced by the left-right, ideological orientations, and by religion, sect, ethnicity, class, caste, rural and urban divisions. The data is collected by researching secondary sources that discussed and evaluated the electoral politics in Pakistan. A content analysis method is used to analyze the data leading to the stated findings about JI's electoral strategies. Humanity Publications Head of Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Electoral-Politics-of-Jamat-e-Islami-Pakistan-1987-2009 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390453 2016-06-30 gssr

The Purpose of the State: Ancient, Liberal, Marxist and Feminist Standpoints Waseem Khan Sana Hussan Bushra Qureshi State Plato Modern State Freedom Political Ideology Feminist Every political ideology has a distinct conception of various aspects of human life such as reason, purpose of life, free-will, liberty, freedom, autonomy, democracy, sovereignty and moral rights and obligations of the citizen. But the fundamental purpose of a political ideology is to define the purpose of the state and its role in providing a political system to its citizen in which individuals can live their social and political life according to the moral values and ethical principles of that political ideology. This paper only elucidates the purpose of the state according to ancient, Liberal, Marxist and Feminist standpoints. To understand the viewpoint of each political ideology, it is necessary to understand the political thought of its founders. It is pertinent to mention that all political thinkers have one ultimate aim in describing the purpose of the state which is the "ultimate good" of the citizen though they may differ with each other. The viewpoint of one ideology about the purpose of the state may be at odds with another ideology. For example, liberals demand freedom and equality while accepting the capitalist state but Marxist reject the capitalist state in totality, however they also demand freedom and equality of man. Hence, all these political ideologies of these great political thinkers have developed into political movements and later into the formation of political parties which resulted in the modern day civic political system. Humanity Publications Demonstrator (Research Associate), University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan. Research Coordinator at HDS, Mardan, Pakistan. Independent Researcher at NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Purpose-of-the-State-Ancient-Liberal-Marxist-and-Feminist-Standpoints https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390454 2016-06-30 gssr

The State of Human Rights in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan Sohail Ahmad Fasih Ahmed Muhammad Zubair Human Rights FATA IDPs FCR Pakistan The respect of human rights in a society determines the destination of that society or state. It is the level of satisfaction of citizens of a country which convinces them to work for the growth and progress of that state or society. The people of FATA are living under a draconian law which is known as Frontier Crime Regulations (FCR). There is agrave human rights violation of the people of FATA under this law. Freedom of speech, freedom of expression etc. are hampered by the FCR and the common people live under a threat of collective punishment as well. Moreover, due to military operations against the militants in the area, millions of people from FATA have been displaced. At times, there are grave violations of human rights of the displaced persons as well. This paper will explore the state of human rights in FATA in general and evaluates its impact on the Federation of Pakistan. The paper evaluates different instances of human rights violation in various agencies of FATA and their root causes as well. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Law, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan. 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-state-of-human-rights-in-federally-administered-tribal-areas-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390455 2016-12-30 gssr

Pakistan Internal Security Dilemma: Strategic Dimension Sohail Ahmed Mahwish Bakht Sumbal Hussan Terrorism Jihadists Sectarianism Ethnicity Militancy Political Parties Militant Wings Economic Instability Taliban Dictatorship Civilian Rule Democracy The paper reflects on Pakistan's complex security situation and the causes of current challenges that Pakistan is facing due to vacillating foreign policies. It also reviews the role of factors that contributed towards the instability of the country. After Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Pakistan involved in a proxy war and trained Mujahideen to liberate Afghanistan. In 1980's sectarianism floored the state, and since it has rooted in Pakistani society. The country brokered several Post-Soviet peace agreements between different militaristic groups in Afghanistan but in vain. Finally, it recognized Taliban for the cause of peace (though temporary) on its Western border. After 9/11 the country had to reluctantly take a "U" turn on its Afghan policy under immense US pressure. This swing of policy opened a Pandora-box for the country i.e. terrorism, Jihadist, ethnicity, sectarianism, economic and political instability in Pakistan. In this state of affairs corruption, deteriorating law and order situation, political instability and economic fragility, variables of internal security, act as key factors in a peaceful solution of conflicts. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, MSIR, COMSATS, Islamabad, Pakistan. Junior Research Fellow at HRC, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Pakistan-Internal-Security-Dilemma-Strategic-Dimension https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390456 2016-12-30 gssr

Geo-Strategic Significance of Kandahar for Mughal Empire Zahid Anwar Sumaira Sadia Riaz Kandahar Trade Geopolitics Mughal Safavid Afghanistan Kandahar is one of the most significant and important region of Afghanistan. It had been ruled by the great dynasties like Greece, Muryans, Kushans, Hindu Shahis, Mongols and the Mughals etc. Because of its significant location, Kandahar remained the bone of contention between different Empires and dynasties. When the Mughal occupied India, it became necessary for them to make a strong hold on Kandahar because of its strategic location that connects Persia with India. Kandahar was a gateway to India from Persia and for the safety of India and Kabul the Mughals were struggling to have strong control over the area. It connects South Asian subcontinent with Central Asia, Middle East and the Persian Gulf. On the other side Persia considered Kandahar as her integral part particularly from the reign of Shah Tahmasp and always remained busy in taking its control from the Mughals. It was necessary for them to take control of Kandahar for accomplishing the Safavid expansion policy. Thus, Kandahar remained a sandwich between two great Empires. Humanity Publications Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. Ph. D Scholar, Area Study Centre, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Political Science, IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Geo-Strategic-Significance-of-Kandahar-for-Mughal-Empire https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390457 2016-12-30 gssr

Indo-US Strategic Partnership and its Security Implications for Asia Pacific Region Sardar Niaz Ali Manzoor Khan Afridi Manzoor Ahmad Naazer India US Pakistan Strategic Partnership Implications security Asia Due to unprecedented rise of China in the economic, political and social domains world is shifting its strategic focus from the European Politics to both continental and maritime domains of Asia resulting in a challenge for the US and its allies. US, China and India are tied into strategic ingredients of cooperation, competition and containment. US intends to assign India an appropriate, competitive and probable offshore balancing role against China - that is, a strategy of balancing without containment. Engaging into an active conflict is not envisaged due to close integration of these powers in terms of economic, political, social and cultural domains. Indo US close strategic coordination is win-win situation for both the countries. India may become an offshore balancing power for US to retain its influence in Asia Pacific region against China and its allies; On the other hand it brings treasure of opportunities for India to strengthen its military arsenal with open doors of US sophisticated technology with the co-production and co-development framework. This generous access to the state of the art military hardware would enhance India's power projection capabilities to the maximum, posing security implications for neighbors' and adversaries to India. Moreover growing Indo US nexus aiming balancing and containment of China has serious regional strategic security implications. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Head of Department of Politics and IR, IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Politics and IR, IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Indo-US-Strategic-Partnership-and-its-Security-Implications-for-Asia-Pacific-Region https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390458 2016-12-30 gssr

The Nexus of Peer Group Environment with Emotional Intelligence: A Statistical Analysis Shah Saud Arshad Khan Bangash Syed Rashid Ali Peer Group Environment Emotional Intelligence Association Chi Square Statistical Analysis This study investigates the association of emotional intelligence with influencing social factors with in peer group environment. The data are collected from 234 students of two male and one female public sector colleges at Mardan. Using Chi square and Gamma tests, the results reveal significant association of peer group environment with emotional intelligence. Within the case of peer group environment mutual cooperation, regular interaction, sharing and respecting each other's opinion is positively associated with emotional intelligence. In the light of these results, the study recommends that peers should be sensitized to their role and interaction with adolescents in order to get better results in terms of balanced emotional intelligence. Humanity Publications MPhil Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Nexus-of-Peer-Group-Environment-with-Emotional-Intelligence-A-Statistical-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390459 2016-12-30 gssr

Encouraging Trends in women Politics in Khyber Pukhtoonkhwah Saeed Ahmad Bakhtiar Khan Ijaz Khalid Democracy Women's Political Participation Women as Voters Elections Campaigners and Elections Contestants on General Seats Modern democratic age is based on the philosophy of |ONE-MAN ONEVOTE". Women constitute more than 50% of the world population. Pakistan's Constitution of 1973 has guaranteed women's political rights, equally with men. The general elections of 2002 and 2008 witnessed greater women political participations compared to the elections of 20th Century. The 9/11 incident and un-natural death of Benazir Bhutto left society plagued with extremism, fundamentalism and terrorism. In many instances, the war on terror crossed 'Durand-Line' and affected Pakistan, especially Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA, where every second family faced causality. Vested interests and international media focused on the region and sketched it from darkness to table of discussion. The reports of FAFEN, IDEA, PILDAT, European Union Observation Mission and Election Commission of Pakistan also acknowledged the truth that political participation of women has accelerated in Pakistan tremendously by means of casting votes, launching elections campaigns and contesting elections on general seats. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Political Science, University of Peshawar & Lecturer at HED, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. PhD Scholar & Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan. 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Encouraging-Trends-in-women-Politics-in-Khyber-Pukhtoonkhwah https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390460 2016-12-30 gssr

Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR), Status of Fundamental Human Rights in FATA and Pakistan's International Obligations Noor Hamid Khan Muhammad Zubair Sumbul Hussan FATA FCR Human Rights IHRL After taking control of the North West Frontier from Sikhs, British India introduced a special legal and administrative system, Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) in the early 1870s to administer the frontier. The suppression of resistance to British rule from the native people being its main objective, this special code was in violation of the very fundamental human rights. In this research paper, the researcher will give a brief overview of FCR and will highlight the harsh nature of this colonial-era regulation which violates basic rights of people of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The paper will analyze the implications of FCR for the rights including right to self-determination, equality between man and women, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, right to peaceful assembly and protest, and equal treatment before law. International Human Rights Law (IHRL) will be applied as theoretical framework for this paper. This research paper is based on both primary and secondary sources. Interviews, participant observation, colonial era reports and documents include in primary sources. The method for this analysis will be first to state very briefly as to what standards the articles of the ICCPR demand of states parties to it, and then explain in detail the actual position of these rights in FATA. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar at Deportment of Politics and IR at IIU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Law, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan Junior Research Fellow at HRC, Islamabad, Pakistan 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Frontier-Crimes-Regulations-FCR-Status-of-Fundamental-Human-Rights-in-Fata https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390461 2016-12-30 gssr

Importance of Social Mobilization Intervention of Crop Muhammad Kaleem Bahader Sher Khattak Syed Rashid Ali Small farmers Social Mobilization Crop Maximization Project Empowerment This research study is carried out to know about the importance of social mobilization intervention of Crop Maximization Project on the socio-economic development of small farmers of district Charsadda. The objective of this research study was to know about the role of the social mobilization of the project in uplifting the social and economic conditions of small farmers of the targeted area. The present research study was carried out in union councils Rajjar-II and Sarki Tetara of Tehsil and district Charsadda. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for data collection from 150 respondents, who were purposively selected through random sampling method. The analyzed data indicated that 100% of the respondents were fully satisfied the role played by social mobilization in their motivation, awareness, empowerment, capacity building and organization. Majority (93.3%) of the respondents utilized these skills empowerment for their social and economic development while only 6.7% of them got no benefits. The research findings indicates that effective social mobilization can pave the way for other practical developmental initiatives by motivating, organizing and building the capacity of the targeted population. In future rural development projects there should be effective social mobilization sector, which can bring the maximum number of the targeted population in main stream to get the maximum benefits from the development projects Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University,Charsadda, Pakistan M.Phil Scholar, Rural Development, AIOU, Islamabad, Pakistan Associate Professor, Chairman Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan 2016-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Importance-of-Social-Mobilization-Intervention-of-Crop https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390462 2017-06-30 gssr

New Great Game in Central Asia: An Analysis of China's Interests Manzoor Khan Afridi Musharraf Iqbal Sumbul Hussan New Great Game Central Asia China Power Politics Geopolitics Geo-economics The importance of Central Asia for China increased with the change in international power structure, growth of its economy, rapid industrialization and increase in population. China is regarded as the second largest energy consumer in the world while Central Asia has rich energy resources and raw materials complementary for its economic growth. It is interested in the energy resources of Central Asia for the security of its energy supply and a large market for its finished goods. Prior to Central Asian energy resources, China was importing oil from the Middle East. The route of oil supply from M.E to China was passing through Malacca strait, under the control of United States, a perceived rival of China in the world politics. In case of conflict this route may be blocked by United States. This situation worried the Chinese policy makers and prepared a comprehensive policy regarding the energy resources of Central Asian region. Energy is not the only concern of China in Central Asia; it is also worried about the security of its Xinjiang, sharing border with some Central Asian Republics (CARs). About 60% of the population of Xinjiang are Uyghur Muslims. The same ethnic community also exists on the other side of the border in the Central Asian Republics. China has an apprehension that in case of instability in the region, terrorists organizations may instigate the China9apos9s Uyghur for independence. That is why, China is supporting United States in its fight against terrorism. Politically, it wants to reduce the influence of United States in the region by integration with the CARs (Central Asian Republics) through SCO particularly after US military penetration in the region in 2001. Applying a descriptive-analytical approach in the paper, the interests of China in CARs are surveyed. Humanity Publications Assistant professor and Head of the Department of Politics & International, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan PhD Scholar Department of Politics & International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Junior Research Fellow at HRC, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/new-great-game-in-central-asia-an-analysis-of-chinas-interests https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390463 2017-06-30 gssr

Revisiting the Relationship between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Pakistan Waqar Qureshi Noor Pio Khan Military expenditure Economic growth Markov switching models Keynesian income multiplier. This study aims to examine relationship of military expenditure and economic growth in different phases of military regimes in the context of Pakistan. This study uses two-state Markov switching models with Constant Transition Probability (CTP) and Time Varying Transition Probabilities (TVTP) for the time period: 1973-2014. This investigation analyses two sorts of relations between military expenditures and economic development through fixed transition probability Markov exchanging models. To begin with, there is negative connection between GDP growth and military expenditures during a high variance state (i.e. having low economic growth). Second, there is positive relation between both variables, during low variance state (i.e. having higher economic growth) which is also supported by idea of Keynesian income multiplier. Another, empirical test of time varying transition probability model was used to capture the switch through indicator variable. Results of the study suggest that chances of switching are increased from low to high economic growth. The chances of switching increase from lower to higher economic growth period (or high variance period) if non-military expenditure increases. The study concludes that military expenditure and economic growth are state dependent. If conditions of economy are stable then increase of expenditure results in positive outcomes, otherwise, it affects negatively. Empirical findings suggest that military spending should be planned in accordance to the economic performance of the country. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan Pro-Vice Chancellor and Dean, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Revisiting-the-Relationship-between-Military-Expenditure-and-Economic-Growth-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390464 2017-06-30 gssr

Parliament not-Parliaments: Legislature of Pakistan in the Hatching (1947-69) Rahat Zubair Malik Parliament Legislature Democracy Elections Pakistan. The evolution of parliamentary system in an ideological state, with two major units; miles apart on the globe, having multiple social and regional identities, and claiming being a federation has been a unique experience. After getting independence from the British, Pakistan decided to opt for a parliamentary form of government. The process was based on single house i.e. legislative assembly which was entrusted with dual responsibilities of framing the constitution and making legislation to run the state system. Initially, its membership was based on indirect elections through the elected representative on provincial basis in the elections of 1946 conducted by the British government. This system of indirect elections for national legislature was kept in practice till 1970 general elections after twenty three years of independence of Pakistan. First and second decades experienced multiple changes of electoral process and that of the practices of the floor of the constituent assembly. Apparently it is claimed that there had been major changes in the parliament of Pakistan with reference to the system of elections, and membership but certain practices seem consistent till date. The present study is an effort to analyse the early phase of the parliament which provided the basis for the parliamentary system of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Associate Editor of Pakistan Journal of History and Culture and Research Fellow at NIHCR, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Parliament-not-Parliaments-Legislature-of-Pakistan-in-the-Hatching-1947-69 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:390465 2017-06-30 gssr

Kashmir Crisis: A Critical Analysis of Indo-Pak Intercession Ghulam Qumber Waseem Ishaque Syed Jawad Shah Constructivism Realism Balance of Power Humanitarian Crisis This paper explores the various intervention approaches adopted by both India and Pakistan regarding Kashmir issue. It uses the theoretical approaches of Constructivism, Realism and Balance of Power Theory. The study's objectives are divided into three categories, each entailing the Kashmir issue under the mentioned three theoretical approaches mentioned earlier. These variables are observed keeping in mind the empirical data available over the years, which define the situation of Kashmir from the time of Independence 1947 to the present scenario with regards to the Indo-Pak policies of influence under the cited theoretical prospects. As a result, the research concludes that not only Kashmir has been a humanitarian crisis where innocent people are slaughtered daily, but also a grave phenomenon for the international community who has failed to resolve it in 70 years. Humanity Publications Deputy Director, ISSRA, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of IR, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Researcher Internee, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Kashmir-Crisis-A-Critical-Analysis-of-Indo-Pak-Intercession https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Organizational Learning and Competitive Advantage in Banking Sector of Pakistan Shazia Hassan Yasmeen Muhammad Javed Iqbal Wajeeha Ghias Organizational Learning Competitive Advantage OLCA model Banks Organizational learning is one of the major characteristic of high performing work systems. Organizations are depicted as intelligent organizations when they focus on constant organizational learning. In the dynamic era of digitalization, securing a competitive advantage over competitors has moved beyond the effective utilization of organizational resources to effective management of organizational knowledge. This research aims to study the impact of organizational learning as a competitive advantage in the banking sector of Pakistan. OLCA (Organizational learning and Competitive Advantage) model is applied and empirical evidence is collected from the banking sector of Pakistan. Reliability analysis, correlation, Mean, standard deviation, linear regression and step wise regression analysis are used to collect the statistical viewpoint. The results of the study show positive and reliable scores. The result of the study confirms the OLCA model comprehensions in the selected sector of study. The study concludes that rather focusing on increasing the resource efficiency to gain competitive advantage, organization must focus on organizational learning as a resource to gain a lasting competitive advantage. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, LMS Department, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer, LMS Department, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer, LMS Department, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Organizational-Learning-and-Competitive-Advantage-in-Banking-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Local Governments and the Provision of Health and Education within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: An assessment Fahim Nawaz Kalsoom Inam Shagufta Shaheen Local Government Tiebout Hypothesis Health Education This paper traces the working of various local governments within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan in terms of efficiency while providing health and educational facilities. Only those districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa having a population of at least one million, were taken into account. The performance of six district local governments in the field of education and health was thoroughly analyzed. The main focus was to assess whether local governments were efficient in the provision of the required services or otherwise. In the context of this study, local governments were perceived as firms, each aiming at the efficient provision and welfare of their respective communities / localities. Annual time-series data for the period 2004 to 2015 was taken. The study revealed the performance and efficiency of each of the selected district governments. The study also confirmed the validity of the Tiebout Hypothesis in terms of the local governments of KP in relevance to the provision of health and educational services. The district government primarily revolves around the needs and aspirations of the common people. This system can perform better if properly implemented and monitored in light of the gross root level input. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan Undergraduate Student, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan Deputy Director, DMS-IV, GHQ, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Local-Governments-and-the-Provision-of-Health-and-Education-within-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-An-assessment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Varying Written Perspectives on Politics of Pakistan Sajid Mahmood Awan Sana Hussan Politics Elitist Marxist Ideological Praetorian Approaches Perspectives Pakistan. Every discipline has its own specific perspective. The very difference of varying perspectives draws a line primarily between scientific and nonscientific knowledge. Then, amongst sciences it differentiates the rational from the empirical sciences. Apart from the natural sciences social sciences also utilize both rational and empirical approaches to science. Even, with in both of these perspectives there are also some other perspectives of social sciences. The present paper attempts to explore these perspectives as per the varying approaches of the respective writers contributing to the domain of the politics of Pakistan. A number of scholars have explored the politics of Pakistan. A brief review of them shows that they have studied the phenomenon of politics in Pakistan as per their respective approaches. The varying perspectives of these researchers can broadly be categorised into four main approaches i.e. 'Elitist Approach', 'Marxian Approach', 'Ideological Approach', and 'Praetorian Approach'. Every researcher of social science should necessarily understand the difference of these perspectives before initiating his investigation in to the politics of Pakistan. This paper aims to engulf the writings of all the potential writers in this field. Humanity Publications Senior Research Fellow at the National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research (NIHCR), Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Senior Research Fellow, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Varying-Written-Perspectives-on-Politics-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mediatization of Politics or Politicization of Media: Women's Perspective Hassan Shehzad Farish Ullah Yousafzai Mediatization Media Logic Politics Politicization In accordance with the phased and meta process of mediatization, politicians have grown dependent on media at the cost of their own independence. As a result, politics has become synonym with something negative. Little research in Pakistan has been done to explore perspective of women politicians and journalists on negative perception about politics. To fill up the gap, we constituted focus groups in Multan, Lahore and Islamabad, comprising mostly women politicians (local and national), rights activists and journalists. It has been found that the respondents are mindful of the fact that there has been an increase in representation of women politicians on media since former President Pervez Musharraf allowed private electronic media to operate in 2002. Female participants in Multan feel encouraged by the increase in representation of women on media but those in Lahore and Islamabad believe that media has added to the challenges women politicians are facing. However, all focus groups opined that this situation is reflective of politicization of media, which shows that they have internalized the negative image that media construct of politicians and that they lack the understanding about the process of mediatization of politics. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Professor, Dean, Faculty of Arts, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Mediatization-of-Politics-or-Politicization-of-Media-Womens-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Indigenous Culture and Academic Discourse: A Critique of English Textbooks in Pakistan Azhar Habib Inayat Ullah Indigenous Culture Academic Discourse English Textbooks Pakistan Appropriation The paper aims to explore how far English textbooks in Pakistan embody Pakistan and its culture. In this connection, the reading passages and pictures/images of the textbooks taught at secondary level in the government schools of Punjab were analyzed. It was a mixed method study and the specific method employed was content analysis. For this purpose all the reading passages of both the textbooks were firstly categorized and quantified into three categories; Source Culture/s, Other Culture/s and Neutral and then the cultural elements of Source Culture/s were discussed qualitatively using an adapted checklist. The results of the study reveal that the English textbook of class 9 has 12 passages out of which 75% have Source cultural elements, 8.83% have cultural elements of Other Culture/s and 16.66% are Neutral. As far as the English textbook of class 10 is concerned, there are 13 reading passages out of which 23.07% have Source cultural elements, 15.38% have cultural elements of Other Culture/s and 61.53% are Neutral. The findings of the study show that English, being an international language and as a result of globalization, has become compulsory for people belonging to different countries to learn it. However, in order to retain their identity, they try to appropriate English language to underpin their own culture/s through English language used in the textbooks of Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Air University, Islamabad & Research Fellow, University of North Texas USA Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Indigenous-Culture-and-Academic-Discourse-A-Critique-of-English-Textbooks-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Resurgent Russian Ingress in Afghanistan: Implications for Pakistan Qurat Ul Ain Taimoor Shah Seemab Zafar Afghanistan Russia Pakistan Implications Taliban Jihad. After the fall of soviet-empire, Afghanistan became the playground of international players, with covert and overt agenda towards the country. It has also become a breeding ground for militant organization. Russia, after her recent show of power in the Middle East has set her eye on its regional chessboard. For protecting its borders from incursion of extremism and the menace of drug trafficking which is gaining pace, Russia is entering Afghanistan again. This time she has found her 'favorite' jihadis on their side, the Taliban. How the entrance of resurgent power in the existing world order will have an impact on the country already going through the tough tides of unfolding international arena, Pakistan. The paper delineates, how the geo-political scenario compelled Moscow to get into bargaining with its rivals and what are the impacts on Pakistan. Humanity Publications Research Associate, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan Research Intern, ISSRA, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan M.Phil. Scholar, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Resurgent-Russian-Ingress-in-Afghanistan-Implications-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Issue of SaraikiStan: Post 18th Amendment Sana Ullah Ijaz Khalid Shazia Hassan Ethno-Nationalism Identity Crisis Deprivations Regionalism Saraiki Nationalist Movement Eighteenth Amendment The paper primarily focuses on salient dynamics voiced for division of Punjab and establishment of Saraiki Province and is aiming to aware coming parliamentarians regarding the sensitive issue so that they can make themselves capable to develop skill to resolve such generic issues. The non-justifiable allocation and distribution of resources by the federal government not only created hatred between East and West Pakistan in 1971 but later on among four provinces of Pakistan as well. For the last more than seventy years, the inspirations of ethnicity and regionalism evoked by Pukhtoons, Baluchis, Muhajirs and Saraikis made the process of national integration complex and so politicized different socio-economic and issues concerning different people of different regions which sometimes led to civil war situations in Pakistan. Though state's constitution provided equal rights and opportunities to all nationalities in all spheres of life. However the feeling of provincialism or regionalism awakens in the minds when the people of a particular area are continuously neglected by the ruling class and so they are politically educated as backward and discriminated people by their local leaders. In this way, these leaders keep political hold over the specified area and its people. Regional disparities in terms of revenue and consumptions have awakened the perception of ignorance and discrimination and this is the reason that PML (N) faced severe hurdles and the repatriation of its own parliamentarians as the Saraiki community has been continuously neglected by the Punjabi dominated Political Party in the National legislature. Humanity Publications Demonstrator & PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan Demonstrator & PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan Assistant Professor, LMS Department, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Issue-of-SaraikiStan-Post-18th-Amendment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings Asghar Khan Ayaz Ahmad Amjad Ali Dadda Pakistan United States of America Afghanistan Indian factor Afghan War Security Nuclear proliferation. This paper critically analyses the US and Pakistan relations in historical context and thereby comprehends the causes of misunderstandings between them, especially under the new administration of Donal Trump. Like other states in our world both Pakistan and USA have priorities to secure their national interests as both have their own way of protecting their interest in short, medium or long terms. The paper finds that unlike the US which makes a policy that focuses only on the current scenarios, Pakistan keeps in view the lessons from past betrayals from US and her future needs arising from her security issues related to her neighbours i.e. Afghanistan and India. Pakistan also fears Indian involvement in Afghanistan and the US support to India in Afghanistan in general and particularly in the region. Pakistan needs to understand US mistrust for rapid proliferation (even legal) to earn easy money to strengthen its weak economy. From the US perspectives, it strategy regarding Pakistan is no different from that of a major powers as she only focuses short terms objectives. USA needs to realize that the strategic location of Pakistan and the nuclear capability makes her an important country that bestows on her the right to be treated like medium power in the region. It not only about dealing with mutual misunderstandings related to realization of mutual concerns but it is also about peace, security and future of every sixth human being on earth who lives in the region or maybe its impacts can go far beyond to the whole world. Therefore, both Pakistan and the US need to address each other's concern and work on converging lines. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Regional Studies, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan Lecturer Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan. Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management, UK 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Pak-US-Relations-Understanding-of-the-Misunderstandings https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Emerging Political Economy of CPEC Future Dynamics and Perspectives for Pakistan Muhammad Zia Rehman Asif Khan Qaim Raza Jaffry Political Economy Silk Road China Pakistan Economic Corridor One Belt One Road. The study focuses on China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a great regional, political and economic force, which would lead the region to a prosperous future. The route of CPEC is not only a connection between Gwader and Khunjrab but it is also "a motorway of political economy" which would become a track to development and sustainable prosperity. No doubt, the route leads to cooperation in the transition of resources and increase the bilateral trade partnership but there emerge various questions. The present study provides detailed analysis of how the route connects Asia to Europe and provides access the local markets. The study further recommends that Gwadar Port is one of the shortest ways for China rather than Strait of Malacca or any other international route. At the end, based on an in-depth critical evaluation, the study recommends the strategy of boosting its Political Economy on emergency basis. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of LMS, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Independent Research Scholar, Islamabad, Pakistan Director & Instructor at National Defense University Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Emerging-Political-Economy-of-CPEC-Future-Dynamics-and-Perspectives-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Afghan Displaced Persons: Resettlement, Reintegration and Repatriation Mussarat Jabeen Sajid Mahmood Awan Displaced Persons Insecurity War Conflict Reintegration Natural Disaster At the commencement of the 21st century, a visible change is occurring in human relationship, but several areas still demand initiation of new developments, ideas, concepts along with practices for a discernible shift in global society. The idea of belonging is one of those concepts, which needs redefinition on the basis of existing positions and experiences of asylum seekers, refugees, displaced persons and migrants. The 'battlefield' for ending the cold war rivalry of superpowers, once again has become an arena for the war on terror, bringing massive destruction to the population at the hands of warring parties. Millions of lives perish due to fratricidal fighting and a huge number of persons are displaced and forced to live in camps. The statistics of the Afghan government and the UNHCR indicate that half a million people are still internally displaced due to continued conflict, violence and prevalent human rights' violation. Majority of such persons are living in camps or camp-like settings for decades and it is an alarming fact that displaced persons are 'more vulnerable and worse-off than the urban poor' who face insufficient housing or shortage of livelihood due to unemployment while displaced persons are facing numerous issues like insecurity, forced eviction, unemployment, poverty and repatriation due to ongoing conflicts. The paper analyzes all these aspects. Humanity Publications Chairperson, Department of International Relations & Political Science, University of Lahore Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of Historical & Cultural Research, QUA, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Afghan-Displaced-Persons-Resettlement-Reintegration-and-Repatriation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017) Ijaz Khalid Bushra Qureshi Shazia Hassan Strategy USA China Pakistan CPEC Policy Response This paper attempts to explore the level of variations in the pattern of foreign policies of Pakistan and China to US Afghan strategy. To investigate this question, the paper examines US strategy in Afghanistan. The current administration under Trump and announcement of China Pakistan Economic Corridor further complicated the US presence in Afghanistan. The study analyses the factors that are responsible for differences between Pakistani and Chinese stance. About the results, China's response was an outcome of their foreign policy principles, that is not to indulge in direct clash with the US and Western world. The interests of China in Afghanistan are linked to that of Pakistan, South and Central Asia. China does not want to wage unilateral talks with Taliban at the cost of Pakistan's interests. While on the other hand, post 9/11 2001, Pakistan could not resist the pressure of US policies in Afghanistan because it was heavily dependent on the US, economically, militarily, politically and diplomatically. The respective Political structure and culture; their foreign policy priorities, goals, and tradition; perception of threat and resulting priorities; political and economic dependence; location, policy options and decision-making and professional capabilities of decision making were jointly responsible for their differences. Humanity Publications Demonstrator & PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, LMS Department, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/US-Afghan-Strategy-Policy-Responses-of-China-and-Pakistan-2001-2017 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Kashmir at Crossroad: The Partition's Unfinished Agenda Hikmat Afridi Manzoor Khan Afridi Ijaz Khalid Pakistan Kashmir Issue India UNO India Cross Border Terrorism Independent dominions in shape of Pakistan and India emerged as result of partition on 14 August and 15 August 1947 respectively while the fate of over 500 princely states awaited decision. Due to overwhelming majority of Muslims, Jammu and Kashmir should have acceded to Pakistan. The hardness in Indian stance resulted in the two wars i.e. of 1965 and 1971 besides two limited wars of 1947-48 and 1999Kargil war. South Asia remained on the brink of war in 2002 standoff and the current escalations in Azad Kashmir. Contrarily, both Pakistan and India had agreed upon the United Nations resolutions, including, "the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir will be decided through free and impartial plebiscite under the auspices of United Nations". The Indian strategy was to gain time on the pretext that "Indians are superior to Pakistanis in military and industrial power therefore Pakistan would accept a settlement imposed by the Indians". Additional India pleaded that Pakistan had joined defence Pacts with west, so India moved away from the process of Plebiscite. Now, India wants to discuss only terrorism brushing aside the core issue of Kashmir. Resultantly, the people of Kashmir are at the mercy of despotic and tyrant Indian Forces and they are suffering the most. How long the innocent population of Kashmir will be looking to ask the world to come forward for an open hearted settlement of this long outstanding dispute? The situation may escalate into a nuclear flashpoint. Humanity Publications Phd Scholar, Department of Politics & IR , International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor and HoD, Department of Politics & IR , International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan PhD Scholar and Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, AWKUM, Mardan, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Kashmir-at-Crossroad-The-Partitions-Unfinished-Agenda https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Critical Analysis of Terrorism and Military Operations in Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Musab Yousufi Fakhr Ul Islam Afghanistan Pakistan United Sates of America Al-Qaeda Taliban Malakand Division. The 9/11 was a paradigm shifting event in the international and global politics. On September 11, 2001, two jet planes hit the twin's tower in United States of America (USA). US official authorities said that it is done by alQaeda. This event also changes Pakistan's internal and foreign policies. The government of United States compel Afghan Taliban government to handover the master mind of 9/11 attack and their leader Osama bin Laden but the talks failed between the both governments. Therefore US government compel the government of Pakistan to give us Military bases and assistance against Afghan Taliban. Pakistan agreed with US as frontline ally of US in war on terror. The majority of Pakistani people were not happy with the decision, therefore, some non-state actors appeared in different part of the country especially in Malakand Division and FATA to support Taliban regime in Afghanistan. In Malakand Division Mulana Sufi Muhammad head of Tehrik Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Muhammadi started a proper armed campaign for Afghan Taliban Support and sent thousands of people to Afghanistan support Taliban against US and their allied forces. It was a basic reason behind the emergence of terrorism in Malakand division KP but it did not played it role alone to cause terrorism in the region. Many other important factors i.e. weak political administration, unemployment, economic deprivation, socio-political instability constituted the main reason that opened room for non-state actors to consolidate their grip on the region. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, D.I. Khan Pakistan Professor and Director, Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Critical-Analysis-of-Terrorism-and-Military-Operations-in-Malakand-Division-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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From Peace Talks to Operation Zarb e Azb: Politics of Consensus Building for Counter Terrorism Manzoor Ahmad Naazer Sadaf Farooq Masood Rehman Khattak Peace Talks Terrorism Taliban Military Operation Consensus Government. Pakistan faced severe challenges of violent extremism and terrorism after US invasion of Afghanistan. The successive governments pursued both political and military means to bring an end to this problem but to no avail. The war against terrorism was highly unpopular among the people and it was the main cause of failure to combat terrorism. In 2013, the newly formed government led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif decided to give peace a chance after a decision of an All Parties Conference (APC). Consequently, the dialogue process, through the committee members nominated by the government and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), ensued that kindled the hope of peace and stability in the country. However, the process was crippled after a few months and government launched a military operation against TTP and other militant outfits in the country. The paper explores the factors that lead the government to start peace talks with TTP and analyzes the challenges that dialogue process faced and ultimately caused its failure. Finally, it highlights the benefits, particularly the national consensus to combat terrorism that dialogue process produced despite its failure to bring peace in the country. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics & International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Politics & International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Politics & International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/From-Peace-Talks-to-Operation-Zarb-e-Azb-Politics-of-Consensus-Building-for-Counter-Terrorism https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study on Employee Engagement through Employee Development in the Banking Sector of Pakistan: Case Maria H Nadeem Muhammad Usman Ghani Syed Asad Ali Shah Employee Development Employee Engagement Employee Education Career Progression This case study has been conducted to explore the significance of employee development and employee engagement in private banking sector in Pakistan. An investigative method has been opted to perform this study in order to scrutinize the effect that employee development has on the engagement of employees. This has been done selecting various branches and business units of a private sector bank as sampling units. A carefully designed questionnaire to particularly measure a number of relevant factors is provided to the employees. The factors include Self-Directed Learning, Empowerment, Employee Education, Participation and Skill Growth. Data has been collected from a sample size of 2128 employees. Analysis was done through the application of descriptive and rational statistic in SPSS version 23.0. Major findings state that employee development is associated with employee engagement through empowerment and participation. Hence, Employee Development is positively influencing engagement of employees in the given context. Humanity Publications Research Consultant, University of Leicester MPhil Scholar, Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Study-on-Employee-Engagement-through-Employee-Development-in-the-Banking-Sector-of-Pakistan-Case https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Prospects of Enduring Peace in Afghanistan: Avoiding Zero Sum Game in Af-Pak Region Waseem Ishaque Ghulam Qumber Syed Jawad Shah Enduring Peace Stability and Prosperity Afghanistan. Afghanistan has witnessed a turbulent history of long and devastating war due to Soviet unabated invasion of Afghanistan of ten years producing unbearable losses of life, institutions and society. The United States along-with the support of majority of Muslim countries supported Jihad to defeat communism. This victory was, however, short-lived as infighting among Afghan war lords later entangled the entire country with even graver consequence. The emergence of Taliban and resultant occupation of 70% of Afghanistan had brought some degree of stability by providing good governance and expeditious justice system, but failed to pragmatically adjust to international environment. The unfortunate incidents of 9/11 changed the world for foreseeable time with even harsher fall out for Afghan nation as unleashing of the war of terror destroyed the left over Afghanistan. The instability in Afghanistan has caused negative effects on Pakistan as next door neighbour, which has rendered all sorts of humanitarian, diplomatic and moral support to Afghan cause since Soviet invasion and has also suffered most in the process due to spill-over effects. The democratic government is incharge in Afghanistan after fall of Taliban regime in 2001 and several state institutions are also in place albeit at infancy stage, especially the security institutions, yet the prospects of enduring peace and stability are distant reality. More than three million Afghan refugees are still in Pakistan with very dim prospects of honourable return due to persisting instability. This paper highlights the causes of instability in Afghanistan with spill-over impact on Pakistan and suggests a course of action for enduring stability. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor at Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Deputy Director, Research and Publications ISSRA National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan MPhil, Media Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Prospects-of-Enduring-Peace-in-Afghanistan-Avoiding-Zero-Sum-Game-in-Af-Pak-Region https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Silencing the Silence: A Study of Women at Workplace Sayed Mahrukh Ayaz Ahmad Liaqat Iqbal Gender Discrimination Feminism Muted Group Theory Discrimination Work Place Pashtun. This paper highlights the extent of women marginalization through silencing their voices at workplaces in the Pashtun society. Using the construct "muted group" theory a qualitative study of the participants with ages between 25 and 32 at Abdul Wali Khan Universy, Mardan (Pakistan) was undertaken. The analysis of response reveals that both males and females work equally, share equal work load, and can perform their duties well together. It is significant that despite the appearance of unbiased equal treatment to males and females the societal biases effect a reality that is contradictory to the facade of equality. The study established that males make use of authoritative language because of which females feel reluctant to share their thoughts openly due to the fear of being rejected at the work place. They conform to male domination and in this way appease the macho ego of males. Moreover, females are often made fun of when they talk; consequently they choose to remain silent. This marginalization explains why men think that women cannot share their thoughts clearly or cannot speak logically without realizing that there is something wrong with the way they deal with women. Humanity Publications Independent Researcher, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan Lecturer, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Silencing-the-Silence-A-Study-of-Women-at-Workplace https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Independent Kurdish State in Middle East: An Upcoming Epicenter of Middle East Power Politics Farhat Kounain Ahmed Saeed Minhas Ghulam Qumber Independent Middle East Kurds Power Control The paper is an attempt to encompass the geo-political and geo-strategic fault lines which could put the region in a perpetual strategic dilemma leading to initiation of a strategic tug of war between the Middle Eastern Powers. The author has highlighted various pros and cons of establishment of an independent Kurdistan and its implications on the entire Middle Eastern Region. Moreover the author has analyzed various practical reasons behind the non-establishment of an independent state. Furthermore last part of paper focuses on the global and regional reactions on the establishment of new Kurd state followed by few policy options. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of IR, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan Director, Research and Publication, ISSRA, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan Deputy Director, Research and Publication, ISSRA, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Independent-Kurdish-State-in-Middle-East-An-Upcoming-Epicenter-of-Middle-East-Power-Politics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Women, State and Islamic Legislation in Pakistan Saiqa Jabeen Shouket Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Women State Islam Legislation Pakistan Pakistan has declared itself an Islamic state, but in terms of gender, its constitutional provisions are equal to all citizens. The gendered UN-evenness is embedded in the social fabric of society due to men’s domination over the mode of production. This unevenness is causing gendered segregation and alienation by women in a society. How does 'state' ideological orientation influence women's politics and their involvement in Islamic Legislation? This is a fundamental question that has been addressed in this paper. The available scholarship explained the nature of Islamic legislation and place of women in Islam. The present study is an attempt to explore the nature of the state and its ideological implications on women's role in Islamic legislation. Applying the qualitative approach, it has been found that the ideological nature of the state is structuring and re-organizing the relationship between women and legislation.Despite representation in the legislative process, women are yet alienated from control over the decision-making process. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Islamic and Religious Studies, Hazara University-Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology- Abbottabad. Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingdom (UK). 2017-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/women-state-and-islamic-legislation-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Russia in Nagorno Karabagh Conflict: A Mediator or an Arms Dealer Gasparyan Gevorg Wang Li Russia Nagorno Karabagh Azerbaijan Armenia Conflict In the post-Soviet era, the Nagorno Karabagh conflict has been a major source of tension in the South Caucasus. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia, the United States, and France have all been involved in the mediation process between Nagorno Karabagh, Armenia, and Azerbaijan over the resolution of the conflict. Russia, given its historical ties, economic interests, political clout, and military relations with Armenia and Azerbaijan, appears to be the most influential and vital moderator in this conflict. This dates back to the outbreak of violence in early 1990s. Russia has tried to help the participants in the Nagorno Karabagh conflict to maintain the status quo, and has provided a framework of dialogue for Armenia and Azerbaijan. Russia has been the main supplier of arms to both sides, which calls into question Russia's motive and goals in its role as a mediator, and its role is subject of much controversy in the Nagorno Karabagh conflict. This paper argues that Russia's role as a mediator is primarily focused on maintaining the status quo, and ensuring the equilibrium of military capabilities between Armenia and Azerbaijan, in order to discourage any military escalations between the two states. We assert that despite the fact that this strategy has been successful for Russia in maintaining the status quo, a different approach, which moves beyond military balancing, is required in order to reach a long-term solution for the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno Karabagh. Humanity Publications PhD candidate, School of International and Public affairs, Jilin University, China. Professor, IR and Diplomacy, School of International and Public affairs, Jilin University, China. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/russia-in-nagorno-karabagh-conflict-a-mediator-or-an-arms-dealer https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity on Financial Distress of Firms: A Comparison of Developed and Emerging Economies Allah Bakhsh Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah Foreign Exchange Exposure Elasticity Financial Distress Stability Financial Crisis Emerging Multinational Firms Chief Finance Officer This study looks into the potential effect of foreign exchange exposure elasticity (FEEE) on the financial distress of non-financial firms from an emerging country (Pakistan) and a developed country (USA) during 2003-2015. It employs mixed methodology in which a comprehensive quantitative analysis is made from the panel data of the sample companies from both countries (Pakistan and USA). Subsequently, views of Chief Finance Officers (CFOs) of different companies are given. Results show that the effect of foreign exchange exposure is not statistically significant on the financial distress of Pakistani firms at contemporaneous level but it has positive significant effect at lagged level. Results also show that at gross exposure level, foreign exchange exposure of US manufacturing firms has a significantly positive effect on their financial distress contemporaneously but not at net market level. In case of US non-manufacturing firms, the foreign exchange exposure elasticity does not impact significantly on the Z-Score at gross exposure level. But the market model shows a weak significant effect of the FE Exposure on the distress of such firms in USA at relatively higher significance level. The firms fundamental attributes except foreign sales exhibit a significant effect on the financial distress. Only debt has negative coefficient which describes a positive effect on the financial distress. The findings have notable implications for the financial stability of the firms, especially in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-foreign-exchange-exposure-elasticity-on-financial-distress-of-firms-a-comparison-of-developed-and-emerging-economies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ideology and Politics of Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (1947-1973) Muhammad Rizwan Manzoor Ahmed Saima Gul Jamit Ulema-i-Islam National Awami Party Coalition Ideologies NWFP Khilafat Movement provided an opportunity to the Ulema of sub-continent to take part in active politics, however, Anjuman-i-Khuddam-i-Kaaba which was the first ever organized confrontation with the British raj. It eventually resulted in the formation of Jamiat Ulema-i-Hind (JUH). Although Majlis-iAhrar-i-Islam, emerged as an effective instrument of Deobandi activism yet it denounced the creation of an independent Muslim state. Majority of Ulema believed that with the demise of British regime in India, the Muslims being a strong minority, could not be impoverished, therefore, JUH worked closely with the Congress. Interestingly, the history of the Ulema has been one of their perpetual conflicts with intelligentsia and the creation of Pakistan by the moderate leadership was a great setback for the “nationalist” Ulema. However, they failed to create a political constituency and continued to tag along with the Muslim League. Yet, JUI time and again denounced socialism and advocated the Islamic system for Pakistan. After 1970 Elections, both NAP and JUI emerged as majority parties in NWFP and Baluchistan. During the study, it will be analyzed that how JUI, a conservative Islamic party could form an alliance with NAP that had won the elections on the basis of secular ideas. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & Chairman Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Ideology-and-politics-of-jamiat-ulema-i-islam-1947-1973 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Perception of Teacher Educator Regarding Course Guides for B.ED (Hons) and ADE (Associate Degree in Education) Program and Provision of Resources for Effective Implementation of the Program Shazia Abdul Malik Umbreen Ishfaq M Saeed Khan Teaching Approaches Teacher Educators Assessment Courseguide The study analyzes curriculum document (teacher course guides) of ADE and B.Ed. (Hons) programs in terms of Assessment Tasks, Teaching Learning Approaches, Course Outcomes and Course Description. Study also focuses on prospective teachers and teacher educator’s perceptions about these teacher course guides and their execution in class room at selected Teachers’ Training Institutes. The sample comprises three universities and four Regional Institutions of Teacher Education offering B.Ed. (Hons) and ADE programs. Researcher congregated data from 21 teacher educators teaching to prospective teachers enrolled in ADE and B.Ed. (Hons) in the chosen institutions. Mixed methods (approach) were used to collect quantitative as well as qualitative data for extensive analysis of the research problem. The qualitative data was collected through a check list and quantitative data was collected through questionnaire. The manuscripts (Draft guide for teaching instructor) for B.Ed. (Hons). Experts developed curriculum meets the requirement of the society of Pakistan with the purpose to create more competent, proficient and well-informed teaching instructors. Effective implementation of teacher guides need improvement in terms of availability of resources like well-equipped class rooms, computer lab, library, learning materials and Information and Communication Technology. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar (Education), Department of Education, University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/perception-of-teacher-educator-regarding-course-guides-for-bed-hons-and-ade-associate-degree-in-education-program-and-provision-of-resources-for-effective-implementation-of-the-program https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Role of Teachers Associations as the Protectors of Teachers Rights Rahat Mand Niaz Muhammad Aaijaz Nasrullah Khan Associations Problem Solvers Protectors of Rights Reformers This study was undertaken to examine the role of Teachers’ Associations as the protector of teachers’ rights. The study is based mainly on the interviews of education experts, researchers and experienced associations’ leaders. The researcher therefore intended to highlight a very important and positive role played by teachers’ associations. These associations are blamed for the present faulty education system and for the lack of co-ordination among various agents of education. Associations and their active leaders at secondary school level in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were chosen as the population of the study. Interviews were conducted with union leaders for the collection of useful data. The core finding of this study suggests that most of teachers’ associations are the protector of teachers’ rights. They solve the problems of teachers. However, they generally support their own members during transfer, promotion and on other occasions of benefits. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & HoD, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-role-of-teachers-associations-as-the-protectors-of-teachers-rights https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Education, Health, Experience and Government Loans on Farmers Productivity in District Nowshera Imran Ullah Saeed Muhammad Jehangir Muhammad Tariq Cobb Douglas Production Function Technical Efficiency Determinants KP (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) This study generally examines the influence of education, health, experience and government loans on farmers productivity in district Nowshera. Specifically, this study (a) finds out the role of socio-economic factors determining tomato production in district Nowshera and (b) estimates technical efficiency of the tomato farmers in the area. Primary data has been collected through a field survey from 61 tomato producers of selected villages of the district. The results reveal on the average tomato farms in the study area are 95% efficient, indicating a 5% potential for the farms to attain the maximum output level while the range of efficiencies was 89% to 99%. Moreover, the results also showed education, health, experience and government loans playing a significant role in the determination of the tomato production. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that government increase spending on education and health as such loans can play an important role in the tomato farming in district Nowshera. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Economics), Department of Economic, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-education-health-experience-and-government-loans-on-farmers-productivity-in-district-nowshera https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Pashtun Tribal System and Issues of Security Muhammad Tariq Muhammad Shoaib Malik Manzoor Khan Afridi Pashtun U.S Tribal Areas Security Border Clan Pashtun tribal system is a very unique phenomenon of the entire Pashtuns. Being a complete code of life for most of them. This code guides them in all walks of life. In terms of its genealogy, it is very close to Islam and is considered as code of life for them. The tribal structure of Pashtuns has changed a lot during the last 36 years in which the dominating role of Maliks and tribal elders have been excessively reduced giving place to that of mullah. Soviet intervention in Afghanistan followed by the U.S. intervention was a turning point in changing the entire tribal structure of Pashtuns. The tribal Areas were converted into areas meant for the acts of barbarism, terrorism and extremism and provided sanctuaries to the insurgents. Humanity Publications PhD Political Science, Department of District Education, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages,Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & HoD, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University,Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-pashtun-tribal-system-and-Issues-of-security https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Shah Waliullah and his Concept of Welfare State: An Analysis Zahir Shah Muhammad Zubair Jan Alam Welfare State Righteous Economic System Private Property Productive Sources Professional Balance Muslim scholars have contributed enormously to the concept of welfare State. Among them Shah Waliullah is the rising sun who was born in South Asian sub-continent in the 19th century. He was holding the firsthand knowledge of Quran and Hadiths, the first primary sources in Islam. Shah Waliullah's point of view regarding welfare state occupies central theme in his works. His basic concepts like equality, justice, anti-usury, and rights of working classes, espoused with responsible governance, are the pillars of the edifice of the Islamic polity. To purge the Muslims out of dogmas and channelize their energies in compliance of the true religion, Islam, Shah Waliullah has left deep imprints on modern mind. His solutions to the prevailing ills of the society can be found in his works and thought. This paper is aimed to present Waliullah's thought on establishing a happy society by curbing the inequality in the socio economic conditions of the Muslims. Historical descriptive approach is adhered to investigate the ills and present solution thereof. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Chairman, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan,KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/shah-waliullah-and-his-concept-of-welfare-state-an-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Effect of Nuclear and Joint Family Systems on the Moral Development: A Gender Based Analysis Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Rahmat Ali Farooq Muhammad Idris Nuclear family Joint Family Gender Moral Development Elementary students Although each and every aspect of individual is affected by the family system variables, but the most important one is their moral development. Moral development is the ability to differentiate between the good and the bad behaviors. This study explores the effect of family systems, especially, nuclear and joint families on the moral development of both boys and girls elementary level students. All 222944 elementary level students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan constituted the population of the study. A total of 384 elementary students randomly selected, (226 boys and 158 girls) were taken as the sample of the study. Kohlberg’s Moral Judgment Interview Form A was used for the collection of data. The collected data were analyzed through frequency, percentage and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of the study depicted that gender had significant influence on the moral values of elementary level students. Furthermore, girls belonging to the joint families were found morally more advanced than boys of joint families. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar (Education), Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Professor & Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Effect-of-Nuclear-and-Joint-Family-Systems-on-the-Moral-Development:-A-Gender-Based-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analysis of the New Trends in National Curriculum of Physics at the Secondary Level Tariq Mehmud Muhammad Iqbal New Trends National Curriculum Secondary Level Physics This research study analyzes innovative trends in the National Curriculum of Physics at the Secondary level and compares the same curriculum with the curricula of three academically advanced countries namely Turkey, Malaysia and UK. The study aims to examine the policy objectives of the National Curriculum in Physics at the Secondary level and explores its strengths and weaknesses, ending in recommendations for the removal of these weaknesses. The study practiced mixed-methods designed. The primary data were collected through interviews held with key informants and opinionnaires fielded to subject teachers. Review of literature and reliable documents along with the curricula of three developed countries furnished Secondary data for the study. Qualitative and quantitative treatments were given for analysis of the data. The outcomes of the research study highlight that objectives of curricula in Malaysia, Turkey and UK are more comprehensive than Pakistan. These curricula contain latest and novel concepts. The present curriculum likewise needs to instill the tendency for analytical and critical examination of facts at any circumstance in students. The existing examination system is, therefore, not appropriate as it measures only the lowest domain of learning i.e. rote learning. In order to discourage rote learning, textbooks of Physics at the Secondary level need revision to promote creativity. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar,KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology,Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Analysis-of-the-New-Trends-in-National-Curriculum-of-Physics-at-the-Secondary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers Emotional Social Intelligence and its Relationship with Students Cohesiveness in Classroom Learning Environment Fazle Khaliq Amir Zaman Abdul Ghafar Intelligence Emotional Intelligence Social Intelligence Learning Learning Environment Classroom Learning Environment The purpose of the study is to investigate teachers’ emotional social intelligence and its relationship with students’ cohesiveness in classroom. The main objectives of the study were to; find students’ perception of emotional social intelligence level of university teachers, find students’ cohesiveness in classroom, and measure the relationship of teachers’ emotional social intelligence with the students’ cohesiveness in classroom learning environment. Research questions were formulated. Population of the study was teachers and students (8775) of all universities (29) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The sample of the study was taken from nine (9) universities’ teachers and students (900) through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview were used as research instruments to collect data from the concerned participants and informants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the analysis of the data. It was found that there is a significant correlation between social emotional intelligence of teachers and students’ cohesiveness in classroom learning environment. It is recommended that research studies should be conducted at different level with different variables relating to emotional social intelligence. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Teachers-Emotional-Social-Intelligence-and-its-Relationship-with-Students-Cohesiveness-in-Classroom-Learning-Environment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effects of E-Learning Media on Cognitive Skills Enhancement of Students Rahmat Ullah Khan Hafiz Muhammad Inamullah Hafiz M Irshadullah E-Learning media Traditional classroom E-learning media based classroom Effects Cognitive Skills Cognitive Skills Enhancement The significant time that learners spend on using e-learning media for teaching learning purpose at schools and homes creates some thought provoking questions like how the use of e-learning media may influence cognitive skills enhancement?, and if it does have influence, then how much? The study evaluates the effects of e-learning media on cognitive skills enhancement of science students respectively, and compares the impact of elearning media on cognitive skills enhancement of male and female science learners. The study is experimental in nature. Results of the study are tested at significance level alpha: a = 0.05. After conducting pre-tests, treatment and post-tests, it is found that the post-test results of male and female science students are better than their pre-test. It is also found that the cognitive skills enhancement score of both genders of students of experimental group is higher than the score of both genders of students of control group on the basis of post-tests scores. It is also found that there was no difference between cognitive skills enhancement score of male students of experimental group and that of female students of experimental group on the basis of post-tests scores. Consequently, it is concluded that the use of e-learning media has considerable positive effect on the achievement of male and female science students and it enhances their cognitive skills, but no considerable difference was observed between the cognitive skills enhancement of male and female students using e learning media. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar (Education), STED Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad,Pakistan. Associate Professor, IER, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-E-Learning-Media-on-Cognitive-Skills-Enhancement-of-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Delimitation of the Central Business District Peshawar (Pakistan) Amjad Ali Sher Muhammad Malik Mushtaq Ahmad Jan Central Business District (CBD) Commercial Activities Retailing Central Business Uses; non-Central Business Uses Geo-spatial The present study identifies the limits and pattern of commercial activities within CBD of Peshawar. Retailing is topmost paying commercial activity and occupies the highest bid-rent location in the city. The Central Business District (CBD) is the retail heart of the city. The spatial arrangement of commercial activities happens to be very complex and their limits are dynamic in the CBD of Peshawar. The land value, rent values, taxation system, commuter behaviour, nature and transformation of commercial activities are directly dependent on this spatial arrangement and delimitation of CBD. The methodology adopted for this study is the combination of traditional rules/methods with modern tool of GIS. The results for spatial arrangement of commercial activities and delimitation of CBD are more precise which can enable the city planners and investors to achieve better sustainable development in city and regional context. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management (CDPM), University ofPeshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management (CDPM), University ofPeshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Delimitation-of-the-Central-Business-District-Peshawar-(Pakistan) https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Geographic, Ethnic and Linguistic Composition of Afghanistan: Methodological rich points of Language Policy and Planning Ayaz Ahmad Sana Hussan Safiullah Afghanistan Methodological Rich Points Language Policy and Planning Afghan Ethnic Composition Afghan Linguistic Composition Afghan Geography LPP This paper evaluates the Language Policy and Planning's (LPP) Methodological Rich Points (MRP) in the geographic, ethnic and linguistic composition of Afghanistan. The theoretical construct is taken from the work of Nancy H. Hornberger on MRP in LPP. The paper explores a range of primary and secondary sources, and finds that the presence of inequality, marginalization and oppression in intra-ethnic and intralanguage group relations, sharing of resources and power account for neglect of the MRP in Afghan LPP. The geographic details in conjunction with explanation of historical process of migrations and conquests explains that most of the minority language speakers are concentrated in the difficult to reach areas of Afghanistan for their safety. Further, the limiting factors of Afghan geography explains the preservation of minority languages from the effects of majority languages. The study concludes with the proposal that it would be helpful to avoid the pitfalls of the current LPP in future by giving due attention to MRP. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Geographic-Ethnic-and-Linguistic-Composition-of-Afghanistan-Methodological-rich-points-of-Language-Policy-and-Planning https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of District Ranking System on Students Achievement Score in PEC Exams Ghulam Qambar Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan District Ranking System Cheating in PEC Exam Students’ Achievement Score Data about functioning capability of schools and students’ achievement is collected through program monitoring and implementation unit (PMIU). It shows satisfactory trends about the performance of schools and students’ achievement scores in PEC exam. But, its correctness is questionable in many aspects because of having no auditing system or third-party validation. This paper investigates the influence of district ranking system on students’ achievement score in PEC exam by using cheating in PEC exam as a mediator. The data were collected from 300 students who recently passed PEC exam from 10 schools by using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. 10 focus group interviews were also conducted from teachers of these schools. Hence mixed method approach was used in this study. Data was analyzed in SPSS and PROCESS. The results of the study reveal that district ranking system has significant positive influence on students’ achievement score in PEC exam. District ranking system also has significant positive impact on cheating in PEC exam. Furthermore, cheating in PEC exam partially mediates the relationship between district ranking system and students’ achievement score. The results suggest that quantitative target achieving behavior overlooks other important aspect of schools’ performance and focus only on few indicators. Additionally, monitoring system and PEC assessment system have failed to provide accurate, valid, reliable, trustworthy and practical data over school and students’ performance. These performance measuring systems need consistent audit and third-party validation to ensure the correctness of data. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University ofOkara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara,Okara.Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-District-Ranking-System-on-Students-Achievement-Score-in-PEC-Exams https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of QEC Leaders Intellectual Competencies on Quality Enhancement of Higher Education Institutions M Iftikhar Ali Umbreen Ishfaq Riaz Ahmed Quality Enhancement QEC Managers Leadership Intellectual Competencies This study investigates the impact of QEC Leaders' intellectual competencies on Quality Enhancement of Higher Education Institutions - HEIs and Universities. Quantitative data from QEC Officials of public and private sector universities in Islamabad is collected. QEC Leaders' intellectual competencies were measured by adapting Leadership Dimension Questionnaire (LDQ) from Dulewicz and Higgs (2005, 2008). Quality Enhancement was measured by using Quality Enhancement Questionnaire (QEQ) developed by HEC QAA (2006). A survey questionnaire based methodology was used to collect data from QEC Leaders of public and private universities of Islamabad. Correlation and regression analyses were used to test research hypotheses. Findings imply that QEC Leaders' strategic perspective significantly contribute towards Quality Enhancement generally and specifically towards Implementation of SA Mechanism. Furthermore, QEC Leaders possessing strong vision and imagination competencies have significant influence on Empowering QEC and high ranked QEC to contribute in the Quality Enhancement. Leadership competencies are the basic elements contributing for betterment of performance of an organization and quality enhancement. A vital role is played by the QEC Leaders for achieving organizational objectives and goals to enhance quality of Institutions and provide conducive working environment which ultimately encourages the attitudes, behaviors and motivates the followers. This study was limited to examine relationship between QEC Leaders' intellectual competencies and Quality Enhancement of HEI's in Islamabad. Further research is suggested to validate this model all QECs of Pakistan. Findings provide implications for academicians and QEC professionals to formulate policies for improving Quality of Education in Pakistan. The study provides directions for future research. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-QEC-Leaders-Intellectual-Competencies-on-Quality-Enhancement-of-Higher-Education-Institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Negotiating Identity of a Teacher and Teacher Leader in Teaching English to the Speakers of Other Languages Evidence from Literature Sayyed Rashid Shah Rooh Ul Amin Hussain Ahmad Identity Professional Identity Identity Development Teacher Leaders TESOL Contexts The aim of this theoretical paper is to understand the meaning of identity and it is shaping at the workplace. While focusing on teacher leaders’ professional identity, this paper examines the notion of identity, and its development in education settings. The notion of identity formation determines teacher identity formation and teacher leaders’ identity development in various contexts. The paper reviews literature on how teachers evolve their leadership identity as a result of personal characteristics integrated into external and internal factors. This assimilation contributes to the process of identity formation. Personal attributes include credibility as a competent classroom teacher, intrinsic motivation for leadership, ability to create a positive school culture, utilization of the past experiences and having knowledge of the field. Other factors include influence of context or school culture, professional support available at work, appreciation and guidance from senior leadership, leadership models or structures in schools, professional learning communities, campus-based professional development courses or programs, professional networking and collegial practices in the school. The reviewed literature also indicates that teacher leadership identity is an important aspect of teacher professional development, particularly in the UK and the US school settings. The review also brings up the significance of teachers as leaders and highlights how teachers shape their leadership identity while working in school context. As this review identifies lack of research on teacher leaders’ identity formation in TESOL contexts as well as higher education institutions, it concludes with suggestions for future research in the said field. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, English Language Institute King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, SaudiArabia. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, English Language Institute, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Negotiating-Identity-of-a-Teacher-and-Teacher-Leader-in-Teaching-English-to-the-Speakers-of-Other-Languages-Evidence-from-Literature https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Make-Belief in Language and Verity of Legitimized Oppression: A Critical Analysis of Selected Extracts From Anita Shreve's Body Surfing Abdul Waheed Qureshi Rab Nawaz Khan Critical Discourse Analysis Fairclough Construction Oppression Reality Truth The research in hand is a textual analysis of the novel Body Surfing by Anita Shreve which explains the role of language in the construction of an ideology as reality. The aim is to highlight the construction of a certain concept or ideology as a dominant truth claim in society through discourse and how is it blindly followed by all the members without the least strife to change that socalled dominant ideology. Language as a major agent in the construction and perpetuation of an ideology is forever the discourse of those who are in power. This research will propound the discourse active behind the verity of 'oppression' done to women as taken-for-granted and fair. By employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as research method, the study will critically examine the role of language in legalizing women oppression. We have cultivated the idea of 'women as weak' into something real, that has come to us generation after generation, through language. This supposition provides theoretical underpinnings for the research, which is arrived at through CDA by treating language post-structurally. The literature analyzed highlights the role of language in the process of meaning-making by considering it to convey reality. The various words and phrases from the extracts in hand with contextual and conceptual affiliation, are dealt with under the backdrop of Fairclough's (1992) Three Dimensional Model of CDA, which results in the recognition of oppression thought as legitimate by the ultimate use of language. The analysis done under the backdrop of poststructuralism will show that language is not the depiction of maximum reality rather; it is we, the users of language, who make it real by considering some concepts as truth and others as myth. The paper concludes that the opposite gender is actually oppressed and that this oppression is not given, rather the constructed one. CDA challenges this oppression and declares it the work of language only. It (language) has no signs of reality, subsistence or truth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Make-Belief-in-Language-and-Verity-of-Legitimized-Oppression:-A-Critical-Analysis-of-Selected-Extracts-From-Anita-Shreves-Body-Surfing https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Bid for Nuclear Suppliers Group Membership: A Critique of Pakistan's Diplomacy Shamaila Farooq Saima Gul Nuclear Suppliers Group Nuclear Proliferation Treaty Missile Technology Control Regime International Atomic Energy Agency CTBT Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority This paper attempts to analyze Pakistani policy positions through interviews from academic experts and officials of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Islamabad, and secondary sources including media reports, research journals and onlire resources. Since India's bid for the membership of Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) in June 2016, an intense debate has started over its impact on the stability of South Asia and its effects on Pakistan's nuclear strategy with respect to India. This paper focuses on how this has effected Pakistan's policy options; how Pakistan raised this issue in the past at international level to build up a counter-narrative against India's move. With realignment on membership in NSG for India based on criteria-based approach makes Pakistan's position as a center of gravity in the context of this campaign demanding for a firm diplomatic and political resolve. Failure in this aspect may result in losing Pakistan's case for membership in future. The analysis presents recommendations in light of comparing views for future measures. Humanity Publications Director Media and Publications, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, KP,Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Bid-for-Nuclear-Suppliers-Group-Membership:-A-Critique-of-Pakistans-Diplomacy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Households Energy Consumption Pattern and Demand in Pakistan Zahoor Ul Haq Sajjad Javed Iqbal Household Energy Demand Elasticities LA-AIDS Energy Consumption Pattern Pakistan This study examined household energy consumption pattern in Pakistan using Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). Price and expenditure elasticities estimated for the energy demand using a household income and expenditure data of the year 2011-12. The energy consumption expenditure pattern of rural and urban region is different. The study reveals that electricity is the most important and highly consumable source of energy for the household living in the country. Electricity and natural gas are the highly consumed fuel in the urban areas, whereas, electricity and firewood in the rural areas. The energy consumption expenditure is inelastic with respect to changes in income except for firewood for urban region. All the estimated expenditure elasticities of the energy types were found less than one indicating that energy consumption is the necessity for the household Humanity Publications Professor and Dean, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan,KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar (Economics), Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan,KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Households-Energy-Consumption-Pattern-and-Demand-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Manifestation of Gender-Binaries in Pakistani Television Commercials: A Semiotic Analysis Muhammad Haseeb Nasir Muhammad Safiullah Sana Hussan Semiotics TV Commercials Gender-binaries Representation The current study investigates the prevalent gender-binary narrative in Pakistani television commercials. It tends to portray the dominant gender representational mechanisms which are implicitly employed by the advertisers. Television commercials, having the power to (re)frame the ideology of larger audience through visual/linguistic content and agency to pave the way for social change have become one of the most viable social institutions of disseminating information to a wider audience. The theoretical underpinning of the study is based on the theory of semiotics outlined by Dyer in “Advertising as Communication”. Semiotics is considered a critical tool for investigating meaning making process in media discourse because of its wideranged acceptability and reliability. The data for the current study comprise television commercials which are broadcast on popular Pakistani television channels. The sampling technique is purposive in nature including only those commercials which largely reflect gender representation. The study finds the commercials presenting layers of meanings at symbolic level of semiotic modes where men and women are displayed in stereotypical manner, subscribing to patriarchal structures. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil. Scholar (English), Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Manifestation-of-Gender-Binaries-in-Pakistani-Television-Commercials:-A-Semiotic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Size, Value and Momentum in Pakistan Equity Market: Size and Liquidity Exposures Romana Bangash Faisal Khan Zohra Jabeen Size Liquidity Momentum premium Asset pricing model. The study inspects the size and liquidity pattern in Pakistan equity market. Sample size contains 278 non-financial firm's monthly data listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2001 to 2012. This study uses three asset pricing models (eq.5), (eq.6) and (eq.7). Four factors asset pricing model estimates that momentum factor is positively and negatively linked with winner and loser stocks, both in size and liquidity patterns. Although it is observed that the presence of size and liquidity does not affect the coefficient results but average value of momentum premium in larger in liquidity than size pattern. Further, the study reveals high average stock returns on momentum strategy in liquidity pattern than size that is 8.05% Vs 6.67%, respectively. Results of this study contradicts Fama and French (2012) who concluded that size pattern in momentum factor outperform the equity market. But this study conclude that liquidity pattern outperforms the size pattern in momentum factor. This study raises the question that should investors and academicians consider size or liquidity pattern in momentum factor for high returns and future research? Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, IM Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, IM, Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IM Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Size-Value-and-Momentum-in-Pakistan-Equity-Market:-Size-and-Liquidity-Exposures https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluating Role of International Actors in the Balochistan's Unrest Mariam Asif Ahmed Saeed Minhas Bashir Ahmad Balochistan Instability International Actors CPEC This paper attempts to analyze the role of international actors in detail and how these states have contributed to the existing situation in the province. Overall, the research is an effort to categorically analyze the domestic as well as international factors behind the instability in Balochistan. Balochistan prominently configures the foreign policies of different states due to the interests and stakes involved in the volatile province. In terms of the transnational factors, there are few factors which have enhanced the significance of the province in the contemporary times, like War on Terror and the emerging economic and geostrategic importance of the province. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has increased the significance of Balochistan, also. At the same time, this increased significance has posed internal challenges for the inhabitants of the province who are of the view that the effects of the development should be visible across the board and the locals should be given their due share. The nationalist movement in Balochistan has developed greater contacts with their co-ethnics in the neighboring countries. Among the foreign powers, the role of India, Afghanistan, China, USA and the Middle East are of great concern. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Politics and International Relations (SPIR), Quaid-e- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Faculty Member, Institute for Strategic Studies, Research and Analysis (ISSRA), National Defence University (NDU), Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Evaluating-Role-of-International-Actors-in-the-Balochistans-Unrest https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Development of Indo-Afghan Relations in Political Economic and Social Aspects Post 9/11 Scenario; Implication for Pakistan Sarwat Sultana Sami Noor Fatima Syed Ali Shah Afghanistan Economic India Investment Pakistan Political Social Indo-Afghan relations are developing with accelerated pace post 9/11. Indian increasing involvement in Afghanistan is a matter of grave concern for Pakistan. Indian investment in Afghanistan aims; to minimize Pakistan’s influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan and to access Central Asian Republic’s markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. India is investing in political, economic and social sectors in Afghanistan and successful in creating a soft image of Indians in Afghans heart. Keeping in view this scenario, study of this situation was a good case. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan all three have many observations regarding each other and none of them accept it. Due to the physical presence of United States in Afghanistan for more than a decade, peace in the area is still a dream come true. Therefore, it was an interesting study to understand the dynamics of Indo-Afghan relations and its implications for Pakistan. Neo realism theory is applied in this study. Humanity Publications PhD Research Scholar, IR & Politics Department, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Acting Chairperson, IR & Politics Department, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Development-of-Indo-Afghan-Relations-in-Political-Economic-and-Social-Aspects-Post-9-11-Scenario-Implication-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Electronic Media on Pakistan's Security Sarwat Rauf Inayat Kalim Muhammad Mubeen Media Security Social Society Terrorism TV Internet State To control the mindset of any society, media plays an important role due to its ability to transfer information and thereby transform societies. Electronic media which thrives on conspiracies, has not lost its importance and TV is still a popular means of communication. By virtue of technological innovations, electronic media has a vast impact on all segments of society (exposure to modern technology and becoming vulnerable). In the contemporary world, terrorism is a major security threat in Pakistan. Continuous open electronic media coverage of issues occur with inherent bias. Against this backdrop, the role of media becomes crucial as the media agenda is gradually turning into the public agenda. Electronic media is inherently biases to the opinions of those reporting the situation. Admittedly, media can influence a large chunk of society. Importantly, Pakistan’s private TV channels while giving an insight to the audience, intentionally or unintentionally, may drive a negative mindset and give birth to perceived security threats. This paper attempts to ascertain the complex connection between security and the electronic media and also highlights the negative impacts of media on the security of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Head of Department, IR Program, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Electronic-Media-on-Pakistans-Security https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Role of Fun in Organizational Commitment, Creative Performance, and Job Stress: A Case of Higher Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Muhammad Tufail Nazim Ali Sardar Alam Khan Fun at Workplace Organizational Commitment Creative Performance Job Stress Humor Any organization desires to have an environment of less job stress, committed employees, and impressive performance in every dimension of their organization. The study at hand is designed to find how fun is related to organizational commitment, creative performance, and job stress. The study is qualitative in nature and used a single case-study design as a research strategy. The target population is an institution of higher studies. Sixteen faculty members from the institute participated. The faculty members were interviewed to find out the relationship of fun with the aforementioned constructs. Findings indicated that people had felt more commitment towards the organization due to fun at the workplace. Fun also proved to be instrumental in enhancing creative performance and reducing job stress. The study provides incentivize directions to institutions and make employees productive cum creative performers. Along with the implementers the policymakers can take benefit from the study. Humanity Publications Lecturer in Management Sciences, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Role-of-Fun-in-Organizational-Commitment-Creative-Performance-and-Job-Stress-A-Case-of-Higher-Education-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Licit Weapons as a Source of Instability - Implementing Domestic Legislations & Reforms in Pakistan Salma Malik Small Arms & Light Weapons Darra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Deweaponization MQM LEAs In the Contemporary Conflicts of the post-Cold War period, the question of what comes first, Conflict or Weapons, becomes irrelevant in the face of the quantity and sophistication arms available to actors involved. Pakistan is a country that shows many of the symptoms which are a characteristic of small arms diffusion into the larger social fabric. Given the complex nature of politics, the country is affected not only by external but domestic sources and drivers that have complicated the issue over the decades. For academic purposes, these sources and problems can broadly be divided into four categories canvassing the range of regulated and non-regulated drivers and causes both at the domestic as well as external level. The study aims to examine at length the impact of how regulated sources of SALW in the private armament sector have gradually emerged and cast an impact on the security profile of the country. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence & Strategic Studies, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/licit-weapons-as-a-source-of-instability-implementing-domestic-legislations-reforms-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Islam and Women Parliamentary Representation in Pakistan Saiqa Jabeen Shouket Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Islam Women Representation Parliament Legislation Pakistan There are various perspectives and interpretations regarding an interaction of religion and women's parliamentary Representation. In Pakistan,the religious debate started since its inception in 1947. The religious debates translated into objectives resolution and were adopted by the constituent assembly in 1949. Women parliamentary Representation remained a complex phenomenon due to the religiously dominated cultural sphere. However, the initiatives towards women's Representation started in the 1920spassed through different challenges and opportunities. The constitutions of Pakistan from 1956 to 1973 have also incorporated relevant sections regarding women's Representation. A significant issue merged in the 1990s in Pakistan when the constitutional mechanism regarding women's Representation lapsed. The global initiatives on women's political Representation were the major milestone that influenced Pakistan politics in 2000. During this period, gender-equal participation in the decision-making process was brought at the center of political debate. During the Musharraf regime, women parliamentary share increased up to 20percent on reserved seats. This paper is anattempt to explore women's Representation in Islamic perspectivesand their contributions to women. The result of this qualitativeresearch shows that women parliamentarians are primarilyrepresenting their own political parties and class in decision-making bodies Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Islamic and Religious Studies, Hazara University-Mansehra, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (UK). 2018-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/islam-and-women-parliamentary-representation-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy as Counter-terrorism Measure in Contemporary International Politics Noor Fatima Zahid Ali Khan Soft Power Image Nation Branding Public Diplomacy Cultural Diplomacy Public diplomacy lies at the heart of modern development of information age and shapes the concept of social and political thought. This paper analysis the concept of soft power vis-a-vis counter terrorism strategy of nation states and discusses the significance of the soft power and public/cultural diplomacy in building image, nation branding and ultimately building a narrative. It will bring the reference point of Pakistan on the issue of relevance with today's world at the same time carrying a negative image of terrorist state. This paper establishes co-relation between nation branding and public diplomacy. Since the hard power is meeting with failure in order to curb the terrorism, there is limitation of state capacity to use hard power in bringing the structural changes needed for curbing terrorism. The paper recommends that there is a great need for revisiting religious narrative that extremists invoke for justification of their acts. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Politics & IR, International IslamicUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan. Professor & Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Paksitan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/soft-power-and-cultural-diplomacy-as-counter-terrorism-measure-in-contemporary-international-politics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Foreign Languages' Planning in the Post-Taliban Afghanistan Ayaz Ahmad Sana Hussan Muhammad Safiullah Afghanistan Foreign Languages Language Planning English French German Russian. This paper analyses the management of foreign languages in the language planning of Afghanistan after the fall of Taliban. The analyses assess the suitability of foreign languages performing developmental and peace-making roles in domains where distribution of power is contested by the Afghan ethnolinguistic groups. Primary data of the paper comes from a questionnaire based survey and followup interviews. Analysis reveals the presence of various modern languages such as French, German, Russian and English in Afghanistan. The acceptance of foreign languages especially English is overwhelming in Afghanistan. Among foreign languages, English happens to be the most vigorous and promising language. However, a significant portion of Afghans oppose the growing influence and power for the foreign languages in Afghanistan. The paper notes, an uneven spread of English as the dominant foreign language in Afghanistan. Therefore, foreign languages' role in development and peacemaking may not be achieved due to lack of equal access. The paper recommends a wide-range of interventions to help in making foreign languages a resource for development and peacemaking. The intervention includes social, economic and political equality and equal opportunities in learning of foreign languages. It is also emphasised that the promotion of local languages is not to be affected by the availability of foreign languages. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar (English), Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Foreign-Languages-Planning-in-the-Post-Taliban-Afghanistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Socio-Psychological Orientations in English Language Learning: A Study of Graduate Level Students Muhammad Riaz Khalid Kamran Qaiser Abbas Hashmi ESL EFL Attitude Integrative Motivation Instrumental Motivation The study examines socio-psychological orientations of students of technical education (commerce colleges, technology colleges, Technical training institutes, and vocational training institutes) towards the learning of English language. The study emphasizes the social psychological variables of attitude and motivation. In technical education the syllabus of English is different from the institutes of general education. The students of general education study English language till the last year of their graduation, while the students of commerce education study functional English in the 3rd year and business communication in 4th year. These courses relate to business correspondence. The study finds that students of technical education concentrate on learning of English for its utilitarian purpose. It is due to the reason that the absence of inadequate language policy and linguistic reality of Pakistan impact these essential socio- psychological elements of the student and his view point about English language learning. Further, students also like to learn English language due to 'instrumental' purpose or for the purpose to acculturate themselves with the target language society. Humanity Publications Lecturer of English Language, Government College of Commerce Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Instructor of English, Government Sadiq College of Commerce Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan PhD Scholar (English), Department of English, BZU, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Socio-Psychological-Orientations-in-English-Language-Learning:-A-Study-of-Graduate-Level-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Terrorist Incidents and Trade Zahoor Ul Haq Zia Ullah Javed Iqbal Terrorism incidents War Against Terrorism South-South Trade North-North Employing a trade flow data from 1990 to 2013 within 50 countries, this study estimates terrorism effects on trade. The trading countries are grouped as trading partners (a) within developing countries (i.e. South-South), (b) within developed countries (North-North) or (c) within developed and developing countries (i.e. North-South). The analysis shows that all the standard gravity-type variables carry expected sign while the terrorism effect on trade is recorded significant on statistical grounds and negative when South trades with North. Humanity Publications Professor & Dean, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistat Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Terrorist-Incidents-and-Trade https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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National Plan for Devolution of Power under 18th Amendment: Challenges for Government in the New Pakistan Sajida Begum Muhammad Imran Ashraf Waseem Ishaque Federalism Provincial Autonomy 18th Amendment Challenges New Pakistan History of the politics of agitation and protest indicate that political agitation has always been converted from any point to the issue of provincial autonomy in Pakistan. The case of Pakistan Tehrik-E-Insaf (PTI), on alleged rigging after the general elections of 2013 also suggests that the protest after general elections 2018 would at last be transformed from rigging to demanding the redressal of provincial grievances over devolution of power under 18th amendment. Since, provincial governments including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) had continuously been registering grievances about the transfer of liabilities without transferring corresponding assets and resources to provinces. In current scenario under the slogan of 'New-Pakistan' the registering of complaints by political leadership against federation though the card of provincial autonomy would have more and prolonged potential and attraction for the general public rather than merely protest on rigging. Therefore, the biggest challenge for the government in new Pakistan would be addressing the provincial issues. Because sooner or later the protest led by opposition political parties over rigging in 2018 elections would be transformed within one year into the protest for provincial issues. In the backdrop, this study highlights the challenges for newly established government of PTI in-terms of center-province relations over provincial autonomy. Further, conventional approach of federalism (extreme centralized federalism) still prevails in Pakistan which ultimately poses impediments to center-provinces virtuous working relations. That’s why it would be significant to investigate that on what issues working relation between federal and provincial governments may potentially be deteriorate. Political and economic measures have also been suggested in this study for PTI government to address the regional grievances and disparity in New-Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of IR, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of IR, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/National-Plan-for-Devolution-of-Power-under-18th-Amendment:-Challenges-for-Government-in-the-New-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effects of Integrated lessons on Learning Urdu Language Skill of Students at Primary Level Naseem Zaidi Sufiana Khatoon Integrated lesson Integrated Instruction primary level students Effectiveness traditional instruction The study explores the effectiveness of integrated and traditional instruction method in developing reading and writing skills in Urdu language at primary level. As an experimental study it used Pretest, post-test and control group design in finding these effects. The researcher developed integrated instruction model for Urdu language by combining contents of Urdu and Islamic Studies by adopting multidisciplinary approach. Lesson plans were prepared by the researcher according to the integrated instruction model to teach the primary level students. In order to measure the performance of the students, teacher made achievement test was prepared by the researcher. The validity of the developed instrument was checked through expert opinion and reliability was checked through pilot testing. This experimental work was carried out for sixteen weeks in a public sector primary level school in Islamabad. Population of experiment was grade IV students. Seventy-six students were selected from class IV for experiment through the draw method. Students were assigned to experimental and control group after their performance in Pre-Test. Experimental group was taught through integrated instruction method while control group was taught through traditional instruction method. After the completion of the experimental period post-test was administered. The data were collected through teacher made achievement test. Data were then analyzed applying independent t-test. The results of study revealed that integrated learning was more effective in developing basic skills of reading and writing of Urdu language in students at primary level as compared to the traditional instruction method. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor & Dean of Social Sciences, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Integrated-lessons-on-Learning-Urdu-Language-Skill-of-Students-at-Primary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Earning of Women in Education Sector District Peshawar (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Fazli Qadir Muhammad Tariq Muhammad Jehangir Multinomial Logistic Model Education Sector Working Women Earnings This paper overviews socio-economic factors as determinants of working women earnings in education department of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, a primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 126 working females in September, 2017. Multinomial logistic regression technique has been used for the estimation of results. The main findings of the study are that education, experience, family income, and locality of job area showed positive relationship with working women earnings. However, marital status remained insignificant. Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended that females are significantly contributing in family expenditures. Therefore, government should invest more in female’s education and prioritize it. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Economics), Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Role-of-Socio-Economic-Factors-in-Earning-of-Women-in-Education-Sector-District-Peshawar-(Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa) https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Evaluation of Chemistry Curriculum at Secondary Level and Objectives of National Curriculum of Chemistry 2006 Batool Fatima Umbreen Ishfaq Tehseen Tahir Curriculum Objectives Evaluate Global needs The study evaluates chemistry curriculum at the secondary level. Chemistry is the science subject which help in technological advancement. It deals with the study of composition, structure, properties, and different changes which take place in matter. There are different careers in chemistry such as in food processing, industries, health etc. The progress of any country depends on the achievement in the field of chemistry. The successes of these reforms are associated with chemistry curriculum. Therefore, this study re-examines the objectives of National Chemistry Curriculum 2006 and identifies the nature of implementation of chemistry curriculum. Questionnaire based data from 138 chemistry teachers (male and female) teaching at secondary level in District Haripur determined that modern teaching techniques are required in teaching chemistry. So, it is recommended to improve curriculum at regular intervals according to global standards. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar (Education), Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Evaluation-of-Chemistry-Curriculum-at-Secondary-Level-and-Objectives-of-National-Curriculum-of-Chemistry-2006 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Analysis of Insurgency in Afghanistan (2001 - 2016) Muhammad Tariq Manzoor Khan Afridi Ahmed Saeed Minhas Insurgency Taliban Afghanistan Threats Afghanistan has been wrapped in insurgency since the Russian withdrawal in 1979, followed by civil war. The emergence of Taliban to power with their self-styled type of imposition of Islamic law compelled the great powers to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. September 2001 was a turning point in the history of Afghanistan as the NATO forces made their entry under the garb of security. The establishment of a democratic government in the country could not help in uprooting terrorism and insurgency from the country. Since the period of Russian Withdrawal, the country witnessed different eras of Taliban and the democratic governments coupled with the NATO mission. It is a fact that during the long stay of the presence of coalition forces in Afghanistan, insurgency could not be completely uprooted since new threats from different groups of insurgents have overpowered the country. Some of the provinces are hit hard by insurgency and terrorism. Efforts to hold peace talks were always dashed to the ground when the ISAF started its military operations against the terrorists. Humanity Publications PhD (Political Science), Department of District Education, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & HoD, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar (IR), School of Politics and IR, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Analysis-of-Insurgency-in-Afghanistan-(2001--2016) https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Failure in the English Subject in Government High Schools for Boys in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Niamat Shah Niaz Muhammad Aijaz Muhammad Idris Failure English Subject Government High Schools Mardan District This descriptive study investigates the failure in the English subject to find out the causes of failure in the English subject in Government High Schools for Boys in district Mardan, so viable suggestions to overcome the failure rate in the English subject in district Mardan, KP Pakistan are proposed. The population of this research is all public high Schools of district Mardan, which were 380 in number. 64 schools were selected through Stratified sampling technique. Questionnaire as research instrument was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed, interpreted and results were shown in percentage in tabular form. The findings of the study highlighted the failure (33%) in English, (02%) Urdu and (04%) in Pakistan studies. Causes of failure like lack of qualified and well trained teachers, overcrowded classrooms, non-availability of language laboratories and A.V Aids, inappropriate teaching method and lack of Principals’ supervision were identified. At the end provision of qualified and competent teachers, facilities like language laboratories and A.V. Aids, principals’ Proper supervision of classrooms for teachers’ better performance are recommended. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor and HoD, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Failure-in-the-English-Subject-in-Government-High-Schools-for-Boys-in-District-Mardan,-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Religious Education: Teachers Perspective on Girls Samreen Mehmood Abdul Ghaffar Amir Zaman Madrasah education Religious schools Ethnography This paper identifies and investigates the general perceptions of public sector teachers of both urban and rural localities regarding girl’s religious education. This research also explores the reasons for those perceptions through understanding the personal experiences of teachers with girls who were going to get religious education. To get the deep insight of the phenomena ethnographic method of research was used. In depth interviews were conducted with urban teachers group and rural teachers group. Five steps thematic analysis was conducted to find out the results. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Religious-Education-Teachers-Perspective-on-Girls https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Classroom Observation: Linking Teacher Evaluation and Professional Development in TESOL Sayyed Rashid Shah Roohul Amin Hussain Ahmad Teacher Professionalism Professional Development Classroom Observation Teacher Evaluation This study examines the impact of increasingly challenging nature of classroom observation as part of teacher evaluation in English Language Teaching (ELT). This paper highlights the complex nature of evaluative classroom observation systems in various educational contexts. It also considers various issues that embody the challenging nature of classroom observation and teacher evaluation in connection to the professional development of teachers. In a small-scale study of Teaching of English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) professionals in Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, it adopts an interpretive approach and utilizes semi-structured interviews to collect data. The results, presented in four major themes provide a detailed account of teachers’ perceptions of the role of classroom observation in their professional learning and development. However, this development has not occurred due to the observation as a tool to elevate teaching and learning standards, alternatively, the managerial demands and the fear of being fired or transferred to remote campuses have stimulated teachers to develop professionally and offset this challenge. Despite their personal drive to professionalize themselves in a collaborative and professional culture, the challenge of observation still prevails owing to the teachers’ lack of autonomy and some insufficiently trained observers’ subjective approach. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, English Language Institute, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, English Language Institute, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Classroom-Observation:-Linking-Teacher-Evaluation-and-Professional-Development-in-TESOL https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of the Scholars Perception about Research in Public and Private Universities in Pakistan Nasrullah Khan Niaz Mohammad Aaijaz Mohammad Idris Comparison Public & Private University Thesis Research Process The base of a successful university in providing quality education and practical knowledge for improving the lives of the youths in terms of social, economical and intellectual development are only possible through promoting research culture. Research conduct and writing is the most important tool for identifying remedial recommendations for education and related problems. This research presents comparative analysis of the research in Public and Private Universities in Pakistan. The research identifies current research practices, their strengths and weaknesses and provides recommendations for improvement. Research supervision and writing are two different parts but in reality these are parts of a single activity which is called thesis writing process. In Pakistan, research culture is considered very difficult and complicated activity because scholars do not accept challenges and the supervisors do not take the required interest. The study highlights the areas where scholars and supervisors need improvement, more struggle, and scientific as well as academic zest. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Poonch - SC Kahuta, AJK. Assistant Professor & HoD, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Comparative-Analysis-of-the-Scholars-Perception-about-Research-in-Public-and-Private-Universities-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds: A Data Envelopment Analysis Romana Bangash Arif Hussain Muhammad Hassan Azhar Performance Evaluation Mutual Funds Data Envelopment Analysis This study conducts a regression analysis between the efficiency scores and the explanatory variables. Data was collected for explanatory variables like age of the mutual fund, size of fund family, number of funds in funds family, and volatility (beta). As this study used input oriented model, mutual funds were categorized and relatively evaluated on the basis of similar outcomes and inputs charged. Out of 44 mutual funds understudy, only 7 of the mutual funds were cost efficient. This indicates that nearly 37 of the mutual funds under study have more costs associated to them as compared to the return they are offering to the investors. It has been safely assumed that all the mutual funds, which are below the efficiency frontier, should compare themselves with the industry benchmark efficient mutual funds. In order to make these inefficient mutual funds reach the optimum and higher efficiency score, the fund managers should check every input and determine the slack they can afford to reduce the input without reducing the output generating from it. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MS Scholar (Management Sciences), Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Performance-Evaluation-of-Mutual-Funds:-A-Data-Envelopment-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Curriculum of Mathematics in Pakistan and International Standards: A Comparative Study Hafiz Mohammad Ather Khan Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Shahid Mehmood Curriculum Mathematics Curriculum which is considered as the main tool education cannot remain the same endlessly. With the expansion of spectrum of knowledge, upgrading of the curriculum is needed with the passage of time. It is nevertheless, the timely updates and restructuring of curriculum can enhance the standard of education. It is therefore, change in curriculum and comparative analysis of the curriculum has been a hot debated topic not only in Pakistan but also all around the world. Current design of the study can be used to analyze the curriculum of mathematics for secondary level of education prescribed by the Punjab Text Book Board. The sole purpose of this comparative study of mathematics is to better analyze the policy objectives of the subject of mathematics curriculum for education at secondary level in Pakistan. Secondly, the study was aiming to analyze curriculum processes while referring to certain objectives, content, methodology and assessment techniques. Thirdly, this research study was aiming to critically review the subject matter of mathematics while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the subject of mathematics taught at secondary level of education in Pakistan. Fourth, the aim of this research study is to explore the suggestions of curriculum specialists about the salability of the value of mathematics curriculum in education of secondary level in Pakistan. Fifthly, the study used to recommend measures to upgrade the curriculum of mathematics implemented for secondary school education in the country. The population under study comprised of teachers, students, opinion of national curriculum professionals and materials provided about the mathematics curriculum from the Curriculum Bureau in Provinces of Pakistan. Suggestions and recommendations are provided in the end of the research study while better concluding the results and findings in the end of the paper. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Curriculum-of-Mathematics-in-Pakistan-and-International-Standards:-A-Comparative-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Empowered Leadership and Employee Outcomes: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement Usman Ghani Muhammad Tahir Masood Zia Ur Rehman Empowering Leadership Employee Engagement Service Performance OCB Banking Sector of Pakistan Drawing on empowerment literature and intrinsic motivation, this study examines the relationship of empowering leadership and employee outcomes (service performance and organizational citizenship behavior; OCB), along with mediating role of employee engagement. Based upon data of 970 officer level employees working in banking industry of Pakistan, hierarchical regression results demonstrated that empowering leadership behavior is positively related to employee service performance and OCB. Further, the results also reveal employee engagement partially mediated the relationships between empowering leadership and employee behavioral outcomes. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (LMS), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Wah, Wah Cantt. Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, LMS Department, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Empowered-Leadership-and-Employee-Outcomes:-Mediating-Role-of-Employee-Engagement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Fear Appeals Reinforcement in Social Marketing and Inducement of Behavioral Change Farooq Ahmad Muhammad Kamran Naqi Khan Shazia Hassan Participatory Paradigm Fear Appeals Systematic Interaction Social Marketing Pakistan is signatory of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) where promoting good health is at the heart of achieving various goals. Social marketing has earned its credit worthiness quite convincingly in influencing behavior change. It is, however, pertinent to see nature of the challenges that social marketing program tend to address are quite complex and each social problem need to size up with broader social context rather merely using conventional approaches. Number of scholars has questioned approaches that have been barely successful in bringing perceptible improvement. This gap quite pervasive as most of the techniques employed used one way communication, persuasive techniques of communication. The paradigm of participation in social marketing has shown better results in bringing about sustained behavior change. This study uses broad categorization of fear appeals elements using the explanatory power of participatory paradigm to induce behavior change. Study participants were randomly selected from a Public Sector University. The participants were randomly assigned to study intervention. Study participants were given treatment based on fear appeals in groups, based on activity theory. The qualitative data drawn was analyzed using NVIVO. The different themes were explored were grouped into four categories using activity theory like activities produced by artifacts, activities produced by subjects, activities produced by rules and transformational activities. The participatory paradigm using systematic interaction proved key factors to reinforce fear appeals that enhanced the value for social marketing program to achieve sustainable behavior change. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Management Sciences), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Dean, Hamdard Institute of Management Sciences, Hamdard University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Leadership Studies, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Fear-Appeals-Reinforcement-in-Social-Marketing-and-Inducement-of-Behavioral-Change https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cost Effectiveness of Teachers Working at Government and Private Colleges Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Hafiz Muhammad Ather Khan Ghulam Qambar Government Private College Cost Effectiveness College Teachers The paper analyses cost and effectiveness of academic staff working at government and private colleges district Bahawalpur. Therein, it focuses, (a) comparison of cost between private and Government Colleges, (b) finding the sector which readily adopts new trends in education through costeffectiveness, (c) evaluates the use of resources in government and private college in terms of quality efficacy, and (d) compare the achievement in education in government and private sector by utilizing cost-effectiveness analysis. Survey approach was used for data collection. So, two separate questionnaires were developed on a five point Likert scale. Cost and effectiveness in government and private college were then reviewed. The sample was selected from the universe of teachers and Parents of Bahawalpur district. Data were then analysed and presented through means and t-test. Major findings of the study indicated government college teachers’ salary fall between 50,000 to 100,000 and private college salary 20,000 to 50,0000. Majority of teachers in both sectors teach undergraduate and graduate level classes. Very few teachers teach higher level classes. Government college teachers show more flexibility in their behaviour as claimed by respondents, than their private counterparts. Private college did superior work in the category of ethic than Government College. It is observed that private college teachers encourage the students learning by doing in the classroom more than Government College. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar(Education), Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Cost-Effectiveness-of-Teachers-Working-at-Government-and-Private-Colleges https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Prospects of Federalism in Pakistan Muhammad Tariq Muhammad Shoaib Malik Ghulam Qumber Federalism Units Constitution Council of Common Interest Federalism is created by a state having heterogeneous population with a desire to have provisions for adequate distribution of economic resources within a democratic form of government. The economic interaction is usually guaranteed by the constitutional arrangement of the land. The desire for the creation of a federation may be the economic interaction, interdependence on each other by the Centre and federating units. Proper distribution of powers between the Centre and Federating Units flourish when the residuary powers are vested in the federating units. The 18th Constitutional Amendment made a landmark in the history of Pakistan as it introduced a paradigm shift in the democratic set-up of the country. This shift had long been cherished by most of the mainstream political parties as it gives an opportunity to the ruling parties to complete the tenure of the government. Humanity Publications PhD (Political Science), Department of District Education, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Deputy Director, Research and Publications ISSRA National Defence University, Islamabad,Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Prospects-of-Federalism-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Causes of Teacher's Favoritism and Its Effects on the University Students: A Case Study Amjid Ali Dost Muhammad Khan Mujeeb Hussain Teacher‟s Favoritism Causes Effects Semester System University Students This study aims at exploring and examining the causes of teacher's favoritism and its effects on the university students. Quantitative tools are applied to collect data for the study and to check its reliability. The results of the data reveal that the teachers favor the students on the basis of gender, race, area, similar political ideology and family/blood relation. The study also indicates that a teacher's favoritism in the class affects boldness, mutual trust and respects between students and teacher which results in the student's struggle for favoritism instead of studies and academic achievements. Moreover, the students may opt for leaving the institute in which favoritism exists. The study also shows that both male and female students have the same opinions regarding different factors and effects of favoritism. The study concludes that the students' flair, potential, abilities and academic achievements should be emphasized as essential criteria for testing and evaluating the students' academic performance. It will, further, compel the students to focus on their studies, rather than on gaining teacher's favor. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar (Statistics), Department of Statistics Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Causes-of-Teachers-Favoritism-and-Its-Effects-on-the-University-Students:-A-Case-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Politics of Voice in the Stereotypical Representation of the Pashtun: A Critical Study of Khaled Hosseini’s Novels Rab Nawaz Khan Abdul Waheed Qureshi The Politics of Voice Discource Representation Categorization Stereotyping Critical Stylists The current study is an attempt to critically analyze the role and politics of voice in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns in terms of categorical and stereotypical representation of the Pashtuns. It is a critical discourse study (Norman Fairclough, 1989, 2018) of the selected data. Moreover, the data is viewed from the perspective of critical discourse studies. The novels under study are polyphonic in nature, and the characters belong to various Afghan ethnic backgrounds, like the Pashtuns, the Tajiks and the Hazaras. The study concludes that the novelist's choice of the characters with their respective voices and the roles assigned to them are political, ideological and somewhat biased. The Pashtuns have been stereotypically represented by categorizing them as the social, well-educated and more or less liberal Pashtuns, the tribal and traditionalist Pashtuns, extremist and fundamentalist Pashtuns, like Taliban. Misrepresentation of the tribal and fundamentalist Pashtuns as racists, ethnic nationalists, ideologists, sexists, exclusionists, traditionalists and power-abusers is indicative of the novelist's biasedness and exaggeration. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Politics-of-Voice-in-the-Stereotypical-Representation-of-the-Pashtun:-A-Critical-Study-of-Khaled-Hosseinis-Novels https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Wh-Movement Pattern in the Spoken Discourse of Teachers: A Syntactic Analysis Muhammad Saleem Fatima Alam Khan Aleena Zaman Academic Discourse Classroom Minimalism Spoken Language Syntactic Structures Wh-Movement This study investigates the syntactic structures of spoken discourse of teachers in academic discourse. The knowledge of syntactic structure of a language helps in understanding the spoken discourse. So, the study identifies the wh-Movement in the syntactic structures of teachers in English classroom sessions. The data was collected from two universities of Federal government, Pakistan. The one was Air University Islamabad and the second was National University of Modern Languages Islamabad. The data was collected through the recording tool where the English classroom sessions of the teachers were audio-recorded and transcribed. The analysis of data was quantitative and qualitative in nature. The frequency of wh-movement in the structures of recorded English spoken data was analysed quantitatively. In qualitative analyses, the transcribed data was analysed syntactically, keeping in view minimalist perspective, with the help of parsing rules and figures. The analyzed data shows that the teachers at undergraduate level use language where wh-movement is employed in syntactic structure of English used in classroom sessions. They move whexpression into other slots like internal merge and pied-pipe. However, the minimalist parametric unit, wh-movement, was found in the sentence structures of the teachers in the delivery of classroom sessions. So, the minimal pairs of sentence structure impacts different level of language. Humanity Publications MPhil. Scholar (English), Department of Humanities, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Independent Researcher (English), Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Graduate Scholar (English), Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Wh-Movement-Pattern-in-the-Spoken-Discourse-of-Teachers-A-Syntactic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Role of Peace Process in Mitigating the Trust-Deficit in PakAfghan Bilateral Relations. Huma Qayum Nargis Zaman Syed Ali Shah Trust-deficit Peace Process Pakistan Afghanistan High Peace Council Reconciliation The history of Pak-Afghan relations is dominated more by conflicts then by cooperation since emergence of Pakistan. In the ongoing pattern of peace process, it is proposed that Pakistan should pave the way to bring the Taliban on negotiation table for peace and stability in Afghanistan. The recent steps taken in the form of different Confidence Building Measures show flurry of diplomatic relationship in the emerging cordiality between the two countries. Diverse civil society groups of Pakistan are of the view that the drawdown of US forces from Afghanistan will ultimately create a power vacuum and plunge the country again into yet another civil war. Pakistan’s efforts to use its influence to bring the Taliban on table talk will smooth the way for peace, stability and prosperity of Afghanistan as well as security of the entire region. Keeping in view the geographical proximity of the two countries, Pakistan’s own vital interests are attached to peace and stability in Afghanistan. Pakistan took cognizance of this very fact and played highly constructive role in facilitating dialogue process in Afghanistan and improving bilateral ties of the two countries. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Role-of-Peace-Process-in-Mitigating-the-Trust-Deficit-in-PakAfghan-Bilateral-Relations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Language Learning Strategy Use and English Language Proficiency Akbar Ali Aleena Zaman Fatima Alam Khan Learning The present study has tried to probe the relationship between English language proficiency and the use of language learning strategies. The 450 participants, who were MA English final year/semester students, were taken from 6 different universities of the two provinces (Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) of Pakistan. The 50 item Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) was delivered to all the available and willing students in the class. The data obtained from SILL was analyzed via SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) by calculating the mean values for the three proficiency levels (low, medium and high proficiency). The data analysis revealed that there is a strong relationship between English language proficiency and the use of language learning strategies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Graduate Scholar (English), Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Independent Researcher (English), Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Language-Learning-Strategy-Use-and-English-Language-Proficiency https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction: A Confirmatory Study in the Banking Sector of Pakistan Atiatullah Nazim Ali Zahid Ali Job Satisfaction; Transformation al Leadership and Private Banking Sector The main purpose of the study was to identify TL 's effect on employees' JS Crosssectional research design was selected for the study. Study participants were 177 employees from forty-one (41) private banks of district Swat. The instrument used for the study were Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MQL) Form 6 developed by (Avolio and Bass, 1990), TL scale developed by Hartog, De Hoogh, and Kalshoven (2013) and JS scale developed by Spector (1994). A convenience sampling method was applied for data collection. Results of the study revealed a significant positive association between TL 's components (IM, IC, II, IS), and JS IM and IS were the best predictors of JS. Humanity Publications M.Phil ScholarDepartment of Management Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Transformational-Leadership-and-Job-Satisfaction-A-Confirmatory-Study-in-the-Banking-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Explore the Role of Educational Heads Regarding Secondary Schools: Perspective of Problems, Difficulties and Issues Syed Shafqat Ali Shah Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Abdul Majeed Khan Educational Heads Administration Problems Explore the Role of Educational Heads Regarding Secondary Schools: Perspective of Problems, Difficulties and Issues Syed Shafqat Ali Shah* Waqar Un Nisa Faizi† Abdul Majeed Khan‡ Education is a positive endeavor and a financial expenditure; generally considered to be a kind of training for life. The key objectives were (a) to examine the administrative problems of secondary school heads (b) to compare the problems of the secondary schools in the rural and the urban areas. The study population was all of the Gujrat District Secondary Schools. The research sample was 64 secondary schools, 32 of which were rural and 32 were urban. Out of 32 schools in the rural 16 boys and 16 girls were further educated. Similarly, boys were sixteen and girls were sixteen out of 32 urban schools. For the educational heads of secondary schools, a questionnaire was created for data collection. For the purpose of the analysis, the percentages are used. The key purpose of the study was to identify the administrative problems, faced by high school heads that were not in fact adequately responding to the needs of the students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha Mianwali Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/explore-the-role-of-educational-heads-regarding-secondary-schools-perspective-of-problems-difficulties-and-issues https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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US-Pakistan Relations in Retrospect: The Changing Geopolitical Landscape of South Asia Tasawar Baig Saadia Beg Asif Khan US-Pakistan Strategic Partnership Power Security Geopolitics Geo-Strategy A study of the 70 years of strategic relations between the US and Pakistan reveals that the main consideration in the partnership has always been security. Considering the changes in international politics that have a particular impact in the region-like China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the growing support for multilateralism-it is high time the two review this relationship and look beyond the security lens. Pakistan, population wise the sixth largest country, sits at the crossroads of major powers' interest due to its pivotal geographic location and natural resources. This study analyses various phases of the US-Pakistan relations in the region. The discussion finds Pakistan is a lynchpin for Central, South and West Asia connecting the East and West. Avoiding Pakistan shall be a gross diplomatic mistake by the US, rather a renewed partnership that thinks beyond the security of this region is required. The focus should on development, social, economic, and environmental challenges to explore opportunities for partnership between the US and Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/US-Pakistan-Relations-in-Retrospect-The-Changing-Geopolitical-Landscape-of-South-Asia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Agenda Framing of Social Issues in Pakistani Press: A Study of Daily Dawn and Daily Jang Muhammad Farooq Arshad Ali Agenda Setting Daily Dawn Daily JANG Framing News Treatment Social Issues Media shape public opinion. As a powerful tool of communication, it prioritizes issues and gives them coverage according through editorial judgment. Agendasetting theory explains how media influences the topics in public agenda. In 1968, McCombs and Donald Shaw studied presidential elections of the United States and established a strong relationship between election issue and media coverage. This study has used their theory of agenda setting to explain how two daily newspapers of Pakistan, Dawn and Jang has covered unemployment and energy crisis on their front and back pages during a time period of one year. Content analysis method is applied to investigate the treatment of news in both papers. Findings explain that Jang gave more coverage to these social issues as compared to Dawn. This study recommends more attention to social issues. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Agenda-Framing-of-Social-Issues-in-Pakistani-Press:-A-Study-of-Daily-Dawn-and-Daily-Jang https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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"What I am! A fiend!"- An Analysis of Chillingworth's Character in The Scarlet Letter in the light of Ghazalian Nafs e Ammara and Freudian Id Shumaila Mazhar Samina Amin Qadir Psychoanalysis Unconscious Conscience Nafs E ammara Id The present study attempts to explore the intricacies of human mind, as portrayed through Chillingworth's character in The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne. For an in-depth analysis, two legendary intellectuals i.e., Ghazali, the famous 11th century scholar of the Muslim world and Freud, the genius of 20th century, have provided the theoretical framework. The research design is based on thematic analysis of the selected novel. A detailed study of Ghazalain nafs e ammara and Freudian id guided the interpretation of the selected novel. The analysis of Chillingworth's perverted behaviour and degrading moral standards inside the parameter of the selected theories reveals Hawthorne's psychological insight. Besides, it also provides a cognizance into the current relevance of the psychological issues in modern world, thus, strengthening our belief in the similar workings of human mind, regardless of the variances in time and space. Moreover, the evidence from this study suggests that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying literary character has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, English Department, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Vice Chancellor, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/What-I-am-A-fiend-An-Analysis-of-Chillingworths-Character-in-The-Scarlet-Letter-in-the-light-of-Ghazalian-Nafs-e-Ammara-and-Freudian-Id https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Transition in Pakistani Political Norms of Society and Corruption Asad Ullah Mamoon Khan Khattak Mussawar Shah Corruption Social Values Political and Politicians The Messenger of ALLAH Almighty, the Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (peace be upon him) has said "Ar-Rashi Wal Murtashi Kila huma Finnar" that mean "the giver and taker of bribes (corrupt) will both go to the fire of hell". This research analyzes corruption's effect on existing social values in Peshawar region of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. A total of 150 respondents were selected as sample using stratified random sampling technique for study using Likert scale as measurement tool in interview schedule. The bi-variate and uni-variate analyses were made for reaching results. The existence of the effect of "corruption perception" as independent variable's effects were assessed on the "social values in political institutions" as dependent variable by applying Chi-square test. Furthermore, Gamma (y) statistics' application was made for finding the bond and relationship's direction. It was concluded that a significant association prevails regarding corruption perception with organized corruption alliance between government servants and politicians (P=0.002), politicians who are corrupt do safeguard corrupt interests (P=0.000) and favoured political environment (P=0.000). Moreover, posting candid politicians on significant government posts (P=0.000), removing political influence form bureaucracy (P=0.000), making politicians accountable to agencies related to stopping corruption (P=0.000), recompensing politicians of honesty (P=0.033), sensitizing politicians to be aware of corruption (P=0.000) and applying court's judgements regarding reducing corruption (P=0.000) were found significantly associated with improving state of corruption. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor of Social Work & Chairman, Department of Social Work & Sociology, KUST, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Transition-in-Pakistani-Political-Norms-of-Society-and-Corruption https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Food Price Subsidy and its Effects on Poverty in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Sajjad Zahoor Ul Haq Zia Ullah Food subsidy poverty LA-AIDS Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan We estimate the effect of food price subsidy on poverty in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in this paper. The study uses Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System for the estimation of compensated and uncompensated price and expenditure elasticities of food using Household Integrated Economic Survey. The estimated own and cross price Hicksian elasticities are used for estimating the changes in the quantity of food consumed, expenditure on food and its effect on poverty. The study uses two recent available poverty lines for estimation, showing that the scheme of food price subsidy increase real income of the households which has a decreased poverty state. The analysis shows that the subsidy program marginally decreases poverty in the province. The study recommends targeted food price subsidy for poverty alleviation and eradicating chronic hunger. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Professor and Dean, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan. Assistant Professor, Tourism and Hospitality, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP,Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Food-Price-Subsidy-and-its-Effects-on-Poverty-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa,-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Perception of Transition on Assessment and Learning at Postgraduate level Nasrin Akhter Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Abdul Majeed Khan Assessment Semester System Annual System This study explores the students and teachers’ perceptions of transition in assessment from annual to semester system at university level. For collection of data two research tools i.e. questionnaire (students) and interview with teachers are used. The study finds that through assessment teachers get information about thinking of students and on which level they think. Assessment is helpful in making different educational policies. Assessment is effective to understand the working characteristics of students. If we assess curriculum, we modify it according to goals or standards. Assessment is a back bone of all education system. Mixed method was used to explore this research study. The responses from the questionnaire and interviews shows that the majority of the teachers and students agree annual examinations give better overall picture of learning progress. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mianwali Campus, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Perception-of-Transition-on-Assessment-and-Learning-at-Postgraduate-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Government Sector Performance of Pakistan, South Asia and 34 OED Countries-International Policy Issues in the Contemporary World Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman Ahsan Rafiq Waseem Ishaque Performance Indicator Public Sector Performance Evaluation OECD Pakistan The paper focuses on the various aspects especially as globally accepted fact is that social and key economic indicators are influenced by the government activities. Public Sector Performance and efficiency reflect government priorities. The paper evaluates the public sector performance of Pakistan by calculating the Public Sector Performance Index based on seven indicators and these seven indicators are further classified into two broad groups. Many international studies have carried out the performance evaluation of public sectors of industrialized countries missing the public sector performance of Pakistan with other countries. With the aim, Public Sector Performance of Pakistan was compared with countries of South Asia and some developed countries. The research analyzes the public sector performance indicators of countries to calculate the overall performance. The paper aims to compare public sector performance of Pakistan with South Asian Countries and members of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which currently includes 34 Countries. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Leadership and Management Sciences, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/government-sector-performance-of-pakistan-south-asia-and-34-oed-countriesinternational-policy-issues-in-the-contemporary-world- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Adult Literacy Centers on Women Social Lives in District Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case Study of NCHD Adult Literacy Program Itbar Khan Zafar Iqbal Choudhry Asghar Ali Adult Literacy Female Literacy NCHD Centers Literacy This study explores the impacts of adult literacy centers for woman in District Malakand. The students of adult literacy centers of District Malakand constitute the population of the study. There are 6 centers, three each for males and females. A group of 10 women in each female center was selected for focus group discussion. A sample of 30 individuals was taken with the help of Judgmental sampling. The primary data were collected with the help of a focus group discussion. Questions were asked from the participants keeping in view the objectives and relevant literature. The participants were inquired what they gained from the adult literacy program. During the group discussion Field notes were taken and the discussion was also recorded. After each group discussion the recorded data was transcribed verbatim. Data were verified by comparing the field notes and video. All transcriptions and field notes were thoroughly read by the researchers. Three stage approaches were adopted for data reduction. The narrative of the participants was changed into a simple description. Description was categorized under one theme. Representative quotations were also added to various response categories, themes and patterns emerging from the data. The participants showed positive response. They learnt basic reading, and writing, they could check the homework of their children, literacy brought awareness in their lives and this literacy program enabled them to start small business. Moreover, the centers provided an opportunity for socialization. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Adult-Literacy-Centers-on-Women-Social-Lives-in-District-Malakand-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa,-Pakistan:-A-Case-Study-of-NCHD-Adult-Literacy-Program https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role of Universities in Developing Citizenship among Students: The Case of Pakistan. Zia Ur Rehman Muhammad Iqbal Majoka Sadia Naz Citizenship University Graduates Civic Characteristics Civic Services Citizenship Development Citizenship as associated with educational learning facilitates getting ready our young graduates for the challenges and prospects of a changing world. Citizenship is becoming the key subject in teaching and learning. It is an entrance to a more comprehensive society. So, it is indispensable to explore the function of universities in developing citizenship among graduates. A survey research method is adopted. A questionnaire based study of a sample of fifteen hundred Master level graduates from fifteen public/private universities of Pakistan is therefore undertaken. Analysis of data revealed that a substantial number of the graduates having civic characteristics, were significantly in favor to develop sense of responsibility, leadership skills, curricular and co-curricular activities, knowledge of current World events, civic research and facilities, law and religious studies, civic literacy and ethical awareness, crime prevention and human rights. It is suggested that there should be no gap among learners, faculty and the management for humanizing the civic characteristics and the accessibility as well as sustainability of the civic services in the universities. The faculty and management may be dedicated to student centered learning and the course learning and deliberate conclusions may be focused. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Islamic & Religious Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Universities-in-Developing-Citizenship-among-Students:-The-Case-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Pakistani Firms' Efficiency: An Empirical Study of Pakistan Stock Exchange through Data Envelopment Analysis Muhammad Nisar Khan Adnan Ahmad Noor Jehan Data Envelopment Analysis Overall Technical Efficiency NonFinancial Sectors Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) This paper investigates listed firm efficiency on Pakistan Stock Exchange by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The reason for application and calculation of the DEA score is to know how much the firms are efficient in utilizing their resources to be converted into output (sales/Net Income). An optimization technique (DEA) that helps calculate efficiencies of firm’s decision making Units (DMU’s) by taking different inputs and outputs variables. This paper uses DEA in measuring efficiency of 136 Pakistani firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Using secondary data set of 136 firms for the period 2008-2017, efficiency measurements are calculated by using financial ratios and financial indicators as input and output variables. Results show that some of the firms are efficient in utilizing their available resources in an efficient way to convert it into output, while some are inconsistent in efficiently utilizing their resources (inputs) to get the desired outputs. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBL, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Pakistani-Firms-Efficiency-An-Empirical-Study-of-Pakistan-Stock-Exchange-through-Data-Envelopment-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Dimensions of Social Capital and Innovation Capabilities of Firms The Performance of Information Technology as a Mediator. Mohsin Bashir Muhammad Waseem Bari Syed Hassan Raza Social Capital Innovation Capabilities Social Exchange Theory Information Technology PLS-SEM IPMA This paper empirically inquire the relation of social capital dimensions (relational social capital, structural social capital, and cognitive social capital), organization innovation capabilities, and the performance of information technology (IT) as a mediator in the said relationships. A total of 263 workers of different management cadres from software SMEs (Zhongguancun Software Park, Beijing, China) were randomly selected. However, 143 respondents submitted the complete response. Thus, the response rate was 54%. For the empirical investigation, the present paper uses Partial Least Squares, Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) techniques to analyze the survey data. The direct and indirect relationship between dimensions of social capital and organizational innovation capabilities is significant. However, IT generates a partial mediation effect. IPMA highlights the importance of relational and structural social capital to innovation capabilities, however, IT is indicated as the key driver that trigger the effect of social capital on organization innovation capabilities. Future studies guidelines and limitations are explained at the end of this paper. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Business Administration, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Dimensions-of-Social-Capital-and-Innovation-Capabilities-of-Firms-The-Performance-of-Information-Technology-as-a-Mediator https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Establishment of Azad School Utmanzai and Anjuman-i-Islahul Afaghina: A Successful Methodology of Organizational Excellence (1921-1946) Mohammad Sohail Rani Gul Rukhshanda Mushtaq Anjuman-i- Islahul Afaghina Azad School Utmanzai North WestFrontier Province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa OrganizationalExcellence This historical paper explores the role of one of the indigenous educational movement of the British Indian North West Frontier Province, now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The movement 'Anjuman-i-islahul Afaghina' established in 1921 by Abdul Ghaffar Khan also known as Bacha Khan (1890- 1988) and his companions to educate the unprivileged Pakhtuns in the early decades of the 20th century. The Anjuman established 104 Azad schools in the settled as well as tribal territory to educate the nation in formal way, besides education and training was imparted through non formal mode, as well. The strength of the Anjuman was its organizational excellence in the shape of its components like propagation, fund raising, management committees, faculty of intellectuals, co-curricular activities, annual jamborees, conflict resolution committees, literary activities and social reformation. No doubt, the movement contributed to educate the unprivileged Pakhtun nation in ensuring the quantity as well quality of education. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-establishment-of-Azad-School-Utmanzai-and-Anjuman-iIslahul-Afaghina-A-Successful-Methodology-of-Organizational-Excellence-1921-1946 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Value Boosters or Dampers? Insights Of Corporate Governance Practices From Pakistan Abida Razzaq Ghulam Shabbir Khan Niazi Agency Theory Corporate Governance Earning per Share Entrenchment Shareholder Activism. Rampant corporate failures have placed corporate governance in the limelight again however not all governance practices help firms in enhancing value. This empirical research examines impact of corporate governance practices on shareholders' value represented by earning per share of 243 listed firms on Pakistani Bourse. It ensued in the conclusion that overall corporate governance tends to have significant impact on earnings per share and reveals dichotomy of corporate governance practices based on direction of their association with share holders' value and terms them as value boosters and value dampers. It has also been found that pro-entrenchment practices tend to lower earnings per share in the listed firms either due to complacency or vested interests while rest of the practices help in enhancing value earned on each share thus endorsing the theoretical perspectives emanating out of agency and shareholder activism theories. This study emphasizes the significance of Board Attendance, Board Independence, Non-duality of CEOChairman Role for listed firms' value. It also shows that entrenchment acts like larger boards, directors' ownership, large block holders and disclosure of such ownership can adversely impact the firms' value and thus play a significant role in scaring away the potential investors who primarily look at earnings per share for buying of stocks of a particular company. It entails policy implications that implementation of counter-entrenchment regulations needs strengthening as the existing seem to have cosmetic effect. Identification and implementation of good governance practices can be best ensured when propagated in the perspective of value enhancement. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Department of Leadership & Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Lahore Business School, University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Value-Boosters-or-Dampers-Corporate-Governance-Practices-Insights-From-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Low Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: Causes and Factors Zubaria Andlib Aliya H Khan Low FLFP Probit Model Pakistan has the lowest Female Labour Force Participation (FLFP) rate in the South Asian region. The study has used the latest round of Labor Force Survey 2014-15 and analyzed the individual and household factors that are associated with low FLFP in Pakistan. This study finds that there is less probability for urban women to take part in labor force activities. At national and regional level higher secondary and above levels of education have positive and significant relationship with FLFP whereas the situation is different for the four provinces of Pakistan. In case of Punjab province graduation and above levels of education are positively affiliated with FLFP, in Sind province higher secondary and above levels of education are positively associated with FLFP, in KPK province, matric and above levels of education are positively influencing FLFP decisions and in Baluchistan province primary and above levels of education are positively influencing women's decisions to participate in labor force activities. Women living in joint family systems, non-migrated, recipient of technical or vocational trainings are also more likely to participate in labor force activities. The study provides useful insights for policy makers to formulate appropriate policies to increase FLFP rate in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Prof. (R), School of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Low-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-in-Pakistan-Causes-and-Factors https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Myth of Downside Risk Based Capital Asset Pricing Model: Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries Syed Aziz Rasool Adiqa Kausar Kiani Noor Jehan Downside Risk CAPM Fama-MacBeth PSE BSE CSE DSE The study aims to empirically investigate the applicability of the downside risk based Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) for four south Asian countries e.g. Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Fama-MacBeth methodology is used for monthly data from January 2007 to December 2017. The results partially supported the predictors of the model for all the four equity markets and can be concluded that the downside risk based CAPM better suits the emerging equity markets. All market players may be benefited with the results concluded in the study. The region have large similarities and the setup of the equity markets is also quite identical, making them suitable for an integrated stock market. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Myth-of-Downside-Risk-Based-Capital-Asset-Pricing-Model-Empirical-Evidence-from-South-Asian-Countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Market Risk on Credit Risk of Subsequent Period in Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan Munawar Shabbir Shazia Hassan Ayesha Zareef Market Risk Credit Risk Pakistan Stock Exchange financial statements Firm's business activities are focused on profit making. The cultural, technological, organizational, financial and operational challenges followed by different risks like market or credit risks make it difficult for firms to focus on their sole aim of earning profit. Previous studies have highlighted that market risk and credit risks have a significant influence on firm's performance. However, prediction of credit risk from market risk has not been explored in Pakistan which this paper attempts by investigating the impact of market risk on credit risk of the following period. For this study, a panel data of 30 manufacturing firms was collected through random sampling technique from period 2005 to 2016. A regression model was estimated in Generalized Method of Momments and used a Hausman test to select fixed or random effects. Results of this study show that firms have 30% more current liabilities as compared to current assets and experience volatility in stock prices which increases the credit risks. However, research findings shows that firms have reasonable growth opportunities and profitability they can be used to reduce stock volatility and attain confidence of creditors in firms. The increase in leverage due to creditor's confidence in firm indicates a decrease in credit risk. Overall the study shows the significantly negative impact of market risk on credit risk of the subsequent time period which specifies market risk may foresee credit risk of the following period and gives a new understanding for investors and policymakers to curb risks in investment decisions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Market-Risk-on-Credit-Risk-of-Subsequent-Period-in-Manufacturing-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Engaging Employees through Ethical Leadership Nida Kamal Hina Samdani Amna Yameen Ethical Leadership Organizational Citizenship Behavior Moral Intensity Transparency This research explores how ethical behavior of leaders influence employee engagement by enhancing the moral intensity of the employees. It also explores the impact that transparency of policies that a leader applies and decisions that he takes can have on the organizational citizenship of the employees. Two conceptual models are used to explore the constructs in light of social learning and social exchange theory. Data from 205 faculty members, working in higher education sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, was collected through structured questionnaires. Results revealed a considerable positive relation exists among ethical leadership and the organizational citizenship behavior of employees in an organization when mediated by moral intensity. Subsequently, significance is analyzed in ethical leadership and moral intensity when transparency moderated the relationship. The study contributes to the understanding of how perception of faculty members regarding their leaders’ ethical behavior can have an effect on the implementation of policies. It also explains the role of transparency of the ethical conduct in enhancing faculty’s performance and leading to the benefit of higher education institutions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Engaging-Employees-through-Ethical-Leadership https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Time Pressure on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Role of Conscientiousness Tariq Iqbal Khan Imran Saeed Sajid Rahman Khattak Time Pressure Conscientiousness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior In this article, we examined the relation between time pressure and organizational citizenship behavior and the moderating role of conscientiousness. Two hundred and thirty employee working in service sector of different cities located in Pakistan participated in this study. Time lag research design was adopted in this study. Data for time pressure and conscientiousness were collected at time 1 (Self-Reported) and data for organizational citizenship behavior was collected at time 2 (SupervisoryRating Method). Results of this study revealed that time pressure and conscientiousness was negatively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, it was found that conscientiousness act as moderator in the relations between time pressure and organizational citizenship behavior. The findings make study significant for improving organizational behavior. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Time-Pressure-on-Organizational-Citizenship-Behavior-Moderating-Role-of-Conscientiousness https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Interplay of Direct Anti Smoking Public Service Advertisements and Anti-Smoking Messages Placement Disclosures in Movies with Attitude to Quit Smoking Syed Hassan Raza Anjum Zia Moneeba Iftikhar Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) Direct Anti-smoking public service Advertisements (DAA) Anti-smoking messages placement disclosures in movies (APD) Attitude to quit smoking (AQS) Partial least Recently, the Ministry of Health Pakistan decreed that disclosures of anti- smoking messages placement in the movies should be used whereby fear based cognitive anti-smoking message is shown. Consistent with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) assumption that persuasion messages likely influence the attitude of the relatively unmotivated individuals. This study is the first which tests and compare the ability of anti-smoking persuasion messages presented in the Direct Anti-smoking public service Advertisements (DAA) and Anti-smoking messages Placement Disclosures in movies (APD) in determining viewer’s Attitude to Quit Smoking (AQS). Hence, this attempt overcomes deficient understanding about the effects of disclosing anti-smoking advertisement placement. In a between-subject experiment (N = 120), we measure the smokers’ attitudes in the result of the direct anti-smoking advertisements along with the APDs in movies. Results of the experiment show that attitude to quit smoking becomes stronger when a direct anti-smoking advertisement and anti-smoking disclosure is shown. However, analyses based on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) on Advanced Analysis for Composites (ADANCO) 2.0.1 (a new software for variance-based SEM) attitude to quit smoking is significantly higher when the anti-smoking message disclosure is shown during the movie scenes. These results have significant implications for persuasion theories and public policy about anti-smoking campaigns. Humanity Publications Lecture, Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Interplay-of-Direct-Anti-Smoking-Public-Service-Advertisements-and-Anti-Smoking-Messages-Placement-Disclosures-in-Movies--with-Attitude-to-Quit-Smoking https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Constructing Symbolic Value Through Categorization Tools: The Role of Rankings in Building Business School's Reputation Syed Haider Khalil Fahad Sultan Muhammad Tufail Rankings Reputation Categorization Institutional Work Symbolic Value Business Schools Investigating rankings in the field of business education, we aim to examine field structuration process to understand how categories build symbolic value in an institutional field. We selected twenty reputed business schools from Pakistan and the United Kingdom (UK) through purposive sampling method. Adopting the concept of data triangulation, we gathered empirical evidences through interviews with business school marketing managers, academic experts in the field of marketing and reputation, and with industry experts. This data was further supplemented by variety of secondary sources such as internal student surveys, annual reports, newsletters and industry reports to perform a thematic analysis adopted in this study. Thematic analysis helped us to develop a model of institutional work and field level change by emphasizing on the key role categorization systems (rankings) in shaping perceptions of symbolic value (reputation). Our findings suggest, categorization tools create a contest at different levels. Consequently, it redefines the perception about value in the field. The current study may be useful for academia and Higher Education policy-makers by providing them with a theoretical understanding of categorization systems such as university rankings and the changing perception of value in the field. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Leadership Studies, Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan, KP, Pakistan. Deputy Director, Institute of Business and Leadership Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Leadership Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Constructing-Symbolic-Value-Through-Categorization-Tools-The-Role-of-Rankings-in-Building-Business-Schools-Reputation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Social and Academic Adjustment of the University Students Asghar Ali Mushtaq Ahmad Saifullah Khan Social Adjustment Academic Adjustment University Students The study finds relationship between social and academic adjustments of BS students in University of Sargodha Pakistan. A sample of 550 BS students was selected from different departments through multistage random sampling. Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) was adapted with permission to measure the social and academic adjustments of BS students which has acceptable value of reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha 0.90 after analysis of pilot testing data. In this correlational study, data collected through survey were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means scores, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The study finds majority of students have moderate level of social and academic adjustment; Male students have better social adjustment but both have equivalent academic adjustment; boarders have better social adjustment than day scholars, students of 2nd and 8 th semester had equal level of academic adjustment but 8 th semester students have better social adjustment than 2nd semester students. It is recommended that students are provided with the opportunities of group projects, seminars and guidance and counselling regarding values of university education. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government College Farooka, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Social-and-Academic-Adjustment-of-the-University-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Institutional Mapping and Political Economy of DRR: A Case Study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) Muhammad Waqas Idrees Muhammad Bashir Khan Disaster Management Natural Disasters Community Preparedness Community Planning Pakistan Azad Jammu & Kashmir This paper aims to analyze the institutional framework in Pakistan for disaster management and specific disaster management policies. This paper is also designed to develop an in-depth understanding of the key challenges that the communities of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan face in the wake of constantly reoccurring disasters. House-hold survey, observations and key informant interviews were conducted to analyze the preparedness, both at community and organizational levels. The findings point out that disaster management policies and mechanisms regarding preparedness are not implemented by both federal and state authorities at local level. Further, the local communities of AJK, Pakistan are susceptible to different kind of hazards related to disasters. The paper reveals that available federal/state mechanism of disasters do not meet the needs of community. All of the stakeholders including federal government institutions, state government institutions and local communities are not prepared. Thus, communities are continuously getting affected by natural disasters. The paper suggests that there is a dire need to improve the coordination between state and national agencies. Further, there is need to enhance community preparedness specifically in AJK, Pakistan to upgrade community's defensive and awareness mechanism to safeguard citizens' lives in response to seismic emergency. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Head of Department, Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Institutional-Mapping-and-Political-Economy-of-DRR-A-Case-Study-of-Azad-Jammu-and-Kashmir-(AJK) https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Copy Writing Elements and Brand Relationship: An Analysis of Print Advertisements' Language Anjum Zia Nayab Javed Muhammad Bilal Linguistic Analysis Advertising Language Figurative Language Copy Writing Print Advertisements Brand Relation Pakistan Quantitative and Qualitative Method Language and advertising are interconnected and play a significant role in communicating a message directly or indirectly. Direct roles concern buying decisions of the consumers while indirect roles establish a lasting relation of consumer with the brand. This research studies the language of copywriting of advertising focusing its role in developing consumer-brand relationship. The research uses mix of quantitative and qualitative methods based on the framework of Laswells model of communication. The study uses content analysis for examination of the language of print advertisements and the consumer brand relationship. Survey is used as method of data collection from magazines including Akhbar e Jahan and MAG published by Jang group of newspapers. The study finds that figurative language style is used more in Pakistani print advertisements in comparison to literal language. Moreover, the results prove that the copy writing of print advertisements does play a significant role in developing consumer-brand relationship. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MS Scholar, School of Media and Communication, Beacon House National University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Media Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad,Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Copy-Writing-Elements-and-Brand-Relationship-An-Analysis-of-Print-Advertisements-Language https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Psycho Social Effects of Parental Divorce on Children in Pakistani Society Mamoon Khan Khattak Khalid Usman Khan Khattak Zahra Maqbool Children Divorce Family Parent(s) Psycho-Social Effect Society Divorce is the lawful form of dissolution of a marriage, which is permitted by Allah Almighty only in unavoidable unconducive conditions, hence it is still the most disliked act near to Him among lawful acts. The divorce has severe socio-psychological outcomes for stakeholders, particularly children from divorced spouses are at worst hit. Today's children are the tomorrow's vital human resource. The main objective of this research has been to analyze social and psychological impacts of divorce on the divorced spouses' children. Hypothesis of study was that parental divorce affects the children adversely in psycho-social terms. The universe selected for this study was province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A number of 30 respondents were purposively selected, while using non-probability sampling technique. The respondents were juveniles having their ages ranging between 5 years to less than 18 years; these juveniles' parents were divorced. The Interview was used as method of data collection. The results of study shows that parental divorce affect their juveniles in terms of parental loss associated with emotional and economic loss, stress in life, complex dynamics in relationships, social and psychological problems etc. It is recommended that every possible effort should be made to maintain the marital tie intact, and if in some case, Allah forbid, the divorce occurred, even then children should be supported by both parent, by society and by the state. Humanity Publications Associate Professor of Social Work & Chairman, Department of Social Work & Sociology, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Gandhara University, Peshawar, KP,Pakistan. MSc-Sociology, Department of Social Work & Sociology, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Psycho-Social-Effects-of-Parental-Divorce-on-Children-in-Pakistani-Society https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Hybridity and Linguistic Pluralism: A Pragmatic Analysis of University Academic Discourse Nazakat Muhammad Safeer Awan Hybridity/Hybridization Academic Discourse Linguistic Continuum Pedagogy University Teachers The language used in academic texts and pedagogy is referred as academic discourse. Being student and teacher, the researchers observed that mixing of home language with academic language was a common practice in many institutions. Some linguists appreciate it, while others resist it by claiming it detrimental to objectivity and neutrality. Chiang (2006) finds role of teacher’s discourse a determining factor in pedagogy. Current study was conducted to observe the phenomenon of hybridization in academic discourse and to assess it in the light of pragmatics. Pragmatic analysis is known as a useful method to infer covert and implicit meanings of language (Savignon, 2007) and the researchers deemed it appropriate for current research. The pragmatic analysis could provide a newer outlook on academic discourse. Data was collected through observation sheet from the classes. Questionnaire was also used to get relevant data from teachers. The findings revealed that teachers often relied on cultural and ideological underpinnings in their pedagogy. The individual conversational styles were also responsible for different mode of hybridization and subsequently reinforced diverse facet of discourse different in pragmatic nature. The data was first analyzed for hybridization followed by its pragmatic analysis. The study was important in the backdrop of one of many beliefs, that meaning never remains fixed and it resides in socio-cultural structures and lack of pragmatic knowledge among interlocutors impedes semantic proficiency. The study revealed utility of pragmatic competence in turning this mixing of discourses in a class into a continuum. It also found that knowledge of academic pragmatics could reinforce semantic proficiency. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of English Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Hybridity-and-Linguistic-Pluralism-A-Pragmatic-Analysis-of-University-Academic-Discourse https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Tracing Stock Returns on Quarterly Basis: The Case of KSE-100 Index Mustafa Afeef Nazim Ali Adnan Khan ARIMA BoxJenkins Methodology PSX 100 Index Prediction Stationarity The stock market index can be forecasted in two ways --- either through taking those external factors that influence movements in the index or by basing ones predictions on the previous values of the index. The current study has used the method described later by employing the Box-Jenkins methodology --- a method famously used by most researchers while conducting ARIMA modeling--- by taking past figures of KSE 100 Index. Quarterly figures of the Index were, therefore, taken for 22 years from August 1995 to October 2017 that translated into 90 observations. Results revealed that the forecasting model used in the study did well in anticipating returns in the shortrun. The findings of the study can be consumed by investors, particularly short-term, in deciding when, and when not, to risk their hard-earned funds at Pakistan Stock Exchange. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Tracing-Stock-Returns-on-Quarterly-Basis-The-Case-of-KSE-100-Index https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Human Nature, Anarchy, and Hierarchy as Determining Factors of Realism Muhammad Tariq Muhammad Rizwan Manzoor Ahmad Human Nature Anarchy Hierarchy Realism Prisoner's Dilemma Realism is an important theory in International Relations that shapes the politics of the world. The main purpose of realism is to maximize gains and minimize losses. It is a common phenomenon that insecurity the balance of power never remains constant since self-help leads to a condition known as the security dilemma. Realists look at the states from two angles; states either a unitary actor or a hard shell of the black box. Most of the realists view human nature as a cause of war and conflict. They also see the state as negative with self-seeking interests and aggressiveness. Security is the key factor in international politics and is always based upon the power struggle among the nations. Anarchy and hierarchy are the two cardinal principles of realism. The former refers to the structure with no superior authority to dictate the inter-state relations while the latter describes the relations in terms of super-ordination and subordination. The prisoners dilemma provides a different choice for the solution of maximizing gains. Humanity Publications PhD in Political Science,Elementary & Secondary Education,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Chairman,Department of Pakistan Studies,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. Chairman,Department of Political Science,AWKUM, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Human-Nature-Anarchy-and-Hierarchy-as-Determining-Factors-of-Realism https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Predicting Corporate Financial Distress: The Case of Pakistan Ilyas Ahmad Zahid Ali Muhammad Usman Capital Market Efficiency Strong form Efficiency Emerging Markets Dividend Announcement s Insider Trading In view of corporate lifecycle theory, financial distress is one of the fundamental phase in the life of a firm. Despite being unaffected by Global Financial Crises 2008, that time period proved critical for the corporate sector of Pakistan. This study aims to measures the firm-level financial distress in Pakistan by employing the bankruptcy models of Altman-(1968), Ohlson-(1980), Zmijewski-(1984) and JZ-(2016) for all nonfinancial firms for the years, 2002-2014. The major findings show that Z-score is the best bankruptcy forecast model, followed by Zmijewski model. This study has significance and policy implications as it will help to choose best bankruptcy studies for timely prediction of financial distress leading towards bankruptcy and helps firms to trigger corrective measures thus helping firms from entering into failure. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Economics and Business Administration,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Business Administration,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Predicting-Corporate-Financial-Distress-The-Case-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Relationship between Workplace Ostracism and Job Performance: Role of Psychological Capital as Mediator Nazim Ali Adnan Khan Zahid Ali WPO; PC; JP; Universities The objective of this research was to investigate not only the relationship among workplace Ostracism (WPO), psychological capital (PC), and job performance (JP) but also to test the mediating role of PC between WPO and JP. Data were gathered from 278 employees of public sector universities. Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Amos was used to test the relationship among all variables. Structure equation modeling was employed to test the developed model. The results showed that WPO had a significant negative relationship with PC and JP while a significant positive relationship between PC and JP was found. Furthermore, the results revealed that PC partially mediated the relationship between WPO and JP. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Relationship-between-Workplace-Ostracism-and-Job-Performance-Role-of-Psychological-Capital-as-Mediator https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Impact of Students School Life Experiences on their Conceptual Learning in Physics at Secondary Schools Munir Khan Nasrin Akhter Abdul Majeed Khan Conceptual Learning Application Abilities Physics Concepts The conceptual learning of the secondary level science students (N=1840) in the subject of physics assessed on the concept application ability test (CAAT) was low up to 33 %. Views of the same students about learning and assessment at the school investigated through questionnaire were considered as one of the possible factors affecting the conceptual learning of the students. Sample of the survey among the selective male and female Secondary school science students was chosen randomly through the Cluster sampling technique. Correlation and regression analysis were used to explore the relationships. The combined views of all students towards their entire learning and assessment experiences at school were highly satisfactory. A positive correlation was explored between students under consideration. Experiences and their score on the test (CAAT) and the multiple regressions predicted the concerning experiences of the students as a significantly contributing factor to their conceptual learning in terms of the application of physics concepts in problem situation and life. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Impact-of-Students-School-Life-Experiences-on-their-Conceptual-Learning-in-Physics-at-Secondary-Schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Efficient Management of Financial Resource and Constraints in Implementation of Budget at Secondary Schools Nasrin Akhter Abdul Majeed Khan Abdur Rehman Head-Teacher Budget Constraint Management Financial resources and allocations play a pivotal role in improving the learning and teaching system in any country. In that context, this study aims to explore the perceptions of secondary head-teachers relating to Budgetary Allocations and Financial Constraints in the context of Effective Management. A qualitative research method was employed in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 head-teachers working in secondary schools. The result from the interview data shows that the majority of the head-teachers were not satisfied with the budgets and funds provided to the schools, and found aspects of the procedures employed to be unhelpful. There was a tendency to expect more of schools on diminishing budgets and difficulties in being able to spend allocations efficiently and effectively for the maximum benefit of learners. The keys issues are identified and some positive ways forward suggested. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational, University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Teacher Education,Qurtuba University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Efficient-Management-of-Financial-Resource-and-Constraints-in-Implementation-of-Budget-at-Secondary-Schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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How Head Teachers Motivate: Exploring Perceptions of Teachers about Head-Teachers Motivational Techniques at Higher Education Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Nasrin Akhter Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Motivation Performance Higher Education Heads Teachers Motivational Techniques. Motivation is a key aspect of every workplace if the workforce is to function effectively and efficiently. This study explores that leadership in higher institutions of education in KPK Pakistan, looking at a typical set of 12 male and 12 female higher institutes. The aim was to offer a picture of the current situation, as perceived by principals and teachers, and to explore differences in their perceptions. The views of the Heads of the Institutions (Principals) and a sample of their teachers were gathered using a questionnaire. This suggests that there may well be two very different kinds of motivations atmospheres in the sample of colleges surveyed. Secondly, where teachers tend to respond well to a supportive, affirmative approach on the leadership, where they feel valued and good work is praised, as well as being given the freedom and trust to innovate, the Principals tend to a more authoritarian approach. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/How-Head-Teachers-Motivate-Exploring-Perceptions-of-Teachers-about-Head-Teachers-Motivational-Techniques-at-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Development of Functional Writing Skills through Communicative Approach in Pakistani High School Muhammad Samiullah Aftab Ahmad Muhammad Naseer Ud Din English Language Teaching (ELT) Communicative Approach/Langu age Teaching (CLT) Functional Writing Grammar Translation Method (GTM). The major and foremost aim of the research had been to observe an effect of (CLT) communicative language teaching approach on functional writing skills among 9th graders in Pakistani high schools. Relevant literature revealed that functional writing skills can be increased through (CLT) communicative language teaching approach. Quasi Experimental design, that is, pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design was used. Threats to internal/external validity were undertaken properly. The pre-test was the same, and it had been used as the post-test as well. Creative compositions related to functional writing skills were examined carefully and were marked as per scoring rubrics. The (CLT) communicative language teaching approach is recommended for English teaching specifically writingrelated tasks in the subject of English. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Science Education Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Development-of-Functional-Writing-Skills-through-Communicative-Approach-in-Pakistani-High-School https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Work- Family Conflict and its Impact on Job Performance of Female Teachers of Frontier Education Foundation Girls Colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Farid Ullah Khan Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Work-family Conflict College Teachers Job Performance Pakistan KPK The study investigated family interference with work conflict (FIW) among female teachers based on selected demographic variables and its impact on their job performance; with job performance as the dependent variable and FIW the independent variable. The data was gathered from 295 female teachers from fifteen FEF girls’ degree colleges across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through a survey questionnaire of 42 closed-end items on five-point Likert scale. Of the total 295 teachers, 220 respondents including 177 married and 43 unmarried returned the questionnaire. The findings divulged that the teachers faced FIW with different magnitude based on various demographic factors and has an adverse impact on their job performance. The findings are useful for researchers, policy makers, teacher and employers as they give an insight into the female teachers’ problems in their efforts of balancing their roles in family and work domains. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar. Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/work-family-conflict-and-its-impact-on-job-performance-of-female-teachers-of-frontier-education-foundation-girls-colleges-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Markets: Evidence from Frontier Markets like Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Kashif Saleem Macroeconomic factors Arbitrage pricing theory Stock Returns KSE 100 index Exchange ADF Cointegration technique Vector Error Correction Model CPI The macroeconomic version of the APT is of great significance in examining the return on assets. It analyzes the estimated security return with reference to various macroeconomic variables. Despite availability of research studies related to the developed and emerging stock markets of the world, still a research gap exists for exploring the frontier markets like equity market of Pakistan. The study examines the long and short term impact of macroeconomic variables on the KSE 100 index for the period of July 1996 - June 2015. Cointegration technique and VECM models have been applied. Among these variables, GDP, inflation, exchange rate, unemployment rate, labor force cost and stock market of US were found significant for explanation of effects on return of stock market of Pakistan. The study findings have potential implications for both policymakers and investors pertaining to macroeconomic factors and stock market volatility. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Qurtuba University, Department of Science and Information Technology, D. I Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-macroeconomic-variables-on-stock-markets-evidence-from-frontier-markets-like-pakistan-stock-exchange-psx https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Politics of Developmental Cooperation: Mechanism of Cooperation on CPEC Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Developmental Cooperation Politics CPEC Pakistan China China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a strategic game-changer development projects both for China and Pakistan with varying interests.For the successful implementation of CPEC, various cooperation mechanisms were signed between China and Pakistan. This cooperation mechanism has been perceived differently by different stakeholders. The mechanism of cooperation seems like a complex phenomenon due to the interest articulation and contradictions of the capitalist model of cooperation. Moreover, cooperation also needs adaptation to produce and reproduce capital in the case ofCPEC related projects. An attempt has been made in this paper to explore the mechanisms of cooperation on CPEC.Who is benefiting from this cooperation? And how this cooperation mechanism is being translated into a project of game-changer.' In a capitalist structure, the control over means of production and private ownership creates a nature of competition protected by existing institutional arrangements to strengthen a structure of profiteering.Cooperation is totally opposite to competition, and primarily it depends on the socialistic principle of sharing and caring. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology- Islamabad. He worked as Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingdom (UK). 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/politics-of-developmental-cooperation-mechanism-of-cooperation-on-cpec https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on Human Security and the Role of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) Saadia Beg Tasawar Baig Asif Khan CPEC Economic Interdependence Regional Integration Human Security Gilgit-Baltistan Recent history of international relations suggests that economic interdependence largely contributes to the mitigation of the major political conflicts in the world. CPEC, a flagship mega development project of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has not only initiated massive development projects in Pakistan, which will eventually help in socio-economic development of Pakistan but it will also ensure regional integration. Development of Pakistan through CPEC is desirably focused on a people centric growth model that primarily seeks to resolve the issues of human security. This paper seeks to establish the relationship between economic interdependence and regional integration with human security. Furthermore, this study looks into the role of Gilgit-Baltistan, a geographical lynchpin region, in making CPEC a successful developmental project. Findings of the study suggest that the viability and success of this mega project is highly dependent on the inclusiveness of projects in terms of engaging all stakeholders. The fruits of this mega project are expected to be positive. This is only possible if all the different dimensions of national security, i.e. social cohesion, economic development, and political stability are ensured by the state. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Centre for International Peace and Stability, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-China-Pakistan-Economic-Corridor-CPEC-on-Human-Security-and-the-Role-of-Gilgit-Baltistan-GB https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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American, Indian and Chinese Media on "Belt and Road Initiative" Inamullah Jan Tariq Mehmood Shabir Hussain BRI Silk Road CPEC News Framing Content Analysis This research treats contents of newspapers from America, China and India reporting on "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) with respect to US, India and China's foreign policies. The study investigates if unlike China, American and Indian press relatively report more 'risk' than 'opportunity' frames on BRI. Detailed literature on risks and opportunity frames is produced through media lenses, underpins regional and global significance and future status of BRI. Comparing framing techniques of The New York Times, Times of India and China Daily, contents of total 60 news articles are quantitatively analyzed. Finally, comparative research paradigm found both Indian and American press framing more risks than opportunities in news, therefore highlighting respective concerns of staying away from the signatory summit of BRI held in Beijing in May 2017. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, BUITEMS, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, IIU, Islamabad. Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/american-indian-and-chinese-media-on-belt-and-Road-initiative https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Iran-Saudi Relations: From Rivalry to Nowhere Fozia Lubna Abid Ali Iran Saudi Arabia Regional Dominance Sectarianism Proxy Wars Ideology Iran and Saudi Arabia are the two main powers of the Middle East. Since Islamic revolution (1979) the competition for power, security and regional dominance has resulted in proxy wars in the region, especially, Bahrain, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. Saudi and Iranian rivalry revolves around some key issues such as; their contradictory ideologies (Sunni vs Shiite) PanArab issues like Palestine issue, Saudi inclination towards West, their contradictory policies about energy and desire to become dominant power of entire region. Iran's wants regional hegemony, rolling back US influence in the Middle East, empowerment of Shiite in the Middle East through sectarianism. Sectarianism has always been a major focus in the Persian Gulf and beyond for the Iranian regional policy formulation. Peace and stability in Middle East would not be possible till Riyadh and Tehran end rivalry. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. HOD, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Iran-Saudi-Relations-From-Rivalry-to-Nowhere https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Health, Education and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Middle Income Countries Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique Ghulam Mohey-ud-din Adiqa Kiani Economic Growth Life Expectancy Infant Mortality Health and education are indispensable factors for economic growth. This study examines the role of health and education in economic growth for 76 middle income countries during 1991-2016, using fixed and random effect approaches. The empirical findings demonstrates that a progressive link among life expectancy and economic growth while inverse association exists between infant mortality and economic growth. The outcomes of FE and RE models stated that secondary and tertiary level education contribute to increase in economic growth. The results also shows capital's encouraging impact on growth, while the labor has negative influence to economic growth. The impact of life expectancy, infant mortality, enrollment in secondary and tertiary education on economic growth is stronger in upper middle income countries (UMIC) with comparison to lower middle income countries (LMIC). The study recommended that economies should focus on education and better health facilities towards betterment especially in lower income states. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Urban Economist, The Urban Unit, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Health-Education-and-Economic-Growth-Nexus-in-Middle-Income-Countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Mathematics Elementary School Teachers' Perceptions of the Student-Centered Approaches and Professional Learning Experiences Nasrin Akhter Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Abdul Majeed Khan Mathematics Teachers Student-Centred Approaches Facilitator This research explores the perceptions’ of mathematics teachers who are teaching in Pakistani schools at secondary level. The study aimed to explore the elementary school teachers’ perceptions about student-centred approaches, and their difficulties facing in using these approaches. The study uses a methodology of questionnaire and interview to gather data from mathematics teachers at secondary level. The results of this study indicate that the most mathematics teachers were positive about the role and importance of student-centred approaches in their mathematics. The majority of teachers appreciated their role as a facilitator of the learning process using student-centred approaches Moreover, the majority of teachers reported that continued practice in teaching mathematics courses and/or teaching method courses had contributed to their developing a fair understanding of teaching mathematics. The teachers responded positively regarding the role of student-centred approaches to enhance the procedural understanding of students in mathematics. Most of the findings supported student-centred approaches positively. Finally, the recommendations concerning the importance of student-centred approaches in mathematics, the arrangement of resources, and teachers’ professional development are presented for the attention of teachers, administration and curriculum developers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mianwali Campus, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Mathematics-Elementary-School-Teachers-Perceptions-of-the-Student-Centered-Approaches-and-Professional-Learning-Experiences https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effects of Physical Facilities at Public Schools on Students' Achievement in Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Arshad Zia Ahmad Qamar Faheem Huma Gulzar Influence Physical Facilities Students Achievement Punjab Examination Commission. This paper determines the influence of school's physical facilities on students' achievement. The study was quantitative in nature and survey technique was used. The sample of the present study was selected by multi-stage random sampling method from Sahiwal division of Punjab, Pakistan. The researcher developed and validated a Check-List for Physical Facilities (CLPF) prior to data collection. Multiple regression analysis are run in the current research to analyze data. Measurement of the achievement of students from test scores of grade 8th conducted by Punjab Examination Commission in the year 2017 is analyzed. The study shows that ventilation, plants, play grounds, first aid medical box, LCD/LED significantly influenceed students' achievement. All the physical facilities contributed about 15.4% towards students' academic achievement. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Teacher. Govt. High School No.1, Haveli Lakha, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effects-of-physical-facilities-at-public-schools-on-students-achievement-in-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Violations of Basic Children Rights at Elementary Level Education Syed Azam Shah Syed Manzoor Hussain Shah Umbreen Ishfaq Children Rights Violation Corporal Punishment Elementary Education Academic Performance Violations of children rights are the grey areas in Pakistan that have grave consequences for the educational progress of students especially those studying at elementary level. This study probes the major children rights contravention at elementary level schools located in Pakistan; particularly in government sector schools where the learning course is usually taken by the principals and teachers as a regular affair without any fervent approach. In order to investigate the state of children rights in schools, principal, teachers and students from rural and urban area public sector institutions of Capital Territory Islamabad were taken as the sample for this study so that the state of these institutions in terms of providing basic rights to elementary students could be analyzed and it could be seen if they affect the performance of children in class or not. The result indicates the prevalence of several nuisance areas including corporal punishment, bullying, unhygienic environment, lack of educational facilities and proper infrastructure in these institutions which are directly affecting the performance of children in form of a decline in learning outcomes, specifically in rural areas where the use of physical punishment is reported to be practiced more in ratio as compared to urban areas. The study is significant as it explores issues and causes for children rights violations and suggests the necessary measures that would make the learning environment more conducive for students. Humanity Publications Principal, F.G Public School, HIT Taxila Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Violations-of-Basic-Children-Rights-at-Elementary-Level-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Teaching Mathematics at High School: A Comparison of Public and Private School Teachers' Practices Gulnaz Hameed Intzar Hussain Butt Teaching Practices Mathematic Classrooms Secondary Education. This paper compares the mathematics teaching practices of private and public high school teachers in Punjab. Two hundred public and 180 private school teachers were selected by using random sampling technique from district Sahiwal. The quantitative data was collected by using a Likert type 58 questionnaire items. The questionnaire consisted of six parts: mathematic teaching practices, mathematic effective students’ instruction, mathematic resources availability, use of mathematic resources, use of instructional techniques and evaluation techniques used by the teachers. The study indicated that private school teacher teach in cooperative environment, individual concentration, small group discussion and encourage students in mathematic classrooms as compared to public school teachers. They write equations to represent concept and then engage students in problem solving and practice computational skill as compared to public school teachers. Public school teachers highly believe that text book is primary instructional tool for teaching. They practice difficult problem by drill in their classes. Although Public school teachers are well trained, qualified and experienced yet they emphasize rote learning which is a big hurdle in conceptual understanding. Provision of material resources in public schools is high. Mathematic curriculum document, manipulative, measuring devices, and spreadsheets, worksheet calculators, teacher guide and computers as teaching resources are available in public schools. Whereas, helping books and calculators’ availability is better in private schools. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Teaching-Mathematics-at-High-School:-A-Comparison-of-Public-and-Private-School-Teachers-Practices https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Issues in Teachers' Education through Distance Education: A Case Study of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan Itbar Khan Farooq Nawaz Khan Asghar Ali AIOU Teacher Education Tutors' Perception Distance Mode Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) offers teacher education programs from Primary School Teacher to Doctor of Philosophy in Education. The current study is focused on B. Ed., 2-year M.Ed., and Associate Degree in Education (ADE). AIOU has rendered great services in the field of education and particularly teacher education. Distance education internationally is an established system of education but in the context of Pakistan there are certain issues in distant mode of education which if addressed, may improve quality in teacher education. The current study investigated issues from the perspectives of tutors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected from tutors in 03 districts through interviews. Interview was conducted with total of 20 tutors. The purpose of the study was to get an in-depth understanding of the issues and suggest recommendations for improvement of the teacher education through distance learning from AIOU and the distance education programs offered by other universities. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Staff Training and Education Center, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Issues-in-Teachers-Education-through-Distance-Education-A-Case-Study-of-Allama-Iqbal-Open-University-Islamabad-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Working Memory and Mathematical Performance: A Correlational Study Naeema Mumtaz Muhammad Saeed Khan Saddaf Ayub Working Memory Academic Achievement Relationship Mathematical Thinking Secondary Schools This study is intended to examine the correlation between working memory of students and their academic performance in Mathematics. Specifically, it was aimed to determine the degree of relationship between working memory capacity and academic achievement of students in mathematics studying at secondary school. A sample of 800 students studying in grade 10 was randomly selected from forty government and private secondary schools (girls and boys) situated in Hazara division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Both Urdu and English mediums of instruction schools were included in the sample. The researcher used digits span backwards test (DSBT) to find out the working memory capacity of the students associated with their academic performance in mathematics. This study revealed that girls have outperformed boys very markedly in examination scores of mathematics at secondary level. Contrarily, boys have performed well in working memory capacity than girls at the secondary level. However a very small gender difference is observed in this study. It is also noticed that private secondary schools showed higher performance in examination scores of mathematics and in working memory capacity than government secondary schoolsl. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, Haripur,m KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Working-Memory-and-Mathematical-Performance-A-Correlational-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Possibilities of Agricultural Education for Secondary Level in Pakistan Kiran Akhtar M Imran Yousuf Qaisara Parveen Agriculture Education Secondary level National Educational Policies Agricultural education is the main component to promote development and production of agriculture. In Pakistan, higher education institutes are offering agricultural education at undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels. F.Sc. Pre-Agriculture program has also been started in selected universities of agriculture. At the same time, the subject of agriculture has been part of elementary schools for many years. But, the gap still exists for the provision of agricultural education at secondary level. So, the study aims to review the initiatives of agriculture education at secondary level in national educational policies and five-year plans and to explore the possibilities for the promotion of curriculum for agricultural education according to opinions from agricultural education experts. This offers a descriptive study. The study was conducted in two steps. Documentary analysis technique was firstly used. Further, the need of agricultural education curriculum for secondary level was assessed and possibilities of agriculture education were explored. Purposive sampling technique was used to select subject specialists. The data was analyzed with frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. The qualitative data was analyzed by themes and analytical approach. This research suggests that agriculture education is highly desirable for introduction at secondary school. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Possibilities-of-Agricultural-Education-for-Secondary-Level-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Parameters for Textbook: Improving Quality of Primary Education Mohammad Nabi Muhammad Javed Iqbal Quality Quality Education Quality Textbook Parameters This research explores the parameters of quality textbook and the current status of 5th class textbooks. Textbook counts due to its importance in attaining required goals of quality education. Quality textbooks have the capacity to improve the required skills of learners and consequently support the improvement of quality education as quality education is mostly connected to students’ outcomes. A survey was conducted wherein officers of the Textbook Board Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participated and head teachers and teachers from public primary schools also took part. An interview was conducted for the Textbook Board officers to find out the parameters of quality textbook that improve the outcomes of the students. In this regard a questionnaire administered for head teachers and teachers to investigate the present status of 5th class textbook. 10 officers of Textbook Board, 281 primary school teachers and 256 head teachers were taken as sample from six districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Director Mass Education, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Parameters-for-Textbook:-Improving-Quality-of-Primary-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Assessing Quality of Various Aspects of Secondary Education in Punjab Saqib Shahzad Ishtiaq Hussain Makhdoom Ali Syed Quality Education Secondary Education AV Aids Pedagogy This study examined various aspects of quality in secondary education of Punjab. Population of the study was constituted all principals, teachers and students of degree colleges, intermediate colleges and higher secondary schools. A randomized sample of forty degree colleges was selected comprizing forty intermediate colleges and forty higher secondary schools (gender-wise equal). Participants’ responses were collected via questionnaire. After the data tabulation, it was examined and explained in the light of research objectives. Statistical tests like mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean and estimated population mean were employed. The study revealed that from the findings of the study A.V Aids were not appropriately used, teachers’ pay scales were not satisfactory and secondary level curriculum did not meet the academic needs. Therefore, the researchers consider provision of modern audio-visual aids to the institutions to be important, besides the teachers training and motivation to utlize these audiovisual aids for enhancement of instructional process. Moreover, it is suggested that adequate budgetry allocation for education and improving the pay scales of the teachers will enhance the quality of education. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, Kohat University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Assessing-Quality-of-Various-Aspects-of-Secondary-Education-in-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effects of Over-Crowded Classes on Teaching Learning Process at Secondary Level in District Nankana Sahib Saeed Ahmad Muhammad Arshad Zia Ahmad Qamar Overcrowded classes Teaching Learning Process Secondary Level. The researcher aimed at investigating the effects of overcrowded classes on the teaching learning process at secondary level. By nature, this research study was descriptive so survey research design was employed and a closed ended questionnaire having twenty items related to the research problem were developed on five point Likert’s scale for the teachers (Senior Science Teachers) and the 10th grade students of government high schools from three tehsils of district Nankana Sahib. Pilot study was conducted to achieve the reasonable face and content validity and reliability, expert opinions and testretest techniques were used and 0.891 Pearson’s product moment was assured. One hundred (100) questionnaires for SSTs both males and female and 120 questionnaires for students both boys and girls were administered personally and with the help of some friends, six principals both of male and female were interviewed using structured interview schedule data collection technique and data was collected. On the basis of analysis and interpretation of data, indiscipline classes due to overcrowdings affect the teaching learning process badly; the performance of the students is not easily assessed in overcrowded classes and teachers are unable to interact with students easily in overcrowded classes were the conclusions of this research study. The researcher suggested that the government must make it possible to implement the law of recommended class size and reduce the problem by building more classrooms for the students at secondary level. Policy makers may formulate the policies for the effective assessment and evaluation process. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Teacher, Govt. High School No.1, Haveli Lakha, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Over-Crowded-Classes-on-Teaching-Learning-Process-at-Secondary-Level-in-District-Nankana-Sahib https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Construction and Validation of Neurotransmitters Scale Mumtaz Ahmad Asma Tahir Nadeem Sohail Neurofinance Behavioral Finance Neurotransmitters In this research, we visit literature directed seven steps procedure of scale development and incorporate it in studying dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine and thus finalized 16 items neurotransmitters scale. We incorporated 6 samples for construction of reliable multi-aspect questionnaire that imitated across the samples. We confirm the content adequacy qualitatively and quantitatively including discriminant and convergent validity. We also established the criterion-related validity through the instrument’s relation with measures of behavioral aspects of individual investors. This research proposes that the neurotransmitters scale is valid and reliable. Neurotransmitters as dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine have significant use for individual stock markets investors. This investigators hope that the corroborated scale is reliable as well as valid and will be appropriate to utilize in upcoming studies of neurofinance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Forman Christian College University, Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan Director, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Construction-and-Validation-of-Neurotransmitters-Scale https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Conceptual Framework on Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Corporate Image Muhammad Salman Azhar Ismail Bin Lebai Othman Norzieiriani Ahmad Customer Satisfaction Customer Relationship Management CRM Factors Corporate Image Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory (EDT) This research study is intended to deliver a swift review of what is previously known about customer satisfaction and enhanced understanding of the factors of customer relationship management (CRM) in relation to customer satisfaction. By examining the literature of prior studies, this article requires enhanced understanding of customer satisfaction in international airline industry of Pakistan. The study delivers a conceptual framework to broaden the customer satisfaction and the influence of CRM factors comprising service quality, social network interaction, and relationship through solving customer problems, physical environment and trust. The mediating role of corporate image will further strengthen the connection of CRM factors and customer satisfaction. The research findings supplement the present literature of CRM by enhancing the understanding of the dimensions of customer satisfaction. The proposed conceptual framework makes an essential input to the current literature on customer satisfaction by addressing its theoretical and practical implications. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. Associate Professor, School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. Senior Lecturer, School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Conceptual-Framework-on-Customer-Satisfaction:-The-Mediating-Role-of-Corporate-Image https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Self-efficacy Beliefs of English and Urdu Medium Schools' Male and Female Teachers Mahfooz ul Haq Ijaz Ahmed Tatlah Intzar Hussain Butt Self-efficacy Beliefs Gender Medium of Instructions This research explores the difference in self-efficacy beliefs by gender and language of instruction of teachers. This descriptive study uses survey. The multistage stratified random sampling is employed to choose the sample for the study. The sample comprises 1761 teachers: 880 male and 881 female teachers from 419 primary, middle and high school. Out of 1761 teachers 923 are from English medium and 838 are from Urdu medium schools. The schools are selected from nine districts of the Punjab. The data are collected by using Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale. The t-test and ANOVA are run to find mean self-efficacy. The study finds self-efficacy level of teachers from Urdu medium schools being higher than teachers from English medium schools. No difference in self-efficacy by gender is reported. It is further concluded that effect of medium of instruction on self-efficacy does not depend upon gender. Humanity Publications Subject Specialist, Department of Education, Bahawal Nagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Self-efficacy-Beliefs-of-English-and-Urdu-Medium-Schools-Male-and-Female-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Much of a Muchness? The Role of Gender Similarity in a Relationship between LMX and OCB Bushra Ghaus Ishrat Lodhi Muhammad Shakir Gender Similarity LMX and OCB The current study, contextualizes in the higher education context of Pakistan, adopts a gender lens for the relationship of gender similarity with LMX (Leader Member Exchange) and OCB (Organizational Citizenship Behaviors). Also, the study attempts investigation of the moderating effects of gender similarity in the relationship of LMX with OCB. The study adopts a quantitative approach with a crosssectional survey design. Multistage proportionate stratified random sampling is employed for the sample of 1008 full-time faculty from 7 Public and 7 Private, HEC recognized universities across Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Standardized 12-item LMXMDM and 12-item OCB scales are employed. Statistical analysis include descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and moderated linear regression. The study ends in equivocal findings regarding the moderating role of gender similarity in a relationship of LMX with OCB across the sample public and private sector universities. The study also yields mixed findings regarding the relationship of gender similarity with LMX. Further the findings of the study do not support the proposition of relationship of gender similarity with OCB. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Much-of-a-Muchness-The-Role-of-Gender-Similarity-in-a-Relationship-between-LMX-and-OCB https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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"For Murder, though have no Tongue, will Speak", Hamlet Speaks for the Contemporary Problems around the Word Muhammad Muazzam Sharif Zubair Shafiq Umtul Ayesha Hamlet adaptations appropriations Revenge Issues Globalization Universal Uniformity and Contemporary Problems. People from different countries reshape and revise Hamlet to suit their situations and alter their personalities accordingly. Hamlet highlights issues in political, moral, social and cultural spheres of a country. Shakespeare’s Hamlet attracts the minds of readers to the extent that they establish a link with their unconscious minds; thus resulting in an empathetic connection between readers, characters and the adapters. This paper offers an analysis of the different adaptations of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in some countries. It delineates the link between Hamlet and its adaptations, particularly Haider –an Indian adaptation. This paper compares Hamlet and Haider and draws parallels between the two in order to highlight and address contemporary problems especially that of conflict between Pakistan and India over Kashmir. This paper talks about Haider that successfully created the desired impact which should be the purpose of an adapted play. Essentially qualitative in nature, this paper uses the lens of Linda Hutcheon –Theory of Adaptation- to conduct textual analysis. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, City District Government Degree College for Women, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/For-Murder-though-have-no-Tongue-will-Speak-Hamlet-Speaks-for-the-Contemporary-Problems-around-the-Word https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Changing Climate Patterns and Women Health: An Empirical Analysis of District Rawalpindi Pakistan Tahseen Ajaz Muhammad Tariq Majeed Climate Change Weather Conditions Physical health Womens Health Climate change, the greatest environmental challenge of current era, affects human health badly. Natural hazards such as storms, droughts, excessive rains, floods, droughts and increasing temperature always threaten human health. South Asian rural women bear more household responsibilities than men in terms of fetching water and burning biomass fuel for cooking and heating. To obtain these resources women have to go out and are more exposed to outdoor environment and the increased exposure make them more amenable to the effects of changing climatic and weather patterns. The objective of this study is to document women health impacts under climate change in District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. We find that climate change increases the incidence of diseases which affect physical health. In developing countries, extreme weather patterns disproportionally affect vulnerable population like women, children and others bear burden of illness. Pakistan also faces heat waves fluctuation during summer and extreme rainfall pattern which have severe effect on overall health of individuals. We conclude that climatic changes (increasing heat intensity, dry spells, unusual rains and others) affect women health badly. The state has to improve our climate by offering effective policies. This may include reforestation, plantation in and outside homes and environmental friendly policies like renewable energy that is a shift from coal and oil investing energy projects. Increase of green areas within urban localities is also needed. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Changing-Climate-Patterns-and-Women-Health:-An-Empirical-Analysis-of-District-Rawalpindi-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Corporate Sustainability Practices and Organizational Economic Performance Sajid Rahman Khattak Imran Saeed Bilal Tariq Sustainability Practices Financial and Market Performance Non-financial Performance Multiple Mediation Since last decade corporate sustainability has been of great interest to practitioners and researchers, both. Successful implementation of sustainability practices is vital for organizational survival and competitive advantage. Based on institutional theory, this study aims at to enhance understanding regarding the relationship of sustainability practices and corporate performance directly and indirectly through non-financial performance. Data from managerial level employees of manufacturing and services providing organizations of Pakistan was collected through a survey questionnaire. Based on 346 participants’ responses we found that sustainability practices (exploration and exploitation) have significant relationship with financial and market performance. The multi-mediation analysis shows that all mediators partially mediate the relationship between sustainability practices and corporate performance. In the context of Pakistan, this study is the first of its kind to validate sustainability practices scale. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Business & Management Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSAT, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Corporate-Sustainability-Practices-and-Organizational-Economic-Performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Academic Performance of Students in Mathematics and English: A Case Study of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Dost Muhammad Khan Amjad Ali Inayat Ullah Alamgir Academic Performance Chi-square Student’s achievements Socioeconomic status Association The present study investigates the major factors associated with academic performance of students in Mathematics and English. The data are collected from matric level students who have passed the 9th class examination in the area of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan through questionnaire. The performance in these two subjects is measured through scores of students in 9th class board examination in these subjects. Significant factors in the performance in these subjects are measured through Chi-square test of association. The analysis conclude that the factors area, accommodation, daily study hour, parent’s education and parent’s concept of Mathematics and English were found to be significantly associated with the performance in these two subjects. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Abstract 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Academic-Performance-of-Students-in-Mathematics-and-English:-A-Case-Study-of-District-Malakand,-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa,-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Political Factors and Sectarian Identities in Tribal Areas of Pakistan Arshad Khan Bangash Muhammad Farid Fariha Bibi Sectarianism State Writ External Patronage Militants Nationalist Political Forces. The study titled “political factors and sectarian identities in tribal areas of Pakistan” was carried out in tribal district Kurram under positivistic tools of the data collection. A sample size of 300 respondents was randomly selected with equal proportion of Shia and Sunni from the study universe and questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection. The data was portrayed at uni-variate level with the help of frequency and percentage distribution. The association between dependent (sectarianism) and independent (political factors) variables was ascertained through Chi-Square test statistics at bivaraite level of analysis. The study concluded that alongside the local people, state agencies are either involved in sectarianism or they are unable to handle the situations. Soviet-US proxy war and United States invasion in Afghanistan accelerate the occurrences of sectarian violence in the area that became most horrible after Pakistan entrance into US coalition in war against terrorism. The local militants are enjoying external patronage for carrying anti-state operations in the area. Previously, political activities were banned in tribal areas that not only affect the conventional politics but also restrict the intervention of nationalist political forces in the region. Further, mainstream political parties are taking less interest to resolve the issue, while some political parties also ideologically supporting sect-based politics. Strict ban on militant groups, formation of strict laws for preventing militancy, and keeping open eyes on external transitions in the area were forwarded some of the recommendations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Gender Studies, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Sociology, Department of Sociology and Gender Studies, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, Agriculture University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Political-Factors-and-Sectarian-Identities-in-Tribal-Areas-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Literary Responses to the War on Terror: A Psychological Analysis Aisha Jadoon Samia Wasif Uzma Imtiaz War Terror Youth Tribal Area Psychological Effects Politics as theory and practice of the power, and the existence of authoritative structures for the governance of a country remains among the staple contents of imaginative literature. The catastrophic incident of 9/11 at the turn of the new millennium has not only impacted the international politics but also resulted in the proliferation of political ideas in the literary writings. Glut production of fiction on War on Terror exposes the readers to the wide range of ideological constructions regarding the issue. Compared to the theoretical discourse, fiction serves as a better medium to persuasively depict the emotional and psychological traumas of the local population whose lives continue to suffer years after the 9/11 tragedy. In particular, Fatima Bhutto’s novel The Shadow of the Crescent Moon (2013) counters the fixed ideas about War on Terror. By portraying the social and political relationships and institutions within which this evil conflict thrives, she draws into our imagination the understanding and reality of the War on Terror, and to those who are its worst victims. For Bhutto, the psychological understanding of the worst victims of war on terror reveal that neither West nor the Pakistani state has suffered those dire consequences that the youth of the tribal areas face. As a consequence of this unending war, their fate is sealed as ‘lost generation’, both as a result of denial of justice, and the destruction caused by war on terror. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Abstract 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Literary-Responses-to-the-War-on-Terror:-A-Psychological-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Relationship Between Ostracism and Turnover Intention: Role of Commitment as a Mediator Nazim Ali Zahid Ali Adnan Khan Workplace Ostracism Turnover Intention Teachers; Organizational Commitment The basic objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of OC between WO and TI among the teaching faculty of universities of KP, Pakistan. Data were collected via questionnaires from 207 teachers. SPSS and Amos were used to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between WO and turnover intention, while a significant negative relationship between WO and OC and between OC and TI was confirmed. The results also revealed a significant partial mediation of OC between WO and turnover intention. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Relationship-Between-Ostracism-and-Turnover-Intention-Role-of-Commitment-as-a-Mediator https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Analysis of the Major Theories of Federalism Muhammad Tariq Arif Khan Muhammad Rizwan Classical Modern Theory Models Federalism This article discusses federalism and deferent theories related to it. Federalism as a theory, as a concept and as an organizational structure refers to the distribution of powers between the two levels of the government. It stands for unity, cooperation, and interdependence between the central government and the component units. Being dynamic in nature, it adopts changes according to the prevailing conditions of the country. An attempt has been made to elucidate federalism from two broad perspectives of the classical approach and Modern approach. The classical approach restricts federalism to cooperation and independence with quasi federalism, coupled with the element of encroachment from the federal government. This approach is merely based upon the doctrine of legal formalism or formalism fallacy. The modern approach focuses on two cardinal principles of cooperation and interdependence. The modern theory is a broad term and encompasses many forms of federalism within its ambit. Humanity Publications PhD in Political Science, Elementary & Secondary Education,Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in Political Science, University of Buner (Swari) Chairman Department of Pak Studies, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Analysis-of-the-Major-Theories-of-Federalism https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Will the Stock Market Index Upsurge or Deflate? Making Calculated Predictions Using the Univariate Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Technique Mustafa Afeef Nazim Ali Adnan Khan Box-Jenkins Methodology ARIMA KSE 100 Index Prediction Stationarity Time Series Movements in a stock market index may safely be considered one of the mostwatched out phenomena by investors in almost every economy. One method to forecast the index is to study all those external factors that directly affect it. Another way, however, is to base ones predictions on the past behavior of the variable of interest. This paper has employed the method described latter and has, therefore, made use of the ARIMA modeling. In this connection, the daily stock market index data of the Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index was taken for twenty years from 1997 to 2017 which translated into 4940 observations. The study revealed that the model was decently efficient in forecasting the KSE 100 Index, though only for the short-range. The upshot of this study may be utilized specifically by short term investors in deciding on when, and when not, to invest in the stock market. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Management Studies,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Will-the-Stock-Market-Index-Upsurge-or-Deflate-Making-Calculated-Predictions-Using-the-Univariate-Autoregressive-Integrated-Moving-Average-Technique https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Studying the Operational Management Strategies for Promoting Quality of Secondary Education Muhammad Ismail Durrani Irshad Hussain Muhammad Ali Rasheed Operational Management Quality Education Strategies Administration Secondary Education. This study examined the operational management strategies for promoting the quality of education at the secondary level in Punjab Province. The secondary school heads, teachers and students were subjects of the study. It used three questionnaires developed for them respectively. The findings suggest that the head teacher perceived his role as an operation manager. These role dimensions indicate that the head teacher acts as an educational manager by using operational management strategies deliver professional support to teachers by; solving the school-based problems of their teachers, promoting a culture of discipline in the school, conducting a performance evaluation of school staff and checking lesson plans regularly, consulting teachers in academic decisions, holding periodic meetings of teachers regarding coverage of syllabus and maintaining conducive to the working environment in their schools. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor (Chairman), Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Studying-the-Operational-Management-Strategies-for-Promoting-Quality-of-Secondary-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Social Media's Moral Reckoning and Positive Engagement: Analyzing Its Effectiveness for Peace and Prevention of War Inayat Kalim Muhammad Mubeen Sohail Ahmad Social Media Communication Harmony Global Peace Conflict Prevention Today, technological advancement has largely altered human existence and has turned this globe more interdependent. In this development, means of communication play a substantial role in promoting peace, harmony, and interaction among multi-cultural societies and discouraging notions of conflict and animosity. Communication is the carrier of culture; it is the key of any relationship, be it interpersonal or intrapersonal. Without communication, no dialogue is possible. Social media, being the cheapest source of communication, is considered only a reliable and effective way of universal interaction, which is tremendous for a peaceful global relation. Social media, along with its approaches, has helped prevent conflict and has helped link people with the world. It breaks the communication barriers and opens opportunities for a peaceful international connection. Its proliferation has served as a bridge between the states and cross-cultures. Moreover, it promotes education, awareness, and a sense of belonging among people and sensitizes them about adverse repercussions of war, terrorism, climate degradation, and cultivates positivity to reserve the amity sphere. This research attempts to analyze social media as an effective tool to bring peace and harmony in the world and can help prevent an environment of animosity and conflict. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/social-medias-moral-reckoning-and-positive-engagement-analyzing-its-effectiveness-for-peace-and-prevention-of-war https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Development of Islamic Integrated Education in Pakistan since 1947: Current Needs for the Globalized World Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Anila Fatima Shakil Abdur Rehman Historical Development Islamic Integrated Education Globalized World Education entails much significance and prominence for building a nation. Every country has certain policies and planning in terms of how their education system should work. Since Pakistan has been independent of Islamic values and religious autonomy, Islamic education is the fundamental and most crucial element. In this regard, this research paper has aimed to discover the timeline of how Islamic education was integrated into the Pakistani curriculum. The research findings have suggested that the educational policies of Pakistan from 1969 to date are emphasizing the inclusion of Islamic education into the modern secular system. However, most Islamic-educated colleges are not effectively addressing Islamic education as required in national policies as part of the compulsory part of the curriculum. Nevertheless, a more effective balance between secular education and Islamic education is found between new Islamic integrated schools to prepare students for the challenges of this globalized world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Qurtuba University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Development-of-Islamic-Integrated-Education-in-Pakistan-since-1947-Current-Needs-for-the-Globalized-World https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Attitude of Prospective Teachers towards Guidance and Counseling Services in Distance Education of Pakistan Muhammad Abdul Malik Irshad Hussain Prospective Teachers Guidance and Counseling Services Tutor Student Counselor Distance Education This study evaluated the attitude of prospective teachers towards “guidance and counseling services” in distance education. The survey method was used for data collection from 730 B.Ed. learners of the AIOU by using questionnaires on a five-point rating (Likert) scale. The results indicated that the majority of the prospective teachers (80.24%) appeared to be satisfied with information services and the channels of providing such services by AIOU. More than half of the respondents (57.81%, 57.59%, and 57.81%) appeared were unsatisfied with the provision of tutors information, guidance by their tutors on writing assignments, and tutorial meetings (respectively). Overall, more than half of the respondents appeared with their positive perception about “guidance and counseling services”. The study recommended tutors training on how to tutor in distance education; how-to guide and facilitate distance learners in writing good assignments. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Preston University Kohat, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor (Chairman), Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Attitude-of-Prospective-Teachers-towards-Guidance-and-Counseling-Services-in-Distance-Education-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Ethics of Conducting Research in Social Sciences at the University Level in Pakistan Shahla Gul Qaisara Parveen Muhammad Imran Yousuf Ethical practices Research ethics Quality Ethical consideration has a fundamental importance in conducting any research. It plays an important role, especially in social science. This study is designed to examine the perceptions and practices of research students towards ethical concerns in conducting social sciences research. A survey design was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised all the public sector universities of Pakistan. The sample of 26 public universities was selected from all administrative areas of Pakistan. Document review was further used to identify ethical concerns in social sciences research and a self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. This study revealed that students were not completely aware of the ethical norms of their research in social sciences. Most of the research students do not obey the research norm during conducting their study in social sciences. This study also highlights the impact of research aptitude on the quality of research and it helps to improve the performance of students in the context of research. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Research Scholar,Department of Education,PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Education,PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Ethics-of-Conducting-Research-in-Social-Sciences-at-the-University-Level-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Formative Assessment and Feedback on Higher Education Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Abdul Majeed Khan Formative Assessment Feedback Higher Education. This research study is based on the literature review through documentary analysis. In this study it is aimed to find out the impact of formative and feedback assessment in Higher Education in Pakistan. Assessment is a key role to enhance both teaching and learning and is needed in assuring the nature of training development, including analytic testing, strategies are related to formal and no formal assessment strategies directed by teachers amid the learning procedure with the end goal to adjust educating and learning exercises to enhance understudy achievement. Input is the best apparatus when started by the understudy, related to self and associate to assessment. The study was discussed in detail through theoretical framework on nature formative feedback and formative assessment. It is well up to the mark and standard policy documented about the assessment that has a great influence on the teaching and learning process. Humanity Publications Associate Professor,Institute of Education & Research,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Formative-Assessment-and-Feedback-on-Higher-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Participation of Community through Parents Teacher Councils regarding Curricular and Co-curricular Activities in Public Sector Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Abdul Hafeez Malik Amer Atta Muhammad Ayaz Parent Teacher Council Community Participation Curricular Activities coCurricular Activities Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study focuses on the participation of community through PTC in the arrangement of different curricular and co-curricular activities in schools for betterment of students and enhancement of their qualities. A valid and reliable questionnaire was served to the two categories of stakeholders i.e. PTC members (Chairman and secretary) and Non-PTC members (Parents and Teachers). A sample of one hundred schools randomly selected from two districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Mean, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, t-distribution and p-value were applied as statistical tools. Responses of both groups show moderate response and show that participation of community is found for the first variable i.e. arranging curricular activities but there is opposite opinion found in the point of view of both group regarding the arrangement of co-curricular activities in schools; response of PTC members group is positive but non PTC members group did not support it. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of I.E.R, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of I.E.R, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Education & Research, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Participation-of-Community-through-Parents-Teacher-Councils-regarding-Curricular-and-Co-curricular-Activities-in-Public-Sector-Schools-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Transforming Learning Through Digital Devices: Exploring the Role of the Digital Devices in Developing Learning for the Postgraduates Nasrin Akhter Mahboob Ali Muhammad Shah Gadgets Digital Devices Communicatio n Learning Process Digital devices are expected to help teachers and students learn and to write jobs with digital devices in particular in their teaching and evaluation practices. This study seeks to examine the teachers and students perceptions of the advanced uses of digital devices. This study is mixed methods research as the quantitative method and qualitative method. Therefore, in using mixed methods, a researcher using mixed tools for data collection and the mixed methods give high valid and useful data. The researcher will use a questionnaire developed by the research by looking at the literature to find the relevant themes. Moreover, 10 teachers were interviewed. Findings indicate that the majority of young students are higher in number than other age of students getting new information using digital devices. The majority of student opinions regarding digital devices are positive in getting opportunities in the learning process. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Qurtuba University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Transforming-Learning-Through-Digital-Devices:-Exploring-the-Role-of-the-Digital-Devices-in-Developing-Learning-for-the-Postgraduates https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Investigating the Gender Difference in Following Various Study Patterns Tehsin Ehsan Naveed Sultana Muhammad Shah Gender Difference Study Pattern Environmental Study The study aims at finding gender difference in the study patterns and environment of study followed by different university students in Pakistan. To undertake this study, we have collected data from 1334 university students (male= 649, female = 685) in Pakistan. They respond of the self-reported questionnaires on five study patterns such as study aloud, walking while studying, study silently, watching TV or listening to music while studying and group study and environment of study like as Calm place ( e.g. bedroom, study room), Noisy place (e.g. T.V lounge), Library / Lab study, Lawn / Cafe campus. The difference between male and female students was examined with an independent t-test. It found that gender plays a significant role in differentiating the pattern of studying aloud. No gender difference was observed for all other forms of study and environment. The study suggests conducting more research in future to clear the gender role. Humanity Publications Lecturer, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairperson, Department of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Qurtuba University, D.I.Khan, KP, pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-gender-difference-in-following-various-study-patterns https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Human Resource Development Practices and Faculty Development: A Review in the Context of Pakistani Universities Shehzad Ahmed Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Abdul Shakoor Human Resource Development Human Resource Practices Structural Equation Modeling. Human resource has been the pivotal factor for sustainable development of any organization. The study aims at finding the effects of institutional activities of human resource development currently in place in the public and private universities in Pakistan and to develop an appropriate faculty development framework/model to improve current level of performance. The research was limited to the Punjab province. The sample of the study included executive and administrative heads, HR mangers and faculty members of social sciences department of ten randomly selected universities of Punjab. Data from was gathered through a self-developed and piloted questionnaire HRDAS and analyzed using statistical software (AMOS) version 21 and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework/model. The results reflect that the formation and recruitment process for human capital, training and development, compensation and profit and mentoring, contribute significantly to the growth of faculties and organizations. The suggested model will improve faculty and institutional performance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/human-resource-development-practices-and-faculty-development-a-review-in-the-context-of-pakistani-universities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Evaluation of Cognitive and Effective Domain of Environmental Education in School Curriculum Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Hukam Dad Cognitive domain Effective domain The Education has been considered a tool to bring a desired social change in the society, and to achieve this goal Curriculum is the right instrument. This research study was conducted to assess integrated environmental education principles within the school curricula. This study main objective was to analyze the four basic components of the curricula: aims, material, teaching methods and assessment. This research was delimited to the region of Punjab and Islamabad and Class 1-10 high school level. A sample of 370 teacher and 3550 students was selected using Stratified random sampling technique. The researcher personally visited the local areas of Islamabad, Attock Mianwali and Sheikhupura to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The statistical analysis of the test revealed that cognitive domain of the students and the teachers had shown significant improvement, however there was no significant difference in the attitudinal domain. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit – Baltistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-cognitive-and-effective-domain-of-environmental-education-in-school-curriculum https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal System for Government Secondary School Teachers in Punjab Naveed Azmat Khuda Bakhsh Khaliq Hussain Performance Appraisal System Secondary School Teacher Professional Excellence Principal Punjab Performance Appraisal of the team is a core element of administration to achieve the required objectives of an organization. The study was intended to measure the effectiveness of the existing performance appraisal system towards professional excellence of secondary school teachers as perceived by their principals. Two hundred secondary school principals were found available as a sample to mark the questionnaire. The researcher himself developed a questionnaire for the principals to seek their opinions on the present performance appraisal system. The data collected were analyzed with descriptive statistics. It was found that the effectiveness of the system is of moderate level in Punjab. The performance appraisal system contributed fifty-nine per cent to the professional excellence of the teachers. Some strong recommendations were also written on the basis of findings to see the performance appraisal system more effective Humanity Publications PhD scholar, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Student, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effectiveness-of-performance-appraisal-system-for-government-secondary-school-teachers-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Investigating the Support of Social Media for Leadership Styles: A Survey of Teachers from Higher Education in DI-Khan KP Pakistan Azmat Ali Shah Muhammad Zubair Baloch Raza Ullah Shah Teachers from Higher Education Social Media Transformation al & Transactional Leadership Style People with some digital literacy using social media seem more inclined to transformational leadership style and simultaneously, dislike and avoid a preference for the transactional type of leaders. The reason is that TRF is based on high connectivity between leader and followers, while TRS runs on the documented rules and regulations without any continuous change so subordinates are given guidelines once and no need of constant communication. This study investigates the existence of these links among the Faculty members of universities in D.I.Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objective is to statistically measure the nature and strength of the hypothesized links among educated citizens. The statistical results are supportive at the level of positive and negative relations; however, the readings from connections show varying statistics regarding the power of the links. The simultaneous existence of both positive and negative impacts of SM has been well established with huge statistical scores. Further, the demographic impacts have also been verified from the field study. The findings contain a package of guidelines for the concerned people to focus on their SM and TRF to get more effective results from the connections. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology DI Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Gomal University DI.Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology DI Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-support-of-social-media-for-leadership-styles-a-survey-of-teachers-from-higher-education-in-dikhan-kp-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Dividend Policy on Share Price Evidence from Textile Sector PSX-100 Index Sanaullah Khan Muhammad Faizan Malik Shehzad Khan Dividend Policy Share Price This paper attempts to determine the impact of dividend policy on stock price in Pakistan. A sample of 20 textile listed companies in PSX is examined for a period from 2010 to 2017. The empirical estimation is based on a panel regression analysis of the relationship between dividend policy and share price and also used fixed effect model. Secondary data were used by the researcher in the study. The study has taken share price as a dependent variable while the dividend policy is an independent variable. The dividend policy was measure by different proxy such as SDS, DPR, EPS, PAT and ROE. The result explained that the ROE and EPS have significant positive relationship with share price while the SDS, PAT and DPR have negative association with share price. Although the results are not robust enough as in the case of developed markets but are consistent with the behavior of emerging markets Humanity Publications MBA Student, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-dividend-policy-on-share-price-evidence-from-textile-sector-psx100-index https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Student Teachers' Motivation, Expectations, Issues and Satisfaction on the Recently Reformed Teacher Education Program in Public Sector Universities and Colleges in Pakistan Kamal ud Din Fareeha Javed Fasiha Altaf StudentTeacher Teacher Education Teacher Motivation Teacher Expectations ADE B.Ed. Hons This study aimed to explore studentteachers perceptions of their motivation, present concerns, expectations and satisfaction with various aspects of the recently developed teacher education program of ADE and B.Ed Hons. in public sector universities in Pakistan. The study employed a qualitative interpretive approach. A semi-structured interview was carried out with 150 prospective teachers. A thematic analysis of the interview data revealed that the participants' perceived social status, that teaching being the most respectable job, was the most described motivational factor. Lack of information and ambiguous rules and regulation on the nature and status of the ADE and B.Ed. Hons program were the key sources of their present concerns. The participants' perceptions showed a significant improvement in overall teaching quality, while teacher cooperation and commitment were the areas of dissatisfaction. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Balitstan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-student-teachers-motivation-expectations-issues-and-satisfaction-on-the-recently-reformed-teacher-education-program-in-public-sector-universities-and-colleges-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Postcolonial Merger/Dissolution of Identities in In-Between Spaces: A Diaspora Study of Ondaatje's The English Patient Qasim Shafiq Asim Aqeel Qamar Sumaira Diaspora Identity in-between Spaces Post-Colonialism World War II The epistemological shift from colonialism to postcolonialism refashioned the colonial conceptualization of gender, race, geopolitical locale and sexual orientation to focus on those processes theorized by Homi K. Bhabha as 'in-between spaces'. With the delimitation of Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient (1992), this research explores how these 'in-between spaces' led colonialism and its subjects to the postcolonial / post-World War II milieu. The colonizers were not psychologically resilient enough to survive the hybrid 'in-between space' that dismantled the binary of the self and the other. The post-colonial subject, like the colonial subject, is a collage, not stable or autonomous, because it exists in a hybrid space of the enunciation of two cultures which cannot sustain its independent identity: in The English Patient, the diaspora located at the cultural boundaries of the Europeans and their home countries merges and dissolves into the in-between spaces acquainted with their anxiety and passion of nationhood and the nationlessness. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Linguistics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/postcolonial-mergerdissolution-of-identities-in-inbetween-spaces-a-diaspora-study-of-ondaatjes-the-english-patient- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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CPEC and Politics of Infrastructural Development Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Infrastructure CPEC BRI Pakistan China China-Pakistan's economic corridor provides a strategic link to Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) and its global outreach. The infrastructural connectivity between China and Pakistan is primarily focused on the trade route to get access in the markets of theMiddle East, Europe, and Africa. In the context of CPEC,what does infrastructure mean? What does it reflect/represent? And to whom is it? Are the major questions that have been explored in this paper.Infrastructural development encompasses a holistic social sphere that relates to physical and institutional structures. It also facilitates the flow of commodities, including capita land sources of production. After the 9/11 incident, Pakistan became a front line state against the war on terror; then, its internal and external factors compelled Pakistan towards Chinese-led infrastructural development to consolidate State power. This paper is an attempt to explore the politics of infrastructure development in the context of CPEC. The findings are based on empirical evidence with strong insights from a theoretical framework. Positivist, post positivist, and critical approaches have been used to explore the relationship between CPEC and the politics of infrastructural development. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cpec-and-politics-of-infrastructural-development https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Portrayal of Piggy's Mind in Lord of the Flies in the Light of Ghazalian Theory of Soul and Freudian Psychoanalysis Shumaila Mazhar Mehwish Malghani Shabana Akhtar Psychoanalysis Unconscious Conscience Soul This study inquires into the intricacies of the human mind, as portrayed through the character of Piggy in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. For an in depth analysis, the theoretical framework of Ghazali (1058-1111) and Freud (1856-1939) is used. The study has adapted Attride Sterling’s (2001) model of textual data analysis. This analysis, inside the parameters of the selected theories, provides an insight into the relevance of the psychological issues in modern world, thus strengthening our belief in the similar workings of the human mind, regardless of the variances in time and space. Moreover, it has also revealed that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying the human mind has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Portrayal-of-Piggys-Mind-in-Lord-of-the-Flies-in-the-Light-of-Ghazalian-Theory-of-Soul-and-Freudian-Psychoanalysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Economic Issues and Ethical Journalism in Pakistan: Prospects and Challenges Malik Adnan Arshad Ali Shahbaz Aslam Local Journalism Journalists Issues Economic Pressures Journalists are expected to perform truthfully and ethically which contributes to the strengthening of democracy by sharing reliable information. However, the political economy of media suggests that political and economic elites use the media for their vested interests. Politicians and media owners exploit working journalists. Journalists are not well paid, and they are forced to do unethical practices. The present study explores the journalists’ economic issues at Gujranwala (A city of Punjab, Pakistan) and how economic issues affect the ethical practices of journalists. Data was collected through in-depth interviews of 13 working journalists of Gujranwala city. Findings revealed that journalists are facing serious economic issues and these issues are leading them to unethical practices. It is suggested that government, judiciary, NGOs and journalistic bodies should play an effective role for overcoming this alarming situation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Economic-Issues-and-Ethical-Journalism-in-Pakistan-Prospects-and-Challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Globalization on National Security Waseem Ishaque Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Noor Fatima Globalization National Security Interdependence Interconnectivity National security now-a-days is a much broader and comprehensive concept which apart from military security takes into account all dimensions affecting human security with inclusive consideration to all Elements of National Power of a Nation State. Similarly, globalization means interdependence, advancing integration, and homogenization of the world. Globalization has assumed profound power this century, which captures the opinion that happenings in one part of the globe will have significant influence on the regions and the world at large. This research article will explore several dimensions of notion of globalization, its linkages and effects on national security. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Managment Studies,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Globalization-on-National-Security https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Linguistic Variations across Disciplines: A Multidimensional Analysis of Pakistani Research Articles Aniqa Rashid Muhammad Asim Mahmood Pakistani English Register Variation Research Articles Academic Writing Multidimensional Analysis The current research explores the linguistic identity of Pakistani Academic writing register of Research Articles. Previous quantitative works on Pakistani academic writing have been insufficient due to unrepresentative data and lack of internal and external comparison. This study discovers the language of Pakistani research articles as an academic writing register by investigating the statistically significant linguistic variation among the disciplines of Pakistani Research articles, using Biber’s (1988) five textual dimensions. The results of the study exhibit Pakistani academic research articles language as highly impersonal, non-persuasive, explicit, nonnarrative and informational. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, National University of Modern Languages Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Linguistic-Variations-across-Disciplines-A-Multidimensional-Analysis-of-Pakistani-Research-Articles https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Development of Islamic Finance and Fostering the Influence of Moral Values and Personal Factors in Investment Decision Romana Bangash Zeeshan Zeb Khattak Hanana Khan Islamic Economy Moral Factors Behavioral Finance Investment Since the reform movement of the Muslim World from the midnineteenth century, many Islamic Financial institutions have been established. Subsequently, in 2001 the first Islamic banking policy was issued by the State bank of Pakistan and thereafter, Pakistan has faced many commercial, accountability and regulatory challenges in transforming the economy into an Islamic Economy. In this study, we find out whether the development of the Islamic Economy has fostered moral values in investors. This study, hence, aims to discuss the foundamental issues in moral values behind an investment decision while taking in account some personal factors influencing investment decisions. Data has been collected with the help of a questionnaire, where its reliability is confirmed by Cronbach Alpha, followed by correlation and multiple Regression tests. The results show a significant role of certain moral factors in investment decisions. Humanity Publications Institute of Management Sciences, Hayatabad, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Economics,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Development-of-Islamic-Finance-and-Fostering-the-Influence-of-Moral-Values-and-Personal-Factors-in-Investment-Decision https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Corporate Social Responsibility Performance, State Ownership and Executive Compensation: Empirical Evidence from China Abdur Rauf Kashif Amin Zafar Saleem CSR Performance; Executive Compensation; StateOwnership; Agency Theory; China This analysis focus corporate social responsibility and executive compensation in China and also tests the relationship between state possession and executive compensation in presence of CSR. The estimated results confirm our hypotheses true in the selected sample of 2011 to 2014 of China. The firms with high CSR performances positively moderate the previously negative or no relationship between state-ownership and executive compensation. Application of 2SLS and GMM guaranteed the robustness of the results to potential endogeneities. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Economics,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,Qurtuba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, AJK, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Corporate-Social-Responsibility-Performance-State-Ownership-and-Executive-Compensation-Empirical-Evidence-from-China https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Professionalism as a Moral Code of Secondary School Teachers Naseer Ahmad Shahid Nasreen Akhter Shahzadi Iqra Naz Malik Professionalism Moral Code Teachers' Insight Teachers' Practices Secondary School Teachers Teachers are given a moral code and expected to follow the ethics while working in institutions. Monitoring authorities are responsible for observing the school teachers’ enactment of the professional code and take action against delinquents. The present study investigates professionalism as a moral code of secondary school teachers by a survey of their perceptions. A questionnaire and observation sheet were used as data collection tools. The sample of the study was forty schools and 120 teachers from Bahawalpur District in Pakistan chosen through multistage sampling. Results through mean comparison using a paired t- test indicated that the majority of teachers had insight about professionalism but did not practice it. It is therefore recommended that education departments should utilize this aspect in their teachers and deploy special mechanisms for the practice of professionalism. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Professionalism-as-a-Moral-Code-of-Secondary-School-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Comparative Exploration of the Effect of Differentiated Teaching Method vs. Traditional Teaching Method on Students Learning at A level Muhammad Kamran Namra Munir Rashid Minas Wattoo Differentiated Teaching Method Traditional Teaching Method Students' Learning Physics This study explores the effect of differentiated teaching method vs. traditional teaching method on students’ learning at ‘A’ level. It is an experimental research, conducted in Aitchison College. By applying simple random sampling technique, 70 students are selected as a sample from the population. Pre-test and post-test are conducted for data collection. Research investigates, how differentiated method of teaching effects learners’ academic achievement. The retention level of the students who are taught via differentiated teaching and traditional teaching method is. After conducting a posttest, data is analyzed with pair-sample and independent sample t-test by using SPSS. Analysis shows that the students taught via differentiated teaching have more power of retention than the students taught via traditional teaching methods. The control group perform up to application level while experimental group perform up to evaluation level of cognitive domain. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Comparative-Exploration-of-the-Effect-of-Differentiated-Teaching-Method-vs-Traditional-Teaching-Method-on-Students-Learning-at-A-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Incorporation of Peace Education in Existing Secondary Level Curriculum and Teachers Practice Basharat Ali Khan Azhar Mahmood Wajeeha Aurangzeb Peace Education Teachers Curriculum Secondary Peace education is a new discipline which is being introduced in the existing curriculum in the world. Peace education is mandatory for reducing violence and developing positive thinking. The major aim of this study was to examine the need of peace education and to investigate the perception of teachers for incorporating peace education in existing curriculum at Secondary level. The study was descriptive in nature. All the secondary school teachers (753) of district Attock were included in population of the study. Of these, 255 teachers were taken as a sample through a random sampling technique. The researcher employed a validated questionnaire for collecting data. The major findings showed that the teachers favored the inclusion of peace education as a compulsory subject at secondary level. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Incorporation-of-Peace-Education-in-Existing-Secondary-Level-Curriculum-and-Teachers-Practice https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Working Capital Management on Firm Performance: The Role of Ownership Structure Shams ur Rahman Khurshed Iqbal Aamir Nadeem Working Capital Management Firm Performance Ownership Structure Current study investigates the effect of working capital management on firm performance with the moderating role of ownership structure. A random sample of 77 firms for the period 2011-2015 was selected. By using fixed effect model the study demonstrated statistically significant negative relationship of leverage, average collection period and quick ratio on firm performance, while current ratio, account payable and inventory turnover found with positive significant effect on Firm Performance. Further, the effect of working capital on firm performance was positively affected by Institutional ownership and negatively affected by Managerial ownership. Thus, the results suggest that the owner/manager needs to manage their limited resources efficiently for the improvement of profitability. It is also advised that investor and shareholder pay attention to the level of institutional and managerial ownership at the time of investment.. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, IBMS, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Business Administration, Iqra National University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-Working-Capital-Management-on-Firm-Performance-The-Role-of-Ownership-Structure https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Keats and Faiz: The Introverts, the Philocalist Kinsmen and the State of Cyclothymia Ali Naqi Aisha Jadoon Uzma Imtiaz Beauty Faiz Introversion Keats Symbols Of personality theories, one of the major traits is introversion which makes people self-oriented. Introverts are more focused on their emotions, thoughts and moods. The present paper examines the reflection of Jung’s concept of personality theory in the poetry of John Keats and Faiz Ahmad Faiz; the major romantic poets of two diverse literary traditions. Both poets are primarily concerned with the feelings and sentiments of self; their works, thereby, manifest their personal life and emotional status. Carl Jung, the significant contributor to the field of psychology, distributes the human personality into two spheres i.e. ‘Introvert’ and ‘Extrovert’. Each type of human personality is further divided into four functions such as ‘thinking’, ‘feeling’, ‘sensation’ and ‘intuition’. The focus of this study is on the three functions of Introvert i.e. ‘thinking’, ‘feeling’ and ‘sensation’. By means of objects of beauty which are expressed through signs and symbols. Both poets construct a similar world of imagination. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Keats-and-Faiz-The-Introverts-the-Philocalist-Kinsmen-and-the-State-of-Cyclothymia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Industry Wages in Pakistan (1995-2015) Umer Khalid Trade Liberalization Wages Input/ Output Tariffs The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages and tobacco, textiles, apparel and leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical and petroleum and basic metals industries. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Economics,Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-trade-liberalization-on-the-industry-wages-in-pakistan-19952015- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Media Imperialism and Cultural Dissatisfaction: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students in Islamabad Farrukh Nazir Arshad Ali Assumption Cultural Dissatisfaction Media Imperialism Undergraduate Students The objective of the research was to dig out the effects of exposure to western television channels among the undergraduate students in Islamabad on their cultural dissatisfaction. The extent of dissatisfaction about Pakistani culture and positive assumptions in favor of western culture was noted. A convenient sampled survey with equal representation of male and female gender was applied. It was found that exposure to western television channels makes an alien world in the minds of audience (t=3.02). A considerable variance in assumption inclined to foreign culture was assessed (β=0.32). Moreover, income and time spent remained the important factors to make the western alien culture a reality. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Media-Imperialism-and-Cultural-Dissatisfaction-A-Case-Study-of-Undergraduate-Students-in-Islamabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Digital Literacy Effect on the Academic Performance of Students at Higher Education Level in Pakistan Qaisar Abbas Shafqat Hussain Shafqat Rasool Digital Literacy Academic Performance Higher Education Level The purpose of current study was to explore the effect of digital literacy on academic performance of the students at higher education level. The study was mixed method and data were gathered with a questionnaire and semistructured interviews. The validity and reliability of the scales were ensured through experts' opinion, pilot testing and Croanbach Alpha score. The population comprised the students of M.S/M.Phil and Ph.D. A sample of 800 students was selected randomly from 10 Universities. The statistical tests like mean, standard deviation and correlation were used. Results revealed that digital literacy had significant effects on communication skills, research skills and confidence of the students and insignificant effect on students' CGPA. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Digital-Literacy-Effect-on-the-Academic-Performance-of-Students-at-Higher-Education-Level-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Servant Leadership and Enhancement of Organizational Performance Muhammad Hashim Muhammad Azizullah Khan Saqib Adnan Organizational performance servant leadership universities and Peshawar The Servant Leader Model is a theory that advances administration, supports trust, coordinates effort, future-arranges and utilizes moral capacity to engage others, focusing on good ethical practices. This study inspects the faculty of public and private universities in Peshawar for elements of servant leader behavior (wisdom, emotional healing and persuasive mapping) and effect on performance. Drawing on information from 95 teaching faculty members from different universities, we discovered help for the immediate impact of the all elements of servant leader behavior administration on universities performance. The findings add to servant leadership practices, in like manner to values-based administration, which conceivably may include novel literature regarding the relationship between servant leadership and performance of universities teachers. Implications form the last part of the paper. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. MS Scholar, IBMS, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Servant-Leadership-and-Enhancement-of-Organizational-Performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of Dissolution of Marriage on Account of the Missing Husband (Mafqud-ul-Khaber) and Women Problems Shehla Riaz Farkhanda Zia Marriage (Nikah) Dissolution of Marriage act 1939 It is not only a husband who has been given a right to divorce his wife in case of any discord but the wife has also been given a right to ask for separation in Islam. Islam commands the husband to retain the wife in kindness and to take every possible measure for maximization of marital success. This paper provides an analytical study of the right of women in Islamic and Pakistani laws to get separation when her husband remains missing. It also analyzes the status of the missing of the husband and the problems faced by the wife while getting separation through court in case of a missing husband. A survey in the form of interviews was conducted to highlight the reasons of not filing the missing husband cases in the courts. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-of-dissolution-of-marriage-on-account-of-the-missing-husband-mafqudulkhaber-and-women-problems- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Working Capital and Fixed Investment Effect on Sales Growth in SAARC Countries SMEs Asad Ullah Muhammad Khushnood Hafizullah SMEs Informal Finance Nonbank Financial Institute SAARC The study investigates the impact of various financing sources of working capital and fixed investment on sales growth. Population of the study comprises South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries’ small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Data of 6777 SMEs is retrieved from World Bank’s website. Multiple regression model is used to achieve the study objectives. Results signify a positive link between bank financing use for working capital and sales growth while the negative link between friends and family finance and sales growth is observed. Similarly all formal sources of finance used for fixed investment have positive link with sales growth. Finally, it is found that the government interventions and policy makers can alleviate access to formal sources of finance for boosting sales growth. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Institute of Business studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Working-Capital-and-Fixed-Investment-Effect-on-Sales-Growth-in-SAARC-Countries-SMEs https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effective Use of Classroom Management Techniques in Overcrowded Classrooms Tehseen Tahir Kifayat Khan Wajeeha Aurangzeb Effective Classroom Management Techniques Overcrowded This study was conducted to find the effective use of classroom management techniques in overcrowded classroom. It also explored factors that influence overcrowded classrooms. 30 secondary school teachers participated in the study. A questionnaire and a check list were used for the collection of the data. The findings indicated that teachers used different management techniques in the overcrowded classrooms. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Additional Director,Quality Enhancement Cell, University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effective-Use-of-Classroom-Management-Techniques-in-Overcrowded-Classrooms https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Gender, Age and Locality Based Social Intelligence Differences of B.Ed. (Hons) Students Asghar Ali Iqbal Ahmad Adnan Khan Intelligence Social Intelligence Gender Age Semester Social intelligence has increasingly caught the attention of researchers and scholars in the present times. This research aims at exploring difference in social intelligence mean of male and female university students. Secondly, it explores the effect of age and locality on social intelligence through cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from all (150) students enrolled in semester 8 and 4 BS education course in four public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). 71 were female whereas 79 were male in the sample. Data were analysed based on ANOVA test and independent sample t-test through SPSS. The study found no significant difference on gender and locality. But there was a significant relationship related to age. The findings of this study demonstrated that social intelligence increases with age. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Qurtaba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Gender-Age-and-Locality-Based-Social-Intelligence-Differences-of-B.Ed-Hons-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing the Impact of Usage of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) on Job Performance: Mediating Role of Information Overload Muhammad Riaz Muzaffar Ali Qureshi Information overload Usage of SNSs Job Performance Social Networking Sites (SNSs) have been playing a crucial role in influencing the overall performance of an organization and the job performance of employees. It leads to information overload that is a significant barrier for the general effectiveness of a business model. Thus, the study evaluates the role of SNSs in job performance of employees by the mediating effects of information overload in the context of telecom sector of Pakistan. The Sample of 522 was used for statistical analysis of questionnaires. The findings of the study reveal strong relationship between the usage of SNSs and job performance of employees while information overload play a mediating role. Managerial implications, limitations and directions for future studies are also discussed.. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Advisor, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Assessing-the-Impact-of-Usage-of-Social-Networking-Sites-SNSs-on-Job-Performance:-Mediating-Role-of-Information-Overload https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Environment and Literary Landscape: An Ecological Criticism of Louise Erdrich's Novel Tracks Sana Tariq Bahramand Shah Anthropocentric Approach Biocentrism Ecocriticism Environmental Ethics Connecting the environment with societies’ cultures through literature has created a new awareness of environmental issues. The current environmental crisis is a product of modern human culture. The thought of using land as a commodity and disregard for environmental ethics has worsened the ecological crisis. The paper focuses issues of environment highlighted in Native American literature. The anthropocentric behavior of Euro-Americans is contrary to Native American idea of biocentrism. For American Indians, land is considered not merely a stage on which the act is played but also as an active participant in the drama with major role to play in the lives of the characters. This article applies Ecocriticism theory on Louise Erdrich’s fiction Tracks to generate an ecological criticism of the text. This paper highlights new ways of treating the natural world, putting responsibility on humans to see how their cultures are affecting environment. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Area Study Centre,Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Environment-and-Literary-Landscape-An-Ecological-Criticism-of-Louise-Erdrichs-Novel-Tracks https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Gender Based Effect of Cyber Bullying on Academic Achievement and Behavior of Students at Higher Secondary Level Jamila Begum Namra Munir Iftikhar Ahmad Baig Cyber Bullying Academic Achievement Behavior of Students The purpose of this research is to discover the effect of cyber bullying on students academic achievement and their behavior. The objective of the research was to find out the academic achievement affected by cyberbullying and behavior of students on gender basis at higher secondary school level. Through random sampling technique, 2160 students and 48 teachers from 6 districts were selected. Questionnaires and interviews were used for data analysis using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that cyber bullying significantly affects students academic achievement than their behavior. No significant effect of cyber bullying was found on students academic achievement and their behavior with respect to their gender. The qualitative data obtained from interviews teachers concludes that students are well aware of cyber bullying and cyber bullying equally affects boys and girls of public sector higher secondary schools. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. HOD,Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Gender-Based-Effect-of-Cyber-Bullying-on-Academic-Achievement-and-Behavior-of-Students-at-Higher-Secondary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Constructivism in the Pedagogical Practices of the University Faculty Hukam Dad Malik Marium Din Samra Afzal Constructivism Pedagogical Practices Constructivist The present research is aimed at assessing the extent to which university teachers employ student-centered learning, independent learners, higher order thinking, usability in real world and a conducive learning environment. Demographic differences like gender, age, experience and position differences in teachers’ usage of constructivist practices are explored. Six dimensions of the constructivist practices questionnaire are sorted through the use of exploratory factor analysis. It is identified that many teachers use the constructivist pedagogical practices at a moderate level. No significant difference is found in the use of constructivist practices of gender and experience strata, while significant difference is present in the constructivist practices of teachers in age and position strata. Humanity Publications Associate Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Constructivism-in-the-Pedagogical-Practices-of-the-University-Faculty https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Illusion of Socialist Ideology and Russian Revolution: A Marxist- Deconstructive Reading of Doctor Zhivago M Ayub Jajja Resistance Pluralism Totality Alternative Ideology The present study investigates the representations of the socialist ideology and Russian revolution of 1917 in Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak. The thrust of the study shows the alternative micro narratives, deconstructs socialist ideology and revolution as merely illusionist, foundationalist assumptions. These strands challenge and question the dominant status of socialist ideology and revolution as an absolute and an overarching point of reference. The existence of alternative micro narratives expose the myth of the socialist Russian revolution as an icon of brotherhood, freedom, democracy and the socioeconomic justice. The study also shows absence of transformation in the mere replacement of one kind of totality by another of its kind. It only keeps the binaries of dominance and submission intact. The study is undertaken in the light of an eclectic theoretical framework of Marxism and Deconstruction. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahalwalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Illusion-of-Socialist-Ideology-and-Russian-Revolution-A-Marxist-Deconstructive-Reading-of-Doctor-Zhivago https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Objectified Migrant Identity Through Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis Ayesha Saddiqa Nadia Anwar Afghan Migrants Identity MCDA Toys The images of migrants have inundated our media lately. However, migrant representation has been largely done through the lens of ‘others’, mostly by the foreign-media, whereas the discourse on the localized version of reality is unaccounted for. This search for self-narrative led us to the analysis of photographic work of Aziz Hazara, an Afghan student of Fine Arts, who envisions migrants as equal to the ‘made-to-migrate’, ‘used’ and sometimes even ‘deformed’ toys from the flea market. The article highlights the portrayal and identity construction of migrants through the lens of an Afghan visual artist by excavating the discourse informing the analogy between the toys and the migrants along with the application of Paul Gee’s identity tool. A multimodal critical discourse analysis of the data reveals that toys ventrilocate the condition of the migrants charac Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Govt. P.G. College (W), Samanabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature,UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Objectified-Migrant-Identity-Through-Multimodal-Critical-Discourse-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Identifying the Role of Teachers in Developing Entrepreneurial Intention of Prospective Teachers Saubia Ramzan Muhammad Shakir Jam Muhammad Zafar Entrepreneurship teacher education prospective teachers professional standard. This research study identified the main areas related to entrepreneurship teacher education. The main objectives of the study were: (a) to identify the importance of entrepreneurship education for teacher education in Pakistan; (b) to identify the areas to prepare pre-service teachers for entrepreneurship education. The nature of study was descriptive while mixed method approach was used to gather information. Twelve teacher educators and eighty five prospective teachers were selected by using convenience sampling technique. ENVIVO-11 and SPSS were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data. It was revealed that mostly interviewees agreed on entrepreneurial education should be made a part of national professional standards of teachers. Majority of the trainee teachers appreciated entrepreneurship education. Most of the respondents intervene about imparting and improving entrepreneurial education for prospective teachers’ course. Interviewees are appreciating this step of entrepreneurial intentions in prospective teachers’ course. Humanity Publications Professor,Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Teacher Education,Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Identifying-the-Role-of-Teachers-in-Developing-Entrepreneurial-Intention-of-Prospective-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ideology, (Mis)perceptions and (Re)construction of Political Identities: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Imran Khan's Political Speeches Aisha Rauf Farhat Sajjad Mehwish Malghani Ideology (Mis) Perception Political Identities CDA This study examines the persuasive strategies of Imran Khan's political discourse. It also highlights the covert ideological practices as they are embedded in his political speeches. The analysis is based on the theoretical perspective of Fairclough and Van Dijk. This study analyses the linguistic elements and contextual facets to find hidden ideologies. The findings suggest Khan use of multiple strategies to get the political power, and promote his ideology by urging the urban youth and less-privileged part of society to play a role. Moreover linguistic analysis prove Khan's claim to be (un)conventional as he frequently addresses and acknowledges women support for political activism. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Ideology-Mis-perceptions-and-Re-construction-of-Political-Identities:-A-Critical-Discourse-Analysis-of-Imran-Khans-Political-Speeches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Internal Mechanism of Corporate Governance and Firm's Profitability: A Comparative Study of Financial and Non-Financial Firms Muhammad Kaleem Sammar Abbas Zeeshan Zaib Khattak Board Independence Managerial Ownership Panel Data Return on Equity This research examines comparative effects of corporate governance internal mechanism on Profitability (ROA/ROE) in financial vs non-financial firms indexed on Pakistan Stock Exchange.The data of 296 firms (both types of firms) was taken from companies' audited accounts and various available documents of the State Bank of Pakistan for the period of 14 years (2001-2014). Panel data study is conducted as the data have the characteristics of both time series and cross-sectional. Multiple regression and fixed effect methods were employed to analyze the given dataset. Results revealed significance of both board characteristics and managerial ownership in the profitability of the selected companies. Humanity Publications Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kp, Pakistan. Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kp, Pakistan. Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kp, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Internal-Mechanism-of-Corporate-Governance-and-Firms-Profitability:-A-Comparative-Study-of-Financial-and-Non-Financial-Firms https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Project Planning, Project Success and Project Risk Shahwali Khan Najmul Saher Mohammad Sohail Yunis Project Planning Project Risk Project Success Information Technology Projects Risk Factors Moderation MODMED (PROCESS Procedure) We are investigating the relation of project planning with project success and introduce project risk as a moderator. We examines how different dimensions (organizational, people, technical and technology, project management, economic and stakeholder) of project risk determine this relationship. A survey is carried out from information technology professionals from 20 registered firms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Information Technology Board (KPITB). We find that overall project risk has significant moderation impact on the relation of project planning with project success. Information technology (IT) professionals of KPITB plan risk related project management. Technical, technological and economic aspects are detailed and insights on how other risk factors affect project success in IT sector include in the study. Our research highlights the significance of planning in the presence of risk. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Kp, Pakistan. MS Project Management, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Kp, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Project-Planning,-Project-Success-and-Project-Risk https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Educating the Youth in Norms and Values through TV Commercials: A Study of College Students Shafayat Ali Zahid Yousaf TV commercials cultivation theory Regression. Educating the viewers and public is one of the core objective of the media and in modern times TV commercials is one of its major tool to pass on the information and educate the masses. The current study is an attempt to find out how media through TV commercials educate the youth about the norms, values and general information. 1000 students participated in the current study from various colleges of district Lahore and they were selected through multistage sampling technique. A survey was conducted for data collection and regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between TV commercials and educating the norms and values of the society to the youth. The study concluded a direct and positive relationship between the variables i.e. contents and educating the youth in norms and values. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism,Government College of Science, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Centre for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Educating-the-Youth-in-Norms-and-Values-through-TV-Commercials:-A-Study-of-College-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Investigation of the Effects of the Official Development Assistance on GDP Per Capita in Pakistan Muhammad Tariq Muhammad Jehangir Hussain Ali Official Development Assistance GDP per capita ARDL The paper investigates the influence of official development support on Pakistan GDP per capita making use of time series yearly data from 1991 to 1917. ADF has been used for examining the level of integration of the data. After that, ARDL has been used for discovering the short and long-run relationship of the official development assistance and the GDP per capita. The results uncover that official assistance relationship with GDP per capita became negative in the short run in addition to a long-run period. In similar manner inflation also became negatively significant in the short and long run. Additionally, lag GDP per capita is positively significant. Population growth turned positively significant in the long run. In addition, it has become negatively significant in the short-run period of time. Furthermore, the Error Correction coefficient is –0. 83% and remained significant Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Lecturer,Department of Sociology,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Investigation-into-Effects-of-the-Official-Development-Assistance-on-GDP-Per-Capita-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Reciprocal Peer Tutoring and Innovation of Initial Teacher Education in Pakistan: Looking Through an Experimental Lens Abid Shahzad Rafaquat Ali Muqaddas Butt Collaborative Learning Peer Tutoring; Teacher Preparation; Learning Performance The current quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study involved master level students enrolled in a teacher education program. The Learning performance test was administered together with survey instruments on intrinsic motivation, metacognitive awareness, and self-efficacy beliefs. Analysis of covariance of results points at a positive significant differential effect of reciprocal peer tutoring on student teachers’ learning performance. However, no interaction effect was observed in mediating variables. Post-reciprocal peer tutoring interviews were organized to analyze students and teachers’ reflections about reciprocal peer tutoring. Implications are presented to educational psychologists, teacher educators, and educational policymakers with recommendations to model collaborative learning approaches; such as reciprocal peer tutoring. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Reciprocal-Peer-Tutoring-and-Innovation-of-Initial-Teacher-Education-in-Pakistan-Looking-Through-an-Experimental-Lens https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Efficiency of Accelerated Learning and Facilitation of English Language Understanding: A Comparative and Analytical Study of the At Secondary Level Abdul Khaliq Shams Muhammad Arshad Gulzar Ahmed Accelerated Learning Cognitive Domain Efficiency Learning Teaching Methods. An experimental research study was designed to analyze the efficiency of accelerated learning to facilitate the understanding of the English language at secondary level. The population of the present study consists of all students of grade 9 who were enrolled in Government High School Heir, Bedian Road Lahore in academic year 2018-2019. By applying simple random sampling technique, sixty-four (64) students were preferred as a sample. Data were collected by conducting pre-test and post-test and analyzed by SPSS software version 21. The analysis pointed out that the students taught through accelerated learning perform better as compared to the students taught via traditional method. Furthermore, it was also found that the students who were taught via accelerated learning method of teaching can perform maximum learning levels of domains as compared to others. The study recommended that subject English should be taught with accelerated learning method of teaching at secondary level. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of the department,Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Pakpattan Campus, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Efficiency-of-Accelerated-Learning-and-Facilitation-of-English-Language-Understanding-A-Comparative-and-Analytical-Study-of-the-At-Secondary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Emotional Intelligence (EI) Impact on Organizational Learning Capacity (OLC): A Case of Moderating Role of Individual Innovation and Education Sector of Pakistan Saqib Anwar Siddiqui Muhammad Zia -ur- Rehman Emotional Intelligence Organizational Learning Capacity Individual Innovational Education Sector of Pakistan The study was based on the investigation and validation of the association between the most emerging traits of human capital in the organizations i.e. Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Organizational Learning Capacity (OLC) and further testing the moderating role of Individual Innovation among the faculty and staff of Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) in Pakistan. The results show that EI has a significant contribution towards the OLC and when measured together with the trait of Individual Innovation the results significantly improved which suggest that individual innovation positively and significantly affect the relationship between EI and OLC. The study has implication for policymakers for the enhancement of EI traits in their employees and also for the individuals to focus and improve the value of EI in their personality to gain the benefits of their innovation and organizational learning capacity. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, National Defence University, Department of Learning Management System, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies,National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Emotional-Intelligence-Impact-on-Organizational-Learning-Capacity-A-Case-of-Moderating-Role-of-Individual-Innovation-and-Education-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Understanding Pashtunwali and the Manifestation of Pashtun Nationalism in Pakistan: A Conceptual Analysis Surat Khan Muhammad Faheem Saima Gul Pashtunwali Primordialism Pashtun Nationalism This paper describes the key elements of Pashtunwali and the manifestation of Pashtun nationalism, especially in Pakistan. This study on Pashtun nationalism finds that Pashtunwali is a centuries-old primordial customary code of life and it is important in the context of nationalism as it strengthens the sentiments and feelings of closeness and affinity; central to the phenomenon of nationalism, among the Pashtuns. This paper also highlights two different aspects of Pashtun nationalism in Pakistan. In the formative phase of Pakistans independence, the stance of Pashtun nationalists was more inclined towards the idea of a separate state for the Pashtuns. However, as a result of various factors; including state policies, currently the manifestation of Pashtun nationalism has adopted the internal dimension of highlighting and struggling for the rights of the Pashtuns in the ambit of the Pakistani constitution and by remaining an integral and constitutional part of the country. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Political Science,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP. Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Regional Studies,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, K.P Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of International Relations,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Understanding-Pashtunwali-and-the-Manifestation-of-Pashtun-Nationalism-in-Pakistan-A-Conceptual-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Policy Considerations for Designing Effective Anti-Corruption Strategies in Pakistan Saranjam Muhammad Baig Anti-Corruption Accountability Corruption Strategies Developing Nations Pakistan This article focuses on analyzing essential ingredients to initiate and sustain a successful anticorruption strategy. The basic objective of this policy paper is to recommend a set of policies based on the lessons drawn from the success of anti-corruption strategies in other countries. Taking Pakistan as the test-bed, it relates to the design, initiation, and pursuit of anti-corruption activities. The article elaborates a six-step anti-corruption strategy suggesting that to eradicate corruption effectively, the country must initiate these preconditions. It should: (1) restore the public confidence by showing political will to fight corruption; (2) restructure its main anti-corruption agency; (3) establish an anti-corruption inter-agency coordinating board; (4) reform the police, (5) initiate programs and curriculum for anti-corruption awareness; (6) establish a watchdog from the civil society with an advisory role. The strategies suggested in this article are based on the successes of anti-corruption agencies in Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Georgia. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science,Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Oman. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Policy-Considerations-for-Designing-Effective-Anti-Corruption-Strategies-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effects of Principals' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Performance at Secondary Schools in Dera Ismail Khan Farhat Yasmin Muhammad Imran Maria Sultana Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership Teachers Performance. Secondary School This learning was directed acts discover the effect of Principals leadership strategies on teachers act of secondary school in D.I.Khan. The research was cross sectional and parametric in nature. The record was collected by both from principals and teachers of secondary school located in the district. The outcomes were fascinatingly opposing to the assumed statements i.e in this broadsheet the impact of transactional and transformational guidance style has been found contrary on teachers enactment. The reason for such phenomena has been deliberated in this broadsheet. The study concluded that both leadership styles i.e transformational and transactional styles of principles of the school understudy have been found not supporting in improvement in teachers performance Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Depart of Management Sciences,Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology. D.I.Khan KP. Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Depart of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology. D.I.Khan KP. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Principals-Leadership-Styles-on-Teachers-Performance-at-Secondary-Schools-in-Dera-Ismail-Khan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Data Streaming of Healthcare from Internet of Things (IoTs) using Big Data Analytics Dost Muhammad Khan Muhammad Jameel Sumra Faisal Shahzad IoTs (IoT); Big Data; Health Care; Data Analytics The present study aims at the concept of the IoTs (IoT) and its relation with the healthcare sector. Nowadays, IoT is the main focus of researchers and scientists while this concept illustrates the data stream generated from IoT devices in massive amounts like big data with a continuous stream that requires its proper handling. This study aims at the analytical processing of big datasets having a medical history of patients and their diseases. The data cleansing is applied before going through the analytics phase due to the existence of some noisy and missing data. The analytics of data identified that what events are happening while the mining approaches identified why and how events are happening. Together, both phases help in data analytics and mining. Finally, the analytics and visualization led to the decision making and its results depict the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework for data analytics in IoT Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Computer Science and Information Technology,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Data-Streaming-of-Healthcare-from-Internet-of-Things-IoTs-using-Big-Data-Analytics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Measuring the Dynamic Predictive Relationship of Social Media Metrics with Firm Equity Value: A Time Series Analysis Zeshan Ahmad Imran Khan Muhammad Abbas Firm Equity Value Social Media Metrics Facebook Twitter Social Media Marketing. In the online environment, social media metrics offer a credible basis of customer feedback in anticipating the firm performance. This study verifies the association of social media metrics of Face-book and Twitter to financial market performance. Data were collected from official Facebook pages and Twitter accounts of 3 fast-food companies over the time period of 6 months. Then established multiple metrics for respective social media platforms and develop outcomes using Vector Autoregressive time series models to evaluate the instantaneous and continuing relationship between social media metrics and financial market performance of the firms in terms of unusual returns and idiosyncratic risk. Results indicated that FB metrics are significant leading indicators of firm equity value. However, Twitter metrics, have a weaker relationship with firm value as compared to FB metrics. Collectively, current research extends new visions for organizational top executives and investors concerning organizational equity valuation and the social media power transformation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Business Administration,Air University Multan Campus, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Business Administration, Air University Multan Campus, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Measuring-the-Dynamic-Predictive-Relationship-of-Social-Media-Metrics-with-Firm-Equity-Value:-A-Time-Series-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of School Climate on Students Achievement at Secondary Level in Pakistan. Muhammad Rafiq Nasrullah Khan Niaz Mohammad Aajiz School Climate Learners Achievement School climate indicates three key dimensions of the school i.e. physical, academic and social climate. All three dimensions in the Pakistani school context were focused and examined. The key objectives of the study were to assess the Schools physical, social and academic climate and study its impact on students learning also to recommend remedial measures for improvement of school climate. Schools Principals were the population of the study selected through random sampling technique from Abbottabad, Charsadda, Kohat, Mardan, Nowshera, and Peshawar districts. The data was collected through questionnaires developed on five points Likert scale from the Principals and teachers. A total of 395 Secondary Schools schools were selected. Regression test used for data analysis. The study identified that school climate plays an important role in enhancing their achievement in academics. It proved that the school environment has a direct impact on the learning and teaching process. Humanity Publications Principal High School,Teaching,Sarhad University Peshawar, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of the Poonch Rawalakot Kahuta Campus, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Islamia University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-School-Climate-on-Students-Achievement-at-Secondary-Level-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating Teacher Identity Construction through the Study of Narratives and their Identity Portraits in Pakistan Shagufta Moghal Asma Shahid Kazi Aishah Siddiquah Teacher identity Identity Construction Identity Portraits Semi-structured interviews Life History Approach to Narrative Inquiry The current article investigates teacher identity construction at the tertiary level educational institutions of Pakistan. Identity is the sense or perception about oneself and the position or role one has in a given context and environment; teachers construct their identities in the specific work and Institutional environments they face every day. This research adopted the Life History approach to narrative inquiry, where five participants were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview protocol that focused on the narratives; the narratives were inductively analyzed vertically and horizontally to reconstruct identity portraits for each participant. The portraits also presented commonalities and convergent issues and themes in identity development, such as the effect of positive or negative educational experiences; the role of the organizational culture, leadership and colleagues in shaping identity; the difficulties, negotiations and challenges experienced in the construction of identity; time and workload management issues. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Professional Studies,Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Professional Studies,Lahore College for Women Universities, Lahore, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Research and Evaluation DepartmentLahore College for Women University Lahore, Pakistan, 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Investigating-Teacher-Identity-Construction-through-the-Study-of-Narratives-and-their-Identity-Portraits-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Reading Environment and Reading Interests of Public Sector Secondary School Students Shahla Anjum Irshad Hussain Shahida Sajjad, Reading environment Reading facilities Reading interest This study explored the reading environment, reading interests and available reading facilities for Public Sector students in Secondary Schools. A Structured questionnaire and a reading interest inventory were used as survey instruments on 9th and 10th class (N= 3600) students in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The findings of the study highlighted that parents, friends, teachers, and examinations influence the reading interests of students positively. Parents and teachers both can encourage nourishing the minds of adolescence towards reading. Significantly a greater number of students viewed their teachers and examinations to be playing a motivational role for reading. The majority of the students asserted that magazines and newspapers were available at their schools and homes as the reading facility. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that the majority of the students appeared to be interested in reading magazines Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Education, The Islamia University ofBahawalpur Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Educational Training,The IslamiaUniversity of Bahawalpur Punjab, Pakistan. Former Dean,Faculty of Education, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Reading-Environment-and-Reading-Interests-of-Public-Sector-Secondary-School-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Identification and Analysis of Commissive Speech Acts to Decode Indirect Messages in News Headlines Rabiah Rustam Akbar Ali Muhammad Imran Speech acts Commissives CNN headlines Illocutionary forces Context of headlines Linguistic devices Headlines carry more indirect messages than the direct ones. The present article aims to explore the indirect messages in CNN headlines written about a variety of political, diplomatic and security affairs in Pakistan. It also investigates the role of the linguistic as well as the contextual elements in the identification of the indirect messages carried by the headlines in the form of speech acts. The research finds that the headlines have pragmatically encoded meanings. The headlines are not just pieces of information, but they are associated with communicating a range of messages related commitment to future actions, possible future actions, announcing future actions, expressing speaker intentions regarding future activities and pledging for future. The linguistic devices and the contexts associated with the headlines play a significant role in the identification and analysis of the indirect messages in the headlines. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,FATA university, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, FATA University, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Identification-and-Analysis-of-Commissive-Speech-Acts-to-Decode-Indirect-Messages-in-News-Headlines https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Reciprocal Reading Strategy to Improve Reading Comprehension in Self Directed Learning Tauhida Anjum Arshad ali Reciprocal Strategy Conventional Reading Lingo society undergoes versatile changes in the arena of Reading strategies. The present study investigates differences of these strategies, evolves the research avowal “The Reciprocal Reading Strategy to improve Reading comprehension in self-directed learning”. The strategy applied to check the improvement was; “RRS”, a structured method of guided reading. RRS and CRM were applied to see the differences of strategies; in English subject. It was experimental study.200 Students from the District Mardan were selected through stratified random sampling technique. G1 was taught with RRS while G2 was taught by using CRM. From pretest it was found that both groups proficiency level are same as the target strategy (RRS) stood stagnant being not applied initially. The posttest analysis depicted t- value 11.498; p- value .000 ;G1 scores remains 6.65662 while G2 4.57909 and mean of score differences 9.29000 were at significant level of 0.05 so the null hypothesis was rejected and alternative was accepted Humanity Publications Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar ,KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education,Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar ,KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Reciprocal-Reading-Strategy-to-Improve-Reading-Comprehension-in-Self-Directed-Learning https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship of Leadership Style of School Principal with Teachers Job Satisfaction: As Perceived by Secondary School Teachers Zobia Zaman S. Khurram Khan Alwi Mohammad Shaiq Leadership style Transactional Transformational Laissez-faire Job satisfaction This research is an investigation of the link between teachers' perception of job satisfaction and the different management styles of principals of secondary schools in Pakistan. This study has targeted the secondary school teachers of Pakistans Sindh province with a sample of 600 teachers. The statistical techniques, Pearson and Spearman revealed that job supervision, remuneration, advancement and responsibility are statistically significant with both Transactional and Transformational leadership styles. In Laissez-faire style, remuneration and advancement were not found significantly correlated. Contrary to Transactional style, in Transformational and Laisses-faire different elements showed different behavior in Pearson and Spearman correlations which are discussed and analyzed in the result section of this paper. However, the research suggests that principals' attitude and leadership style have a significant impact on the job performance of teachers as a whole and that principals and teachers need to work together to provide an atmosphere that is conducive to the education process of Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,Greenwich University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Greenwich University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Director Research Innovation & Commercialization,Department of Business Administration, Greenwich University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Relationship-of-Leadership-Style-of-School-Principal-with-Teachers-Job-Satisfaction:-As-Perceived-by-Secondary-School-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Who are More Successful Researchers? An Analysis of University Teachers Research Productivity Shamaiela Mehboob Farooqi Shumaila Shahzad Syeda Samina Tahira Research Research Productivity University Teachers Faculty Key objective of the study was to assess the research productivity of university teachers and to analyze the effect of demographic variables (gender, faculty, designation, age and experience) on their research productivity to ultimately explore the profile of successful researchers. Data regarding demographic variables and research productivity in last three years were collected from a sample of 200 faculty members from four public sector universities in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Findings revealed that university faculty is striving hard to contribute in the field of research. Furthermore, demographic variables (gender, faculty and designation) affect their research productivity in favor of male teachers, teachers from physical sciences and teachers with higher designation. Age and experience are not associated with many indicators of RP or they are weakly positively correlated with number of research articles and published books. Educational implications for faculty members and other stake holders are also discussed. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Chairperson, Department of Education, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/who-are-more-successful-researchers-an-analysis-of-university-teachers-research-productivity https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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University Teachers Attitude Towards Inclusion, Efficacy and Intentions to Teach in Inclusive Classrooms in Higher Education Umair Ayub Shumaila Shahzad Muhammad Shabbir Ali Self-Efficacy Inclusive Education Intentions Attitude Major objectives of this study were to assess university teachers attitude towards inclusion, their efficacy in implementing inclusive practices and their intentions to teach in inclusive classroom and to find correlation among the aforementioned study variables. The sample comprised of 180 teachers from a multidisciplinary public sector university in Faisalabad. The instruments used for data collection were (1) SACIERto assess the university teachers sentiments, attitude and concerns about inclusive education, (2) TEIP to measure the teachers self-efficacy in implementing inclusive practices and(3) TITIC to assess the teachers intentions to teach in inclusive classroom. The results show teachers positive attitudes, self-efficacy and intentions towards inclusion. There is a moderate positive significant correlation between teachers attitude and their efficacy (r = 0.42) comparatively weak between attitude and intention (r = 0.32) and strong between efficacy and intention (r = 0.75). Findings may support understanding and implementation of inclusive education at the university level in Pakistan. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/university-teachers-attitude-towards-inclusion-efficacy-and-intentions-to-teach-in-inclusive-classrooms-in-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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"The Persian Qur'an" - "Hadigatul-hagiga" by Sanayi Ghaznavi Farzana Riaz Aygun Alizade Faleeha Zahra Kazmi Sanayi Ghaznavi Hadigatul-Hagiga Persian Literature Allah Quran Mystica Sufizm Human Book Islamic Knowledge The article studies the second part of "Hadigatul- hagiga" work by Sanayi, which is about Qur'an. Studying about the second part (al-bab) which comprises 12 parts, shows that the poets view about Qur'an is generalized in 14 parts. If a human wants to wake up from ignorance and turn away from the rebel way, he has to read the Qur'an. To get pleasure from reading the Qur'an one should know the reason why it was revealed. The Qur'an is a candle of Islamic way, the guara of human faith. The Qur'an came down in order to lift people up. The Qur'an never reveals its secrets to strangers. Therefore, it drapes musk-emitting curtains between itself and strangers. From the day it was revealed The Qur'an will be protected till the end of the world, and will never lose its freshness. The Qur'an has layers. The letters of The Qur'an are its body, and the spirit is its meaning. To read The Qur'an does not mean to be aware of its meaning. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Urdu, GCU-Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Alizada Aygun, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Chairperson, Department of Persian, Lahore College for women university, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-persian-quran-hadigatulhagiga-by-sanayi-ghaznavi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship between Earning Multiples, Corporate Governance and Earnings Management Practices: An Empirical View with a Mediation Analysis Syeda Faiza Urooj Muhammad Anees Khan Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu Corporate Governance Variables Earnings Multiples (Firm's Financial Performance) Discretionary Accruals (Earnings Management) Mediation This paper investigated the effect of corporate governance in improving the earnings multiple and reducing the discretionary accruals. This study developed four econometrics models. Random effect model employed for examining the first three econometric models, while for the fourth econometric model study used Andrew F. Hayes mediation process. Results suggest that BOD size, BOD meetings and audit committee size has a significant positive impact on earnings multiples, while earnings multiples have a negative impact on dictionary accrual. Moreover, BOD size and audit committee size has a significant negative impact on dictionary accrual, whereas BOD meetings and employee ownership has a significant positive impact on dictionary accrual. The results further revealed the novel link that earnings multiples partially mediate the relationship between corporate governance variables and dictionary accrual. The new findings provide important insights for all the stakeholders like government, practitioners, academia, researchers, banks, Bursa Malaysia, security commission and public listed companies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of commerce, Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-earning-multiples-corporate-governance-and-earnings-management-practices-an-empirical-view-with-a-mediation-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Bank Performance: A Case of Pakistani Banking Sector Muttalib Muhammad Faizan Malik Shehzad khan Return on Assets Merger and Acquisition Pakistan Stock Exchange Banks Operating Performance Market Performance. Merger and acquisition is the strategy used by banks to expand its development process. In the current study operating and market performance has been assessed of the Banks exercised the M&A by taking the data from 2005-17. The main focus of the study is to evaluate the Banks performance using data collected from nine banks gone through the merger and acquisition strategy with the help of ordinary least square model. The results show significant relationship operating performance but insignificant relation with market performance. Findings provided an opportunity for the Banks to study and utilize the M&A strategy for capturing market share and further development in the competitive market. Furthermore, a glimpse for potential investors has been provided who want to create a profitable portfolio according to market concentration. The implications demands that proper improvement should be considered for the mechanism and regulatory policies to ensure the security of Banks. Humanity Publications MS Management Sciences, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-merger-and-acquisition-on-bank-performance-a-case-of-pakistani-banking-sector https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Intersectionality, Matrix of Domination and Female Agency in Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column Ali Usman Saleem Sadaf Rasheed Asim Aqeel Discipline Female Agency Gender Hegemony Intersectionality Matrix of Domination This paper investigates how Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column presents the oppression of women in the socio-political and cultural contexts of the Indo-Pak society. Patricia Collins's views of intersectionality and matrix of domination and Wrede's concept of agency serve as a theoretical framework for this research. Intersectionality works through a matrix of domination that includes four domains of power: structural, disciplinary, hegemonic and interpersonal, which further serves to organize, regulate, maintain and internalize oppression. The study is significant as it intends to unravel the fact that in Sunlight on a Broken Column, gender is not the only factor causing subjugation. Oppression keeps on multiplying with the inclusion of several aspects of individual identity in general and female identity in particular, including age, color, creed, religion, race and sexual orientation. The research establishes that despite intersecting forces of suppression, there still is room for the female agency as the character of Laila foregrounds the fact that the existing situation can be challenged and reverted by few individuals found inside the suppressed groups. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/intersectionality-matrix-of-domination-and-female-agency-in-hosains-sunlight-on-a-broken-column https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Research and Critical Review of Accustom Misyar Marriage in Contemporary and Arab Society in the Context of Islam Muhammad Aslam Khan Fazal Ilahi Khan Azmat Ali Shah Customary Misyar Marriage Modern Age Arab Society Context of Islam Nikah (nuptial) is an important part of life in Islam. It has been an integral part of every intuitional religion. According to the Hanafi School of law, Nikah is better than supererogatory (Nafli) worship. Nikah needs the presence of at least two witnesses, and the presence of husband and wife is mandatory. Dowery (Mahr) is obligatory, and the husband is responsible for providing food and necessary things for a living. Misyar Marriage (traveller's marriage) is a new term that is getting popularity in Arabic countries. In this type of Nikah, obligatory elements of Shari Nikah are considered, but husband and wife deny some rights. For example, the wife refuses to live in the husband's house. Instead, she prefers her parents' home, or she wants to continue her job. Therefore, she denies performing house duties, or the husband is unable to fulfil the expenses of the wife, so he allows her to stay at his paternal home instead of his. However, if the husband wants to copulate (J?ma'a), he can take her to wherever he wants. It has similarities to court marriage as well. Therefore, it is needed for time to prove the jurisprudential value of this Nikah. In this article, we have tried to solve this problem according to Quran, Hadith and Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqah). Humanity Publications Department of Islamic Studies, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I Khan, KP, Pakistan. Department of Islamic Studies, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I Khan, KP, Pakistan. Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/research-and-critical-review-of-accustom-misyar-marriage-in-contemporary-and-arab-society-in-the-context-of-islam https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Predicament of Empowerment: Women's Experience of Transformation in Pakistan Shafiq Qurban Rubina Ali Empowerment Development Gender Inequality Status of Women Violence Discrimination Policy Gaps Omen empowerment is perceived biggest policy challenge in Pakistan due to being a patriarchal society. Women are underpowered and usually hold a lower position in every sphere of society. Though the government had passed several policy papers for women empowerment, these remained confined to office shelves. This paper explores gender discrimination as one of the leading indicators that hinder women development and promotes inequality exists in the family, at work, also in the political sphere, education, and health care. This paper has used a feminist framework to investigate how to reduce gender inequalities and provide equal opportunities for women and men. Finally, this paper concludes that feminist theory has identified the policy gaps in the distribution of power and raise awareness of power inequalities. This paper recommends concrete policy measures with implementations commitment that can only eliminate these barriers and promote gender equality towards empowering women in Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-predicament-of-empowerment-womens-experience-of-transformation-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Political Economy of Development: A Study of CPEC Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Political Economy Development CPEC China Pakistan Development' is a political project which is based on a principle of reducing inequalities and poverty. It is a centuries-old concept that is deeply rooted in the history of economic thoughts.From the age of mercantilism to the liberal and neoliberal context, the nature of development has changed drastically. From 1945 to the 1970s, there was a popular liberal model of development under the slogans of 'rightto development. The liberal nature of development tuned into conservatively camouflaged neoliberal development in the 1980s protected by the world bank structural adjustment program. In neoliberal development facade, the development process is emptied from welfarist.Development without welfare and development for underdevelopment are the main characteristics of neoliberal development. This paper is an exploration of the political economy of development, which means development to whom? Through a qualitative approach, it is found that neoliberal forces benefited from CPEC developmental project. The political economy of CPEC is a complex phenomenon that is linked with development, investment, technology, and human resources. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University-Islamabad, Pakistan/Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingdom 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/political-economy-of-development-a-study-of-cpec https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Language, Women and Discourse in Toni Morrison’s Fiction Mumtaz Ahmad Umar Hayat Nasir Iqbal Language Women Discourse Analysis Toni Morrison French Feminist. The present study, grounded in the qualitative research paradigm, is an interpretive and explanatory analysis of Toni Morrison's fiction from the critical perspective of post structuralist feminist literary theory and fiction. In my reading of Toni Morrison's fiction as the manifestation/materialization of the knowledge in terms of discursive (re)configuration of women and to analyze their works from "feminine sentence" perspective, I have used Feminist poststructuralist theories in the discourse-theoretical/methodological background. As part of the methodology, this project draws extensively upon feminist theories, particularly those propounded by French Feminists Helene Cixous and Julia Kristeva, which I have used in the backdrop of discourse analysis methods proposed by Michel Foucault. This fusion of Feminist theories as a theoretical framework and discourse analysis as a methodology has illuminated systematically the process of the discursive formation, dissemination, and institutionalization of the knowledge about women. For my analysis of the discourse spectrum of the texts-to-be-analyzed, I have used extensively Foucault's notions about discourse and knowledge as discussed comprehensively in his books, articles, and interviews. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/language-women-and-discourse-in-toni-morrisons-fiction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analysis of Socioeconomic Stratification, Intra-Temporal and Intra Generational Household Mobility in Central Punjab, Pakistan Samra Khalid Nabila Asghar Upward Mobility Socioeconomic Stratification Intra Temporal Household The study identifies the factors of intra temporal and intra generational household mobility in three districts of Central Punjab. The intra- temporal household mobility estimates the direction of transformation as disequalizing long term income. For the current analysis, three districts of Central Punjab are selected for data collection using literacy rate as prevalence rate. The results of the study show an improvement in education of head of household and other household members which may lead to upward transformation. Furthermore, geography and occupation progression contribute to inter temporal and intra generational mobility in Central Punjab. The results show big cities of central Punjab have considerable benefits of occupational movers from one sector to another as there are sufficient job opportunities available to the households and in rural areas of all the districts households are reluctant to get the benefits of occupational movement. The study concludes that most of the heads of household are educated but occupationally deprived which lead to low extent of intra generational mobility as compared to intra temporal mobility. Humanity Publications PhD ScholarDepartment of Economics,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Business Administration,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Analysis-of-Socioeconomic-Stratification-Intra-Temporal-and-Intra-Generational-Household-Mobility-in-Central-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Voyage of Esprit-De-Corps: A Sectorial Comparison Tabassum Naz Allah Bakhsh Malik Marium Din Esprit de Corps Public Private Universities Esprit-De-Corps encompasses cohesion, loyalty and unity within an organization. The study is focused on the existing threads of EspritDe-Corps and its comparison in public and private sector universities. A sample of 533 faculty members was taken. The team STTEPS (T-TAQ) questionnaire was adapted for collecting the data. The data was analyzed through Percentage, mean and t-test. It was concluded that the strands of Esprit-De-Corps are more prevalent in private sector universities. It is recommended that faculty members may be involved in decision making process and trainings pertaining to leadership, communication and other live skills may be imparted. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. HOD, Department of Education,NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education,NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Voyage-of-Esprit-De-Corps-A-Sectorial-Comparison https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Perspective on Saudi Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy Abdulilah R Alkatheeri Muhammad Khan Cultural Inclusion Soft Power Public and Social This research analyzes the soft power and cultural diplomacy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Over the years, the Kingdom has been using its cultural diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy for the promotion of its soft power at regional and global level. The analysis suggest the use of soft power and cultural diplomacy are part of Kingdom’s foreign policy, bringing a wider gesture of aptness and goodwill. In this sense, the study of cultural diplomacy allows the understanding of new concepts and ideas of international insertion, with the participation of higher education institutions, research centers, government agencies and non-governmental organizations. King Abdullah has pioneered this initiative of soft power projection of the Kingdom through cultural diplomacy. The study revolves around the era of King Abdullah (2005-2015) while significant reinforcement of this policy is undertaken by King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman (MBS). Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Perspective-on-Saudi-Soft-Power-and-Cultural-Diplomacy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Factors Affecting Duration of Unemployment among Young Graduates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (An Approach to Duration Analysis) Atta ur Rahman Adnan Khan Waseef Jamal Unemployment Kaplan Meier Cox regression The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with respect to their level of education and specialization in the field. Contribution of demographic, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, job preferences, job search methods and nepotisms was also measured regarding thewaiting time for employment. Responses of 791 respondents collected through multi-stage non-probability sampling were analyzed with the help of the wellknown Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. The study concluded that a graduate waited for 15 months to be employed during the period 2003-2014. Age, language proficiency, level of education, specialization, language proficiency, nepotism and socio economic factors have significant influence on waiting time for employment. The study recommends the development of integrated frame work for information about trends of unemployment, career counseling and elimination of unemployment at national level. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Factors-Affecting-Duration-of-Unemployment-among-Young-Graduates-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-An-Approach-to-Duration-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Costing out Educational Needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Noor Jehan Muhammad Idris Sajjad Ahmad Jan Costing Out Primary School Rural Schools Urban Schools T-Statistics Regression Analysis This study was undertaken for costing out education needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa based on location, gender, district and grade. The sample consisted of 778 schools, including 364 females and 414 males. The study used descriptive statistics for analysis. It was found that rural students get slightly less pocket money than urban students. The cost of average monthly stationery, uniform cost, teacher cost and total cost for urban student was higher than for rural students. District Haripur was found to be the most successful school district. It was further found that better results need good financing. The study also confirmed that the girl student cost is less than a boy student. It was also concluded that the pocket money on average increases with grade. There was no significant difference of stationery cost across grades while grade one and grade four students’ cost on uniform was slightly higher than other grades. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics,University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP. Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Costing-out-Educational-Needs-for-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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HEC Ranking Criteria in the Perspective of Global University Ranking Systems Fazeelat Noreen Bashir Hussain HEC Ranking Universities Quality Assurance Globalization and market-based orientation of higher education institutions has increased interest of students, parents, employers, universities, funding agencies, governments, and relevant stakeholders in knowing the rank of their concerned universities at national/global level. This has led to the emergence of several global university ranking systems. Aligned with international trends of ranking, Higher Education of Pakistan [HEC] also initiated ranking of universities at the national level in Pakistan. Subsequently, HEC designed comprehensive ranking criteria for ranking of universities and has implemented it since 2010. This study analyzes the nature of HEC ranking criteria and its constituent indicators from the perspective of global university ranking systems. Using content and thematic analysis, this study found that global university ranking systems mainly focus quality of research and teaching, while HEC additionally focuses effective and efficient use of resources, provision of facilities, social integration, and impact on community development. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Education,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/HEC-Ranking-Criteria-in-the-Perspective-of-Global-University-Ranking-Systems https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comforting Investments are Rarely Profitable: Impediments in Investor Decision Making Taqadus Bashir Faisal Mehmood Altamash Khan Investment Decisions Overconfidence Illusion of Control Optimism Confirmation Recency Behavioral Biases This research aims at testing and confirming existence of selected behavioral biases of investors that affect their decisions. Five behavioral biases affecting irrational behavior of investors were selected: overconfidence bias, illusion of control bias, confirmation bias and recency bias and optimism bias. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 300 investors from banks, insurance companies, stock exchanges etc. The results were obtained by employing a correlation and regression analysis for the presence of behavioral biases and to detect degrees of their influence on decision making. Correlation results indicate moderate association between behavioral biases and decisions of investors. Outcome of the research indicates that while making financial decisions investors are moderately affected by behavioral biases. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Comforting-Investments-are-Rarely-Profitable-Impediments-in-Investor-Decision-Making https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Mediating Effect of CSR on the Relationship between Authentic Leadership and Organization Citizenship Behavior Sajid Rahman Khattak Imran Saeed Saima Batool Authentic Leadership Corporate Social Responsibility Organization Citizenship Behavior The current research investigated authentic leadership and organization citizenship behavior relationship in the presence of mediator corporate social responsibility in services organizations of Pakistan. Data from the respondents were gathered through structured questionnaire. The instrument validity and reliability were ensured. A total of 220 respondents participate in the study. Participants were informed about the aim of the study. Based on regression and mediation analysis, it was found that authentic leadership was significantly related with organization citizenship behavior. We also found that corporate social responsibility partially mediates authentic leadership and organization citizenship behavior. It was concluded that managers should treat their employees fairly as a result their citizenship behavior towards organization will increase which lead to overall organization performance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, IBMS, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Management Science,IBMS, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University, Peshawar, KP, Paksitan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Mediating-Effect-of-CSR-on-the-Relationship-between-Authentic-Leadership-and-Organization-Citizenship-Behavior https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Employment's Impact on Household Poverty: Empirical Evidence from Multan District Imran Sharif Chaudhry Saeed ur Rahman Fatima farooq Household Poverty Employment Logistic Regression Primary Data Multan Pakistan This study analyzed the association between household employment and household poverty using logit regression on survey data of Multan District. It is found that qualification of household head, gender of household head, household employment rate, number of males employed in formal sector, number of females employed in informal sector, females permitted to paid work outside home, female’s autonomy to utilize household resources, possession of agricultural land, residence, possession of livestock and government health facility in household’s vicinity have significantly negative impact on probability of household’s poverty. Household size and number of children (≤ 5 years) are positively associated with household poverty. It is suggested that empowering women and creating productive employment opportunities in both formal and informal sectors may help to reduce poverty.. Humanity Publications Director,School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Economics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Economics,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Employments-Impact-on-Household-Poverty-Empirical-Evidence-from-Multan-District https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study of Stimulanting Factors in Self-Motivated Professional Development among Teachers at University Level Fauzia Mushtaq Iftikhar Ahmad Baig Namra Munir CLT Experimental design ESL GMT Intermediate level learners Pakistani context. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors which stimulate university teachers towards self-motivated professional development at university level. It was a descriptive study based on survey design; a mixed methods design was selected to collect the data through mixed method techniques. 200 questionnaires were distributed with the help of the snowball sampling technique, which helped in reaching 57 teachers for interview. Thematic Analysis, Descriptive Statistics and Chi- Square Test were applied to data. The result shows the intrinsic factors of stimulation were self-thrust towards excellence, respect, acknowledgment and inner satisfaction. On the contrary, extrinsic factors were a good salary package, promotion, better social and professional status and ability to cope with the advanced educational requirements. The study recommends that action through teachers’ consideration, reflection and shared vision may include extrinsic and intrinsic factors of motivation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. HOD, Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Study-of-Stimulanting-Factors-in-Self-Motivated-Professional-Development-among-Teachers-at-University-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Influence of Type A and Type B Personality on Academic Achievement of University Students Aabida Lateef Muhammad Arshad Dahar Muhammad Imran Yousuf Academic Achievement Influence Personality type Several factors directly or indirectly influence academic achievement of students. There is immense variation in students’ academic achievement due to individual differences. Therefore, every individual has different personality characteristics that influence life, especially students’ academic achievement. Thus, the current study investigates the influence of personality types A and B on academic achievement of university students. This study presents a descriptive design. Furthermore, a random sampling technique was used for the sample selection. The Anjum-Khalique Scale and students’ GPAs were utilized as research tools. Correlation, regression and t-test were employed for data analysis. Findings exposed that personality types A and B have overall significant impact on academic achievement of students. Significant academic achievement difference was found between male and female students of type B personality unlike type A personality. It is recommended that deficiencies in personalities may be taken into consideration by teachers, administrators, educators, curriculum developers and policymakers for improvement in academic achievement. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Influence-of-Type-A-and-Type-B-Personality-on-Academic-Achievement-of-University-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Internally Oriented High-performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector in Pakistan Muhammad Siddique Owais Mufti Shah Wali Khan AMO HPWS Pakistan Branch Performance HRM Practices This study analyses the influence of high-performance work systems on organizational performance. As, previous studies have mostly focused on individual HR practices in determining the influence of HR practices on performance so research is needed to analyze the combined effect of HRM practices as system to understand the importance of HR on performance. Based on AMO framework, this study investigated the effect of HR system on organizational performance using employees’ perspectives in highly interdependent work settings. In this study, primary data was obtained from 218 bank branches in collaboration with Institute of bankers Pakistan and bank management in the form of managers’ and employees’ perceptions about HPWS and its effect on performance. Results suggest that HPWS was significantly linked to deposits, advances and unit level profitability. Results pointed out new insights to HPWSperformance literature from employees perspectives. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Internally-Oriented-High-performance-Work-Systems-and-Organizational-Performance:-Empirical-Evidence-from-Banking-Sector-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysis of Reading Preferences of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Teachers' Educators Saddaf Ayub Muhammad Saeed Khan Umbreen Ashfaq Reading Preferences literary and Language Habits English Language English is a global language and it plays its role as the second and official language in many countries. Untrained teachers, rote learning, grammar translation method and overcrowded classrooms are the factors which affect the process of language learning in the school sector. The study was designed to analyze reading preferences of literary and language habits of Teacher Educators of RITE colleges and faculty members. The sample of the study comprised 119 faculty members i.e. teachers' educators of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Responses were collected through a questionnaire. It was found that reading material has a positive relationship with the preferences of faculty members and teacher educators. It is suggested that faculty members may be provided with a variety of reading material and sources for their professional grooming of teaching. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, The University of Haripur, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The University of Haripur, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Analysis-of-Reading-Preferences-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Teachers-Educators https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Psychological Trauma and Corporal Punishment Asghar Ali Mushtaq Ahmad Malik Itbar Khan Students’ Corporal Punishment Psychological Trauma Depression Anxiety and Stress The study analyzes Psychological Trauma as a result of Corporal Punishment at Secondary Level. The population was all the students of 10th class which made a population of 30200 students in Tehsils of District Malakand of KPK. Sixteen secondary schools and twenty-six students from each school were taken as a sample by using a simple random method. The research instrument DASS 42 about corporal punishment used four options, i.e.at home, at school, both at home and school and neither at home nor at school. The questionnaire was administered to 416 students and 400 were received. The findings of the study were that a significant association of corporal punishment with psychological trauma i.e. depression, anxiety and stress was found. The students were corporally punished both at homes and schools had moderate or severe level of stress, anxiety and depression.. Humanity Publications Assistant ProfessorFaculty of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Sarghoda, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Psychological-Trauma-and-Corporal-Punishment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Anaylsis of Modern Trends in Teacher Education Mujahid Azam Niaz Muhammad Aajiz Muhammad Idris Modern Trends Electronic devices Web-based Learning Quality of Teachers This is a descriptive study. Objectives of the research included: examination of modern tendencies in Teacher Education and find out the breaks and give ideas for improvement of Teacher Education Programs of the region. The population of the research was all teacher education organizations of the province. The sample comprised 55 Course instructors of these institutions. The device of the research analysis was a questionnaire. The data was analyzed and the result was shown in percentage in tables. The literature review explored diverse directions of the concern and reflected the requirements of Teacher Education and Transformations, teachers Quality, Teachers Competencies and Policy. The traditional trend is in practice and the pursuit of quality scares teaching. It is recommended in the research report that technology integration in Teacher Education. The research suggests that the government should take timely notice of the need and importance of the use of modern technologies. Humanity Publications Policy and System Coordinator, UASID/IRC Pakistan Reading Project, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College and University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Anaylsis-of-Modern-Trends-in-Teacher-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Historico - Cultural Analysis of Gendered Power - Play in Society as Portrayed in Nadeem Aslam's Novels Zakia Nasir Androcentric Gender discrimination Othering oppression Power Trajectories. This paper discusses an important aspect of human society, the gendered use of power on women and its portrayal through the literary texts of Nadeem Aslam. Literature mirrors human society through fictional characters and imaginary situations. A co-relation between gendered power, in the historical and contemporary social context and resultant discrimination through oppression and patriarchal hegemonic structures on women is therein established. Themes of female oppression and exploitation, othering and gendered discriminative power dynamics are the basis of this study. Gendered power through its trajectories is the basis of problems faced by women in androcentric societies, creating situational conflicts at the macro and micro level. The resultant feminist concerns give significance to this study as they give rise to pertinent issues, which need to be addressed in human society. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Management &Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Historico-Cultural-Analysis-of-Gendered-Power-Play-in-Society-as-Portrayed-in-Nadeem-Aslams-Novels https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Students Self Perception as Learners, Teachers Support and Institutional Climate as Achievement Predictors Bashir Hussain Khalid Khurshid Abid Shahzad Achievement Institutional Climate Students’ Perceptions Teachers' Support. Several factors are important determinants of students achievement. Students positive perceptions about these factors contribute to their achievement. Considering importance of students perceptions about themselves, teachers support, and institutional climate in influencing their academic achievement, this study specifically examines students perceptions about themselves as learners, teachers support, and institutional climate for predicting their achievement. This research employed survey and correlational research designs. For this research, 372 students were randomly selected as a sample using cluster and stratified random sampling techniques. For data collection in this study, a questionnaire was adapted from Donahue (1994). For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with help of SPSS. It was concluded from multiple regression analysis that university students achievement (i.e., dependent variable) can be significantly predicted from their self-perceptions, teachers support and institutional climate (i.e., independent variables). Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Students-Self-Perception-as-Learners-Teachers-Support-and-Institutional-Climate-as-Achievement-Predictors https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Developing English Speaking Skills: Enforcing Testing Criteria Nailah Riaz Sham Haidar Riaz Hassan Testing Scales Developing Oral Skills Recorded Speaking Performances Pakistan Language is product of four skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. English language learning and examination has been reduced to reading and writing in Pakistan, at the University level. However, English Speaking Skills (ESS) are in high demand in professional life. ESS require testing and grading like English writing skills. This study is based on developing ESS through testing criteria. A survey of university freshmen was used to collect data. Using Kim's (2010) testing scales, the freshmen's ESS progress was gauged through their speaking performances. As a case study, this research used a longitudinal approach (two academic semesters) with a mixed methods approach. University English Language Teachers' (UELTs) and University Administrators /Management's (UANM) interviews were analyzed textually. A criterion as a yardstick helped the learners to fit in to the optimum. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences,Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Developing-English-Speaking-Skills-Enforcing-Testing-Criteria https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Learning Engagement in Mathematics: A Test of an Active Learning Model Syed Iftikhar Hussain Shah Muhammad Iqbal Majoka Shaista Irshad Khan Learning Engagement Active Learning Secondary School Students Mathematics Class Teaching Mathematics This experimental study explored the effect of the 4WsHs active learning model on learning engagement in mathematics classes. The research design used for conducting this study was true experimental research design (pre-test post-test equivalent group design). A sample comprising 190 students selected from two public sector schools was divided into experimental and control groups using a matched random sampling technique. The newly developed active learning model was used as treatment for an experimental group while the same contents of mathematics were taught to the control group using a traditional method. After practice of three months, learning engagement of both groups was measured using a classroom observation checklist. The analyzed data revealed a significant superiority of students belonging to the experimental group over their counterparts in learning engagement. Hence, the newly developed active learning model proved to be effective for developing learning engagement among students. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Education,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Secretary, Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Learning-Engagement-in-Mathematics-A-Test-of-an-Active-Learning-Model https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Marketing Strategies of SMEs and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pharmaceutical Sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mian Daud Nazim Saima Batool Saima Urooge SME’S Pharmaceutical Sector Cost Leadership Differentiation Strategy Segmentation Strategy The study finds the effects of marketing strategies on the SME performance. Further, it explores the marketing strategies adopted by the pharmaceutical companies in various industrial sectors of KP. The Industrial Estate Hayatabad, Industrial Estate Hattar and Industrial Estate Gadoon were taken as sample areas for the selection of firms. Data was collected from 300 pharmaceutical firms in these Industrial Estates. Closedended questionnaire was used to collect data. The segmentation strategy, differentiation strategy, cost leadership strategy i.e. porter generic strategies were analyzed. The study used the correlation and regression model. Results reveal the cost leadership, differentiation strategy, segmentation have positive relationship with the firm performance. The findings also show that the cost leadership and differentiation strategy have significant effect while the segmentation strategy has insignificant effect on the performance of a firm. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar,Department of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Marketing-Strategies-of-SMEs-and-Performance-Empirical-Evidence-from-Pharmaceutical-Sector-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Energy in Economic Growth of Pakistan (1972-2015) Sher Ali Fazle Wahid Abid Ali Energy Consumption Economic Growth Johansen CoIntegration and Pakistan. This paper highlights the importance of energy in the determination of growth for economy of Pakistan. This study has been taken for the period of 1972-2015. Along with energy consumption some other important variables are also put into investigation. The Johansson co-integration estimation technique has been used to estimate the required impact. The results show that energy consumption contributed positively and significantly to long run economic growth. While the said impact is statistically insignificant in the short run, the study suggested on the basis of results that energy sources should be explored to boost which may possible to satisfy the energy need of the country and to get guaranteed economic growth in the long run. Therefore, Government should pay special attention toward the country’s energy sector to stabilize the economy which assures prosperity in the country. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Economics,Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Energy-in-Economic-Growth-of-Pakistan-1972-2015 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Servant Leadership Style and Leadership Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of the Cognitive Style Index Zeeshan Zaib Khattak Sammar Abbas Muhammad Kaleem Servant Leadership Cognitive Style Index Leadership Effectiveness. The aim of this study is to find the moderating role of cognitive style index on servant leadership style and leadership effectiveness relationship. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 415 teaching staff from public and private universities. A total of 200 completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis. Bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. It is concluded that cognitive style index does acts as moderator voluntary subordination, covenantal relationship and transcendent spirituality while for other it does not act as moderator. So, it means that these variables can bring change in the effectiveness of leaders while making decision to serve for society, community, employees, followers or customers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Servant-Leadership-Style-and-Leadership-Effectiveness-The-Moderating-Role-of-the-Cognitive-Style-Index https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Factors of Reduced Level of Affective Commitment: Evidence from the Banking Sector Amen Imran Sundus Wasai Henna Gul Nisar Affective Commitment Lack of Leader Openness to Voice Lack of Open Communication Opportunity Defensive Norms of Organizational Culture Affective Commitment (AC) is a key determinant of positive organizational outcomes. However, certain climatic factors like lack of leader openness to voice (LLV), lack of open communication opportunity (LOC), defensive norms of organizational culture (DNO) and defensive silence (DS) may lead to low level (AC). A mixed method, sequential explanatory design based on quantitative phase followed by qualitative phase is used. The quantitative phase used the probability sampling, questionnaire, structural equation modelling, whereas the qualitative phase used a semi-structured interview, thematic coding and causal networking for sampling, data collection and interpretation respectively. All hypotheses were supported by evidence and explanation was provided for why such relationships exist in the banking context of Pakistan. The implications, future guidelines and study limitations are also discussed. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,IBMS,The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Factors-of-Reduced-Level-of-Affective-Commitment-Evidence-from-the-Banking-Sector https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Chinese World Order and Pakistan: Emerging Trends and Prospects Hafiz Muhammad Shahzad Qasim Noor Fatima Musharaf Iqbal Belt and Road Initiative Economic Recession Chinese Sphere of Influence Chinese World Order New World Order Global Governance Economic recession of 2009 marked the end of the US dominance in the world. The subsequent period brought transition in the global order. China stepped forward by taking “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)”, establishing Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and creating alternative forums to engage various regions by assuming a global role. Chinese World Order here is not aimed at referring to the world dominated by China but Chinese sphere of influence with its greater role. Pakistan’s profile has improved with success against terrorism, Chinese investment and interest by other countries to invest under China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). CPEC is a flagship project of BRI which enables Pakistan’s growth and extend it economic integration with China. Pakistan’s close partnership with China enables it to play a greater political role in South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East, the Islamic world and the world at large. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Political Science and International Relation, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (visiting), International Islamic university Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Chinese-World-Order-and-Pakistan-Emerging-Trends-and-Prospects https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Sino-Indian Engagement in Central Asia: Implications for Pakistan Quaid Ali Muhammad Ayaz Khan Saima Gul Central Asia China India Natural Resources Pakistan. Five Central Asian Republics (CARs) got independence in December 1991 as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Politically, economically, strategically and geographically Central Asia is regarded as the Heart of Asia. This region is the hub of the natural resources. It became a battle ground for the states which have interest in its hydrocarbon reserves. The paper examines the ongoing competition between China and India for the resources of Central Asia. Both of these countries are eyeing the huge potential of trade relations with this large market. They were also trying to create energy partnerships with the gas- and oil-rich region. This resulted in competition between the two countries inof the region. This article describes China and India as competitors in this region. As a neighbouring country, this engagement of China and India has serious implications for Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science,Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Sino-Indian-Engagement-in-Central-Asia:-Implications-for-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Lying with truth: A Postmodernist Representation of History in Gerald Vizenor's The Heirs of Columbus Fehmida Manzoor Mehwish Malghani Shumaila Mazher Deconstruction of History Historiographic Metafiction Parody Pastiche. This study traces the representation of deconstructed history in Gerald Vizenors fictional work The Heirs of Columbus. The study highlights the metanarrative techniques through which the officialized history is subverted and decentralized. The study is grounded in postmodern Historiographic Metafiction theory of Linda Hutcheon for investigation of the data. Historiographic metafiction dismantles the overriding official version of history and presents many mini versions of truths. The study exhibits the dismantled version of overriding history of American Indians. It gives an insight into the American Indian approach of United States history. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of English,SBKWU (Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University) Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,SBKWU (Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University) Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,SBKWU (Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University) Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Lying-with-truth-A-Postmodernist-Representation-of-History-in-Gerald-Vizenors-The-Heirs-of-Columbus https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development and Validation of Multiple-Choice Test of the Geometry Part of Mathematics for Secondary Class Nasreen Akhter Ahmad Akhtar Usmani Sabiha Iqbal Achievement Test Difficulty Power Discrimination Power Item Analysis Reliability Validity This study overviews development and validity of a pool of multiple choice test items of geometry part of Mathematics for secondary level. A table of specifications was prepared and a pool of 48 multiple-choice type test items was developed from the test universe. The content validity and face validity of test items was determined with the help of a team of experts. Sample of the study was 488 students of class 10. After determining the validity and reliability through item analysis and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the test, it was concluded that 30 out of 48 items in the test were valid, reliable and suitable for measurement of the learning achievements in the course. Therefore, these items are useful in the boards of examinations for 9th class in Punjab (Pakistan). Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Development-and-Validation-of-Multiple-Choice-Test-of-the-Geometry-Part-of-Mathematics-for-Secondary-Class https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Determinants Influencing the Influx of Counterfeit Luxury Goods in Pakistan Abid Saeed Osman Sadiq Paracha Consumer Behavior Counterfeit Luxury Goods Gender Pakistan Purchase Intention. The demand for counterfeit goods has exponentially grown and counterfeit goods trade has consequently emerged as a global problem. The present study investigates the determinants that encourage consumers to acquire counterfeit luxury goods. This research further analyzes purchase intention as mediator and gender role as a moderator between the contextual factors and consumer behavior. A quantitative approach was applied through a questionnaire to gather data from 380 Pakistani respondents. The measurement and structural model assessed through Smart PLS. The results confirmed that purchase intention acts as a mediator between hedonic motives, materialism and consumer behavior. However, purchase intention has no mediating effect on economic benefits. Similarly, gender role as moderator was insignificant. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Determinants-Influencing-the-Influx-of-Counterfeit-Luxury-Goods-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Exploration of College Principals' Technology Leadership Competency Assessment Wajeeha Aurangzeb Tehseen Tahir Kifayat Khan Technology Leadership Competence Intellectual Property Rights Cyber Security This paper explores leadership technology competence of college principals in six domains, (1) vision and leadership, (2) teaching learning, (3) professional practice and productivity, (4) operations and support management, (5) evaluation and assessment, and (6) legal, ethical and social issues. Competence of the principals for using technology gadgets in the domains of teaching -learning was found high whereas his/her social, legal and ethical considerations for technology use were found to be low. Most respondents valued technology competence but focused incorporating its administrative use. Furthermore, leadership training programmes may contain modules related to professional use of databases, content and data management systems in order to enhance principals use of these for day-to-day administrative purposes. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Exploration-of-College-Principals-Technology-Leadership-Competency-Assessment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysis of Political Discourse in Pakistani Party Manifestos Mehwish Malghani Shabana Akhtar Farhat Farooqi Political manifesto Political Discourse Identity and Ideology Political discourse is inarguably deemed an essential tool, impercetably influencing people’s perception within a socio-political zone. The present research revolve around the critical discourse analysis of manifestos of Pakistani political parties, pertaining to the general election of 2013. The theoretical framework for the study triangulates VanDijks (1998) Socio-Cognitive Model, along with the support of Turner and Tajfels (1979) Social identity approach and Budge and Farlies Salience theory (1983). The research revealed that all the political parties under study used the discursive strategies in their party manifestos in order to enhance the positive self-image of party to in-group people, by focusing the negative aspects of the out-group, thereby (re)constructing peoples political identities and ideologies and achieving the desired hegemony for itself. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English,The Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Analysis-of-Political-Discourse-in-Pakistani-Party-Manifestos https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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China's Contemporary Foreign Policy Behavior: An Analysis through Realist, Liberal and Constructive Perspectives Asif Farooq Umbreen Javaid Foreign Policy Strategic Options Power Interdependence Identity China’s tremendous rise will certainly be one of the major turbulent of the current century. Chinese leadership has already astonished the world with its economic development and active diplomacy. It is apparent that there will be a greater increase in Chinese power, influence, and involvement in regional and global affairs in future decades. We cannot envisage the exact nature of Chinese objectives and intentions in near future, however, we can proclaim that Chinese aims will be more spacious than they now are. Some observers view this increasing Chinese enthusiasm in regional affairs as a step towards regional hegemony, while others regard it as promotion of mutual understandings and economic interdependence. Some regional states are viewing Chinese policies with cautions and concerns have been raised in international community. To discuss and elaborate all these aspects of Chinese foreign policy behavior; the major paradigms like realism, liberalism, and constructivism will be explored respectively. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Political Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Chinas-Contemporary-Foreign-Policy-Behavior-An-Analysis-through-Realist-Liberal-and-Constructive-Perspectives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Globalization on Inflation in Selected South Asian Countries: Using Panel Data Techniques Sher Ali Abid Ali Saleem Khan Globalization Inflation South Asian Countries Panel Ardl The present study is about to elucidate the relationship between globalization and inflation in the South Asian Region. This study is carried out for period of 1081-2016 for four south Asian countries. Panel data techniques were put into investigation. Panel unit root tests reported that the variables are of I(0) and I(1). Hausman test revealed that Pooled Mean Group is suitable for estimation i.e. ARDL. Results showed that the globalization forces considerably and significantly determine inflation. In case of individual country it affected inflation a little different; it is highly significant in case of Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka and less effective for India and Pakistan. Bangladesh and SriLanka may get benefit from protectionist policy to control inflation. We can conclude that large countries are less affected i.e. India and Pakistan. Due to large size of the country external forces are inefficient to affect domestic structure considerably. A small country is expected to be affected more, therefore, it is recommended that small countries should adopt the policies of globalization more carefully. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar (Public Sector University), KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,Abdul Wali Kahn University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Globalization-on-Inflation-in-Selected-South-Asian-Countries-Using-Panel-Data-Techniques https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Effects of Family Size and Learning Achievement on Dropout Rate of the Students at Primary Level Ahmad Ali Hussain Ali Syed Rashid Ali Dropout; Family Size; Learning Achievements; Primary Education In this paper the researcher observed about family size, learning achievement and dropout rate of the students at the primary level in Swat, Pakistan. A sample size of 170 respondents was interviewed from the total population of 700 (dropped students). To find out the effect of family size and learning achievement on dropout rate of the students. A logistic regression model was applied. The result indicates that majority of respondent’s family size was above ten members and monthly income (4,000-7,000) PKR. Similarly, large family size was found highly significant “P = 0.000” and Low Learning Achievement was significant as “P = 0.011” with dropout from school. The study concludes that out-of-school (large family size) and in-school (low learning achievement) are the major causes of high dropout rate from schools at primary level. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology,Abdul Wali Khan University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Effects-of-Family-Size-and-Learning-Achievement-on-Dropout-Rate-of-the-Students-at-Primary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Green Marketing Strategies : Paradigms and Assessment Adnan Jamil Muhammad Zia ur Rehman Green Consumption values Environmental Values Attitude towards Green Products Consumer Buying Behavior and Value Attitude Behavior Hierarchy Theory. The current study also attempts to contribute significantly in this regard, as it attempts to map relationships between value systems and attitude towards green buying behavior. This study postulates that Environmental Value (EnV) forms the GA, which endorses CBB. After a careful literature review it has been revealed that very limited studies have attempted to map this relationship thread lending credence to the current study. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient achieved a value of 0 .275 0 significant at a P-value of 0.001*. The Cronbachs α value achieved for the EnV is 0.747 which is also significant, indicating that the overall results endorse the postulate of the current research that, EnV is also a principle variable other than CV to map CBB for the case of mapping green buying behavior Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/green-marketing-strategies-paradigms-and-assessment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan Rooh ul Amin Khan Zahid Yousaf War on Terror Role of Media Psychological Pressures Responsible Reporting Safety of Journalists While using qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study analyzes the issues and challenges faced by the journalists while working in the areas going under military operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and FATA. Based on the hierarchy of influences model, a survey was conducted in Waziristan, Swat and Peshawar. A total of 185 local journalists from Swat, North Waziristan and Peshawar are selected and interviewed. The research found various psychological and visible impacts on journalists reporting from conflict areas. They face challenges like governmental and organizational pressure, safety hazards and bars on freedom of access to news sources. Low perks and privileges, facilities to perform their professional duties and demanding standards for local journalists. The war journalists were dissatisfied with their professions and many were thinking to quit their jobs. In the qualitative technique of semistructured interviews, the survey findings were supported and integrated with the large issues of media control and geo-strategic considerations. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Centre of Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Centre for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Socio-Psychological-Effects-on-Media-Professional-Standards-during-Military-Operations-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Tribal Family Institutions in the Promotion of Honour Killing Arshad Khan Bangash Syed Imran Haider Fariha Bibi Honour Killing Kurram Agency Maliks Lungi Holders Spingiri This study is carried out in tribal district Kurram, Pakistan under positivistic methodology with the aim to investigate the role of family institution in honour killing. The results of the study concluded that honour killing is family oriented act that threatens social status and reputation of family. This barbaric act is carried out inside home as well as in public places by the male family members to restore the lost honour. Mostly women become easy victims of such killings while family members of the male offender usually try to avoid his killing by providing him with protection. Creating awareness among tribal people about direction and magnitude of human loss, promotion of the teachings of Islam about human life and liberty and replacing the concept of bravery with cowardice regarding honour killing were presented as some of the recommendations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Sociology, Gender Studies and Education,Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Social Work and Population Studies,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Rural Sociology, Agriculture University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Tribal-Family-Institutions-in-the-Promotion-of-Honour-Killing https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Fostering the Trade, Investment and Economic Globalization Noor Fatima Asia Baig Burhan Ali Shah CPEC Trade Economic Development Foreign Direct Investment Globalization Though the 21st century was considered hallmark economic globalization and trade partnership but recent developments of Brexit and President Trumps protective and anti-multilateral trading have challenged the established liberal consensus on economic globalization. This paper would argue that on the contrary the case of CPEC is the recent initiative from China and Pakistan which is giving boost to the new wave of economic Globalization as the economic corridor China projected the Belt and Road as a road to prosperity whereas isolation brings backwardness, will be more true with regard to CPEC. For Pakistan it is a gamechanger as it is a framework of regional connectivity. CPEC will not only benefit China and Pakistan but will have positive impact on Iran, Afghanistan, India, Central Asian Republic, and the region. The enhancement of geographical linkages will further the economic globalization as against the anti-globalization moves. Humanity Publications Chairperson, Department of International Relations and Political Science,International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Demonstrator, Department of Economics,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Quaid-i-Azam School of Management Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/China-Pakistan-Economic-Corridor-CPEC-Fostering-the-Trade-Investment-and-Economic-Globalization https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Moral Suasion or Policy Reforms? How to Tackle Sectarian Violence in Pakistan: The Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan Saranjam Muhammad Baig Extremism Policyreforms Pakistan Religion Sectarianism Government-Failures Violence. The existing literature in social sciences and humanities analyzing root causes of sectarian and religious conflicts focus mostly on micro-factors. The inability of market and state factors to control sectarian conflict for last seven decades remains understudied by the contemporary literature. This article aims at filling that gap and seeks to identify certain market and government failures that have implications on sectarian and religious conflicts. More specifically, it identifies four market failures namely asymmetries of information, externalities, equity and public goods and three government failures, which include democracy failure, bureaucratic failure and implementation failure. In contrast to the literature shedding light on the impact and gravity of sectarian and religious violence in the country, the purpose here remains to highlight important aspects of public policy reforms for peace making and peace building. This article, based on the aforementioned market and government failures, suggests a whole new set of policy reforms. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Oman. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Moral-Suasion-or-Policy-Reforms-How-to-Tackle-Sectarian-Violence-in-Pakistan-The-Case-Study-of-Gilgit-Baltistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Reflection of Teacher Educator's Professionalism on Prospective Teachers Asma Khizar Khizar Muhammad Nadeem Anwar Mushtaq Ahmad Malik Teacher Professionalism Reflection Teacher Educators Prospective Teachers Teacher Education programs Reflection of teacher’s own professionalism matters so the present study aimed to evaluate the reflection of teacher educator’s professionalism on their students. The survey was conducted to collect data by using two self-developed questionnaires one for teacher educators and others for prospective teachers. A sample of 155 teacher educators and 200 prospective teachers participated in this study randomly selected from one general university of Islamabad and seven universities of Punjab province. Analyses revealed that prospective teachers were highly reflecting professional attitude, professional practice and professional confidence while less professional commitment, professional ethics, and professional knowledge and competence. Teacher educators showed high level of professional commitment, professional leadership and supportive culture whereas less professional practice, professional ethics and professional knowledge and competence. Nevertheless, the prospective teachers were not properly acquiring teacher educator’s professionalism. Findings may be used in teacher education programs to enhance professionalism through organization of continuous professional development practices Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Reflection-of-Teacher-Educators-Professionalism-on-Prospective-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Investigation into the Mediating Effects of Organizational Commitment Between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement Nazim Ali Zahid Ali Adnan Khan Psychological Capital Work Engagement Commitment. Nurses Pakistan The main objective of this study was to investigate not only the relationship between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement but also to test the mediating role of Organizational Commitment. A cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected from 226 nurses of the threelarge hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. The PCQ, UWES-9 and Meyer and Allen (1991) scales were used as measuring instruments. The results of the study reveal a significant relationship between 1) Psychological Capital and Work Engagement, 2) Psychological Capital and Organizational Commitment, 3) Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement. It was also found that Organizational Commitment partially mediated the relationship between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement. The study will further contribute to the existing literature on positive organizational behavior. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Commerce and Management Sciences, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Commerce and Management Sciences,University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Commerce and Management Sciences, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Investigation-into-the-Mediating-Effects-of-Organizational-Commitment-Between-Psychological-Capital-and-Work-Engagement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Health Needs and Care Seeking Behavior of Internally Displaced Persons Living in Jalozai Camp (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) Mohammad Imran Marwat Katrina A. Ronis Noor Sanauddin Care Seeking Behavior IDPs Human Rights Health Services Health Needs Pakistan Since 2009, an estimated 3 million people were displaced in Pakistan of which 10% took refuge in “camps”. To ascertain their health needs and care-seeking behavior an exploratory crosssectional survey was undertaken from November 2017 to April 2018 in Jalozai camp by interviewing 318 household heads and 318 married females using systematic and convenient sampling techniques respectively. Study findings revealed that 91% of the IDPs received some assistance for shelter, food, water, sanitation and basic health services while 37% of respondents had difficulties in fulfilling their family food demands, 38% had poor access to water. The prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases in the camp was 29% and 23% respectively. Demand for basic public health needs and health services was high and required active and coordinated interventions by both the public and private sectors. The study recommends a national health framework for IDPs. Humanity Publications Fellow Ph.D. Public Health,Health Services Academy,Islamabad, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Health-Needs-and-Care-Seeking-Behavior-of-Internally-Displaced-Persons-Living-in-Jalozai-Camp-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Prevalence of Physical Abuse at Primary School Level in District Faisalabad Nadia Rafique Bushra Naoreen Muhammad Ayub Buzdar Physical abuse Primary school level School teacher Head teacher Physical abuse in schools is quite visible in developing countries like Pakistan; it is being covered by maintaining discipline in schools which instigated to conduct this study as a dire need of the time to cope with physical abuse at the primary school level. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. Two hundred and forty-five teachers and 23 head teachers and 500 students were selected from the Primary Section of Higher Secondary Schools of two tehsils (City & Sadar) of District Faisalabad. A Likert type scale for teachers and headteachers and a dichotomous questionnaire for students were used as research instruments. Mean, Standard Deviation, ANOVA, ttest, frequency, Mann-Whitney u test were applied to analyze data. Teachers and headteachers’ perceptions indicated that physical abuse exists moderately whereas students’ responses explored the presence of a high level of physical abuse by the teachers in the schools. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Prevalence-of-Physical-Abuse-at-Primary-School-Level-in-District-Faisalabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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High School Students' Perception of Challenges in Physics Learning and Relevance of Field Dependency Nasrin Akhter Abdul Majeed Khan Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Physics Perceptions challenges Level of Field Dependency Group embedded figure test Hidden Figure Test The study examines high school Students’ Perceptions and challenges in learning Physics regarding Field Dependency. Physics is often represented as being abstract and unrelated to the real-life subject. Field Independent students gain higher than the Field Dependent students as hat independent students’ confidence and understanding are higher than dependent students. The study uses a survey with samples of students drawn from both Urdu and English medium from rural and urban higher secondary schools (N = 500). Firstly, a survey questionnaire for perceptions and challenges in Physics learning and second test for Level of Field Dependency of Johnstone experiment test which is also known as group embedded figure test. Field dependency shows high mean value represents the outcome that mostly students are field dependent. Female students’ ratio is exceeded than male students because of the current pattern of education. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Educational Research and Assessment,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education & Research,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/High-School-Students-Perception-of-Challenges-in-Physics-Learning-and-Relevance-of-Field-Dependency https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Post-colonial Feminist Critique of Roys The God of Small Things Zahir Jang Khattak Hira Ali Shehrzad Ameena Khattak Postcolonialism Feminism Subaltern British Imperialism Colonized. Patriarchal Traditions. The present study intends to thoroughly examine the Postcolonial feminist perspective in Arundhati Roys novel The God of Small Things by focusing on the theoretical approaches of Gaytri Spivak, Trinh T.Minha and Ania Loomba. The ambivalent personality of colonized women is tarnished due to subalternity imposed by the patriarchal culture of India. The destructive nature of the Western Imperialism forced the people to endure wild oppression by British colonizers. Postcolonialism paved the way for the double oppression of women. Women became the victim of not only British Imperialists but also native cultural patriarchy. Roy successfully intricates three generations of women i.e Baby Kochamma, Mammachi, Ammu, and Rahel into the fabric of the novel to acme the plight of women in the Third World Nations.. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of English,University of Qurtaba, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,Sargodh University, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English,University of Qurtaba, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Post-colonial-Feminist-Critique-of-Roys-The-God-of-Small-Things https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unlocking the Role of Corporate Boards in Stimulating Corporate Governance Muhammad Bilal Samza Fatima Aamir Abbas Corporate Boards Corporate Governance Effectiveness of Board of Directors Corporate boards have gained remarkable significance over the past few years due to the efforts of various scholars who explored the positives of corporate boards in the context of governance of companies. This paper investigates the effectiveness of corporate boards in stimulating corporate governance, generating shareholder value and examining physiognomies that affect good governance practices. The intention is to explore: how principles of corporate governance can be stimulated to be more effective and efficient; what attributes of corporate governance may influence the performance of corporate boards for satisfying the shareholder expectations. The methodology used for this paper is qualitative and employs an inductive approach along with exploratory and analytical philosophy. The findings of this paper emphasize the fair appointment process for directors and to increase the number of external directors in corporate boards; so that the significant issues of companies could be discussed properly and finalized timely. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Law, G. C. University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Unlocking-the-Role-of-Corporate-Boards-in-Stimulating-Corporate-Governance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Perceptions of Supervisors and Supervisees about Supervisor Role and Responsibilities in Student Research Work Shumaila Shahzad Muhammad Shabbir Ali Umair Ayub Supervisor Supervisee Research Work Research Process. The present study seeks to discover the supervisor and supervisees perceptions about supervisor responsibilities in student research work throughout the research process. A selfdeveloped 16 items questionnaire based on the process of thesis work was used to collect data from a sample of 75 supervisors and 200 supervisees who were selected through convenient sampling technique from a university in a metropolitan area of Pakistan. Findings of the study revealed that supervisors held supervisees more responsible for gaining scholarship and selection of topic. On the other hand, supervisees perceive their supervisors to be less responsible for topic selection and decisions regarding recognition for publication. Results of independent sample t-test show wide gap between the perception and expectations of both the groups. It calls for serious actions to be taken by the department. Recommendations and educational implications are given in the research paper. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (Education), University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/perceptions-of-supervisors-and-supervisees-about-supervisor-role-and-responsibilities-in-student-research-work https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Emotional Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention Tufail Nawaz Aziz Javed Aman Ullah Emotional Intelligence Entrepreneurial Intention Entrepreneurial SelfEfficacy University Students Mediation Current study is an attempt to highlight the connection of emotional intelligence with entrepreneurial intention directly as well as indirectly by taking in account entrepreneurial selfefficacy as a mediator. A sample of 352 final year business administration students from different universities (public sector) of KP, Pakistan is taken by the researcher. Questionnaire is used as data collection instrument whereas measures are adopted from previous literature for measuring present study variables. Reliability analysis for scale reliability, correlation analysis for testing relationships of variables and PROCESS macros (model # 4) for mediation analysis is employed by the researcher to get results. Results depicts a significant positive relationship among study variables. Researcher also find out that self-efficacy (entrepreneurial) mediates the association of entrepreneurial intention with emotional intelligence among final year business administration students. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/emotional-intelligence-entrepreneurial-selfefficacy-and-entrepreneurial-intention https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The attitude of Parents towards Their Daughters Higher Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Roohul Amin Abdur Rashid Shabir Ahmad Attitude Parents Community Higher Education and Daughter. The present paper focused on finding out attitudes of parents towards their daughters' higher education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objective was to find out the attitude of parents towards their daughters' higher education. The study was delimited to male parents of three districts, namely Dir Lower, Dir Upper and Swat. The target population was 4872 male parents. A sample of 360 male parents was selected according to L.R Gay sample selection table, and self-developed five Likert scale questionnaires were distributed among them. The data was fed into SPSS version 16 and analyzed through percentage and chi-square. The study found that positive attitude of parents had good effects on their daughters' higher education and recommended that government should increase the number of institutes, provide facilities at female higher education institutes and encourage the community to make parents' attitudes positive. Humanity Publications Ph D Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Upper Dir, KP, Pakistan. S.S Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-attitude-of-parents-towards-their-daughters-higher-education-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Overconfidence Bias: Empirical Examination of Trading Turnover and Market Returns Syeda Faiza Urooj Nosheen Zafar Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu Stock Returns Volatility Overconfidence Self-Attribution Vector Auto-Regressive Model Theory of overconfidence states that investors are highly overconfident when valuing the stocks. Self-attribution has been found by the researchers as the root cause for overconfidence bias in investors. Investors attribute the high stock prices and returns with their own art of picking up the stocks, and thus they trade more frequently. In order to test overconfidence and self-attribution Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been employed to find out the long-term relationship between endogenous variables: market return and market turnover and exogenous variables: volatility and dispersion. Results revealed that there exists a strong positive relationship between market returns and trading turnover. Also, the crosssectional standard deviation in market prices i-e volatility and the cross-sectional variation in stock returns i-e dispersion has a very strong impact on trading pattern and returns. Since investment decisions made by Pakistani investor largely depend upon psychological factors, giving less weightage to all the fundamentals, the trading pattern exhibited may collectively tend the market behave in an irrational manner. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Accounts Officer, Accountant General Pakistan Revenue, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of commerce, Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/overconfidence-bias-empirical-examination-of-trading-turnover-and-market-returns https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analyzing the Role of Social Media in Strengthening Democracy in Pakistan Sumera Batool Saba Sultana Farrah -ul- Momineen Social Media Democratization Political Awareness Political Efficacy Political Participation Modern innovation in communication has changed patterns of socializing. Advance forms of communication are paving ways for people to convey their ideologies to others. This study attempts to analyze the role of social media in strengthening democracy in Pakistan and highlights the importance of media in democratic states by an extensive review of the literature. The core concern of the study was to observe how mass media contributes to the socialization of democracy. Quantitative research methodology opted, and research findings concluded that social media advocates the public on general political issues that increase the political efficacy and resulting in more political participation in Pakistan. Web 2.0 platforms such as Twitter and Facebook provide new opportunities to create a political environment in Pakistan. In the presence of these platforms, a bridge is developed between the citizens for strengthening a strong democratic setup. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication and Media, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-the-role-of-social-media-in-strengthening-democracy-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Intertextual Inscription of Diasporic Identity in Ondaatje's The English Patient Qasim Shafiq Mazhar Hayat Ali Usman Saleem Diaspora Identity Intertextuality Ondaatje WWII hrough Julia Kristiva's intertextuality, this study explores the diasporic version of identity in Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient - the text that is based on Ondaatje's inspiration from other literary and non-literary texts: Rudyard Kipling's Kim, Herodotus' The History, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans and the story of Gyges and the Queen. This theoretical inscription locates the source of the expression of the meaning of the text: either the author or the text per se. It argues the intertextual narration of Ondaatje, a Sri Lankan living in Canada, about the fragmented identities of the diasporas in the post-World War II milieu. This intertextual approach highlights the politics working behind the location of the characters, their (dis)placement from/to their origin and their identity in the post-WWII time. The framing of these intertextual discourses helps understand the contexts of diaspora characters as well as diaspora writers. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/intertextual-inscription-of-diasporic-identity-in-ondaatjes-the-english-patient https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Rediscovery of Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie: An Analysis from New Historicist, Historical Reception and Feminist Perspectives Imran Ali Bahramand Shah Rediscovery Feminism Social-Darwinism Dreiser Pakistani A social documentary of Dreiser's milieu and own life, Sister Carrie (1900) portrays American women from multiple angles. As a genuine criticism of debased American values, the text describes women's social, personal, sexual, marital, and economic sides of contemporary American women through Carrie. Having a poor critical reception in the 1910s, the novel was rediscovered worldwide with new vigor since the mid-20th-century for its potent feminist message. Like in other countries, its importance has been felt Pakistani academia, where it is psychologically preparing the emerging woman for the forthcoming SocialDarwinist challenges. This study rediscovers Sister Carrie through the lenses of New Historicism, Historical Reception, and Feminism: why Dreiser wrote it; how the public/critics received it; how it contributed a change to the women's position; and how it could strengthen women's role in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, American Literature, Area Study Center, Quaidii-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-rediscovery-of-theodore-dreisers-sister-carrie-an-analysis-from-new-historicist-historical-reception-and-feminist-perspectives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Oil Price Fluctuations and Volatility of Firm Risk Asif Rahman Muhammad Faizan Malik Shehzad Khan Macroeconomic Factors Oil Price Fluctuations Firm Performance Firm Risk Prior literature reports that macro-economic factors of a country affect stock exchange performance and thus firm performance. Recent strands of literature and the fluctuations in currency have a substantive effect on countries' economies. These fluctuations are also a cause of price fluctuations of imports and exports. One such factor which directly affects firm performance is the oil price fluctuations. Thus, this thesis empirically investigates the effect of oil price fluctuations on firm risk for the firms listed on PSX for the period 2012-2017. Secondary data is taken from SBP, Balance Sheet Analysis Database, Pakistan Stock Exchange and the company's website in some cases. Using Panel data, results show that oil prices increase firm risk (beta), which indicates that market participants react to change in oil prices and thus increases risks. The study indicates that policymakers need to control oil prices to keep firm risk in control and thus manage the market towards a better investment environment. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Institute of Business Studies & Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies & Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies & Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/oil-price-fluctuations-and-volatility-of-firm-risk https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of Flipped-Learning and E-Learning in ELT Teacher Education Ejaz Mirza Muhammad Haseeb Nasir E-Learning FlippedLearning Pedagogical Approach Technology Integrated Synchronous Asynchronous Advancement in technology has brought a positive change in pedagogical practices. The development started with the integration of technology as a tool for teaching and has reached e-learning and Flipped-learning. In this study, the features of e-learning and Flippedlearning are compared from the perspective of technology and pedagogy in practice. To collect the data, English language teachers of public sector colleges and universities, who had attended online courses and blended courses, were selected for focus group discussion through purely judgmental sampling. The questions for focus group discussion were based on the Stephen Bax's (2003) criteria to compare different phases of CALL. The research highlights that flipped-learning gives more support and freedom to the learner to work at his own pace, whereas e-learning gives more opportunities for independent learning. There is no face-toface interaction in e-learning, whereas, in flipped-learning, the learners get a chance to interact in real-time. The participants of e-learning courses were urged to incorporate some sort of realtime interaction, whether online or face-to-face. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English and Social Sciences, NUML University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, NUML University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-of-flippedlearning-and-elearning-in-elt-teacher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development and Federalism: Responses of Federating Units Over CPEC Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Federalism CPEC Development Pakistan Neoliberalism CPEC is deeply interconnected with federal structural in Pakistan. There is a difference of opinion amongst the scholars and policy makers regarding the impact of CPEC on federalism in Pakistan. This paper is an attempt to analyze liberal framework of federation and its connection with neoliberal development project of CPEC. In neoliberal framework, the decentralization and distribution of resources amongst the federating units and sub-national identities seems complex puzzle. The dominant forces amongst federating units joined same elite class for the protection of their own interest. This elite concentration and bargain model is reciprocal to the fundamental idea of federation. This paper demonstrates that CPEC is sharpening the unevenness amongst the federating units and sub-national identities. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University-Islamabad. He worked as Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kin 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/development-and-federalism-responses-of-federating-units-over-cpec https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Ecocritical Insight into Ted Hughe's Poetry as an Alternative and Complementary Approach to Anthropocentrism Umar Hayat Nasir Iqbal Mumtaz Ahmad Anthropocentrism Biocentrism Ecocritical Approach Ted Hughes This paper aims to explore the ecocritical perspective of Ted Hughes in his poetry as an alternative and complementary approach to anthropocentrism. The present study, immersed in the ecocritical theoretical insights, is significant in terms of pinpointing Hughes' contribution to advocating the need to promote Eco-friendly and symbiotic attitudes for ensuring what is termed as ecological balance. In his poetry, it is evident that nature still retains vigor, vitality, and primal energy, which is lost by man. Obsessed with the idea of conquering nature, which has its roots in the enlightenment ideologies of the nineteenth century, reason-led humans have taken a dangerous route to reach the pinnacle of worldly success by defeating the environment around which man believes, is his enemy so must be vanquished. Ted Hughes is the one finest nature poets of the twentieth century, highly acclaimed for his treatment of nature,environment, animals, and symbiotic relationship between man and his environment. Animals and ecological concerns frequently appear in his poetry, and he shows a delicate and human concern for the non-human creatures and believes in the harmonious co-existence of humans and non-humans. This paper explores bio centrism in Ted’s poetry as an alternative and complementary approach to anthropocentrism. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Government Guru Nanak Post Graduate College Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer in English, Government Guru Nanak Post Graduate College Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of English, Government Guru Nanak Post Graduate College Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-ecocritical-insight-into-ted-hughes-poetry-as-an-alternative-and-complementary-approach-to-anthropocentrism https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study of the Kashmir Conflict Coverage in Pakistani and Indian Press Ayesha Saddiqa Farish Ullah Yousafzai War Journalism Peace Journalism Jammu & Kashmir The paper compares the coverage of JNK conflict in the Pakistani and Indian English press. The objective of the study is to figure out the differences in the coverage of Kashmir conflict by the Indian and Pakistani press along with determining the prominence of war or peace frames in the coverage. Content Analysis was carried out of the news stories published on the international and national pages of English daily The Nation and Dawn from Pakistani press and English daily The Hindu and Times of India from the Indian press. The results revealed that war framing was recorded as the most dominant coverage pattern with respect to Kashmir conflict. War frames were more dominant in the Indian press coverage as compared to the Pakistani press and the differences in the coverage of the press of the two countries are significant. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar,Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean,Faculty of Arts, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Comparative-Study-of-the-Kashmir-Conflict-Coverage-in-Pakistani-and-Indian-Press https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Politics of Identity and Redrawing the State Boundaries in India: An Historical Perspective Muhammad Shoaib Malik Azhar Mahmood Abbasi Saima Gul Re-demarcation Subnationalism Re-organization Indian constitution Ethnic Identity Politics group Indian states. This article will examine the idea of new states/provinces in India. How India created 16 new states on ethno-lingual, and other lines and accommodate the ethnic groups. The case study of India is focussing on the different factors; including constitutional setup and role of different political parties of India in making of the new state. The following three basic questions investigate the paper’s perspective. First; what has been the basis of demands for the creation of new states in India? Second; what are the main hurdles in the reorganization of state and what urged the redemarcation of states in India? Third; what has been the stance of political Parties about the creation of new states in Indian state? Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, NationalUniversity of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Politics-of-Identity-and-Redrawing-the-State-Boundaries-in-India-An-Historical-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The US War on Terror in Afghanistan and its Impact on FATA in Pakistan Fazal Wahid FATA Governance Mujahideen Al Qaeda Taliban TTP PTM The US counterattack on Afghanistan in October 2001 changed in the overall security structure of the region. The Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters escaped the US bombing of the Tora Bora in Afghanistan and crossed into the FATA region of Pakistan. Pakistan’s military operations against these militants in the FATA provided a boost to the latter’s cause and almost the entire FATA experienced a sort of Talibanization. The US war in Afghanistan had its spillover effect in FATA. Terrorist activities unleashed in the entire Pakistan and turmoil in Afghanistan added fuel to this situation. FATA’s special constitutional status was adding to the woes of Pakistan and subsequently FATA was merged with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). This paper analyzes the impact of the US war in Afghanistan on the FATA region of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty,Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-US-War-on-Terror-in-Afghanistan-and-its-Impact-on-FATA-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Hamlet and Pluralism: A Postmodernist Metaphor Muhammad Ayub Jajja Pluralism Uncertainty Absolutist Undesirability The present study means to investigate Hamlet in the light of postmodernist-Deconstructive theoretical framework. The play seems to reinforce the overarching dominant patriarchal meta-narrative, with supposed unitary voice and unified identities. The current reading means to show that the play is a metaphor of postmodernism with pluralistic subjectivities, multiple alternative micronarrative voices. It manifests the postmodernist notion of subjective, personal and local truth, against the idea of universal truth and reality. Its major features are self-difference, undecidability, and uncertainty. The regimes of truth in the form of dominant ideology are challenged, deconstructed and undermined, creating a zone of the postmodern condition of reality and truth as the effect of power and rhetoric. The postmodern condition does not push for the replacement of one totality with another. It creates a third space of pluralism, where all the voices are disjoined in a zone of the difference without hierarchy. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Hamlet-and-Pluralism-A-Postmodernist-Metaphor https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Bureaucratic Efficiency as Determinant of Trade Openness in SAARC Countries Rabia Saghir Muhammad Arshad Khan Nazima Ellahi Bureaucratic Efficiency Democracy Government Size Trade Openness The study explores how bureaucratic efficiency effects international trade in Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Srilanka. A composite indicator of government effectiveness is used to measure bureaucratic efficiency and model is estimated by using the SYS-GMM. It is well recognized that bureaucratic efficiency is vital to the enhancement of trade, whereas the result shows that a negative relationship exists between bureaucratic efficiency and trade openness. Similarly, encouraging link exists between government size and international trade as the government provides different services to enhance the trade at the international market. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business and Technology, Foundation University Rawalpindi Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Management Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Science, Foundation University Rawalpindi Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Bureaucratic-Efficiency-as-Determinant-of-Trade-Openness-in-SAARC-Countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Comparative and Narrative Analysis: Executive Leader as Team Builder at the University Level Uzma Syeda Gilani Umar Ali Khan Executive Leader Leadership Team Building University Narrative Views. This study was to compare and narrate the difference in the role of team building, through self-assessed inventory by VC (Executive Leader), observation sheet filled by co-workers as well as the narrated view of executive leaders regarding team-building of the newly established University of the region. Concurrent triangulation mixed-method design was followed. Vice-Chancellors of all Public universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan constitutes the population of the study. According to the design, the same sampling technique was used. Four ViceChancellors of newly established Universities and five observers among their co-workers of each VC were taken as respondents of the study. There were significant differences among the self-assessed views of VCs regarding team building and views of their coworkers and narrative views of executive leaders at newly established universities. For team leadership, egalitarian style, knowledge of emotional intelligence and target-oriented communication are recommended Humanity Publications Lecturer in IER, University of Science and Technology, Bannu. KP, Pakistan. Director IER, Preston University, Kohat Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Comparative-and-Narrative-Analysis-Executive-Leader-as-Team-Builder-at-the-University-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Antecedents of Careerism: A Mediated- Moderated Model Shazia Akhtar Muhammad Faisal Malik Muhammad Asim Afridi Proactive Personality Career Self -Efficacy Extroverts Openness to Experience Gender and Careerism. The contemporary investigation was conducted with aimed to investigate the relationship of proactive personality and careerism. The said relationship was not tested in isolation rather it has been tested with the inclusion of career self-efficacy as a mediator and two moderators (openness to experience, extroversion). It was basically an attempt to build/ analyze the relationship of proactive personality with careerism which was not fully captured in the previous literature. In addition, the current study conducted a comparative analysis for male and female to identify the proactive behaviors in handling their careers. The population for the current was study selected from different private FMCG related firms. The analysis revealed that proactive personality has a significant relationship with careerism. Female respondents report lower proactive behavior than male. Overall the results supported three hypotheses and the one related to moderation was rejected. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, SZABIST, Islamabad, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Management Sciences,SZABIST, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Antecedents-of-Careerism:-A-Mediated-Moderated-Model https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Direction Metaphors in Political Discourse: Imran Khan and the Rhetoric of Change Lubna Umar Umaima Kamran Zubair Khan Direction Metaphors Journey Metaphors Conceptual Metaphors Political Discourse. Journey Metaphors are among the most pervasive source domains used both in daily life and in political discourse as they follow a clearcut source-path-goal schema where the direction is a fundamental element. The crossdomain mapping between source and target domains is a means of gaining insight into the cognitive activity of the speaker. Metaphors of the journey are widely used in the political discourse generated by Imran Khan with special emphasis upon direction. Metaphorical expressions identified from speeches of Imran in both English and Urdu language have been analyzed using the Critical Metaphor Analysis approach given by Charteris-Black (2005) where linguistic metaphors have been interpreted semantically, pragmatically and in cognition to generate conceptual metaphors. Khan’s obsession with direction activates the PAKISTAN IS OFF TRACK conceptual metaphor necessitating a journey of change under his leadership. He highlights the failures of others to evoke images of a destructive past from which freedom becomes essential. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Direction-Metaphors-in-Political-Discourse-Imran-Khan-and-the-Rhetoric-of-Change https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Development and Validation of Indigenous Deliberate SelfHarm Scale Afifa Gull Najma Najam DSH Para Suicide Pakistan Indigenous Scale of Self-Harm Principal Component Analysis RASCH analysis Parallel Analysis Deliberate Self Harm (DSH) is a pervasive issue in Pakistan. The limited research on this phenomenon conducted in Pakistan is restricted by the non-availability of an empirical assessment measure of self-harm in the Urdu language, hence relies mostly on the interviews of cases reported to the emergency departments and those translated does not necessarily carry the same connotation. An indigenous deliberate self-harm scale was developed to cater to this issue. Factors of DSH were identified using Nock’s integrated theoretical model and literature review. Sixty-five items were generated. Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. The scale was administered on a sample of 200 self-harm cases.EFA revealed a three-factor structure (i.e intrapersonal, interpersonal and situational) supported by Parallel Analysis. RASCH analysis supported the item fit. This scale can be a helpful tool for the researchers and clinicians to explore DSH in the native population. Humanity Publications PhD. ScholarInstitute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.. Professor Emeritus,Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Development-and-Validation-of-Indigenous-Deliberate-SelfHarm-Scale https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Growth and Productivity Analysis of Micro Finance Sector: A Case Study of Pakistan Adnan Ahmad Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad Nisar Khan Micro Finance Growth Strategies efficiency sixdimension model. This study reviews the growth strategies and their effect on the efficiency and productivity of the microfinance sector of Pakistan. The sector needs to have adopted intensive growth strategy instead of extensive strategies of wide expansion in term of physical infrastructure and human resources, which had increased the financial sustainability risks for the credit constrain institutions. The sixdimension model of outreach used in this study also shows that the sector does not achieve the targets set forth for these micro finance institutes with respect to its active borrowers’ outreach. The sector has mainly focused the big cities and urban areas whereas the poverty levels are higher in rural areas. The government has also shown its interest by launching two different types of loan schemes. Among the three different types of institution, the microfinance banks dominate the sector. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer Department of Management Studies, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Growth-and-Productivity-Analysis-of-Micro-Finance-Sector-A-Case-Study-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Are NGOs Bridging the Gaps? Analyzing Opportunities for Gender and Political Empowerment in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Dur E Shawar Bahadar Nawab Khattak Abda Khalid Gender Khyber Pakhtunkhwa NGO Approaches Opportunities Peshawar Political Empowerment. Gender and development approach gained attention during the 1990s, since then government and nongovernmental organizations adopted these approaches for gender and political empowerment in Pakistan. This paper analyzes the contribution of NGO towards gender and political empowerment in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study explored how NGOs interventions created opportunities for gender and political empowerment. This study presents an analysis of NGO policies and practices for gender and political empowerment in the research area. Qualitative research methods including semi-structured interviews and participant observations were used to conduct this study. The study revealed that NGOs created spaces for political awareness and participation of men and women community members, councilors and policymakers. This study argues that NGOs interventions can create opportunities and effectively contribute to gender and political empowerment goals if contextually planned and implemented in the research area. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Development Studies, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Development Studies,COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Are-NGOs-Bridging-the-Gaps-Analyzing-Opportunities-for-Gender-and-Political-Empowerment-in-Peshawar-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Feedback Effect on Secondary School Students Achievement in Mathematics Tahira Batool Mumtaz Akhter Formal and Informal Feedback Verbal and Written Questioning Dialogue Achievement This study provides the empirical support that how feedback support students to improve their achievement in mathematics. The sample of the study was 87 students of Mathematics in grades IX. There were 43 students in the control group and 44 students in the experiment group. Groups were matched on students’ results in Mathematics in grade 8 to ensure the equivalence of both groups. Furthermore, a pretest was also conducted to confirm equivalence. The researcher employed different techniques and strategies of feedback while teaching mathematics to the experiment group. At the end of the intervention, the participants of this study were posttested. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 15 version. A comparison of pretest and posttest scores of control and experiment group has shown a significant effect of feedback on students’ achievement in mathematics. The average and the low ability learners of the experiment group outperformed the learners of the respective abilities in the control group. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Research and Evaluation,Lahore College For Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Feedback-Effect-on-Secondary-School-Students-Achievement-in-Mathematics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Economic Value Added Dynamics on Stock Prices Fact or Fallacy: New Evidence from Nested Panel Analysis Malik Adil Pasha Muhammad Ramzan Muhammad Asif EVA Financial Leverage Firm Size Liquidity. Traditional Accounting Measures Stock Returns. Present scholarship targets to examine the robustness of EVA in Pakistan and information content while controlling prior research ignored firm-specific factors towards excess stock returns. The design of this research used panel data analysis whereby relevant, incremental information content and event analysis of EVA and conventional accounting performance measure via share prices is done by employing nested panel data analysis for 70 non-financial PSX listed companies from 13 industries for a study period of 2006-2015. Against prior research, EVA doesn’t add to the incremental information content of the model. Moreover asymmetric results were revealed using nested and separate regression analysis. This study is aimed to benefit stakeholders in the context of prudent investment choice. This study identifies ROA as the most important financial performance metric for local investor’s decision making. However firm-specific characteristics like financial leverage, liquidity, and firm size also play a pivotal role. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar Department of Management Sciences, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty,Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Economic-Value-Added-Dynamics-on-Stock-Prices-Fact-or-Fallacy-New-Evidence-from-Nested-Panel-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Financial Literacy as a Life-Saver: Moderating the Contribution of Behavioral Biases towards Investment Decisions Faisal Mehmood Taqadus Bashir Altamash Khan Financial Decisions Financial Literacy Anchoring Bias SelfControl Availability Bias The assumption of investor rationality had been central to developing an understanding of financial markets and decision outcomes. But the formation and consequent burst of tech-stock bubble changed the paradigm and shifted towards the behavioral interruption aspect of investor psychology. The study aimed to investigate the relationship of two heuristics and one emotional bias with financial decisions and the moderating effect of financial literacy on the said relationship. Primary data is gathered through questionnaire from 208 clients of national savings. Moderation analysis was done and the effect of biases on the financial decisions was found significant enough. Furthermore, financial literacy moderates this relationship positively only for heuristics but no moderation found for selfcontrol. The policymakers can design their financial instruments and strategies by keeping in view the implication of biases on investor’s decision. Moreover, periodic financial literacy sessions can be arranged to create awareness among investors and advisors. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Management Sciences,Bahria University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Business Studies,Bahria University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Lecturer,Lahore Business School, University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Financial-Literacy-as-a-Life-Saver:-Moderating-the-Contribution-of-Behavioral-Biases-towards-Investment-Decisions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Psychological Capital of Employees' Engagement: Moderating Impact of Conflict Management in the Financial Sector of Pakistan Muhammad Asif Muhammad Azizullah Khan, Malik Adil Pasha Conflict Management Employees’ Engagement Financial Sector Psychological Capital. Human capital is the backbone of any business and its behavior reflects how the company would achieve its goals and objectives in its business. This study examines the relationship between psychological capital (PC) and employees’ engagement (EE) with the moderating role of conflict management (CM) in the financial sector of Pakistan. A questionnaire composed of established scales were administered to 278 employees in the financial sector, including various banks, investment companies, real estate companies, insurance companies, and brokerage firms at Islamabad. After determining the reliability, the model was analyzed with the help of correlation and regression. Research indicates that PC positively influences EE. This relationship improves further positively when conflicts are handled effectively. Overall, this effort contributes to the existing literature on the history of worker’s involvement by examining the direct impact of PC and CM on EE and moderation of CM. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Preston University, Islamabad Campus, Kohat KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Commerce,Federal Urdu University Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Psychological-Capital-of-Employees-Engagement-Moderating-Impact-of-Conflict-Management-in-the-Financial-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effects of Demographic Attributes on Perceptions of the University Administrators about the Implementation of e-Learning Management and Delivery Practices in Pakistan Imtiaz Hussain Iftikhar Ahmad Baig Iftikhar Haider Malik E-learning Elearning Management and Delivery Practices Universities Public and Private Sector Demographic Variables This study is intended to find out the effects of demographic variables on the perceptions of university administrators about the implementation of e-learning management and delivery practices. Simple Random Sampling technique was exercised to choose public and private sector universities which were functioning in Lahore and Gujranwala division, recognized by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. The data was collected from university academic administrators. A pilot study was conducted to develop a questionnaire for administrators. Data were analyzed through SPSS-21. Findings were confirmed that the four demographic variables have a significant effect on the perceptions of university administrators about elearning management practices and delivery practices. Therefore, it is recommended that universities should focus on demographic variables on changing the perception of the administrators during implementing the e-learning infrastructure. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The University of Sargodha, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Demographic-Attributes-on-Perceptions-of-the-University-Administrators-about-the-Implementation-of-e-Learning-Management-and-Delivery-Practices-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Foreign Remittances on Quality of Life: A Case Study of District Lower Dir, Pakistan Haidar Farooq Sabahat Subhan Yasir Riaz Remittances Education and Health OLS Logit and Probit Dir Pakistan This research study examines the impact of remittances on quality of life. In order to accomplish the objectives, the study uses primary data which are collected from 403 households of District Dir Lower, Pakistan. Results summarized that incoming foreign remittances have a positive effect on education. Foreign remittances improve the household income level, this income is further utilized for different educational expenses. Therefore, remittance recipient families spend more than that of non-receiving families on education. In addition, remittances also increase the probability of children’s enrollment in schools. On the other hand, remittances are positively associated with family health status. The results revealed that 83% of the remittance recipient families have the ability to access basic healthcare needs, whereas 64% of non-receiving households have no access to basic health facilities. Additionally, remittances receiving families mostly prefer a private doctor and private hospitals, whereas non-receiving household usually uses government hospital facilities. Humanity Publications Student, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Student,International Institutes of Islamic Economics (IIIE),International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Foreign-Remittances-on-Quality-of-Life-A-Case-Study-of-District-Lower-Dir-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Correlation of Students' Self-efficacy, Adaptability and Entrepreneurial Intention Naeem Ullah Muhammad Shakir Jam Muhammad Zafar Students Selfefficacy Adaptability Entrepreneurial Intention The current study is an investigation of the correlation between students’ Self-efficacy, adaptability and Entrepreneurial Intention. For appropriate results and understand the phenomena; a descriptive research method was used. Previous entrepreneurial aptitude scale of the author was used for data collection from seven universities of Punjab and Islamabad territory of Pakistan. 3rd and 4th semesters’ students (MBA and M.Sc Economics) and 7th and 8th semesters’ students (BBA honor and BS Economics) of management science and economics departments were selected. Total 560 questionnaires were randomly distributed in respondents out of which 493 were returned with in scheduled period. Data examined by the Factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA, correlation tests in SPSS-20. Results revealed that students’ SE, adaptability and EI are highly correlated with each- others. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Educational Training,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teachers Education, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Correlation-of-Students-Self-efficacy-Adaptability-and-Entrepreneurial-Intention https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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An Exploration of Public Engagement in Public Board Meetings Humera Manzoor Muhammad Khushnood Rao Aamir Khan Board Meetings Public Sector Ethnography British NHS This study explores the purpose and role of public board meetings in the British National Health Service as an aftermath of public sector reforms. It deviates from the mainstream methodologies to study boards in action as it employs an ethnographic approach. Data has been collected through participant observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews from eighteen board members and members of the public, and documents in the form of board agenda and meeting minutes. Findings reveal that the purpose of the public board meetings is to manage their public image and to protect their reputation as rational actors and serve as a reporting function that excludes the public from active participation. Hence, this study asserts that public board meetings serve as a formal ritualized practice that performs board meetings. This study has practical implications as similar reforms have been introduced in other public organizations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Exploration-of-Public-Engagement-in-Public-Board-Meetings https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Linking Strategic Orientations, Dynamic Capabilities, and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Pakistani Pharmaceutical Industry Shehla Zaman Aneel Salman Omer Farooq Malik Strategic Orientations Dynamic Capabilities Firm Performance Pharmaceutical Industry Pakistan. The paper aims to extend the resource-based view to dynamic capability view under dynamic environment, by investigating the effects of three strategic orientations (i.e., customer, competitor, and technology) on firm performance mediated through dynamic capabilities. A sample of 180 pharmaceutical firms of Pakistan was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was collected through a self-administrated questionnaire and analyzed using the variance-based structural equation modeling. The findings demonstrated that customer, competitor, and technology orientations have both a direct and indirect relationship with firm performance. The study offers Pakistani pharmaceutical firms a better comprehension of their strategic orientations and demonstrates how the alignment of strategic orientations with dynamic capabilities may result in better firm performance. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Linking-Strategic-Orientations-Dynamic-Capabilities-and-Firm-Performance-Evidence-from-the-Pakistani-Pharmaceutical-Industry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Trust, Rewards and Training Impact on Employee's Work Engagement: An Evidence from Banking Sector Hazrat Bilal Naveed Farooq Lala Rukh Trust Rewards Training Work Engagement Banking Sector Pakistans banking sector shows a key role in its economic growth. Employee behavior in this sector is greatly affected by job-related factors. The drive of the study was to assess the impact of trust, rewards, and training on WE in the banking sector. Data were collected from a random sample of 150 correspondences through the survey questionnaire. The model of correlation and regression was used to scan the connection between the variables. Results based on the model of correlation and statistical regression revealed that all three factors, including trust, reward, and training, have a positive influence on the WE of the employees. This research is a distinct study of trust, rewards and training consequences on the employees WE from a banking perspective. The outcomes of the study, therefore, have a number of suggestions in the field of human resource for researchers and practitioners. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Center for Management and Commerce, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies & Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Center for Management and Commerce,University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Trust-Rewards-and-Training-Impact-on-Employees-Work-Engagement-An-Evidence-from-Banking-Sector https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Investigating the Relationship between Identity-Based Leadership and Employee Engagement with Employee Core Self-Evaluation Tahreem Baloch Muhammadi Sabra Muhammad Zia-ur- Rehman Social Identity Approach Identity Leadership Core Self-Evaluations Employee Engagement. Based on social identity approach, present research intends to investigate the impact of identity-based leadership on employee engagement, through the mediating role of employee core-self evaluations. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the measurement model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized model. The proposed model was supported empirically by data collected from 327 employees who work in the telecom sector of Pakistan. The result indicated that employees Core selfevaluations act as a mediator between four dimensions of identity leadership and employee engagement. Identity-based leadership also showed a direct positive relationship with employee engagement. Humanity Publications Ph.D. scholar, Department of Leadership & Management Studies,National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS,Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Leadership and Management StudiesNational Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Investigating-the-Relationship-between-Identity-Based-Leadership-and-Employee-Engagement-with-Employee-Core-Self-Evaluation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Method for Teaching Mathematics at the Secondary Level Khalid Mehmood Qaisra Parveen Muhammad Arshad Dahar Effectiveness Inquiry Based Method Instruction Traditional Method Mathematics is considered as an important subject which is taught up to the secondary level as a compulsory subject. Students’ achievements are influenced by the attitude they have for Mathematics subject and the attitude towards Mathematics is affected by teachers and the teaching methods adopted by the teachers. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of the inquiry-based method for Mathematics instruction at the secondary level. The research sample was 30 students studying at secondary level in district Attock. Pretest posttest control group design was used for this research study. Experimental and control group were formed equally on the basis of pretest achievements. Both groups were taught for two weeks. The experimental group was treated with an inquiry-based method using the 5-E model while the control group was treated by the traditional method. After treatment posttest was held and results were compared. Results revealed that the inquiry-based method was better than the traditional method. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effectiveness-of-Inquiry-Based-Method-for-Teaching-Mathematics-at-the-Secondary-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Assessing the Impact of Corporate Governance on Non-Performing Loans: Empirical Analysis of the Listed Commercial Banks of Pakistan Ihtesham Khan Muhammad Ilyas Shehzad Khan Business Collapses Corporate Governance NonPerforming Loans. Financial crisis shows the ambiguous role of the corporate governance system. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of corporate governance on Non-performing loans of the banking industry of Pakistan. The time period selected from 2006 to 2016 and source of data is annual reports of respective banks and the World Bank. In order to explain the relationship between the governance system and non-performing loans used descriptive, correlational and panel data analyses. The results revealed a negative and significant effect of corporate governance on nonperforming loans of sample firms of the study. Therefore, suggested for the banking industry of Pakistan to implement and make sure their reports according to corporate governance code compliance to control non-performing loans. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Assessing-the-Impact-of-Corporate-Governance-on-Non-Performing-Loans-Empirical-Analysis-of-the-Listed-Commercial-Banks-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effects of Corporate Governance on Capital Structure and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Listed Cement Corporations in Pakistan Mahboob Ullah Nouman Afgan Sajjad Ahmad Afridi Corporate Governance Capital Structure Financial Performance Pakistan Stock Exchange The key aim of current research is to investigate the influence of CG on financial performance (FP) and capital structure (CS) of cement companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). To accomplish this purpose, twenty cement firms listed on the PSX was deployed from 2005 to 2014. Auto-correlation and heteroscedasticity were tested and Regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. SPSS 21 is conducted to perform the analyses.CG is analyzed via board size, board independence, and institutional ownership while, return on assets and return on equity are employed to analyze FP, whereas CS is calculated via debt to equity. The outcomes document that CG positively affects FP, however, negatively impact CS. This research not only contributes to examining the impact and association between CG, FP, and CS but also prove the outcomes of previous studies that have presented a significant influence and association between CG, FP, and CS. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Preston University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Corporate-Governance-on-Capital-Structure-and-Financial-Performance-Empirical-Evidence-from-Listed-Cement-Corporations-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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International Financial Reporting Standards, Accounting Conservatism, and Firm Performance: Evidence from UAE Maqsood Haider Muhammad Aamir Muhammad Tahir Khan IFRS Accounting Conservatism Firm Performance IASB UAE European Union passed a resolution in 2002, which bound all the listed companies and firms and required the consolidated and simple accounts to use Financial Reporting Standards starting from January 2005. It will improve firm performance and will have an influence on the information environment for the listed firms. This study provides empirical and theoretical literature regarding the adoption of IFRS, accounting Conservatism and firm performance. This paper provides different theories that discuss the impact of IFRS and accounting conservatism on a firm performance that includes positive accounting theory, modernization theory, contingency theory, and world system theory. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,FATA University, F.R. Kohat, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Faculty of Economics and Business, University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/International-Financial-Reporting-Standards-Accounting-Conservatism,-and-Firm-Performance-Evidence-from-UAE https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Aspect[s] of the Corporate Governance that Matter in a Firm's Value: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms in Pakistan Sammar Abbas Zeeshan Zaib Khattak Hafeez Ullah Corporate Governance Firm’s Value Size of Firm Age of Firms Capital Structure Non-Financial Firms. Corporate governance (CG) is key to enhance firm’s value. The purpose of this research is to examine effects of various aspects of corporate governance on firm’s value. We used secondary penal data of 100 companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period: 2010 – 2016. Findings revealed that among other aspects of CG, managerial ownership and board size have significant influence on the value of a firm. Among controlled variables, firm size and firm ages were also found significant in firm’s value. We are convinced that findings of this study would help addressing agency issues through effective corporate governance measures. This study has come up with some practical implications as well. It is suggested that for better firm performance and increasing efficiency the board size may be kept at minimum. Humanity Publications Assistant professor,Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KP, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Aspect-of-the-Corporate-Governance-that-Matter-in-a-Firms-Value-Evidence-from-Non-Financial-Firms-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Teachers' Misconceptions in Science: Implications for Developing a Remedial Teacher Training Program Saria Rasul Abid Shahzad Zafar Iqbal Science Education Prospective Science Teacher Misconceptions Constructivism Conceptual Change Heat and Temperature Concepts This study is designed to investigate future teachers’ misconceptions in heat and temperature concepts. The objectives of the study were to find out (i) misconceptions of future teachers in concepts of heat and temperature, (ii) to develop a counteractive teacher-training program for certain misconceptions and (iii) to establish the efficiency of treatment. The study sample was 96 prospective science teachers. Convenient sampling method was used in the study. Data from 96 respondents were collected in phase one of the study. Experimental treatment (lesson) based on the 5Es learning model was prepared in the second phase of the study and implemented in the third phase of research. A two tiers test, consisting of 12 items was used to collect data. Each tier was based on choices. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. The study explored the misconceptions of prospective teachers’ about heat and temperature concepts and established the importance of experimental treatment. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Adjunct Professor, Director Graduate Studies UMT Lahore,Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Teachers-Misconceptions-in-Science:-Implications-for-Developing-a-Remedial-Teacher-Training-Program https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Tobacco Farming and Its Social Impacts on Farmers in the Rural Mardan, Pakistan Khalil ur Rahman Syed Imran Haider Abid Ali Community Farmers Impact Social Tobacco Despite the growing concern regarding the hazardous effects of tobacco by the international community, tobacco farming still prevails worldwide. This study was planned to explore how the rural farmers perceive the significance of tobacco farming in term of its social impacts on the farming community in district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Tobacco farming was taken as independent variables and its social impacts on the farmers were selected as the outcome variable. The social impact variable was operationalized with sub-variables as income, social status, expanding kin relationships, labor opportunity, and linkages with people of different social background. Data were collected from 144 tobacco growers through structured questionnaire and analyzed through correlation and regression models. The study concluded that tobacco farming brings about positive impacts on the social status of the farming community by increasing their income, elevates their social status, expands kin relationships, and provides labor opportunity to the farmers. Humanity Publications Assistant professor,Department of Sociology,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Allama IqbalOpen University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Tobacco-Farming-and-Its-Social-Impacts-on-Farmers-in-the-Rural-Mardan-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Interplay of Nationalism and Religion in Pashtun Society: An Analysis Surat Khan Nationalism Extremism Radicalization Modernism Primordialism Pashtunwali This paper discusses the role and interplay of nationalism and religion in the context of Pashtun society. Both nationalism and religion have been pivotal in shaping the international system and in guiding the mutual interactions of human beings and social groups. For the Pashtun society, both religion and nationalism simultaneously exist . Historically, the role and impact of both phenomena have been varied. However, as a result of Pakistans policy of strategic depth and the resultant Afghan Jihad in Afghanistan vis-à-vis the USSR, religious extremism and radicalization have increased specifically in the Pashtun areas of Pakistan and this rise has conversely impacted the nationalist fervor of the Pashtuns resulting in the decline of the Pashtun nationalism. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Kp, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Interplay-of-Nationalism-and-Religion-in-Pashtun-Society-An-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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An In-depth Analysis of Peers and Mentors' Feedback during Teaching Practicum Tahira Kalsoom Fakhra Aziz Sadaf Jabeen Teaching Practicum Mentors Peers Analysis It is very essential to provide quality and effective feedback to the prospective teachers during practicum to provide information about their teaching strengths and weaknesses. Provision of feedback helps them to remove their mistakes and improve their teaching practice. The aim of this study was to examine the role of peer’s and mentor’s feedback on the performance of prospective teachers during practicum. 6 prospective teachers and 3 mentors were interviewed by the researcher. The whole data was collected from 3 public universities of Lahore city. Findings of this study revealed that peer’s and mentor’s feedback plays an important role in their learning and professional development during practicum. This study suggests that universities should conduct some training programs, seminar and workshops for prospective teachers and their mentors to provide awareness about the role of peer’s and mentor’s. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Education Department, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-In-depth-Analysis-of-Peers-and-Mentors-Feedback-during-Teaching-Practicum https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Meta-Analysis Approach towards Importance of In-Service Training in Teacher's Professional and Social Development Zafar Saleem Mohummad Ishaq Ziarab Mahmood In-service Training Professional Development Teacher's Improvement The paper highlights the significance of in-service training and establishes that its role cannot be denied in a teacher’s professional and social development. It plays significant role in enhancing teacher’s competencies and improves teacher’s teaching skills. Its role is of vital importance in achieving teaching and learning outcomes. In-service teacher training enables teacher to have awareness about the advanced instructional technologies used in the teaching-learning process. This equips teacher with modern teaching tools, enhancing a teacher’s efficiency and effectiveness. The in-service teacher training program is a systematic attempt to change teacher’s attitudes and beliefs and also bring changes in classroom practices. A teacher undergoes different experiences and practices after joining teaching profession. In-service teacher training improves these experiences and practices. Its role is also of vital importance in developing quality education. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor , Department of Education ,Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan . Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Meta-Analysis-Approach-towards-Importance-of-In-Service-Training-in-Teachers-Professional-and-Social-Development https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with the Academic Achievement of Students Iram Afridi Arshad Ali Emotional Intelligence Emotional Quotient Academic Achievement. Adolescents Emotional Quotient Inventory Emotional Management The objective of this study was finding the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement. 384 students from secondary and high secondary school participated in this study. A significant relationship was found between academic achievement and Emotional Intelligence with the p-value = 0.01. The mean difference in emotional intelligence score of the students who secured high academic scores were found high. i.e. 58.57 as compared to the mean of emotional intelligence score of the students who secured low academic scores i.e. 56.93. A significant correlation was also found between Emotional Intelligence and academic scores(r=0.130). The results of the study suggest that higher emotional intelligence leads to better educational outcomes. An individual with a high level of Emotional Intelligence could have a strong, stable, and positive state of emotional well-being. Students who have a positive state of emotional wellbeing are more open to new experiences, which research has shown to lead to more learning. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Emotional-Intelligence-with-the-Academic-Achievement-of-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Multiple Mediation Analysis of the Growth in New Ventures Sajid Rahman Imran Saeed Fahad Afridi Entrepreneurial Business Ties Resource Bundling Resource Acquiring Resource Leveraging New Venture Growth The current research investigates the mechanism that how new ventures growth is affected through entrepreneurial business ties. The study introduces multiple mediators to the model to clearly establish the link between business ties and new ventures growth. To test the hypotheses, data were collected from 325 new ventures operating in Pakistan from 2015 to 2017. We found a positive and significant relationship between business ties and new ventures growth. We also found that resource leveraging, resource bundling and resource acquisition fully mediates the stated relationship. Based on our findings we concluded that new ventures give more attention to resource leveraging and resources bundling as well in order to perform well. Managerial and theoretical implications are also discussed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management Sciences (IBMS), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management Sciences (IBMS), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science,CECOS University of Science & Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Multiple-Mediation-Analysis-of-the-Growth-in-New-Ventures https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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African and Chinese Counter-Colonial Fictional Narratives: A Comparative Study of the Retrieval of Indigenous Cultural Identities Pinkish Zahra Sabir Hussain Ghulam Murtaza Colonialism Intertextuality filiative affiliative liminal intellectuals countercolonialism The oppressive British and chauvinistic Japanese colonialism imposed a hegemonic culture in Africa and China. Things Fall Apart by Achebe and Red Sorghum by Mo Yan demonstrate British and Japanese colonial misshaping of African and Chinese cultures respectively. In response, the indigenous writers sustain their identity and culture crumbling under colonial corrosion. Things Fall Apart deals with the bitterness of colonialism in Africa, while Red Sorghum deals with Chinese colonial experiences. This article addresses the question how these authors, despite their different spatial and temporal contexts, encounter the hegemonic administrative structures and discourse. The principles of intertextuality are exploited to unveil the colonial governance structure and the literary reassertion of the colonized. Postcolonial theory helps unearth the colonial strategies and retrieval of the colonized identity. Said’s ‘filiative’ and ‘affiliative’ principles help evaluate how these ‘liminal intellectual(s)’ encounter the oppressive ideology Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer,Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer,English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English Literature,Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/African-and-Chinese-Counter-Colonial-Fictional-Narratives-A-Comparative-Study-of-the-Retrieval-of-Indigenous-Cultural-Identities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Linguistic Identity Construction of Shina Speakers: An Ethnographic Study Shamim Ara Shams Zia Ul Haq Anwar Identity construction language multilingualism The present research intends to investigate the linguistic identity construction of Shina speakers in different contexts. The objective of the study is to study the pure Shina identity and to see how language use varies according to context. An ethnographic study was conducted to find out how Shina speakers construct their linguistic identities in different contexts. The sample for this research was purposive which included multilingual Shina speakers and the data was collected through interviews. The data was analyzed using Markedness Model by Myers- Scotton (1993). The findings of the study revealed that multilingual Shina speakers construct their linguistic identity in their interaction through code- switching and code mixing. It was found that a pure Shina identity is constructed at home and in close circles whereas a hybrid identity is constructed at the work place and formal context. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, English, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Linguistics & Literature,Karakoram International University Gilgit, Gilgit, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Linguistic-Identity-Construction-of-Shina-Speakers-An-Ethnographic-Study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Problems Caused by Tourism in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan: A Study Based on Local Community Perception Anas Mahmud Arif Shakir Ullah Abdul Samad Tourism Kaghan Valley Problems Tourists Local Community Tourism Resources Socio Cultural Environments Tourism being one of the greatest and fastest growing industries of the world is contributing significantly to the development of countries and the host communities. But this industry is facing many problems in most of the developing countries including Pakistan. Most of the issues are raised due to lack of planning which not only dissatisfies the tourists but also has negative impacts on the local communities. Unplanned tourism not only affects the host guest relationship but also the tourism resources of an area. The study in hand is author’s part of PhD research and highlights the problems of host regions caused by tourism in Pakistan, taking Kaghan valley as case study. The results of the study show that if proper measures are not taken well in time, the unplanned tourism will destroy the natural and socio-cultural environment of the valley very soon. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Archaeology,Hazara University Mansehra, Kp, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Archaeology,Hazara University Mansehra, Kp, Pakistan. Director,Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Problems-Caused-by-Tourism-in-Kaghan-Valley-Pakistan-A-Study-Based-on-Local-Community-Perception https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effects of Media Exposure on the Political Polarization Patterns of Students in Pakistan Muhammad Zahid Bilal Arshad Ali Sami Ullah Selective exposure diverse exposure political polarization Pakistan elections-2013 Political polarization remains central to the political behavior scholarship. In this study, political polarization patterns among the youth of Pakistan with reference to selective exposure approaches of media were examined. Survey from 420 students of Pakistan public sector universities was conducted. It was found that selective exposure to media is still strong in Pakistan, however diverse exposure is also being witnessed in Pakistan. Now the people are also diverting towards diverse exposure. Consequently, political polarization among the university students of Pakistan is still strong. Findings imply that media in Pakistan is playing an important role in strengthening the democracy in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is also concluded that media played a key role to determine voters’ choice during Elections-2013 in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Studies,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Media-Exposure-on-the-Political-Polarization-Patterns-of-Students-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Peer Tutoring: An Effective Technique To Enhance Students English Writing Skills Humair Akhtar Muhammad Saeed Khan Saddaf Ayub Peer Feedback writing skills English language cooperative teaching. This study aimed to determine the effect of peer tutoring (PT) in enhancing students’ writing skills during English textbook taught to the students of Grade XI. The true experimental research pre/post-test design was used. The sample of the study comprised of 70 male and 58 female students containing each 35 male peer tutoring group (PTG) and non-peer tutoring group NPTG as well as each 29 female PTG and NPTG after matched before intervention. MCQs related to writing skills developed as a tool for data collection process. The tool is used in both pre and post-test for PTG and NPTG. The difference in both groups was calculated using statistical analysis. Linear regression predicted the effect size of male PTG 16.376 points higher (r = 0.860) than NPTG as well as female PTG 12.183 points higher (r = 0.813) than NPTG. These results indicated that PT technique enhanced students’ academic achievement. Humanity Publications Teacher,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, Haripur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The University of Haripur, Haripur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,The University of Haripur, Haripur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Peer-Tutoring-An-Effective-Technique-To-Enhance-Students-English-Writing-Skills https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Usage Patterns of Western Televised Contents in Pakistan: A Use and Gratification Approach Farrukh Nazir Arshad Ali Muhammad Farooq dissatisfaction exposure educational entertainment political usage. The main objective of the research was to find out the preference wise list of western televised programming among the viewers in Islamabad. By applying the stratified sampling technique, 292 respondents were finalized for analysis. It was found that entertainment programming was mostly consumed western televised contents and then, educational and political. The usage of western televised contents was assessed due to dissatisfaction about their own programming, educational and political systems. They preferred the western programming and systems comparatively a better choice. Humanity Publications Student,Center for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Student,Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Usage-Patterns-of-Western-Televised-Contents-in-Pakistan-A-Use-and-Gratification-Approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Fresh Perspective on Female Entrepreneurship: An Insight from Pakistan Shahwali Khan Mohammad Sohail Yunis Fahad Abdullah Entrepreneurship Women Entrepreneurship Developing countries Pakistan his research explores the dynamics of women entrepreneurs in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Underpinning on contemporary literature on drivers and barriers of women entrepreneurs, this research argues that literature and empirical evidences on negotiations is scarce and underdeveloped. Therefore, capitalizing on an interpretive qualitative assumption, this research collected date through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. Conceptually, this research provides a fresh and novel perspective by providing interesting inside from empirical evidences. This research concludes that women entrepreneurs in Peshawar, Pakistan cultural and social constraints. However, personal motivation and family support helped them to negotiate with these constraints. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Management Sciences,Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Management Sciences, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Associate Professor,Management Sciences, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Fresh-Perspective-on-Female-Entrepreneurship-An-Insight-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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White Womans Burden: A Critique of White Womens Portrayal in Selected Postcolonial Fiction Zia Ahmed Dogar Akbar Sajid Muhammad Riaz Khan White Women Postcolonial fiction Indigenous writers Civilizing mission portrayals of white women. Image of white women occur frequently in postcolonial writings. This paper attempts to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the white womens portrayals in the selected Pakistani postcolonial fiction to determine the comparative discrepancy between the assumptions and reality about the role of white women in the colonies. The white women being the part of civilizing mission of the white man, are seen with a particular light by the indigenous people because in comparison to the white man, white womes role has been that of a benevolent mother. This problematizes the situation and hence calls for the investigation into the portrayals and the roles of the white women as projected by the indigenous writers. The study delimits to Forster, Sidhwa, and Hamid and analyses the selected chunks of the text under the lens of theoretical frame work proposed by Jayawardena within the postcolonial context. Humanity Publications Professor,Department of English,Government Emerson College Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Language Instructor,Department of English, Jazan University, SaudiArabia. Language Instructor, Department of English, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/White-Womans-Burden-A-Critique-of-White-Womens-Portrayal-in-Selected-Postcolonial-Fiction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Financial Performance of Bidding Banks in Pakistan Muhammad Faizan Malik Ihtisham Khan Muhammad Ilyas Merger and Acquisition Bidder Banks Firm Performance Merger and acquisition (M&A) is a growth policy for business to achieve desire objectives. Its importance is showed by the number of transaction in the previous year. Thus, this study is conducted to know about the influence of M&A on firm performance. The current study is to identify the influence of M&A (pre and post) on bidding banks in Pakistan. And then to analyze factors of firm, industry and countrylevel effect the financial performance of M&A firms. For this purpose, selected 51 listed bidder banks during 2002-2013 and used descriptive statistics, Z test, and regression models for analysis. Results show that M&A is failed to produce a fruitful result for bidding banks in Pakistan. Hence, recommended that direction and practical implication are provided to banks, investors, and policymakers to get knowledge about M&A to secure their investment from financial losses. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan Lecturer, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Kp, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Mergers-and-Acquisitions-on-the-Financial-Performance-of-Bidding-Banks-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Mediational Role of Job Satisfaction between Servant Leadership and Employees Commitment: Empirical Evidence from Private Universities Muhammad Azizullah Khan Abid Usman Muhammad Hashim job satisfaction servant leader universities faculty and private. This study was taken to explain the role of job satisfaction as a mediator between servant leader behavior and employees commitment. Altruistic calling, persuasive mapping and organizational stewardship were the strong predictors of employees commitment. A structured questionnaire was used to get responses from 136 faculty members of different private universities. The findings of this work showed that faculty members from private universities not only affirm their behavioral importance while making policies and rules for the reward system (Job satisfaction) but showed their concerns to develop and adopt its behaviors as well. The contribution of this present study is not only to add to the novelty of literature in the field of servant leadership model approach, but it also contributes towards the employees commitment and job satisfaction in private universities. Theoretical, as well as practical suggestions, are provided at the end of the paper. Humanity Publications Associate Professor,Management Sciences,Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Business Administration, Iqra National University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Lecturer,Higher Education,GCMS, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Mediational-Role-of-Job-Satisfaction-between-Servant-Leadership-and-Employees-Commitment-Empirical-Evidence-from-Private-Universities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Estimating Convergence (and Divergence) among Developing, Emerging and Developed Economies Babar Hussain Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen Sofia Anwar Convergence; Divergence; Economic Growth; Information Technology Spillover; Developed; Developing Economies. Economic growth process is explained by many scientists in order to materialize a cherished objective of economic growth across the globe. In the current study, convergence among developed, developing and emerging countries has been estimated. Convergence process was estimated by employing sigma, beta and omega techniques. Analysis was done for three time periods i.e. from 1980 to 2018, from 1980 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2018. Sigma and beta analysis for the period from 1980 to 2000 showed divergence among countries however there are difference among developed, developing and economies Omega analysis showed divergence of developed countries and convergence among developing and emerging countries. Last analysis from 2001 to 2018 showed convergence among countries. The results are consistent with the adoption of information technology. Therefore, fast spillover effects of information technology help the countries in convergence process and make this world a global village. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics,Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Estimating-Convergence-and-Divergence-among-Developing-Emerging-and-Developed-Economies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Study to Adopt the Primary School Children on Number Conservation Ability through Piaget Cognitive Theory Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Mumtaz Gul Khan Key Words: Conservation Ability Piaget Cognitive Development Conservative ability Task The main objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the accomplishment of conservation ability among the primary school children (2) To compete for the conservation ability of the rural and urban school children and male and female school children. The population was all the primary schools in Kohat District. Four urban as well as two rural schools were taken as a sample of the study. In the abovementioned sample, 160 students were randomly selected 80 from rural and 80 from urban. And from rural 40 male and 40 females as well as from urban 40 male and 40 females were selected for the study. Researchers have personally visited and administered the conservative capacity (CAT) tasks of students. For data analysis percentage was used. The children of rural school perform better than urban school students because late school enrolment and the performance of females are slightly better than that of male school children. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, AIOU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Chilas Campus, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-to-adopt-the-primary-school-children-on-number-conservation-ability-through-piaget-cognitive-theory https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Efficiency Analysis of Domestic and Foreign Commercial Banks of Pakistan: The Data Envelopment Analysis Approach Farhat Ullah Khan Aziz Javed Khalid Rehman Efficiency Domestic Banks Foreign Banks Commercial Banks Data Envelopment Analysis The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficiency of domestic and foreign commercial banks of Pakistan over the period from the year 2009 to 2013 through the DEA technique (Data envelopment analysis). DEA estimates efficiency by the ratio of inputs (multiple) to outputs (multiple). For this purpose, the number of employees, deposits and fixed assets were used as inputs while Advances and Investments were taken as the outputs based on the intermediation approach. Two generic forms of DEA explicitly CCR and BCC were applied to work out technical and pure-technical efficiencies, respectively. Results offered significant information to make the decision about the efficiency of commercial banks. The study outcomes showed that foreign owned banks performed better against public and private owned banks in respect of all the efficiency measures throughout the period of study. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-efficiency-analysis-of-domestic-and-foreign-commercial-banks-of-pakistan-the-data-envelopment-analysis-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Russia's Annexation of Crimea and Security Implications for the Baltic States Muhammad Javed Nazim Rahim Assad Mehmood Khan Compatriots Estonia Latvia Lithuania Security Hybrid Warfare This article discusses Russia's annexation of Crimea and its security implications for the Baltic States. The study exclusively examines two considerable impacts of the Russian annexation of Crimea, in term of its Compatriots and Hybrid warfare strategies on the security of the three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) through qualitative and descriptive analysis. It discusses Russia's Compatriot policy which was behind this annexation, and how this policy is an essential tool of the Kremlin against the Baltic States using their large portion of the population comprised of ethnic Russians. The paper finds that Russia annexed Crimea due to its geostrategic importance. Each of the three Baltic States also has strategic significance for the Russian Federation. In this sense, Russia's aggressive policies are becoming a great challenge for the security of the three States. This instant study highlights the security implications of the Russian annexation of Crimea for the Baltic States in a descriptive-analytical way. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Russias-Annexation-of-Crimea-and-Security-Implications-for-the-Baltic-States https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Chinese Co-Existence and Harmonious Policy and CPEC Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Harmonious Co-Existence China Pakistan CPEC Image Why does China adopt a harmoniously and Co-existence policy? Is this a strategy for international development? This paper is an attempt to explore Chinese co-existence and harmonious policy towards CPEC. China’s co-existence and harmonious policy and CPEC are interconnected to each other. Co-Existence and harmonious policy are two major indicators of Chinese developmental Philosophy.This policy has been inspired by Chinese socialist roots since its revolution in 1949. The noninterference, peaceful co-existence, and harmonious principles are major policies tools that have shape up the Chinese new global development order. Chinese capital accumulation and advancement is based on its policy of ''noninterference.'' These are significant feature of China’s capital accumulation and development model that manufactured new global economic order. The Chinese official stance over global investment policy is harmonious and co-existence, which is embedded in the theory of realism. This seems like one of the successful policies for international cooperation and development. Co-Existence and Harmonious realism are the major determining factor to protect Chinese development interests and its global outreach Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University-Islamabad, Pakistan/ Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingdo 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/chinese-coexistence-and-harmonious-policy-and-cpec https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Religious Seminaries and Muslim Education in Indo-Pakistan Sub-Continent: A Critical Historical Analysis Azmat Ali Shah Fazal Ilahi Khan Saima Razzaq Khan History Islam Madrassah Pakistan Modernity Globalization This paper focuses on the history of Islamic studies and the growth of Muslim edification scheme subsequent to the arrival of Islam in South Asia (712 A.D) and also explores the key role played by the Emperors in its establishment since 1206 A.D. Thereafter, it will highlight the efforts of Muslim rulers in introducing religious-cum-modern education system through Madrassah (religious seminaries) in Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent including the period of British-India from 1757 to 1947 A.D. which adversely affected the Muslim education system by introducing foreign educational reforms to target the curriculum of the Islamic education system. The paper will shed light on the development of Madrassahin Pakistan and the 9/11 incident that has drastically affected the image of the religious seminaries in imparting Islamic education to the people in the global community. Humanity Publications Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. Department of Islamic Studies, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology D.I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/-religious-seminaries-and-muslim-education-in-indopakistan-subcontinent-a-critical-historical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Autism Spectrum in Classroom and Special Educationist: A Panorama of Challenges in Facilitating Teaching-Learning Process Asmaa Azeem Almas Shoaib Fauzia Naheed Key Words: Perspective Autism Spectrum Disorder Applied Behavior Analyst Individual Education Plan Training Autism spectrum disorders are lifelong developmental disabilities that can impact how students understand, what they see, hear and otherwise sense. This can result in difficulties with learning, communication, and behavior in their classroom. To execute this phenomenological research study in private schools of autism, the researchers were keen to dig out and try to listen to the perspectives of the special educationists regarding challenges in facilitating the teaching-learning process. Through semi-structured interviews, data were collected from twenty (20) special educationists working with children diagnosed on the spectrum of autism disorder. The majority of the special educationists reported that during teaching, they must execute various intervention strategies by incorporating different tools provided by the school. Their one major issue was time management because they have to handle every kind of issues arouse by the child and environment, alone during teaching. It was reported that the general education curriculum is also difficult to teach alone because they have not received any kind of specialized curriculum for such kids. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Special Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Phd Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/autism-spectrum-in-classroom-and-special-educationist-a-panorama-of-challenges-in-facilitating-teachinglearning-process https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Employment Barriers for Persons with Hearing Impairment in the Job Market: Employers' Perspectives Faiza Abbas Faisal Anis Mohammad Ayaz Employees with Hearing Impairment Decent Employment Employers Policy Implications This study investigated the employers' perspectives on the decent employment barriers faced by persons with hearing impairment in the job market. A survey questionnaire was developed based on literature review and the ILO model, which was validated by experts of the field and then pilot tested to determine its reliability. Data were collected from 81 employers using the snowball sampling technique. Average mean values of data related to employment barriers were calculated to rank order these to prioritize the barriers that need to be addressed most urgently. Ranking revealed that education and training, unavailability of technical support, financial support, poor implementation of quota system represent the sequence of the urgency of the barriers. Further, a onesample t-test was used to compare the mean of employment barriers with a 75% preset criterion value. The findings of the t-test showed that the mean value of all the barriers was significantly less than 75%. The study recommended that there is a great need to propose a policy that clearly focuses on decent employment for the PWHI. Humanity Publications Phd Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Islamic Banking, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/employment-barriers-for-persons-with-hearing-impairment-in-the-job-market-employers-perspectives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Sectarian Violence on Pakistan's Security and Politics Shafiq Qurban Rubina Ali Barelvi Deobandi Intersect Harmony Sectarianism Security Risk Shia Violence The sectarian violence got the moment during Zia's reign when the Deobandi sect created violent militant groups as Sipah-e- Sahaba and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. In contrast, the Shia sect created Sipah-i-Mohammad Pakistan under the banner of the Afghan Jihad. Both Deobandi and Shia sects had ignited the violent clashes, which led to many innocent people's massacre. This moment of violent clashes was continued during the reigns of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, wherein the governments had ignored the violent activities of both religious factions. However, the incident of 9/11 had changed the dynamics of this violent conflict when the Musharraf government banned all militant groups for overcoming the extremism. This paper explores the polarization among the Deobandi and the Shias and their influence on Pakistan's national security. This paper suggests that the government should scrutinize all madrassas' curricula by removing hatred materials from the scheme of madrassas' study. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-sectarian-violence-on-pakistans-security-and-politics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Under Western Eyes: A Critical Consideration of Fictitious Muslim Stereotyping in English Fiction Kanwal Zahra Aisha Jadoon Colonial Discourse Foreground Image Construction Stereotypical Representation Colonized Muslims English fiction pertaining to the British rule in India marked Indian Muslims intovisibility through the portrayal of their stable stereotypical identity, and since its publication, A Passage to India has gained the status of authentic imagining of Muslims asconservative religious ‘Other’ of the West. As such, they are analyzing this text as an instance ofcolonial fixity necessitates the identification and consideration of those discursive strategies used bythe text for the projection of abrasive Muslim images. The focus of this paper is to critically approachA Passage to India through the application of Fairclough’s threedimensional model so as to validate the claim of stereotypicalrepresentation of Muslims in India during colonial rule. Largely amatter of despotic manipulation within the text, the narrator doteson the anecdotal treatment of Muslim characters with a purpose tojustify. By adhering to colonial discursive binarism, this noveldepicts colonized Muslims as dehumanized and caricatured othersin essentialist terms by shelving their political, historical andcontextual identification. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/under-western-eyes-a-critical-consideration-of-fictitious-muslim-stereotyping-in-english-fiction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Internet Infrastructure in Africa: Status and Opportunities Muhammad Tehsin Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi Internet Infrastructure Africa Bandwidth University There is a major information gap in Africa, where access to information is structurally disabled.This study was conducted taking the University of Dodoma in Tanzania as a case study. The causes for poor internet access were identified as: Lack of alignment between last-mile, middle-mile, and long-range network infrastructure; Tyranny of bad on-premises network design; Up to 15 network hops just to leave on-premises network architecture; Lack of best-practice templates and benchmarks for on-premises, middle-mile and national backbone network architecture in emerging and developing markets; and local operators charging exorbitant bandwidth prices. The US Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) definition of broadband is 25 Mbps per host. The World Bank defines broadband as 12 Mbps per hundred consumers.According to the United Nations, broadband is a basic human right and an absolute necessity for productivity and sustainable growth Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence % Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Works at Microsoft. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/internet-infrastructure-in-africa-status-and-opportunities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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From Text to Context: Hermeneutics of Sacred Texts and Gendered Public Sphere in Islam Saiqa Jabeen Shouket Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Quran Gender Public Sphere Hermeneutics Politics The Quran is a primary sacred text for all Muslims which provides a basic idea of Islamic legislation and women role in politics. There are numerous verses in the Quran that teaches the followers to understand and support the participation of women in politics in a given context. Hermeneutics of Quran and the gendered public sphere have complex and critical relationships with each other. The sacred religious text of the Quran is interpreted in multiple perspectives depending on socio-cultural and historical context. Society largely reconcile its intellectual tone through interpretation of text and knowledge production. The paper is an attempt to elaborate on the hermeneutics of the Quran in the context of women's politics. There is a contradictory hermeneutical debate on Quranic text on the issue of women existing in the political sphere. Interpretation is a continuous process and deeply embedded in socio-cultural dynamics. Based on a principles of hermeneutics, Quran is considered to be for all times and ages. As per the rhetoric of the 21stcentury, the contemporary hermeneutics of the Quran provides equal human space to all genders. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Islamic and Religious Studies, Hazara University-Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University-Islamabad, Pakistan/ Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingdo 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-text-to-context-hermeneutics-of-sacred-texts-and-gendered-public-sphere-in-islam https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Chronic Inter-play of Identity and Choice: A Zero-sum Competition in Shamsie's Home Fire Farheen Akhtar Qadri Sajjad Hussain Muhammad Asaf Amir Zero-Sum Postcolonial National Identity Chronic Creative and Productive Value The issues of globalization and economic and social dependency have penetrated into modern postcolonial literature, especially in the literature of expatriate Pakistani writers. Home Fire explicitly covers the issue of zero-sum competition between the immigrants and the locals. The attitude of the Americans and the Britishersin the perspective of post 9\11 era highlighted this issue. The Zero-sum competition is situational and chronic. The major factor that constitutes this competition is the national identity. There are certain discursive events in the novel that propagate the fallacy of zero-sum competition. Zero-sum situations force Is ma to adopt the Other attitude towards her brother Pervaiz and sister Aneeka because of the (BIOPTIONAL CHOICE) two options of choice and future. Eamon gains choice and, after that, realizes and refuses the future. This study shows the zero-sum events as highlighted in the work Home Fire and analyzes the situational and chronic interplay of national identity, choice, and sense of future. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Government College Vehari, Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/chronic-interplay-of-identity-and-choice-a-zerosum-competition-in-shamsies-home-fire https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know Atta-ul Mustafa Ghulam Murtaza Shaheena Bhatti Globalization Economic liberalization Capitalist Globalization Afghanistan Globalization is the instrument of disintegration and weakening of nations through a vast network of transnational companies and their monopoly on global markets that destabilize a nations economy by enhancing the interdependence of the countries and weakening the nation-states grip over its geographical borders. Rahman in his novel In the Light of What We Know (2014) shows Afghanistan as a victim of tripartite – economic, cultural, political – globalization. Using Spencer & Wollmans (2002), Appadurais (2005) and Giddens (1990) critique and analyses of globalization, this study explores how Afghanistan has been gripped by the forces of globalization. Raemdoncks (2013) conceptualization of three dimensional global games of chess – great game, little game, and domestic game – being played by America, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, ISI and NGOs in Afghanistan chalks out the American designs of getting access to the oil and gas reservoirs in Afghanistan and Central Asian states. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, English Literature, Department of English, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Tripartite-Globalization-Afghanistan-and-Rahmans-In-The-Light-Of-What-We-Know https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Integration and Strengthening of Vulnerable Segments of Society in Disaster Risk Reduction Initiatives (Evidence from Developing World) Afsheen Zeeshan Shahzad Hussain Muhammad Bashir Khan Vulnerability Empowerment Inclusion Resilience Capacity Development Disaster Risk Reduction Disasters have the capacity to increase the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of marginalized groups of society. It is the need of the hour to include these segments to make the process of disaster risk reduction successful. This research article presents comprehensive information regarding global agenda and efforts made by developing countries for the empowerment & resilience of weak people during natural and man-made disasters. This article provides information on vulnerable groups are exploited for reaping benefits of DRR policies. Case studies are studied from developing world like, Indonesia, Cambodia, Philippines, Nepal, India & Myanmar to highlight the initiative taken to empower these segments. This evidence has been used in recommending more productive actions for inclusion of vulnerable people in DRR mechanisms in developing countries. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Integration-and-Strengthening-of-Vulnerable-Segments-of-Society-in-Disaster-Risk-Reduction-Initiatives-Evidence-from-Developing-World https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Neo-imperialist Logic of Global Capitalism in A Banker for All Seasons by Tariq Ali Kalsoom Khan Nighat Ahmad Capitalist World System Dependency National Bourgeoisie Neoimperialism Neoliberal Globalization The research attempts to evaluate the nexus between neoliberal global capitalism and neo-imperialism as portrayed in Tariq Ali’s play A Banker for All Seasons (2008) from a Marxist Postcolonial perspective. It applies the theory of World System and Dependency to examine the polarization of the globe into the core, imperialist and peripheral, colonized capitalist economies through the evolution of a capitalist world system in the last five centuries. In the same light, the present study scrutinizes the perpetuation of dependency in the postcolonial, peripheral states by the development of US-centric transnational enterprises which, supported by the national capitalists and neoliberal agenda, economically exploit masses across the globe. A textual analysis of Agha Hasan Abedi’s character in the play highlights the way the global Bank of Credit and Commerce International founded in Pakistan ran neo-imperialist operations and plundered the hard-earned money of its small depositors, benefitting the big capitalists. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Neo-imperialist-Logic-of-Global-Capitalism-in-A-Banker-for-All-Seasons-by-Tariq-Ali https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Islamic Calendar Anomaly and Market Return Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Eight Islamic Economies Rana Shahid Imdad Akash Iqbal Mehmood Kashif Hamid Islamic Calendar anomaly Efficient Market Behavioral Finance This study is aimed to explore the Islamic calendar anomaly or lunar effect over the period of eleven years commencing from Zilhajj 1429 (January 2007) to Muharram 1440 (September 2018) on daily historical returns. This study has identified the essence of weak-form Efficient Market Hypothesis Fama (1965) in Pakistan, Turkey, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Dubai. Moreover market return behavior and seasonal effects are identified by using the dummy regression model. It is identified that anomalous behavior is reality in long run aptitude in all Islamic economies and the average behavior is reflecting that markets have been inspired by the seasonal effects. Overall the market behavior reflects weak form of efficiency except Iran and Bangladesh. It is identified that the Gregorian Calander is static but the lunar calendar is dynamic and go across all the weathers. Weathers and temperatures may affect perception and psychology of investor. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce,University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus, Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate professor, Department of Commerce,Government College of Commerce, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Islamic-Calendar-Anomaly-and-Market-Return-Behavior-Empirical-Evidence-from-Eight-Islamic-Economies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Unmasking the Alternative Micro Feminist Narratives in Anna Karenina: A Postmodernist-Deconstructive Perspective Muhammad Ayub Jajja Suppression Patriarchy Ideology Schizophrenia Resistance The present study means to investigate Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy in the light of eclectic theoretical framework consisting of Feminism, Postmodernism, and Deconstruction. The overt dominant patriarchal metanarrative is to be shown as problematized by the existence of the alternative micro feminist narrative stands. These alternative strands challenge and subvert the absolutist patriarchal narrative. The transcendental position of patriarchy as an absolute stands deconstructed by the play of alternative micro-narrative strands of feminist resistance. The study also means to show that subjectivities of major characters are self-differentiated, fractured and fragmented. This also implies that patriarchal metanarrative and alternative feminist narrative strands continually displace each other, instead of going for mutual synthesis. Seen through the lens of chosen theoretical framework, Anna Karenina becomes a site of pluralism and multiplicity, a story of resistance to the transcendental patriarchal presence. Humanity Publications Associate Professor,Department of English,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Unmasking-the-Alternative-Micro-Feminist-Narratives-in-Anna-Karenina:-A-Postmodernist-Deconstructive-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Kargil Adventure and Its Political Consequences Muhammad Shakeel Akhtar Aftab Ahmad Gilani Khurshid Ahmad Kargil Kashmir Military Civilian leadership Siachen Religious Parties Party Politics This paper studies the pre and post Kargil war events. It also elaborates the calculation and miscalculations of Kargil adventure from the top military brass and the Kargil clique. This paper also describes the question of civil military relations in Pakistan and actual corridor of the decision making. It also Provides Knowledge about the plan of Kargil war, doctrine of secrecy, the aftermath of that adventure, the big bang between the civil-military leadership, the failure of diplomacy, the impact of Kargil war on political system. This paper also highlighted the attempt to get Kargil at the rate of Kashmir. It is assessed that the kagril episode had some precious consequences related to the battlefield, warfare and the supremacy of army as an institution. This paper also showed the activities happened on the freeze heights of Kargil seriously affect, politics and civil-military relations in Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor (Rtd),Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Kargil-Adventure-and-Its-Political-Consequences https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Classroom Assessment, Literacy and Practices of Teacher Educators in Pakistan Farooq Nawaz Khan Sajjad Hussain Maryam Imad Assessment Literacy Assessment Practices Teacher Education Reforms Literacy practices focus classroom assessment skills and knowledge. This study investigated the correlation of classroom assessment literacy and practices of teacher educators in Pakistan. Teacher educators of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Teacher education institutions were investigated through Assessment Literacy Test (ALT), Classroom Assessment Practices Questionnaire (CAPQ) following quantitative correlational research design. The results reflected moderate level assessment literacy of teacher educators in Pakistan and found them practice traditional assessment practices. Furthermore, majority of teacher educators were found to have less knowledge and skills in designing and selecting appropriate assessment tools and that most of the classroom assessment practices were limited to paper-pencil tests. Teacher training with mutual consultation of Learning and Innovation Division (LID) of Higher Education Commission (HEC), the establishment of National Assessment Wing under the Umbrella of National Curriculum Wing and support from ICT supported devices/software, online resources were recommended. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Center for Education & Staff Training, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Center for Education & Staff Training, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Center for Education & Staff Training, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Classroom-Assessment-Literacy-and-Practices-of-Teacher-Educators-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impediments in the Quality Assurance of Higher Education Sector of Pakistan Shafqat Rasool Khuda Bukhsh Muhammad Shabbir Ali Quality Assurance Higher Education Impediments Pakistan Quality of higher education institutes determines the future of any nation. Higher education commission (HEC) has strived hard to elevate the standards of higher education in Pakistan but desired results have not been redeemed. This article endeavors to highlight barriers in the implementation of quality assurance mechanism devised by HEC and higher education institutes (HEIs) to improve quality of both teaching and research. Data were collected from 204 Government sector and 205 faculty members of private sector universities in the Punjab Province and the Capital Islamabad. T-test for independent sample was applied to find the dissimilarities in the views of government sector and faculty members of private universities about hurdles in the quality assurance procedure adopted by their respective universities. It was revealed that inconsistent policies, ambiguous targets and lack of training regarding quality assurance practices were main hurdles. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impediments-in-the-Quality-Assurance-of-Higher-Education-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Teaching Context and Students' Learning: A Case Study of a Public Sector University Muhammad Naeem Butt Haji Karim Khan Wilayat Bibi Adult learning Higher Education Learning Experiences Managing Learning University Students This is an exploratory research study that aimed at capturing students’ learning experience in a public sector university campus in a remote region in Pakistan. The sample included students in the last semester of their two years Master’s program in Education Data were generated through a questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, and whole-class discussions with Master’s students of Education. Findings showed that the students saw their learning embedded inrelation to the interaction with the faculty members, availability of resources, and interactive teaching approaches. It surfaced that remoteness of the context and unavailability of the Internet, lack of relative skills, and English language deficiencies, were key challenges. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Education and Research,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Educational Development, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Teaching-Context-and-Students-Learning-A-Case-Study-of-a-Public-Sector-University https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Executive District Officers (Education) and Quality Assurance at Secondary Level in Punjab, Pakistan Nazneen Nazak Muhammad Aslam Asghar Tariq Javed Physical facilities Quality education Secondary Schools Quality teachers Quality learners Quality of education furnishes learners to develop intellectual capabilities, knowledge, skills and to contribute information of respectful, enlightened and peaceful democratic societies in order to uplift the sustainable well-being of individuals. The aim of secondary education is to build individual intellectual capabilities. There have been no serious and integrated efforts to develop an effective system of quality assurance for secondary education though, certain efforts have been made to improve certain aspects of school education. The aim of the article is to collect the opinion of Executive District Officers (EDOs) about quality assurance in education in the area of teachers and learners at secondary level. The research instrument was developed, validated through experts in the field of education, and reliability (internal consistency) was found through SPSS. Results of this study showed that teachers had mastery over the subject but did not have competency in pedagogical skills Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Professor,Faculty of Social Sciences, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. SST, Federal Government Public School No. 2 (Boys), Tariqabad, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Executive-District-Officers-Education-and-Quality-Assurance-at-Secondary-Level-in-Punjab-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Exploration of Issues and Challenges Faced by Students in Distance Learning Environment Asaf Niwaz Qazi Waqas Ahmed Sohail Kamran Distance education Experiences Learners Challenges University This paper investigates the issues and challenges encountered by students obtaining distance education in Pakistan. We conducted interviews with students obtaining distance education and they were enrolled in different study programs. Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand the perception of the study participants regarding the issues and challenges faced by them in learning. Students from five distance learning programs were selected and five participants from each study program were interviewed in this study. The findings reveal that distance learning students encounter impediment in their learning due to their personal circumstances, teachers’ related issues, and due to assessment and evaluation issues. These factors negatively affect distance learners learning experiences. Based on the study findings, we provide recommendations to universities for enhancing distance learners experience. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. PhD. Scholar, Department of Education,University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. Assistant Professor,Department of Business Administration, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Exploration-of-Issues-and-Challenges-Faced-by-Students-in-Distance-Learning-Environment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Organizational Learning and Effectiveness: The Case of Pakistani HEIs Maqsood Haider Muhammad Aamir Khawar Naheed Organization Learning Effectiveness Higher Education Institutions Khyber Pakhtoonkhawa Public Universities Higher education is considered to be the lifeline of the development of any nation. These institutions are not only engaged in disseminating knowledge but are also engaged in shaping human capital for todays knowledge-based economy. These higher learning institutions need to focus on their effectiveness if they want to be learning organizations. The present study focuses on organizational learning for attaining effectiveness. The sample of the study consists of 350 academic staff members of public sector HEIs belonging to Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province of Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data set. The overall results showed a significant direct effect of organizational learning upon organizational effectiveness. The results are significant for the top management. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, FATA University, FR Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Organizational-Learning-and-Effectiveness-The-Case-of-Pakistani-HEIs https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Investigating the Impact of Field Trips on Secondary School Students' Attitude to Learning of Sciences Muhammad Shabbir Ali Nasrin Akhtar Muhammad Arshad Impact Science Attitude Physics Field Trips Experimental Group. The main objective of the paper was to determine the impact of the study tour on students’ attitudes at secondary level. It was experimental research study. The population for this research was comprised of 130 science students of 10th class chosen randomly from private institute of Okara district located in division Sahiwal of Punjab province. Attitude to Science Questionnaire (ASQ) containing content from physics was used as research instrument. The validity of research instrument for this study was improved though experts’ recommendations and the reliability were found to be 0.81. It was very clear from the findings that experimental group had positive attitude towards science as compared to other groups. It was also found that field trips promote science attitude and develop positive interest of the students in science. The school administration may manage field trips for the promotion of scientific attitude in the students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. SST Science,School Education Department,Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Investigating-the-Impact-of-Field-Trips-on-Secondary-School-Students-Attitude-to-Learning-of-Sciences https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effects of Self-regulated Learning Strategies on Learning of English Language by Students of Eighth Grade Umm e Habiba Mumtaz Akhter Tahira Batool Self-Regulated Learning Pow+Tree Writing Strategy This was proposed to investigate the effect of self-regulated learning strategies on 8th class students achievement for learning English. This was experimental research. Intact group (8th class students) pretest and posttest of design was utilized voluntarily for data collection. The experimental group was taught with SRL strategies and control group was taught with traditional strategy. The pre and post-administration results of group with intervention and control groups were compared to determine the use of SRL strategies had statistically significant effect on students achievement to learn English. Independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test and Repeated Measures Analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that SRL strategies had significant effect on students achievement scores. In conclusion, research was suggested to examine the effect of SRL strategies on students achievement on larger experimental population of various grades. Humanity Publications EST,Department of Education, Govt. Girls Elementary School Nwabpura, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Assistant Professor,Department of Research and Evaluation, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Self-regulated-Learning-Strategies-on-Learning-of-English-Language-by-Students-of-Eighth-Grade https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of Chief Minister's Roadmap Reforms in Education on Learning of Head Teachers and Teachers Shazia bibi Zunaira Fatima Samreen Mehmood Chief Minister (CM) Road Map. District Education Officer(DEO) PST EST SST Punjab Government of Pakistan under the headship of the Chief Minister’s has taken many moves for the promotion of education. Therefore, “Assessing effectiveness of quality enhancement measures in chief minister’s roadmap; perception of headteachers and teachers” were investigated in this study. The objective was to check the effectiveness of CM roadmap indicators on Quality Education. Taking district Sahiwal of Panjab Pakistan, as population, 300 teachers and headteachers of school side were selected as sample of study. A multi-stage convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. It was concluded that CM road map indicators does not have any statistically significant difference in teacher’s gender but have statistically significant difference on urban-rural teachers of district Sahiwal. By analysis of variance technique it has been finally concluded that CM road map indicators have substantial effect on quality education. The study opens the doors for future researcher to further evaluate other indicators except quality. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effectiveness-of-Chief-Ministers-Roadmap-Reforms-in-Education-on-Learning-of-Head-Teachers-and-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education Nisar Ahmed Muhammad Arshad Muhammad Hameed Nawaz Entrepreneurship Higher Education Business Incubation Centres Deficits Strategies This research intended to explore deficit and strategies to improve entrepreneurship regarding higher education in Pakistan. The study was descriptive in nature. It would utilize quantitative cum qualitative research techniques. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires and qualitative data from interviews. The population was comprised of all teachers and students who are getting entrepreneurship education in Business Incubation Centres (BIC) supported by Higher Education Commission in public sector universities. The sample of the research were 40 teachers and 200 students selected through random sampling technique. Data were analyzed through descriptive and thematic approach. The findings of the study showed that HEC was not playing an active role regarding entrepreneurship and demanded that special funds, infrastructure, and faculty should be provided to promote entrepreneurship. Institutions may offer useful training programs in colleges and universities for better career prospect and also focused on continuous professional development of teachers to enhance entrepreneurship education. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. SST – Science, School Education Department,Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Developing-Entrepreneurship-in-Pakistan-through-Higher-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Glass Ceiling or Personal Barriers: A Study of Underrepresentation of Women in Senior Management Marriam Ayub Rao Aamir Khan Muhammad Khushnood Glass Ceiling Personal Barriers Private Organizations Senior Management Underrepresentation The glass ceiling has been termed the factor for underrepresentation of women in higher management positions. Pakistani society is believed to be dominated by men in all walks including positions in higher management. The purpose of this study is to explore whether it is the glass ceiling or the personal barriers that result in the underrepresentation phenomena of women in higher management. This exploratory study has surveyed, through a semi-structured interview, the middle and higher-level women manager from private organizations located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The findings suggest that it is not only glass ceiling barriers but also personal characteristics that hinder womens professional growth. The study also contributes to identifying personal and glass ceiling barriers and their relative importance. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of Management Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Glass-Ceiling-or-Personal-Barriers-A-Study-of-Underrepresentation-of-Women-in-Senior-Management https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Issues of Syllabus Designing Practices and Quality Assurance at Higher Education Level Anjum Bano Kazimi Muhammad Ali Shaikh Stephen John Curriculum Syllabus designing Higher Education Standard The goal of Higher Education Commission is to develop and implement quality across all university activities and making it compatible with international practices. The faculty is required to have ability in designing, maintaining and updating curricula, when measuring the quality of an institute or of teaching; designing syllabus is the basic required skill. This study aims to analyze perception, syllabus designing skills and practices of faculty members in universities. This research is quantitative, structured questionnaire and document analyses were used for data collection. Results showed faculty have no related training; rules for designing syllabus are not followed. It is recommended that training sessions should be organized to developing syllabus designing skills of university faculty. Standard guidelines should be developed by quality assurance bodies. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Education, IQRA University, Gulshan Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Vice Chancellor,Media and Communication Studies,Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Director ORIC, Research Innovation, and Commercialization, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Issues-of-Syllabus-Designing-Practices-and-Quality-Assurance-at-Higher-Education-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Classification of Customers' Sentiment using Data Mining Approaches Dost Muhammad Khan Tariq Aziz Rao Faisal Shahzad Data Mining; Sentiment Analysis; Classification Data mining is a procedure of extracting the requisite information from unprocessed records by using certain methodologies and techniques. Data having sentiments of customers is of utmost importance for managers and decision-makers who intend to monitor the progress, to maintain the quality of their products or services and to observe the latest market trends for business support. Billions of customers are using micro-blogging websites and social media for sharing their opinions about different topics on daily basis. Therefore, it has become a source of acquiring information but to identify a particular feature of a product is still an issue as the information retrieves from varied sources. We proposed a framework for data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction and used three supervised machine-learning algorithms for classification of customers’ sentiments. The proposed framework also tested to evaluate the system’s performance. Our proposed methodology will be helpful for researchers, service providers, and decisionmakers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Classification-of-Customers-Sentiment-using-Data-Mining-Approaches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effect of Teaching Reading Strategies on the Students' Reading Comprehension Malik Abdul Shakoor Muhammad Ilyas Khan Muhammad Imran Iqbal Majoka Higher Secondary School Reading Comprehension Teaching of English Teaching strategies Pedagogy Reading is an important tool for getting access to information which provides a base to the learning process. Comprehension is a basic pre-requisite for reading to be meaningful. Various reading strategies have been associated with better reading comprehension. The current experimental study conducted in the Pakistani context explored the effect of teaching reading strategies on reading comprehension of students in the subject of English at the higher secondary school level. The experimental pretest-posttest equivalent research design was adopted to conduct the study. The sample consisted of 60 higher secondary school students of a private girls college in Mansehra, Pakistan. Findings indicate that teaching reading strategies have a positive impact on the reading comprehension of students at the higher secondary level. The study has important implications for teachers, students, curriculum planners, policymakers in the field of education and school leaders. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-Teaching-Reading-Strategies-on-the-Students-Reading-Comprehension https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Leadership Behavior of Principals and Attitudes of Teachers towards Academic Environment in Private Schools Latif Ur Rehman Liaquat Hussain Shah Khuda Bakhsh Malik Teachers’ Attitude Leadership Behavior Academic Environment Private Secondary Schools The research was focused on the “Leadership Behavior of Principals and Attitudes of Teachers as related to the Academic Environment in Private Secondary Schools of District Dera Ismail Khan”. The study was quantitative and data were collected using a survey. The population was 147 heads and 1470 teachers who were working in private secondary schools of the District, Dera Ismail Khan. A sample of 324 was selected for gathering data. The correlation, t-test, and regression were statistical analysis techniques. The results depicted that better academic environment is the result of positive attitude of teachers. The relationship between attitude and leadership behavior was highly positive. No differences were found between rural and urban on attitude scale, leadership behavior scale and environment scale. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Leadership-Behavior-of-Principals-and-Attitudes-of-Teachers-towards-Academic-Environment-in-Private-Schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Association of Print Media Agenda and Policy Agenda on International Relations of Pakistan with USA Hayam Qayyoum Saqib Riaz Babar Hussain Shah Content Analysis DAWN International Relations The News International Print Media Agenda Policy Agenda. The aim of the study was to examine the the association between print media agenda and policy agenda (State and NGOs) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan with USA from 2015 till 2017 on categorized issues. Data is collected from DAWN and The News International of Pakistan. Quantitative research method was adopted and content of newspapers and policy documents (State and NGOs) was analyzed to find out the coverage, rank order, frame, slant and association between print media agenda and policy agenda (State and NGOs) regarding Pak-US relations issues. Findings revealed that print media agenda and state policy agenda are associated (rs =+.362) having moderate positive association and print media agenda and non-government policy agenda are associated (rs=+.490) having moderate positive association. Hence, hypotheses are supported. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar , Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University ,Islamabad, Pakistan Chairman, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Punjab, pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Mass Communication,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Punjab, pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Association-of-Print-Media-Agenda-and-Policy-Agenda-and-its-Impact-on-the-Foreign-Policy-of-Pakistan-with-USA https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effect of Executive Ownership on the Relationship between Agency Cost and Equity Mispricing Faiq Mahmood Amir Inam Bhutta Muhammad Usman Agency cost Equity mispricing Information Asymmetry The purpose of the current work is to investigate the influence of agency cost on equity mispricing for the firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period from 2008 to 2016. Agency cost is estimated by asset utilization ratio, mispricing is computed by book- to -market ratio and some firms characteristic such as size, profitability and leverage are taken as control variables. Balanced panel method is used to estimate the results. The sample is divided into two parts on the basis of stock mispricing; undervalued and overvalued firms. The influence of agency costs is then separately examined on both sub-samples. Moreover, the effect of managerial ownership on the relationship between agency cost and mispricing is investigated. Results show that agency cost is positively linked with equity mispricing. Moreover, findings demonstrate that for undervalued firms, effect of agency costs is stronger but for overvalued firm, it is weaker and negative. Results are consistent with previous studies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School,Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Lyallpur Business School, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-Executive-Ownership-on-the-Relationship-between-Agency-Cost-and-Equity-Mispricing https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Financial Management Competence of Selected and Promoted School Heads: A Demographic Comparison Zunaira Fatima Uzma Shahzadi Ashfaque Shah Finance Financial Management School heads Secondary Schools Financial Management Competence This study intended comparing the financial management competence of selected and promoted school principals (heads). It was quantitative and comparative in nature. The population was principals of government high schools in Upper Punjab. Purposive sampling technique was applied for sampling the size of 213 school heads from district Sahiwal. A selfdeveloped questionnaire comprising 34 items was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was found to be .82. Data were analyzed using advanced statistics using SPSS. The study established that school heads have awareness planning procedures and implementation processes but school heads are not confident to coordinate with stakeholders in financial matters of school. The significant difference appeared in financial management competence of promoted and selected school heads and males and females school principals. It was recommended that financial management orientation and training may be arranged for school heads of public secondary schools to improve their financial management competence. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Financial-Management-Competence-of-Selected-and-Promoted-School-Heads-A-Demographic-Comparison https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Analysis of Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: Evidence from Leading English Newspapers Amna Zulfiqar Zahid Yousaf Discourse Analysis Tahrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) North Waziristan National Action Plan (NAP) Civil-Military Relations (CMR). Civil-military relations in Pakistan are always in search of common ground. Historically, military forces and civilian leadership in Pakistan struggle to find the right balance and the civilian leadership has hardly commanded the gun. This study is intended to analyze that how the two selected daily English newspapers of Pakistan, i.e. Dawn and The News covered the major developments in civil-military relations, particularly during the regime of Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Raheel Sharif, followed by the most sensitive event i.e., Zarb-e-Azb. The study employed the method of discourse analysis and has used the theoretical notion of agenda-setting and framing. The results of the study revealed that the slant, style, themes, and discourses used in the news stories of both the newspapers almost remained the same, appreciating the military institutions positively. Whereas condemning the civilian leadership for their lack of concern towards implementing the already approved Nation Action Plan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Centre for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Centre for Media and Communication StudiesUniversity of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Analysis-of-Civil-Military-Relations-in-Pakistan-Evidence-from-Leading-English-Newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Influence of Interpersonal Communication Sources on Voting Behaviour of Youth Yasir Waseem Iqbal Ghulam Shabir Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal Sources Voting Behaviour General Election 2013 Election Campaign Interpersonal Influences A study was conducted in General Election 2013 Campaign" conducted to determine the influence of interpersonal communication such as (Parents, Siblings, friend, religious leader, celebrities teachers and others identifying which source is more significant in shaping voting behavior of Pakistani youth. For this study, the survey method was used, in which self-reported questionnaire distributed among 1000 respondents in public sectors universities of Punjab and Islamabad to find out results. SPSS was used for data analysis and statistical testing of the variables. The results proved that Parents are the most significant predictor of the voting behavior of youth, but their level of significance gradually decreases when compared to prior studies, because of change in the source of information of youth. This study supports the theoretical framework of interpersonal discussion that emphasized on the importance of interpersonal discussion in shaping behaviors attitudes and emotional reactions of youth. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Journalism, Govt Degree College Nowshera Virkan, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Media Studies,The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Influence-of-Interpersonal-Communication-Sources-on-Voting-Behaviour-of-Youth https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Demographic Variation and Stress Management Skills Saira Nudrat Qurat ul ain Hina Shazia Zamir Stress Maangement Job Experience Gender Work Experience Demographic Variation The objectives of the study were focused on the demographic factor-based comparison of stress management skills of university-level teachers. 1362 teachers from faculty of Social Sciences serving in universities of Islamabad were taken as target population for the study. 412 teachers were selected as samples by using stratified sampling technique. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire that was based on seven stress management strategies. In accordance with the objectives t-test and ANOVA were applied. Results revealed that university employees with 15-20 years of experience in (Public sector) were more skilled in managing stressful situations. Stress management skills were found better in females than males. Furthermore, teachers serving in public sector universities were found more capable of dealing with stress. The study recommended that top management of educational institutions may redesign their workplace environment as making it more conducive for employees with reference to occupational stress management. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Demographic-Variation-and-Stress-Management-Skills https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Elements of Feminism in Language of Childrens Animations Izzah Shahid Fakhira Riaz Akifa Imtiaz Feminism Language Gender Animation Media In todays modern globalized world, the power and impact of media in different aspects of human life are universally acknowledged. The elements of feminism in media have been widely researched in the past, but, how feminist ideas are portrayed in childrens media largely remains unexplored. The aim of this research is to explore the presentation of feminist concepts, notions, and ideas in a specific genre of childrens media – animations – through verbal and non-verbal language including verbal discourse, expressions, and overall communicative symbolism. The sample of the study consists of fourteen famous animations which are selected through purposive sampling. The results reveal that the feminist ideas and concepts presented deal with the empowerment and liberation of women, and hinted towards real-life womens issues such as education, adolescence, abuse, oppression, gender equality in work and employment, personal choice and other political, social and economic issues rather than presenting stereotypical image of women. Humanity Publications Student,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Elements-of-Feminism-in-Language-of-Childrens-Animations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Teachers Personal Characteristics on Their Job Satisfaction in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Iqbal Amin Khan Munir Khan Mohammad Naseer ud Din Academic Qualification Age Experience Gender Job satisfaction Professional Qualification Job satisfaction has mostly been investigated in both developed and developing countries because it has a strong relationship with job outcomes. This paper focuses on investigating the job satisfaction level and also explores impact of some selected personal characteristics of teachers on job satisfaction in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The study used quantitative research design. From the seven divisional headquarter districts, researchers selected 744 senior secondary school teachers (SSST) through a stratified random sampling method. The teachers job satisfaction level was found high. The findings revealed that teachers gender, age, experience, academic and professional qualifications have significant effect on their job satisfaction. These personal characteristics have significant impact and predict teachers job satisfaction. It is suggested that the government should bring such reforms in the service structure which leads to increase the social status of teaching occupation and positive feelings among secondary school teachers opting to teach as a career. Humanity Publications Lecturer,Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Teachers-Personal-Characteristics-on-Their-Job-Satisfaction-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effects of Mastery Learning Model on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Mathematics Lubna Toheed Arshad Ali Academic achievement; Conventional method of teaching; Mastery Learning Model; rural; urban. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the Mastery Learning Model (MLM) on students academic achievement in the subject of mathematics at secondary school level in the urban and rural areas of Mardan district, province Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. It was a quasi-experimental study. The experimental design of the study was pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design. Two public schools from district Mardan were selected purposively. The students of grade 9th from these schools participated in this study. The number of participants was 214. Experimental groups were taught through MLM and control groups were exposed to the Conventional Method of Teaching (CMT). The instruments used for data collection were academic achievement tests. The data were analyzed through an independent sample t-test. The result declared that the performance of the students experimental groups was better than those of the control groups. It was concluded that MLM enhanced academic achievement of students in urban and rural areas of district Mardan Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research,University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Mastery-Learning-Model-on-Academic-Achievement-of-Secondary-School-Students-in-Mathematics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Variations in Parental Participation in Curricular and Co-Curricular Activities of University Students Tahira Batool Jannat Riaz Parental Participation differences University students Curricular and Co-curricular Activities. This research was aims to examine the point of view of university students about parental participation in their curricular and co-curricular activities. It explores the comparisons in parental participation level regarding students gender, socio-economic status in public and private universities. This exploration followed the quantitative research method. The sample for this research consisted of the graduation students (boys and girls) of public and private sector universities which were located in Lahore district. A random sampling procedure was used to collect data from boys and girls studying in different universities. The sample size of this survey was 300 students. The researcher has constructed a questionnaire for finding out the opinions of students about their parental participation in their academics. After the collection of data, the data were analyzed. Findings of the research revealed that parental involvement was different due to gender, education and social status of university students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Research and Evaluation DepartmentLahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan.Research and Evaluation Department,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Variations-in-Parental-Participation-in-Curricular-and-Co-Curricular-Activities-of-University-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Relative Importance of Project key Success Factors in Country Specific Context Rao Aamir Khan Muhammad Khushnood Humera Manzoor Key Success Factors Relative Importance Index Factors Ranking This research, based on literature review, identifies important project success factors that are clustered under various categories. All project success factors are evaluated by project managers. In order to identify variations among success factors, domestic and international projects are compared. Data is collected from project managers of Pakistani, German and other international companies operating in Pakistan. Results show significant variances in the ranking of factors. The main differences were observed in the national factors where their importance is more in the foreign projects than domestic projects. Results suggest that project managers of international companies shall pay attention to national environment factors for greater chances of getting project success. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Science,COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science and Technology,KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies,Kohat University of Science and Technology, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Relative-Importance-of-Project-key-Success-Factors-in-Country-Specific-Context https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Assessing Leadership Roles of Secondary School Principals: Comparison Between Principals and Teachers Perceptions Munir Khan Iqbal Amin Khan Mohammad Naseer ud Din Age Gender Kohat Division Principals Leadership Role Teacher The current study assessed the leadership roles of secondary school heads in Kohat division (SSHKD). The study used a quantitative research design for examining whether principals and teachers interpreted leadership roles differently and whether gender and age have any effect on leadership role of principals or not. A random sample of 60 secondary school principals and 120 Senior School Teachers (S.S.T) from 03 districts of Kohat Division participated in the study. It was found that both teachers and heads perceived that school heads perform their leadership roles effectively and efficiently. However, performing leadership roles by male and female heads viewed differently. Female principals viewed that they perform leadership roles efficiently as compare to their male counterparts. No significant differences were found in the perceptions of principals when compared regarding age. The study recommends preservice training programs for principals after their selection. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Education,University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education and Psychology,Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Kp, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Assessing-Leadership-Roles-of-Secondary-School-Principals-Comparison-Between-Principals-and-Teachers-Perceptions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Information Communication Technologies pedagogy for Retention Muhammad Sibtain Khan Liaquat Hussain Shah Shafqat Rasool Information Communication Technology Retention experimental study teaching pedagogy The present study investigated the impact of ICT pedagogy for the retention of the students. This was an experimental investigation in two schools. The 120 participants were exposed to the experimental and controlled investigation in such a way that each group has 60 students. The experimental group was given the treatment of ICT pedagogy while the lecture pedagogy was in the control group. The testing was done for academic achievement after one month and after two months for retention, through a retention test. The result depicted the highest achievement in the favor of experimental group taught with ICT instructional methodology. Humanity Publications Subject Specialist, Education,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, GC, University, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Information-Communication-Technologies-pedagogy-for-Retention https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Students Religiosity as a Predictor of Students Future Orientation: Analyzing the Effect on Secondary School Students of Punjab Muhammad Sami Ur Rehman Syed Zubair Haider Najam Ul Kashif Religiosity Future Orientation Muslim Christian Hindu Religion has been considered as an outline for the sense of meaning and purpose. This research explores the effect of secondary school students religiosity & Spirituality on their future orientation in Punjab. This research seeks an answer to the contribution of students religious affiliation (fellowship with Islam, Christianity or Hinduism) and religiosity (Faith-based Coping (FBC) and Religious Social Support (RSS)) and FO. A total of 296 Muslims, 290 Christians, and 278 Hindu students participated in this research. Religiosity and Spirituality scale for Youth (RaSSY) developed by Brittany (2011) was adopted, while Future Orientation Scale (FOS) for measuring Future Vision towards Subject Choice and Future Vision towards Profession Choice was developed by researchers. The research concludes that students religiosity has a significant impact on their future orientation (FO). The religiosity moderately explains variances in FO of Muslims and Christians; however, it has a high impact on Hindu students in Punjab Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Training,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Students-Religiosity-as-a-Predictor-of-Students-Future-Orientation-Analyzing-the-Effect-on-Secondary-School-Students-of-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Personality of Students: The Role of Pakistani Teachers Syed Afzal Shah Bibi Asia Naz Javed Iqbal Big Five Factors of Personality teachers’ support facilities provision security in classroom and motivation of teachers This research investigated the impact of four features of teachers behavior viz. teachers support, facilities provision, security in classroom, and motivation of teachers on five aspects namely agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness personality traits of the students. The technique of Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of 1438 students from a population of 10 graders of the Hazara Division. The questionnaires, for teachers behavior and for exploring the Big Five personality of the students, were used for gathering data from the students. For analysis, Mean (M), standard deviation (S. D), and multiple regression analysis were used. Results showed that Teachers support negatively predicts the agreeableness trait of personality, Provision of facilities positively predicts extraversion factor of personality. Classroom security positively predicts the extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness factors of personality. Teachers motivation positively predicts extraversion, and conscientiousness factor of personality and negatively predicts neuroticism factor of personality. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Haripur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Personality-of-Students-The-Role-of-Pakistani-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The University Environment's Contributions to the Teachers' Performance Qamar Uz Zaman Liaquat Hussain Shah Asif Jamil Impact Environment of University Performance of Teachers Higher Level The current investigation is a struggle to find the University’s environment’s contributions to the teachers’ performance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The overall population under this study was 4000 teachers and 79000 students enrolled in 19 universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Different sampling techniques were used at different levels (Multistage). At the first stage out of 19 public sectors HEC recognized general universities, only six universities were selected through simple random sample technique. At second stage a stratified random sample of 270 students of six universities was taken for this study. Two questionnaire one for performance of teachers and second for internal environment was used. The ANOVA, t-statistic and Regression were used. The result shows the significant contributions of environment in the teachers’ performance Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-University-Environments-Contributions-to-the-Teachers-Performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effect of parental attributes on the locus of control of secondary school students Aishah Siddiquah Tahira Kalsoom Moafia Nader Locus of Control (LoC) Parental Education Parental Occupation Typeof Parental Interaction This study explores how parental attributes including parental education, occupation and the type of parental interaction affect different types of LoC of secondary school students. A total of 520 students were selected as participants of the study. Brown Locus of Control Scale (BLOCS) was the instrument of the study. ANOVA and t-test were used to explore the differences in LoC of students with different parental attributes. Results showed that internality was significantly more in students who moderately share their feelings with mothers. Other externality was significantly more in students whose fathers were businessmen than in students whose fathers were employees or laborers, and in students who completely or moderately share their feelings with their mothers than those who do not share their feelings with their mothers. External social LoC of students with less mother education (elementary and graduation) was significantly higher than the students with higher (postgraduation) mother education. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Professional Studies, Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-parental-attributes-on-the-locus-of-control-of-secondary-school-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Does Issue Voting Matter in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? Empirical Evidence from 2002-2013 Elections Farman Ullah Fakhrul Islam Issue Voting Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Electoral behaviour Electoral Politics Voting Behaviour. Issue voting is the theory of voting behavior which emphasizes that issues play an important role in making electoral decisions by the electorate in general elections. Issues of public importance are incorporated in party manifestoes and electoral campaigns so that to attract the masses and to stand victorious in elections. This article provides empirical evidence during 2002-2013 that how issue voting has played its dominant role in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? The study assumes that issue voting is a dominant factor in describing electoral patterns in KP. The period 2002-2013 covers three general elections including 2002, 2008 and 2013. In all these elections issue voting has been operated in the form of various issues. It will highlight all those issues which have been used in the form of issue voting during 2002-2013 period. Data have been collected through a questionnaire and have been analyzed with the help of SPSS software version 22 by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor and Director, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Does-Issue-Voting-Matter-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa-Empirical-Evidence-from-2002-2013-Elections https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Panel Analysis of Asean's Intra-Regional Trade Dynamics Sarina Zainab Shirazi Muhammad Usman Kemal Sabina Shirazi Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Augmented Gravity Equation Gross Domestic Product (GDP) International Trade Regional Trade Agreement. Countries have liberalized their trade policies to enhance economic integration and developmental processes. In this context, this research focuses on the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to examine impact of economy size, geographical distances, common language, cultural variations, common border, and trade agreements on the enhancement of trade, exports, and imports. This empirical study uses the gravity model to investigate the dynamics of the constructs. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1985 to 2015. Results show that the ASEAN region's economy size and distance significantly affect trade,exports, and imports. It is also concluded that ethnicity and regional trade agreements are effective in increasing total trade. In ASEAN, common border and regional trade agreements increase exports while common border, common language, ethnicity, and regional trade agreement are effective ways to promote imports. This study can be utilized for the formulation of effective policy tools to enhance intra-regional trade of ASEAN member states. Humanity Publications Head of Department, Department of Social Sciences and Business Management, The Millennium Universal Colleges, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Iqra University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Management Consultant OIRRC, CA, USA. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/panel-analysis-of-aseans-intraregional-trade-dynamics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Imperialistic Approach Of Pakistani Electronic Media: Case Study Of Express Entertainment Farrukh Nazir Arshad Ali Muhammad Farooq Express Entertainment; Prohibited Content; Imperialistic Approach; Frequency This research work was carried out in continuation of some previous researches in Pakistan on inclusion of social taboos in televised contents. The main objective was to set up a phenomenon of imperialism as television channels are becoming habitual in inclusion of social prohibited contents in their transmissions. The study resulted that offensive attitude, nudity and sexual elements were the major part of Express Entertainment televised contents. It was further resulted that unlawful marital status and drug addiction remained always been a part of its contents. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Center for Media and Communication Studies,University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Imperialistic-Approach-Of-Pakistani-Electronic-Media-Case-Study-Of-Express-Entertainment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Transition from a Command to a Market Economy: Is Kazakhstan a Success Story in terms of Economic Performance? Shaukat Hussain Javed Iqbal Zulfaqar Ali Chughtai Transition Market economy Reforms Economic Freedom Kazakhstan has made considerable progress in shifting from command to a market economy. The transition process towards a “market economy was expected to enhance the economic performance” of the country which in turn was anticipated to uplift the life of a common man. This study, therefore, aims“ to examine the impact of economic freedom on economic growth” of Kazakhstan. The results indicate that though the reform process of Kazakhstan is in a transition phase, yet economic freedom has contributed positively“ towards the economic growth” of the country.“The results also indicate that in sub-indicators of economic freedom, monetary freedom” and protection of property right have contributed to the growth of Kazakhstans economy while an increase in government size impedes the economic growth of the country." Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of International Relations,Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor,School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of International Relations, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Transition-from-a-Command-to-a-Market-Economy-Is-Kazakhstan-a-Success-Story-in-terms-of-Economic-Performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Spatial Interdependence in Efficiency of Private Hospitals in Pakistan Saima Bashir Private Hospitals Efficiency SFA Spatial Dependence Competition Pakistan A major health policy concern is the presence of inefficiencies in health care provision. This study estimates the technical efficiency for ambulatory services and inpatients care in private sector hospitals in Pakistan. Efficiency scores for the sample hospitals, estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis, are aggregated at the regional (district) level to identify the existence of spatial interdependence. The results from the spatial analysis suggest that efficiency has a positive spillover for outpatient care in small hospitals. Big hospitals, however, show inconsistent results. We concluded that small hospitals compete in outpatients with the motive of profit maximization. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Economics, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Spatial-Interdependence-in-Efficiency-of-Private-Hospitals-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Short Run and Long Run Association of Macro-Economic Indicators with Stock Market: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Market Raza Ullah Shah Kashif Saleem Faizan Malik Interest rate Exchange rate inflation Share Prices. Stock markets are of prime importance for the stability and boosting of an economy; its development and formation of capital. An active and stable stock market induces effective and successful organizations. The stability of stock markets is always disturbed by fluctuations in certain macroeconomic variables. This study is an endeavor to find out the effect of these variables on the Pakistan stock exchange index both on long term as well as short term bases. Statistical tests were applied on the quarterly time series data from January 2004 to December 2018. The results of the study show that there is negative association among the rate of inflation and share price while the stock prices have positive association with exchange rate and rate of interest. Findings of this study could help the investors to gain positive returns from investment in stock market. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences,Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Short-Run-and-Long-Run-Association-of-Macro-Economic-Indicators-with-Stock-Market-Evidence-from-Pakistan-Stock-Market https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies for Academic Materials: A Study of Undergraduate Students in Pakistan Asma Shahid Kazi Shagufta Moghal Zoobia Asad Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) Non-Native Speakers of English Reading Strategies T-Test Undergraduate Students. Metacognitive awareness of reading strategies measures how readers of a text engage with it and think about their own reading processes. This paper presents the findings of a descriptive study on the metacognitive awareness of reading strategy use on the undergraduate students of Lahore, Pakistan. The study makes use of the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI), which is a selfreport instrument, and has 30 items on a 5-point Likert scale; it was administered to 500 public and private sector universities students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed for analysis through the use of SPSS, version 22. The results reported that problem-solving and support strategies are equally preferred over global strategies. Results of the t-test revealed that students from the public sector demonstrate greater strategy awareness than those from the private sector in all the subscales of MARSI, while no overall significant difference between Humanities and Sciences was found. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Professional Studies,Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of Professional Studies,Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Metacognitive-Awareness-of-Reading-Strategies-for-Academic-Materials-A-Study-of-Undergraduate-Students-in-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies on Eighth Grade Students' Motivation for Learning English Umm e Habiba Tahira Batool Sayeda Ayesha Self-regulated learning Motivation Achievement This was proposed to investigate the effect of self-regulated learning strategies on students’ motivation for learning English. This was an experimental research. Intact group pretest and posttest of design was utilized for data collection. Intact groups (experimental and control) of student studying in eighth class were selected voluntarily. Experimental group was taught with SRL strategies and control group was taught with traditional strategy. In order to measure students’ motivation to learn English, data was collected at start and end of the study. Independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test was applied to compare the mean scores of control group and experimental group. It was found that SRL strategies had no significant effect on students’ motivation. In the light of above findings, it was recommended for the further research to examine the effect of SRL strategies on students’ motivation to learn on larger experimental population of various grades. Humanity Publications Elementary School Teacher,Education Department,Government Girls Elementary School Nawabpura, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Research and Evaluation Department,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Elementary School Teacher,Education Department, City District Girls High School Herbanspura, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effect-of-Self-Regulated-Learning-Strategies-on-Eighth-Grade-Students-Motivation-for-Learning-English https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Achieving Organizational Innovation Through HR bundling: A Contingency and Contextual Perspective in the Oil Marketing Sector of Pakistan Muhammad Sohail Shazia Akhtar HR Bundle Contingency Contextual Organizational Innovation Oil Marketing. This paper empirically investigates the impact of the HR bundle on organizational innovation with the mediation effect of talent management in the oil marketing sector of Pakistan. The paper undertakes the quantitative analysis through a stratified random sample of 250 respondents, which undergone through various statistical analysis techniques. Finding depicts the positive significant relation of HR bundle on organizational innovation with the mediation effect of talent management. The findings allow managers to attain organizational innovation by contextual and contingency base HR bundling and talent management. The results contribute to the selection of relevant bundle that enables them to be innovative in the oil marketing sector of Pakistan. The major limitation of the paper is, it only considers the oil marketing sector but providing the theoretical foundation for future researches in another sector as well. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Management Sciences, SZABIST Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Prof,Management Sciences,SZABIST Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Achieving-Organizational-Innovation-Through-HR-bundling-A-Contingency-and-Contextual-Perspective-in-the-Oil-Marketing-Sector-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Reintegration of Returnee Migrants: A Case Study of Neo-Citizenry in Potohar Region of Pakistan Mahwish Zeeshan Aneela Sultana Neo-citizenry Migrants Re-integration Returnee migrants Transnational. In the current world scenario, migration and dual nationality are no more uncommon phenomena. Globalization has given optimism and opportunities to the industrious individuals in the borderless world. This study is focused on the issues of those dual nationals who repatriate to their land of origin. The data was gathered qualitatively using descriptive methodology from Potohar; Bewal, Gulyana, and Gujar Khan. Rapport establishment and use of key informants helped to gain entry into the field. Observations and interview methods were gauged in the study. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were used as tools of research. The data collection process took place over a span of six months. Findings suggested that repatriation led to a transformation in post-migration residence, acquisition of a neo citizenry in a socio-cultural context, trans-nationality, role reversals and crisis pertaining to neo-identity, socio-psychological issues and preservation of cultural ties at familial, group, community and national level Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Anthropology,Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Anthropology,Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Reintegration-of-Returnee-Migrants-A-Case-Study-of-Neo-Citizenry-in-Potohar-Region-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of Accreditation in Assuring the Quality of Teacher Education Programs: Exploring the Case of an Underdeveloped Country Hina Jalal Muhammad Ayub Buzdar Bushra Naoreen Teacher Education Program Quality Accreditation NACTE Higher Education This study examined the effectiveness of an accreditation mechanism for teacher education exclusively with a fragile higher education system in Pakistan. A quantitative research method was employed. Using the stratified technique, 614 participants from 24 higher education institutions were selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data from participants. The findings revealed that the standards of national accreditation council for teacher education (NACTE) cannot win wide acceptability and support of educators. The accreditation mechanism in Pakistan has emerged less effective in meeting standards of imparting modern, relevant and quality teacher education in the country. A comparative perspective to explore the factors affecting the effectiveness of accreditation in assuring quality teacher education in an academically underdeveloped country Pakistan is discussed at the end of this article. This study provides essentialities of accreditation in teacher education programs. It carries the value of graduate attributes that is a brand image in the quality of teacher education program development. Humanity Publications Student,Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effectiveness-of-Accreditation-in-Assuring-the-Quality-of-Teacher-Education-Programs-Exploring-the-Case-of-an-Underdeveloped-Country https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Study of Socio-Economic Background and its Effect on the Ability of English Reading Skills at Secondary School Level Shehla Sheikh Allah Noor Khan Mazhar Gul Socio Economic Background Effect Reading Skills The study aims to see the effect of the socio-economic background of learners on their language skills of 9th class students in public sector schools in southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Stratified simple random sampling technique was adopted following Krejcie and Morgan rule and 379 respondents were consulted for data collection. Two valid and reliable instruments were applied, first, the socioeconomic status scale and then test were conducted for finding ability in reading skills i.e. comprehension, fluency, identification of adverb, to skim and to scan the passages. Data was analyzed through mean; for checking the outcome of SE background on the reading skills, the mean of means was calculated. The students who have a supportive environment at home for English performed better in test scores of comprehension, fluency, adverb identification, skimming and scanning. The study recommends that students may be supported at home for polishing their reading skills. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar,Institute of Education and Research,Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Education and Research,Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Kp, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Preston University, Kohat, Kp, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Study-of-Socio-Economic-Background-and-its-Effect-on-the-Ability-of-English-Reading-Skills-at-Secondary-School-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social and Economic Empowerment of Women in the Age of Digital Literacy: A Case Study of Pakistan, Islamabad- Rawalpindi Sohima Anzak Aneela Sultana Digital Era Digital Literacy Empowerment Entrepreneurship Women. The augmented usage of digital technology, predominantly mobile ownership, has significantly altered the ways of doing the thing. The digital era with the internet-connected world is creating new venues for social and economic development, with efficiency in digital literacy for participation. The present article explores the digital literacy skills of women that enables them to be active members of the digital world. It also investigates the challenges, self-learning, and financial constraints among other few, which women face while acquiring these skills. The qualitative research is conducted in Islamabad and Rawalpindi using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study indicated that 83% of women have learnt digital skills informally and yet these help them in strengthening their social networks, managing daily affairs regarding their personal life and most significantly being engaged in entrepreneurship from digital forums. This successful use of digital technology has contributed to their social and economic empowerment. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam university, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam university, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Social-and-Economic-Empowerment-of-Women-in-the-Age-of-Digital-Literacy-A-Case-Study-of-Pakistan-Islamabad-Rawalpindi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Neo-Mitchellian Approach to Understanding Stakeholders Relationships in Organizations Anjeela Khurram Shahzad Khurram Muhammad Naeem Stakeholders Salience Attributes Managers Multiple Case Study Mitchell et al. (1997) proposed that stakeholder salience is directly proportional to the number of attributes of salience—power, legitimacy and urgency—as perceived by managers. However, till date, researchers have differences about these attributes as determinants of salience. To resolve these differences and to precisely specify the attributes that make a stakeholder salient in the eyes of managers we attempted to gain deeper insights into this phenomenon. For this purpose, we employed multiple case study strategy in a purely quantitative treatment—a unique mix. Our findings suggest that the attributes as conceived by Mitchell et al. (1997) are quite broad and general. Managers identify salient stakeholders based on specific types of these and few other attributes. We found that stakeholders that possess utilitarian power, influence legitimacy, criticality and organized proximity are attended by the managers. Humanity Publications Research Scholar,Department of RITM,University of Paris Saclay, Paris. Assistant Professor,Department of Air University School of Management,Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Business Administration,Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Neo-Mitchellian-Approach-to-Understanding-Stakeholders-Relationships-in-Organizations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Patterns of Code-Switching in Pashto-English Bilingual Data Arshad Ali Khan Muhammad Anees Ghani Rahman Alternation Congruent Lexicalization Insertion Patterns of code Switching Morphosyntactic Constraints. This study investigated the most dominant patterns of code switching in Pashto English bilingual data. The data was collected in the form of a semi-structured interview and analyzed in the light of the framework of the Matrix Language Frame model. The study found out that insertion is the dominant pattern of code switching. The Embedded Language noun was the most prevalent switched element in the morpho-syntax frame of Matrix Language. The second most embedded language insertion in the matrix language was the English nonfinite verbs in Pashto light verb construction. The Embedded language island was the third most dominant pattern. The switched elements in the bare DP and the bilingual VP are content words following the Morpheme Order and System Morpheme principles of Pashto. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English,Govt College, Peshawar, Kp, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, Kp, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Patterns-of-Code-Switching-in-Pashto-English-Bilingual-Data https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Fisher Hypothesis in the Stock Market: An Alternative Specification Surayya Mukhtar Abdul Rashid Fisher Hypothesis Stock Market Inflation General to Specific Technique. The stock market plays a pivotal role in the sustainable development of an economy. Fishers hypothesis in the stock market specifies that stock returns are directly linked to the rate of inflation. The objective of this paper is to explore this relationship using panel dataset for 56 countries from 1950-2018 and applying general to a specific technique for above-average Money Supply/GDP countries and below-average Money Supply/GDP countries separately and for different income group countries i.e. high-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, and lower-middle-income countries. Our analysis indicates that the Fisher hypothesis holds in the world economies except for lower-middle-income countries but it holds in its weak form. Humanity Publications Lecturer Economics,Department of Economics,International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Economics,International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Fisher-Hypothesis-in-the-Stock-Market-An-Alternative-Specification https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Influence of Environmental Factors and Access to Financial Capital on the Link Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs Performance: A Case from Pakistan Muhammad Fayaz Shams Ur Rahman Abdur Rauf Entrepreneurial Orientation Firm Performance Access to Financial Capital Environmental Factor Small and Medium Enterprise This paper is an attempt to explore the buffering role of environmental factors and access to financial capital on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and SMEs performance relationship in Pakistan. The population of the study consists of all the SMEs that are operated in KPK, Pakistan. We select the sample from the Peshawar division, which includes three districts i.e. Peshawar, Charssada and Nowshehra. The study used a multistage cluster sampling technique. Through this technique, the study finally selects the 254 organization from the selected population. The managerial levels employees of SMEs were the respondents of the study and the responses were gathered through a structure questionnaire. The study found a significant positive relationship between EO and firm SMEs performance. It is also found that the relationship between EO and SMEs performance is moderated by access to financial capital. Furthermore, EF did not affect the relationship. Humanity Publications IBMS,Agriculture University Peshawar,KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBMS,Agriculture University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics,Abbotabad University, Haveleian, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Influence-of-Environmental-Factors-and-Access-to-Financial-Capital-on-the-Link-Between-Entrepreneurial-Orientation-and-SMEs-Performance-A-Case-from-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assumptions of Making a Good Deal with Bad Person: Empirical Evidence on Strong Form Market Efficiency Taqadus Bashir Kanwal Iqbal Khan Saima Urooge Capital Market Efficiency Strong form Efficiency Emerging Markets Dividend Announcements Insider Trading. Behavioral finance challenged paradigms of standard finance by questioning rationality assumptions posed by market efficiency that had been a focal point for researches in finance and economics. This study aimed to test Strong-Form Efficient Market Hypothesis by employing data from emerging Stock Markets of Pakistan before its amalgamation and applied a different methodology. Firms were tested upon data availability and accordingly, ten firms were selected out of sixteen further for usability criteria of data. A part of the current study also validates the usefulness of dividend announcements for valuing the stock of KSE listed firms and suggested utilizing it in stock price revision. The market was found weak and strong form inefficient whereas the hypothesis for semi-strong form sustained overall Humanity Publications Associate Professor,Department of Business Studies,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assitant Professor,Institute Of Business & Management,University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Economics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Assumptions-of-Making-a-Good-Deal-with-Bad-Person-Empirical-Evidence-on-Strong-Form-Market-Efficiency https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Topicalization in Pashto Ghani Rahman Muhammad Anees Arshad Ali Khan Grammatical Function Information Status Pashto Topicalization. The present study is concerned with the phenomenon of topicalization in Pashto. It analyzed the information status of the referents in a sentence and their grammatical functions. The study is another contribution after the work of Roberts (2000) and Rahman (2014). The study was descriptive in nature and it found out the relationship between subject and topic in a sentence. The grammatical function of the subject and the topic were found out coincidentally occurring with the topic of the sentence. Both the subject and topic were found out commonly appearing at the initial position of the sentence. If the topic was any other constituent than the subject, then topicalization happened. The topicalized element is moved to the second or initial position of the sentence. Word order is determined by the information status of the referents where the topic comes first followed by the focused constituents, if not overruled by intonational prominence. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English,Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer,Department of English, Govt college, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Linguistics,UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Topicalization-in-Pashto https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Advertising Appeals and Consumers Buying Intention: The Role of Emotional and Rational Appeals Arif Hussain Gohar Saleem Parvaiz Shams Ur Rehman Advertising Appeals (AA) Emotional advertising appeals (EAA) Rational Advertising Appeals (RAA) Consumer’s Buying Intention (CBI). Advertising appeals play an important role in the effectiveness of advertising to attract or grasp consumer buying intention. This study is based on the differential effect of advertising appeals on consumers buying intentions. The results of the study show that advertising appeals have strong impact on consumers buying intention. All the hypothesis of the study was positive and significant. The results of this study are helpful in decision making for the corporate sector to develop and effectively use the ideas of advertising appeals for the promotion of a particular brand Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department Management Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Business Administration,Northern University Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Advertising-Appeals-and-Consumers-Buying-Intention-The-Role-of-Emotional-and-Rational-Appeals https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Relationship between Quality Culture and Core Practices of Quality Management System and their Direct and Indirect Effects on Organizational Performance Khurram Rehmani Afshan Naseem Yasir Ahmad Quality Culture Quality Management Core Practices Organizational Performance This research work empirically assesses the relationship between the Quality Culture (QC) practices and core practices of Quality Management System (QMS) and investigates their direct and indirect influences on organizational performance. Data for this research work is collected from 80 Technical Services Organizations of Pakistan through mail survey and the proposed framework and hypotheses have been examined through Structural Equation Modelling. The results of hypotheses show that synergies among QCPractices have a positive impact on QMS-Core practices as well as organizational performance. Moreover, QMSCore practices mediate the relationship between QC-Practices and organizational performance. This empirically validated model can be used as a benchmark by future researchers for further examinations in other industries sectors, especially in manufacturing. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Engineering Management,NUST, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering Management,NUST, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Engineering Management,NUST, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Relationship-between-Quality-Culture-and-Core-Practices-of-Quality-Management-System-and-their-Direct-and-Indirect-Effects-on-Organizational-Performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Association of Selected Learning Styles and Academic Achievement at Post Graduate Level Uzma Shahzadi Ashfaque Ahmad Shah Syeda Zunaira Fatima CGPA Learning Style Auditory Perceptual Kinesthetic Tactile The study aimed at finding out the association between selected learning styles (LS) and academic achievement (CGPA) of postgraduate learners in the faculty of social sciences. The study was quantitative. The population of the study was postgraduate learners enrolled in the fourth semester of the social sciences faculty at the University of Sargodha. The sample was drawn using random sampling technique from five social sciences departments. The sample size was three hundred. The questionnaire was comprised of 60 items on a five-point Likert scale Cronbach alpha calculated for reliability of the questionnaire and it was.84. Academic achievement was measured while accessing the CGPA of learners. It was found that mostly learners use auditory learning style (ALS) in the social sciences and there is a strong association of auditory style of learning and CGPA. The study has ultimate, implications for classroom planning, organizing and teaching at postgraduate level. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Association-of-Selected-Learning-Styles-and-Academic-Achievement-at-Post-Graduate-Level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Do US News and Volatility in Exchange Rate Exposure Matter (Empirical Evidence from Emerging Economies) Rana Shahid Imdad Akash Kashif Hamid Iqbal Mahmood Exchange rate EGARCH US News Impact Curve Volatility. This study is aimed to examine the impact of US News and exchange rate exposure on emerging economies of Pakistan, China, Turkey and Iran. Daily exchange rates have been used for the period Jan 1, 2003 to Dec 31, 2018 to identify the volatility in exchange rate exposure due to news effect. US News is modeled with variance equation respectively for each country exchange rate. GARCH (1,1) by Bollerslev (1986), and EGARCH (1,1) by Nelson (1991) models have been used to estimate the volatility of exchange rate dynamics. Results indicate that impact of US News is significantly positive on the exchange rate of Pakistan and China and the results of US news impact on Turkey and Iran are insignificant. Present study is helpful for investors, financial analysts and economic decision makers for understanding the changing dynamics of exchange rate volatility. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,School of Business Management,NFC-IEFR, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Management Sciences,University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Government College of Commerce, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Do-US-News-and-Volatility-in-Exchange-Rate-Exposure-Matter-Empirical-Evidence-from-Emerging-Economies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Redefining Quality Education: A Missing Entrepreneurship Perspective! Gohar Saleem Parvaiz Arif Hussain Shams Ur Rehman Entrepreneurship Quality Education Value for Money Transformation Fitness for Purpose This paper establishes a theoretical lens through which funding bodies can see the effectiveness of an entrepreneurial education program, from the perspective of institutional accountability. In this regard, quality notions; exception, fitness for purpose, perfection, transformation, and value for money are put to the investigation during semi-structured interviews. The interviewed data were analyzed qualitatively by employing discourse analysis. The findings of the research suggest that the notion of quality in the entrepreneurship program is a blend of value for money and transformation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Management Science, Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration,Northern University Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Redefining-Quality-Education-A-Missing-Entrepreneurship-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Loan Accessibility on Working Capital Management and Profitability: Comparative Study of Family Versus Non-Family Firms Kanwal Iqbal Khan Adeel Nasir Aniqa Arslan Financial Constraints Working Capital Management Firm Profitability Investment Decisions Loan Accessibility Family Firms Sustainable Growth his study is conducted to identify the direction of the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance of the non-financial sector of Pakistan from 2009 till 2018. This has also looked at the effect of restricted access to loan on the WCM- Profitability relationship. The findings confirmed that restricted loan accessibility impacts the WCM-Profitability relationship. The comparative analysis demonstrated that financially constrained firms are mostly non-family firms that are new, growing, smaller in size, face high risk, maintain high liquidity and tangibility ratios than non-constrained firms. Further, the working capital levels of financially constraint firms is lower because of high operating expenses and greater capital rationing. Managers and scholars may use these findings for the administration of their working capital policies in order to avoid the financial cost and create more opportunities for financial accessibility which is further beneficial for making informed investment decisions, yielding higher profits that contribute towards sustainable growth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management,University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Management Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road , Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Karachi, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Loan-Accessibility-on-Working-Capital-Management-and-Profitability-Comparative-Study-of-Family-Versus-Non-Family-Firms https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analysis of the Competency Reading and Thinking Skills in Grade VIII English Textbook Sana Baig Aishah Siddiquah Fareeha Javed Reading and Thinking Skills Competency (C) Standards (S) Benchmarks (B) Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) English Textbook Grade VIII This research aimed at analysing the Grade VIII English textbook of Punjab Textbook Board against one of the five competencies, the Reading and Thinking skills and identifying the satisfaction level of Grade 8 students with their textbook for the fulfilment of this competency. The main parameters of the content analysis were Competency (C), Standards (S), Benchmarks (B) and SLOs. The data was collected through content analysis (of the textbook) and survey questionnaire. The student satisfaction level was measured with the help of an instrument comprising 10 statements on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire respondents were 1440 students of Grade VIII studying in public schools of Lahore. The results of content analysis and student survey showed that the textbook partly meets the requirements related to the selected competency. It is therefore recommended that the English textbook of grade VIII should be updated in congruence with the SLOs of the selected competency. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Research and Evaluation,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punja... Assistant Professor,Department of Research and Evaluation,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,TESOL Department,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punja... 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Analysis-of-the-Competency-Reading-and-Thinking-Skills-in-Grade-VIII-English-Textbook https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Teacher Effectiveness and Student Attitude on Students Academic Achievement in Science Subjects in the Secondary Schools of Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan) Zameer Ahmad Zafar Saleem Khalid Rehman Teacher Behavior; Student Attitudes: Academic Performance; Science Subject This study was conducted to find the influence of teachers effectiveness and students attitude on students academic achievement in science subjects at secondary school of district Dera-IsmailKhan. An important aim of the study was to explore the impact of teachers effectiveness and students academic performance on the subject of science. A multi-stage and stratified random sampling technique was used for data collection. The survey questionnaire was used. A standardized questionnaire was used and this questionnaire was also validated. A normality test was applied to normalize all variables. Reliability was checked through Cronbach Alpha and it was found in the range given by (Pallant, 2010). The data-was-collected-from teacher at the secondary school level. The hypothetical influence was tested using simple regression. The teachers effectiveness was found significantly on students academic achievement as β=0.727 p<0.05. Similarly, the influence of students attitude found significantly positive on students academic achievement as β=0.616 p<0.05. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Education,Qurtuba University D. I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Qurtuba University D. I. Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of IBA,Gomal University D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impact-of-Teacher-Effectiveness-and-Student-Attitude-on-Students-Academic-Achievement-in-Science-Subjects-in-the-Secondary-Schools-of-Dera-Ismail-Khan-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Teachers Humanistic Role Regarding Students Guidance Azmat Ullah Malik Amer Atta Muhammad Ayaz Teachers Guidance Students Humanistic Approach This study was conducted to explore and compare perceptions of Subject Specialist Teachers about their role as a humanistic student guide. Subject specialists were taken from 28 male and 13 female higher secondary schools situated in Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. As per the data analysis, it was concluded that most of the teachers did not possess proper awareness f a humanistic approach for the guidance of the student. Student guidance was almost absent due to lack of skills, resources, time specification for the purpose of the school administration and expertise. It was noticed that the situation in female higher secondary schools was almost the same as it was noted in the male schools as no significant difference of perception was found among male and female teachers. There was a need for proper training, and provision of resources for an appropriate guidance of the students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Institute of Education and Research,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Chairman,Department of Education and Research,The University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Teachers-Humanistic-Role-Regarding-Students-Guidance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Role of Enterprise Education and Training in the Performance of Small Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from West Midlands (United Kingdom) Fahad Sultan Syed Haider Khalil Syed Mohsin Ali Shah Enterprise educating Enterprise Training Small business Performance United Kingdom. Enterprise education and training play a pivotal role in bridging workforce skills and improving the performance of small businesses. Considering the significant role of small businesses, this study attempts to investigate how small manufacturing units improve their performance using training methods. Therefore, for this study mixed-method approach was adopted to find the relationship between both variables. In the first part of the methodology, face to face, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with business owners and managers. Furthermore, survey questionnaires were carried out to find the relationship between both variables. For a mixed-method approach, 26 owners/managers were interviewed, and 136 respondents were identified from food and furniture manufacturing units with several employees who comes on the definition of small firms. The results of the study confirm in small firms positively impacted the individual performance and overall non-financial turnover of employees. The study concludes with future recommendations for academicians and policymakers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Institute of Business Studies and Leadership,Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Role-of-Enterprise-Education-and-Training-in-the-Performance-of-Small-Manufacturing-Firms-Evidence-from-West-Midlands-United-Kingdom https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Relationships of Positive and Negative Organizational Behaviors (OB) with the Productivity of Engineering Students Humayun Sattar Tasweer Hussain Syed Codebook Thematic Analysis Engineering Students Organizational Behaviors Workaholism. This study explores the relationships between positive and negative Organizational Behaviors and Workaholism; and the relationship of these OBs with productivity and gender of engineering students in Pakistan. Most of the researchers have studied OBs among faculty or administrative staff in universities. The study of these behaviors among students is a new area. An eight-stage innovative qualitative codebook thematic analysis was used to analyze semi-structured interviews from 22 faculty members to explore the relationships of OBs with productivity and gender of engineering students. A comprehensive model of relationships between OCB, DB, WA, and the productivity of engineering students has been built which was previously missing from contemporary literature. Gender has also been found to have a relationship with various behaviors. The findings here are important for practitioners and scholars for a better understanding of the relationship of OBs with the productivity of engineering students, to enhance their productivity through the promotion of desired behaviors. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar,Department of Engineering Management,National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Engineering Management,National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Exploring-Relationships-of-Positive-and-Negative-Organizational-Behaviors-OB-with-the-Productivity-of-Engineering-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Moratorium or Achievement: Identity Statuses in Mohsin Hamids The Reluctant Fundamentalist Ayesha Perveen Nadia Anwar Identity Achievement Identity Moratorium Islam Pakistan Sense of Belonging Fundamental. The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007) traces the evolution of Changezs sense of belonging by encompassing a substantial part of his life odyssey, ranging from his movement to the US for higher studies to his disillusionment and redirection of fundamental desires. This study explores those transformative stages that help shape his identity. For this purpose, James Marcias theory of identity achievement has been used as a theoretical framework. Marcia (1980) contends that certain situations and events (called crises) act as catalysts to prompt identity moratorium. The internal conflict caused by such catalysts stimulates adolescents to probe into their beliefs, goals and values. Changez also encounters the four statuses described by Marcia i.e., identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium and final achievement. Consequently, a refraction in his sense of belonging takes place - from love for American exceptionalism to love for Pakistan and Islam (Morey, 2011). This study evaluates the level of identity achievement in Changez as a result of this refraction Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English & Literary Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab,Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English and Literary Studies,University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Moratorium-or-Achievement-Identity-Statuses-in-Mohsin-Hamids-The-Reluctant-Fundamentalist https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Conceptualization of Numbers, Number Operations, and Algebra among 10th and 11th Grade Students Namirah Aslam Aishah Siddiquah Mobeen Ul Islam Whole Numbers Number Operations Integers Rational Numbers Algebra Error Analysis Mathematical Thinking. The current study explores the conceptual understanding of secondary level students in mathematics. The participants were 1320 students of 10th grade and 180 students of 11th grade randomly selected from 33 public secondary and 17 higher secondary schools of Lahore. The article describes the performance of students on six grade 1-7 level questions related to numbers, number operations, and algebra. One question was knowledge level and rest five were analysis level questions. Four questions were related to Knowledge of primary level Content and Students that required participants to analyze the error or explanations related to the problem. The other two questions were related to middle school content knowledge. The questions were adapted from Hill et. al. (2004)s instrument of Study of Instructional Improvement (SII). The success rate of students was ranging from 52.8 to 63.8 % on six questions and from 22 to 73.5 % on 15 sub-questions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Research and Evaluation, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Research and Evaluation,Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Conceptualization-of-Numbers-Number-Operations-and-Algebra-among-10th-and-11th-Grade-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Syllable Structure of Pakistani English in Phonological Theory Umaima Kamran Saira Maqbool Lubna Umar Pakistani English Syllable Structure Syllabification Phonotactics Syllable Weight Syllabic This article describes the syllable of Pakistani English (PE. It compares the syllable of PE with British English, in the light of concepts of syllabic (Chomsky and Halle, 1968), syllabification, template, syllable pattern, model of syllable structure, phonotactics and syllable weight. In the end, the following differences in syllabic phonology of PE and British English are summarized: In phonotactic constraints, one difference is found that is in the syllable of PE cluster of three consonants i.e. /s/, /p or t or k/, /l or r/ is allowed only in monosyllabic words, whereas word internally this cluster is not permissible. So, [ek.sklIUd] becomes [eks.klIUd] in PE; the weight of the syllable in PE is not only based on the quality of vowel but also the quality of consonant; in PE every syllable must contain vowel as a nucleus. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English Language and Applied Linguistics,Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Syllable-Structure-of-Pakistani-English-in-Phonological-Theory https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Organizational Environment in Reducing the Effect of Techno-Stress on Work Behavior of the University Teachers Abid Ali Khan Asif Jamil Khuda Bakhsh Organizational Environment Techno-Stress Work Behavior University Teachers This research determines the role of the Organizational Environment in reducing the effects of the Techno-Stress on Work Behavior of the University Teachers. The quantitative research method was followed whereas descriptive research design for being the most befitting in these kinds of investigations was opted for reaching certain findings and drawing the conclusions. The study was conducted on 394 university teachers appointed in various public sector Universities situated in the province of Punjab. A scheduled questionnaire built on a five-point Likert scale was used for gathering required data, whereas, in addition to descriptive analysis, inferential analysis of the collected data was done using t-test, correlation, and regression. Results of the study revealed that a significant correlation among the organizational environment and techno-stress prevails, whereas the analyzed data affirmed a significant effect of the techno-stress on the work behavior of the University Teachers. Humanity Publications PhDScholar, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Education,Qurtuba University of Science & Technology, DIKhan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Organizational-Environment-in-Reducing-the-Effect-of-Techno-Stress-on-Work-Behavior-of-the-University-Teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating Cognitive Engagement of Eighth Graders in Mathematics Classrooms Tahira Batool Sofia Akhtar cognitive engagement eight graders mathematics classrooms The main objective of the study was to analyze the association of mathematics achievement and cognitive engagement at the school level. The research was followed by a quantitative research method following a survey by administering a questionnaire on sampled 300 students for data collection. Half of them were male students and the other half were female students in District Lahore. Data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics. The researcher has used two instruments first one mathematics achievement test and second students cognitive engagement in mathematic. The sample was selected by convenient sampling technique. The study revealed that students level of association of engagement and achievement was high. The study also revealed that gender difference exists in students mathematics achievement and students cognitive engagement. The study was also found a positive and strong relationship between students deep level strategies used in mathematics with achievement. This study recommends that the gender difference in mathematics achievement needs attention. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Research and Evaluation, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Dy.DEO (W-EE), Depalpur. Education Department,Government School Education Department, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Investigating-Cognitive-Engagement-of-Eighth-Graders-in-Mathematics-Classrooms https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship between Teachers Classroom Management Skills and Students Academic Achievements at Secondary level in Southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Gul Andaz Khan Rahmat Ullah Shah Safdar Rahman Ghazi Management Skills School Classroom Academic Achievement he major purpose of this study was to investigate “Relationship between Teachers Classroom Management Skills and Students Academic Achievements at Secondary level districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,” All government secondary schools of southern district were constituting the population of the study and all teachers and students of the secondary schools were also included in the population of the study. From each district, eight schools were selected as a sample from which four schools were male and four schools were female. From each school, five teachers and 20 students were selected as a sample or respondents in this way 280 teachers and 1120 students were selected as a sample of the study. The sample of the study was finalized by using the John Curry formula. The collected data was entered into SPSS version 23 for treatment. According to the nature of the objectives of the study T. Test, Pearsons correlation was used. Humanity Publications Ph.d Scholar,Institute of Education & Research,University of Science & Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Institute of Education & Research,University of Science & Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Assistant professor,Institute of Education & Research,University of Science & Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Relationship-between-Teachers-Classroom-Management-Skills-and-Students-Academic-Achievements-at-Secondary-level-in-Southern-Districts-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa,-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparison of Public, Private Schools and Deeni Madaris Students Regarding Respect as Moral Adjustment in Society Mati Ullah Khan Allahnoor Khan Muhammad Saqib Khan Respect Comparison Public Private Schools and Deeni Madaris Moral Adjustment Society. Respect means due regard for the rights of others, wishes and feelings on the behalf of their achievements, qualities and abilities. The study was cross-sectional in nature. The population comprised of principals, teachers, parents and students of all Public, Private schools and Deena Madras of Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The key purpose of the study was to compare Public, Private schools and Deeni Madaris students regarding respect as a moral adjustment in society. The total numbers of (n=1500) respondents including “Principals, Teachers, Parents and Students” were taken as a sample through L.R. Gay Size rule of thumb. Convenient, stratified, simple random and disproportionate sampling techniques were used to gather data from the respondents. A statement regarding respect was developed on the six points following Likert type scale. Data was statistically analyzed through SPSS by using frequency and one-way ANOVA that provide important information for policymakers and the stakeholders. Results and conclusions were drawn. It was concluded that respect. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar,Institute of Education & Research,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education & Research,Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Business Administration,Gomal University, Dear Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Comparison-of-Public,-Private-Schools-and-Deeni-Madaris-Students-Regarding-Respect-as-Moral-Adjustment-in-Society https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Media Agenda on War against Terrorism: An Analysis of British Newspapers Aasima Safdar Samia Manzoor Beenish Zaheen War against terrorism the guardian The Independent thematic analysis agenda setting 9/11 attacks The war against terrorism was started by the Bush administration after the attacks of September 11th . In this context, America attacked Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 alongside British forces and NATO allies. The present article explored the agenda of the British press regarding War against Terrorism in British press. The study conducted thematic analysis of two mainstream British daily newspapers i.e. The Guardian and The Independent. The standpoint of the British press was inferred to find out either they supported the government stance or they adopted a critical viewpoint regarding these two wars. The results indicated that the British press advised their government to adopt responsible approach to deal with the crisis. Mostly, the issues related to terrorism, Al-Qaeda, US policies and British role in the war against terrorism dominated the news agenda of the British newspapers. The press stressed on the strong role of UNO during the war against terrorism. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Communication Studies,Bahuaddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication Studies,Bahuaddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication,The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Media-Agenda-on-War-against-Terrorism:-An-Analysis-of-British-Newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Need Analysis of School Management Information System for Public Schools in Punjab (Pakistan) Jahangir Afzal Muhammad Tanveer Afzal School MIS management information system SMIS SIMS The research was designed to identify and analyze the need for School MIS at secondary and higher secondary school levels in Punjab. Three separate questionnaires were developed for school principals, teachers and parents. The population of the study was the principals, teachers and parent members of the school councils of public schools. Punjab has 36 districts and the study was delimited to 12 districts selected randomly. A 10% sample from each of twelve districts was taken. Findings of the study indicated that there is no type of school-based MIS available in public schools and there is a dire need of school-based MIS to easily record and retrieve information. It was concluded that school efficiency cannot be improved significantly without introducing school-based MIS in public schools of Punjab Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Planning,Policy Studies and Leadership (EPPSL), Allama Iqbal OpenUniversity Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Science Education,Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Need-Analysis-of-School-Management-Information-System-for-Public-Schools-in-Punjab-(Pakistan) https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating Quality of Induction Training of Novice Teachers in Punjab Adila Khanam Asghar Ali Asia Zulfqar Quality Training Induction Training Elementary School Teachers Punjab Trainings are offered to all level of teachers at different phases of their careers. There are empirical foundations that these trainings have major impacts on the quality of teachers and resultantly on the quality of education. The study was conducted to investigate the quality of the induction training for elementary teachers of QAED, Punjab as perceived by the participants of the training. This study focused on teachers who received induction training in 2017. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were applied conclude. The newly-inducted teacher stated that the training was aligned with their professional needs. They were satisfied with the quality of physical and learning facilities, the subject matter knowledge, and the overall quality of training. They like training design, duration of training sessions, course content, finally, effective follow up of the training were the major findings if the study. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Division of Education,University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Investigating-Quality-of-Induction-Training-of-Novice-Teachers-in-Punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Exploratory Case Study of Non-Entrepreneurs (Thematic Analysis) Muhammad Furqan Ashraf Babak Mahmood Mudassar Mushtaq Non-entrepreneurs lack of entrepreneurship knowledge and understanding family involvement in career selection lack of personal desire and will family business self-efficacy culture Non-entrepreneur refers to a person who is non-actor and absent from entrepreneurial actions and not making intention towards entrepreneurship. An exploratory case study method (Yin, 2014) was used to carry out the research. Unstructured interviews were conducted with four non-entrepreneurs and field notes were written down on the notebook with the pencil to save the data. Thematic analysis was applied to the text to reach the important themes deducted from views and perceptions of the participants. Finding of the study depicted that lack of personal intention and will, lack of knowledge and information about entrepreneurship, lack of understanding the entrepreneurship, no familial association with business, family involvement in the selection of career and education were major impediments. In the end, important implications were drawn i.e. seminars and conferences must be conducted to overcome the hurdles of lacking the understanding of entrepreneurship. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar,Business Administration,National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA&E) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/An-Exploratory-Case-Study-of-Non-Entrepreneurs-Thematic-Analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Competencies and Knowledge Entrepreneurship relationship in Higher Education Institutes: Examining the Moderating Role of Organizational Climate Nida Kamal Bakhtiar Ali Hina Samdani Knowledge Entrepreneurship Personal Competency Professional Competency Social Competency Organizational Climate Higher Education Institutions. Higher education institutions, in the knowledge economy, have a significant role in encouraging innovation and ultimately accelerating economic growth by the creation and transfer of knowledge. This study concentrates on the construct of knowledge entrepreneurship in higher education institutions of the public and private sectors in Pakistan. It highlights the competencies required to enhance knowledge entrepreneurship in presence of an encouraging organizational climate. Using the dynamic capability theory, this study theorizes the essential role of Personal, Professional and social competencies of faculty members in Higher education institutions in creating and disseminating various forms of knowledge while the organization maintains support, encouragement, leadership and the vision to accomplish the same. Implications and areas for future research are highlighted for further expansion in literature. Humanity Publications Senior Lecturer,Department of Business Studies,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Management Studies,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Assistant Professor,Department of Business Studies,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Competencies-and-Knowledge-Entrepreneurship-relationship-in-Higher-Education-Institutes:-Examining-the-Moderating-Role-of-Organizational-Climate https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Eurozone Crisis and Asymmetric Volatility Spillover between the Stock Markets of Selected Emerging Asian and Developed Economies Muzammil Hussain Rehmat Ullah Awan Hammad Hassan EGARCH Eurozone Crisis Emerging Economies Developed Economies Volatility Spillover VECM. The study examines the volatility spillover between selected emerging Asian and developed stock markets. Moreover, the study analyzes the impact of the financial crisis on volatility spillover between the stock markets. This study used monthly observations for the period 2001-01 to 2017-12 on three emerging markets of Pakistan, China, India and three developed markets of Hong Kong, Japan and the US. First, the asymmetric volatility transmission between the stocks is analyzed by extended EGARCH representation. The study found the existence of asymmetric volatility spillovers throughout the financial crisis. The researcher estimated the VECM granger causality test in the next step. The outcomes revealed existence of bidirectional spillover between Pakistan and India, the US to Japan and Hong Kong. Unidirectional relationship was found from Pakistan and the US to Hong Kong, India to the US and Hong Kong to China. Overall, the results suggest a significant relationship between emerging and developed markets due to integration. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of Economics,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Economics,University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of NOON Business School, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Eurozone-Crisis-and-Asymmetric-Volatility-Spillover-between-the-Stock-Markets-of-Selected-Emerging-Asian-and-Developed-Economies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impacts of Modern Civil Society and Traditional Civil Society on Women Status Robina Muhammad Imran Maaria Sultana Modern Civil Society Traditional Civil Society & Women Status Womens social, economic and political status is differently defined by the advocates of Modern Civil Society (MCS) and Traditional Civil Society (TCS). It is generally assumed that TCS gives little or no status at all to their female group of the society. This issue is still very critical in poor and developing countries including Pakistan. The current study has been conducted to statistically testing the assumptions of positive relations between MCS and women status (WS) and negative connections between TCS and WS. Notably, both positive and negative relations have been significantly proved by first-hand data from a sample of 205 (n=241; return-rate=85%) subjects. The findings support the higher level of WS as per the values of the MCS. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science,Qurtuba University, D.I Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences,Qurtuba University, D. I Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Management Sciences,Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Impacts-of-Modern-Civil-Society-and-Traditional-Civil-Society-on-Women-Status https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Training Need Assessment for the Infusion of Tolerance, Peace and Social Cohesion among University Students Anila Yasmin Muhammad Naeem Mohsin Muhammad Ayub Buzdar Tolerance Peace Social Cohesion Tolerance, peace and social cohesion are the most significant and substantial values of society. In the scenario of Pakistan, the existence of above-mentioned values are prominently correlated with each other. The aim of this study was to assess the need of training program to counter the negative effects regarding the existing level of tolerance, peace and social cohesion among university students. Population of this study was consisted of Government College University Faisalabad. A questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative. 280 students were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical test were applied to assess the difference between their opinions. The findings of study demonstrated low level of tolerance, peace and social cohesion among university students and identified various factors affecting low level of tolerance, peace and social cohesion among university students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor,Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Training-Need-Assessment-for-the-Infusion-of-Tolerance-Peace-and-Social-Cohesion-among-University-Students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Gender Subversion: A Cultural Reconsideration through a Fairy Tale Zainab Akram Uzma Imtiaz Sumaira Shafiq Gender Gender Subversion Societal and Cultural Norms Fairy tale The following paper tries to socially understand gender norms and the possibility of subversion of the recommended roles. Judith Butlers (1990) Performative theory of gender acts, discussed probability of gender subversion in various societal conceptualizations of gender. The undertaken study, through thematic analysis, investigated particular characters in a fairy tale, The land of stories: Beyond the kingdom (2015). It was found that gender was a social construct, and it existed due to repeated and accepted socially ascribed practices. The characters reconsidered gender through subversion by breaching the expected traditional societal gender norms. Though, for the intelligibility, these reconsidered gender roles needed recurrence. The findings also seemed to assert that the subversive acts could be shocking and unacceptable, but, they do not possess the potential to terminate the established gender norms, rather, just assist the characters to meet their ends, towards fresh identities and roles in the extensive societal dominion. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of English,Sardar Bahadur Khan Womens University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of English,Fatima Jinnah Women's University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmir Studies,University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Gender-Subversion-A-Cultural-Reconsideration-through-a-Fairy-Tale https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of Research Supervision Practices in Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Muhammad Naeem Abbasi Saddaf Ayub Raja Umbreen Ishfaq Satti Research Supervisor Supervision Practices. Research Guidance and Feedback The research aimed to an investigation of comparative analysis of research supervision practices of research supervisors in KP universities. Objectives of the study were to find out the current practices of research supervision in M. Phil and Ph.D. Quantitative method and descriptive survey research design were used for the study. The 46 supervisors were taken as a sample of the study using a total population sampling technique. Research supervision practices questionnaire was used with a four-point Likert scale. The data collected from supervisors and then analyzed in SPSS. It was found that the majority of supervisors used research supervision practices like feedback and they are specialized in their area and have managerial skills for better research. It was recommended that supervisors maybe encourage and guide their research scholars where data or information (Literature) may be assessable in the relevant library. It is also recommended that supervisors may facilitate the research scholars by using their personal contact for the research. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Comparative-Analysis-of-Research-Supervision-Practices-in-Universities-of-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Civilianization of Military Rule in Pakistan: A Study of Musharrafs Era (2005-2008) Sughra Alam Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti Asia Saif Alvi Civilianization Constitutional Institutions Emergency Martial Law Military Regime. The Military s involvement in the political system of Pakistan began from the mid-1950s and continued verily as a guardian, a praetorian, or ruler on various occasions. Its disengagement, after the direct intervention, remained usually slow and gradual. Hence, it took a long time for disengagement and created a power-sharing model instead of transferring power to the civilian elite. The pattern of civilianization adopted by the Ayub Khan and Zia-ul-Haq was also adopted by the Musharraf regime with few changes. In his early days, though, General Pervaiz Musharraf demonstrated intention for economic revival, accountability, devolution of power, and democratic consolidation as his foremost goals and took some steps towards that direction but he abruptly reversed those steps when he sensed a threat to his dominating position in a self-created system. This paper is an attempt to critically analyze the process of civilianization during the period under consideration based on the theoretical framework and practical norms of the democratic system. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Politics and IR,University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Politics and IR,University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Civilianization-of-Military-Rule-in-Pakistan-A-Study-of-Musharrafs-Era-2005-2008 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social Capital and its Impact on Business Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises of Sindh (Pakistan) Saqib Wahab Mahar Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro Business Performance Social Capital Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Social capital is a significant resource for Small and Medium-sized firms. Social Capital resources generate assets for firms which in turn contributes towards the performance of firms. The paper analyzes the relationship of Social Capital with SMEs Performance operating in Sindh. Research has investigated the impact of the personal, professional, associative, and institutional network towards performance. To attain the purpose of the paper, the data was gathered using a questionnaire from 395 entrepreneurs of SMEs of Sindh Province. The regression and correlation techniques are employed to evaluate the relationship and to investigate the hypothesis. Results revealed a significant relationship between Social Capital and Firms performance Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Business Administration,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor,Institute of Commerce,Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Social-Capital-and-its-Impact-on-Business-Performance-of-Small-and-Medium-Enterprises-of-Sindh-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of 5 Es Learning Cycle Model on Students Learning in Physics at Secondary School Level in Pakistan Kifayat Khan Wajeeha Aurangzeb Tehsin Tahir Effectiveness Learning Cycle Model Learning Physics Learning Skills Experimental Group Control Group This study is designed to find the effectiveness of Learning Cycle Model (LCM) on students learning in physics at the secondary school level. To achieve this objective, null hypotheses were tested. All physics students of Haripur district Khyber Pukhtunkhwah Pakistan at secondary level were included as the population. Eighty (80) physics learners of grade 9th of Hazara Public School and College (HPSC) were chosen as sample of the study. True experimental research design was employed. The pupils were divided uniformly into experimental and control groups such that 40 students included in each group. Physics Academic Achievement Test (PAAT) of reliability coefficient 0.82 was utilized. Experimental and control groups were instructed through LCM and Traditional Teaching Method (TTM) for twelve (12) workweeks. Statistical outcomes showed that pupils instructed via LCM were found more effective learners in Physics than the pupils instructed via TTM. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effectiveness-of-5es-learning-cycle-model-on-students-learning-in-physics-at-secondary-school-level-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Cooperative Learning Approach on Students' Academic Achievement and Motivation at Secondary level Aroona Hashmi Mubushra Khalid Tariq Hussain Cooperative Learning Students’ Achievement Students’ Motivation Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) This study discovers the effect of cooperative learning (CL) on students’ achievement and motivation toward computer science at secondary level. Nonequivalent control group design of Quasi-Experimental Research method was used. Two intact groups i.e. thirty students each, were selected as the sample of the study. Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) method of CL was applied on the experimental group while traditional method (lecture) of teaching was used for control group. Pre-test and post-test were conducted respectively by using teacher made test in computer science. Students’ Motivation toward Computer Science Learning (SMTSL) scale was adapted to explore student’s motivation toward computer science. This study significantly indicates that the posttest motivation and achievement scores of students were better than the pretest motivation and achievement scores toward computer science learning. The study promotes CL approach for computer science learning, and intervention should be given for a long time period to observe its effectiveness. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-cooperative-learning-approach-on-students-academic-achievement-and-motivation-at-secondary-level- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Potential Benefits of Bilingual Teaching in Learning History Sara Sehar S. Khurram Khan Alwi Mohammad Shaiq Bi-lingual Trans-language Scaffolding ELL (English language learners) Bilingual education has been controversial since the beginning of educational programs, there is still uncertainty among school leaders while deciding the medium of instructions for their system especially while measuring its impact on students’ learning. This research evaluated the outcomes of bilingual education for the subject of History. The target population of this research was grade V students studying in a private school In Pakistan. This study explored benefits of bilingual teaching by adopting Urdu language explanation and discussion for clarifying details. Scaffolding and Translanguaging were applied during the history periods and positive results were recorded after the intervention., benefits were observed on the overall academic performance, class participation and conceptual clarity of the experimental group who were taught with bilingually. Conclusively, bilingual instructions proved to be aid that supported learning. Humanity Publications School manager, Department of Social Science, Greenwich University, Karachi, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Social Science, Greenwich University, Karachi, Pakistan. Director ORIC, Department of Social Science, Greenwich University, Karachi, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/potential-benefits-of-bilingual-teaching-in-learning-history https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Educational Leadership Processes as Predictors of Positive Work Attitude at Higher Education Level Wajeeha Aurangzeb Tehsin Tahir Kifayat Khan Goal Setting Job Involvement Organizational Commitment Positive Work Attitude Strategic Resourcing This study aimed at exploring the impact of educational leadership processes such as goal setting, strategic resourcing, curriculum quality, quality of teaching, promoting teaching-learning, and a safe environment on positive work attitudes at the higher education level. Positive work attitudes were delimited to job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. A descriptive survey research design was used to collect quantitative data through two questionnaires; educational leadership practices questionnaire and positive work attitude scale. Results indicated that a positive correlation exists between two research variables. Simple linear regression analysis reflected that the highest Beta coefficients exist between goal setting and positive work attitude. It was concluded that in a sphere of mutual honor, trust, and allegiance between superiors and subordinates the work attitudes strongly correlate positively. It is recommended open door policy, consultative practices among educational leadership, and training for employee empowerment may be adopted to increase organizational productivity. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages H-9 Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/educational-leadership-processes-as-predictors-of-positive-work-attitude-at-higher-education-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Awareness Regarding Environmental Education: A Qualitative Study Suggesting Practical Steps in Education Leading to a Green Pakistan Sohaib Sultan Shehzad Ahmed Muhammad Imran Environmental Education Sustainable Development Goals Teachers’ Training Green Pakistan is a very famous slogan nowadays and one of the core objectives of the present government. This research focuses on the qualitative perspective on the need and significance of Environmental Education in Teachers Training programs to provide awareness to forthcoming teachers. Environmental Education is included in Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations. Recently the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been launched by the United Nations and subsequently, Pakistan has signed a treaty to fight against Climate Change and Global Warming. The researcher examined the modules which are to be incorporated in the syllabus of teacher education. The inclusion of modules apropos of Environmental Awareness in Teachers’ Training programs was recorded highly beneficial in numerous experimental studies all over the world and particularly in Pakistan in one of the doctoral-level research. The correlation among Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and due to continuous learning process improvement in the Environment at local settings was established based on a qualitative study. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/awareness-regarding-environmental-education-a-qualitative-study-suggesting-practical-steps-in-education-leading-to-a-green-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Leadership Styles of Secondary School Heads on School Improvement Maria Noureen Nazir Haider Shah Shazia Zamir Effect Leadership Leadership Styles School Improvement Secondary Schools This research.is designed to assess the effects of the leadership style of the secondary school principals on the school improvement. It was basically descriptive research in nature and for the collection of data survey method was used. Twenty senior school leaders from the AJ&k Mirpur department and 60 senior teachers from the public sector were selected as subjects. Samples were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Two questionnaires were prepared, one for the principal and the other for the senior teachers. Mean, standard deviation, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that the leadership style of the school heads greatly contributed to the progress of the school. It is recommended that the principal must understand the level of learning in his department and the ability to share leadership style with the faculty and staff in order to get the most out of the academic process Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-leadership-styles-of-secondary-school-heads-on-school-improvement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluation of Financial Subsidy Program of Punjab Education Foundation for Increasing Students Enrollment and Retention in Private Schools in Punjab Rashid Iqbal Klasra Afshan Huma School Enrollment Vouchers Low Income Families Public Private Partnership Financial Subsidy This study retrospects the idea of financial assistance program (school voucher program) proposed by Milton Friedman, lately developed by Peacock, Wiseman and Jencks. It examines the current education voucher program of Punjab education foundation designed for students of low-income families. The research aims to see efficacy of Public Private Partnership in school education in Punjab. It analyzes private schools choices for poor students through government financial subsidy program for basic education in Punjab. The financial subsidy program has become pervasive recently. The research was descriptive in nature based on opinions of Program administrators/Directors of Punjab Education foundation, Schools owners, Principals, teachers and parents related to private schools of Punjab education foundation. The results drawn through observation, questionnaires, interviews. checklists indicated that this program increases choices for poor families to enroll their children in schools of their preference because of quality, pedagogical approaches, affordability and geographical location regardless of financial barriers. Humanity Publications PhD scholar, Department of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of EPPSL, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-financial-subsidy-program-of-punjab-education-foundation-for-increasing-students-enrollment-and-retention-in-private-schools-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluation of Enrollment Trends in Technological Subjects at Secondary Level in Punjab Kousar Parveen Nazir Haider Shah Ziarab Mahmood Evaluation Enrollment Enrollment Trends Technical subjects Secondary Level The major aim of this study was to evaluate the enrollment trends in Technical subjects at secondary level. The study was descriptive in nature and quantitative approach was applied for conducting this study. All the teachers, students and parents of Gujranwala Division in Punjab were the population of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was applied for the selection of sample. Three questionnaires were used in this study for the collection of data. Data were collected through personal visits of sampled schools. Data were analyzed by using percentage, mean and independent sample t-test. It was found that majority of students were enrolled in session 2019-20. Furthermore, majority of the students were enrolled in technical subjects on the demand of their parents and technical subjects have fame among the students. It is recommended that the government may arrange some kind of public awareness seminars at local level. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University, Nerian Sharif, AJ&K. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluation-of-enrollment-trends-in-technological-subjects-at-secondary-level-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role, Status and Perception of Female Education Regarding Socio-Economic Development Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Wilayat Bibi Syed Shafqat Ali Shah Socio-Economic Status Learner Achievement Social Factors This research work is to explore the role, status and perception of female education with respect to a budgetary change in District Peshawar. Education changes people leadership and makes them live with flexibility. The objectives were (i) To find the perception of female education regarding socio economic status (ii) to know the role of women as mother, wife and daughter, is to be assessed. The research study was restricted to Peshawar. For the administration of the study tool, a random sampling technique was used. A simple random sample, of 240 participants, of Peshawar District was chosen randomly. The main findings of the study included: (1) Somewhere between 5,001 and 10,000 Rs, wages of a mind sweeping number of respondents were consistent. In all cases, most respondents earned different settlement wells to Rs.5000; (2) the mostly respondents ensured criticality for the female as the directorate deals with budgetary problems and personality Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-status-and-perception-of-female-education-regarding-socioeconomic-development https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Does Supervisor Communication Styles Reduce Cyber loafing? Important Roles of Work Engagement and Psychological Capital Sajid Rahman Khattak Hafizullah Muhammad Zahid Awan Cyberloafing Perceived Supervisor Communication Styles PsyCap Work Engagement. Drawing from Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), the current research examined the direct and indirect relationship (PsyCap, work engagement) of perceived supervisor communication styles and cyberloafing. Data from 367 full-time employees working in 64 different firms were collected through a standardized scale. The findings revealed that assertive communication style has a negative relation with cyberloafing while passive and aggressive communication styles have positive associations with cyberloafing. Moreover, PsyCap partially mediates the relationship of supervisor communication styles (assertive, passive and aggressive) and cyberloafing. Additionally, employee work engagement partially mediates the relationship of supervisor communication styles (assertive, passive and aggressive) and cyberloafing. The study suggests that leaders can reduce employee involvement in cyberloafing through effective supervisor communication and intrinsic motivation factors such as PsyCap and work engagement. Limitations, future directions, theoretical contributions and managerial implications are also highlighted. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of IBMS, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Businesses Studies (IBS), Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of IBA, Gomal University D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/does-supervisor-communication-styles-reduce-cyber-loafing-important-roles-of-work-engagement-and-psychological-capital https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluating the Sustainability of Public Debt in the Presence of Current and Fiscal Accounts Deficit in Developing Countries Ayaz Khan Zahoor Ul Haq Javed Iqbal Debt Sustainability Current Account Fiscal Account Saving Investment Gap Developing Countries. We estimate the public debt sustainability for 53 developing countries divided into different regions using data from 1996 to 2017. Sustainability of public debt calculation is based on theoretically derived models with necessary and sufficient conditions. Current study empirically validates the importance of least evident saving-investment gap along with other variables in public debt sustainability issue. Findings show that current account, fiscal account and saving-investment gap imbalances cause unsustainable public debt for all different regions which is a matter of great concern for each region. Policy makers of the developing countries must bring policies to promote investment activities backed by saving not by debt. Humanity Publications PhD scholar, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Pakhtunkhwa Economic Policy Research Institute, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluating-the-sustainability-of-public-debt-in-the-presence-of-current-and-fiscal-accounts-deficit-in-developing-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Homework on the Student Academic Performance at Secondary School Level Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Anila Fatima Shakil Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Homework Academic Performance Skills Ability Homework is the means by which the relationship between home and school is demonstrated and developed, leading to more consistent progress in all aspects of school life. The current research was carried out in Gilgit Baltistan to find out the impact of homework on the academic performance of students at secondary level. The research was observed by teachers of Gilgit Baltistan public schools while 100 teachers were chosen by a random sampling technique as a sample. Questionnaires were as a research instrument. The study found that homework impacts learning for learners, its impact differs with the age of students, and it plays an important role in student achievement. The study proposed that homework should be purposeful, i.e. it should include the introduction of new content, the practise of skills, the creation of any data and the ability for students to explore topics of their own interest. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit - Baltistan, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-homework-on-the-student-academic-performance-at-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Learner Autonomy and its Existing Practices: A Comparison between EFL Students of Various Disciplines in the Context of Pakistan Ayesha Butt Faisal Anis Amna Yousaf Learner Autonomy English as a Foreign Language Foreign Language Learning Language Learning Strategies Learner autonomy refers to a state where a learner seeks the understanding of the concepts more independently, takes charge of his own learning and becomes more motivated and self-supportive towards the learning procedures. The present study explored the existing practices of EFL learners with reference to autonomy practices, in the context of Punjab, Pakistan. The autonomy of the learners was examined through their use of foreign language learning strategies. The sample of the study consisted of 104 university students from arts and science groups. The results indicated that the students of science group were using more autonomous learning strategies as compared to the arts group. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/learner-autonomy-and-its-existing-practices-a-comparison-between-efl-students-of-various-disciplines-in-the-context-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating the Spatio-Temporal Changes in Open Spaces in Major Cities of Pakistan Beenish Javaid Abdul Waheed Zafar Iqbal Zafar Open Spaces Islamabad Lahore Peshawar Spatio-Temporal Analysis The recent trend of rural-urban migration has consumed most of the open spaces in cities leading to higher build-up to open space ratio. This has adversely affected the ecological balance and environment. This paper is about the Spatio-temporal analysis of three major cities of Pakistan to find the impacts of reduced open spaces between 2000-2015. The data was collected using Google Earth Pro and Arc-GIS. The identified open spaces were classified into six different classes of open spaces. The extracted data was also validated by point data comparison on 30 different locations through Google Earth Pro. The results depict an interesting development as a decreasing trend in open spaces for the years 2005-2010 are shown, while an increasing trend is visible between 2010-2015. Moreover, consumption of open spaces has resulted in many social and economic impacts on the community. Finally, it is recommended that strict policy measures are needed to provide adequate proposition of open spaces in cities and to safeguard the existing stock of open space available in urban areas. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-spatiotemporal-changes-in-open-spaces-in-major-cities-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Affecting Teachers' Practices in Implementation of Early Childhood Care and Education Curriculum in Public Schools Raima Mubashar Aroona Hashmi Fasiha Altaf Teachers Practices Curriculum Implementation Early Childhood Care and Education The study was determined to find the factors that affect the teachers' practices in the implementation of the ECCE curriculum in public schools. The study was quantitative in nature, and a cross-sectional survey design was used. All the ECCE teachers in public schools formed the population of the study. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was employed, and 278 teachers were selected as a sample of the study. The data were collected using the questionnaire on factors affecting teachers' practices in the implementation of the ECCE curriculum. The findings showed that there is a significant difference on the basis of experience as p (0.000) ? 0.05 and an insignificant difference on the basis of qualification and class size as p (0.000) > 0.05. The study recommended that teacher training institutes of early childhood care and education should induct the curricula that are activity-based, and schools may provide better learning conditions in ECCE centers. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/factors-affecting-teachers-practices-in-implementation-of-ecce-curriculum-in-public-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).62 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Academic Achievement Orientation in the Context of Private and Public Sector University Students Wajiha Kanwal Tahir Aziz Saqib Shahzad Academic Achievement Orientations Sector Private Universities Public Universities Students The problem of the study was to explore the impact of academic achievement orientation in the context of private and public sector university students; it further aimed to investigate the impact of demographic variations such as gender, age, semester, birth order, number of siblings, discipline and family income in determining the level of academic achievement orientation of private and public sector university students. The achievement orientation attitude scale developed by Ansari was used to measure achievement orientations, which was consisted of 10 items. Data was collected through a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with various statistics, which provided an insight that students differ in terms of academic achievement orientations. Results revealed that students of public sector universities have higher academic achievement orientations. It is also recommended that at the university level, students may also learn self-management and ought to work hard in order to achieve their academic goals without an external push. Humanity Publications Chairperson/ HOD/ Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Wah, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Wah, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-academic-achievement-orientation-in-the-context-of-private-and-public-sector-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).64 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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SWOT Analysis of Gwadar and Chabahar Port Shabnam Gul Sabahat Jaleel Muhammad Faizan Asgher Gwadar Chabahar Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats CPEC Gwadar and Chabahar port both have significance due to their geostrategic position for the emerging economic powers of Asia, India, and China. Gwadar port managed by China under the CPEC agreement, while on the other side, Chabahar port funded by India under Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) which was signed on 23 May 2016 between India, Afghanistan, and Iran. Both ports are located in a significant strategic position for an energy trade route to connect Central Asia, Middle East, and Europe. Due to economic cost, both ports came into competition with each other. However, Iran and Pakistan both states deny any competition with each other and both states keenly interested in building cooperation and connections with each other. No doubt China is the emerging economic power of the world while the US try to contain China's growing influence in the Asian region for its resources. This paper focused on the nature of both ports and built arguments that possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat in the light of comparative analysis through descriptive studies Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/swot-analysis-of-gwadar-and-chabahar-port https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).65 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analysis of Syrian Conflict with the Lens of the Realist School of Thought Sohail Ahmad Muhammad Mubeen Inayat Kalim Syria Civil War Regional Alliances International Alliances Sectarianism Balance of Power The Syrian war is rooted in the conflict between the Sunni opposition and Shia leader President Bashar, torn the country. The Syrian war took baby steps during the Arab Spring, which was supposed to bring hope and prosperity to Syria but unfortunately led to a series of horrifying protests that grew into a 9-year long civil war. The war-torn country has forced millions to escape the horrors of continuous fighting only to seek refuge in other countries with bare minimum resources. Multiple efforts by the International Organizations (I.Os) to halt the conflict between President Bashar and the opposition have repeatedly failed, and apparently, there is no hope for a peaceful solution. This paper aims to explain the Syrian war and break down the reason behind each ally's support to the chosen party and understand the Syrian conflict through the lens of Realism. The realist theory will shed some light on the root cause of international intervention by world powers and regional powers and how each actor's actions prolonged the conflict in Syria. And finally, to understand how domestic and international politics was used to carry out heinous crimes against innocent Syrian men, women, and children and analyze the strategies of actors to gain power in the region. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-analysis-of-syrian-conflict-with-the-lens-of-the-realist-school-of-thought https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).66 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan's Elections Debates: An Analysis of Electoral Knowledge Production Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Elections Knowledge Production Pakistan Political Debate Post-Colonialism The political debates are the major indicators to open a dialogue and to set the tone of politics in society. The elections' debates in Pakistan are directly linked with the nature of the state and its ideological and elite composition. The post-colonial state structure and its reflection in electoral politics is a dominant determining factor which led to induce order through objectifying in existing electoral status quo. The dominant forces on the electoral scene have the power to interpret the existing knowledge production and debate for their own interest. Both objectivities and subjectivities in which electoral debates operate are in control of the post-colonial state structure. This paper is an attempt to explore the articulation of electoral debates in academic knowledge production. Further, how does existing academic debate explain the nature of electoral politics? Why?The purposively selected academic debates on elections revolved around functionalist and interpretivist paradigms influenced by the existing debate between subjectivity and objectivity. The descriptive method has been applied in exploring a research question under study. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingd 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakistans-elections-debates-an-analysis-of-electoral-knowledge-production https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).67 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Publicity, Propaganda and Press: All India Muslim League in Propagation of Demand for Pakistan Muhammad Anwar Shahzad Qaisar Jamila Begum Press League Propaganda Demand for Pakistan Newspapers The evolution and growth of press in the Subcontinent revolutionized the flow of information and propagation of political activities. All-India Muslim League went through the process of reorganization in the late 1930's and the new political resolve needed more publicity and propaganda to expand further among the masses. League handled the need of the hour by starting its party-owned newspapers while the provincial Leagues and some of the League organs launched their newspapers to publicize policy and program of the party. The major share in the press came from the Leaguers and pro League newspapers from all over India. The last phase of the freedom movement witnessed the emergence of a more radical and outspoken press in support of the demand for Pakistan. Overseas publicity and press remained weak ground for League due it financial constraints. The Middle East zone was omnipresent in League's activities due to its Islamist stance.England publicity wing started working quite late but it remained successful in making a mark over the minds of the public. The American front was neglected and only a few appearances were available to propagate League and its demand for Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern, Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer (Visiting), Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/publicity-propaganda-and-press-all-india-muslim-league-in-propagation-of-demand-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).68 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Covid-19: Studying Policy Gap in Relation to Role of Primary Health Care in Pakistan Shaheer Ellahi Khan Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Mahwish Zeeshan Primary Health Care Quarantine Health Care Resources Economic Burden The novel COVID-19 pandemic is yet to unfold its impact and long-run consequences. Both developed and developing nations are trying their level best to cope and address the current situation in their respective affected regions with the help of the international guidelines and through their own experiences. The policies play an effective and efficient role in understanding different dimensions of the practices including social distancing, washing hands, wearing masks and most above all the lockdown. Such series of actions demand strong policy and learning both from global scenarios and national or provincial experiences. This study suggests how the policy gap may be identified to especially link the primary health care for the adequate response to this challenge. The study covered the editions of the latest news journals, newspapers, websites published between the months of March 2020 to April 2020 because the Pandemic paced up in these months. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/covid19-studying-policy-gap-in-relation-to-role-of-primary-health-care-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Evaluative Study of Plagiarism in Post Graduate Research in Punjab, Pakistan Muhammad Moin Muhammad Arshad Dahar Muhammad Imran Yousuf Awareness Plagiarism Post Graduate Research Similarity. The purpose of the present study is to highlight the seriousness and explore the level of awareness of postgraduate students regarding plagiarism, HEC plagiarism policy and practice. The research design used in the study was convergent mixed method. The population of the study was comprised of all the postgraduate students and supervisors of the public sector universities of Punjab. The sample of this study consisted of 64 supervisor and 272 postgraduate students from Punjab. Three research instruments; questionnaires, semi-structured interview and focus group discussion guidelines (FGDs) were used to collect the data. The results of the study indicated that students were aware about plagiarism but unaware of the plagiarism policy except that the similarity index of the dissertation. Study recommends arranging awareness about plagiarism to the teachers, students and administrators through orientations, various workshops, trainings and seminars. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluative-study-of-plagiarism-in-post-graduate-research-in-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Employee Associations and their Relations with the Overall Management of Universities in Peshawar: Issues and Barriers Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Anila Fatima Shakil Wilayat Bibi Employee associations Organizational management Barriers. Employee associations serve as resources of interested employees in helping the advisory committees and the staff task forces. Besides, they may also help in publicizing information of interest, procedures, and policy to employees and participate actively in the process of academic review. In universities, a significant role is played by employees unions. Unlike Employee unions, the existence of employee associations differs a lot. Many benefits can be gained from the relationship between the management of the University and employee association. It has been found that in the past, universities in Pakistan have failed to revive and engage with their employees, due to which effectiveness was lost majorly by the associations present in the universities. This research paper will critically reflect upon the relationship between the employee association and the overall management of the universities of Peshawar. Further, it will also identify the significant barriers and issues faced by the employees associations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-employee-associations-and-their-relations-with-the-overall-management-of-universities-in-peshawar-issues-and-barriers- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring Role of CSR in Preventing Bankruptcy: Moderation Effect of Board Independence in Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan and Australia Mariam Javed Zulfiqar Ali Shah Abdul Rahman CSR Bankruptcy Board Independence The purpose of the paper was to investigate the effect of CSR in prevention of bankruptcy while considering role of board independence in manufacturing sector of Pakistan and Australia. For this purpose, data of 50 publicly listed manufacturing companies from Australia and Pakistan was collected for 2005 to 2018 on factors of corporate social responsibility (CSR), bankruptcy and board independence. Meanwhile, EViews was used to conduct tests and correlation and multiple regression techniques were applied for the empirical investigation. The findings of the study reveal that bankruptcy is not significantly affected by the CSR contribution of manufacturing companies from developing and developed country. i.e. Pakistan and Australia. However, in case of Pakistan, evidence of moderation effect of board independence on effect of CSR on bankruptcy is found which is also significant. But this could not be evidenced from the Australian firms. Lastly, the paper also discusses the implications. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of management Sciences, International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Quaid-e- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-role-of-csr-in-preventing-bankruptcy-moderation-effect-of-board-independence-in-manufacturing-sector-of-pakistan-and-australia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Investment of Pension Funds in Different Streams: Evidence from Low vs. High Growth Oriented OECD Countries Arslan Qayyum Aniqa Arslan Kanwal Iqbal Khan Pension Funds Growth Investment in Equity Deposits Investment on Bonds Rate of Return Inflation. Pension funds pools’ investments have an impact on its growth. These investments can be either in equity stock, bonds, deposits, or in other miscellaneous assets that can generate different results with the involvement of some endogenous factors such as rate of return, inflation etc. To bring out the core investment factors determining pension fund growth, a stepwise regression technique was used on a dynamic panel data model. Moreover, to check the individual significance of the included variables in the model progressively, R2-change was observed. This study has found that the investment factors behave positively in high growth-oriented OECD economies and have a negative impact in low growth-oriented countries. Moreover, pension funds growth is slower due to market volatility in low-growth oriented economies. The study helps to know the utilization or investment factors that support the large asset-holding of financial-sector of OECD economies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Institute of Business Management (IOBM), Karachi, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Karachi, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investment-of-pension-funds-in-different-streams-evidence-from-low-vs-high-growth-oriented-oecd-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Dynamic Resourced Based View on Firm's Life Cycle Stages and Capital Structure Theories: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Emerging Asian Markets Misbah Wadood Hashim Khan Hassan Wadood Firm Life Cycle Stages (FLCS) Cost of Equity Capital (COE) Market-to-Book Value Asian Markets ‘Dynamic resource-based view’ is the major inspiration for this study, which signifies the changes in paths & patterns of the evolution in organizational capabilities during its LCS. Using the Dickinson’s (2011) firm’s LCS, the study determined diverse behavior of traditionally established explanatory variables across stages. For the purpose of analysis GMM model has been used, the study conducted a comparative analysis of developed and emerging markets in Asia. The results showed higher COE capital during introduction and decline stages in emerging markets implying trade-off theory and dynamic resource-based view. Study denies association between COE capital and market-to-book value in developed markets in line with market timing theory Its concluded that COE’s explanatory factors evolve across markets and firm’s LCS the explanatory power of the general model is much higher when the study included LCS in its main model justifying resource-based view. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah KSA. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/A-Dynamic-Resourced-Based-View-on-Firms-Life-Cycle-Stages-and-Capital-Structure-Theories https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development and Validation of Tool for Assessment of Prospective Teachers Professional Dispositions of Instructional Planning and Strategies (DIPS). Huma Lodhi Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui Dispositions Instructional Planning and Strategies Perceptions Values Commitment The present study aimed to develop and validate an instrument by employing quantitative measures for the assessment of prospective teachers’ professional ‘Dispositions of Instructional Planning and Strategies’ (DIPS) in line with National Professional Standard for Teachers in Pakistan (NPST) developed by Ministry of Education (MoE) as policy guideline in the context of Pakistan. The instrument was employed to 424 prospective teachers in the Institute of Education and Research University of Punjab using stratified sampling with the representation of prospective teachers form all programs, semesters, and gender. Five dimensions of DIPS Scale namely, Critical Thinking and Multiple-ways of Problem Solving, Team Work and Cooperative Learning, Collaboration and Cooperation, Enabling Students for Independent Learning, Attainment of Curriculum Goals were identified. The Cronbach Alpha reliability of the instrument was found 0.8. The finding provides preliminary evidence of a valid and reliable tool for the pre-service teachers in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/development-and-validation-of-tool-for-assessment-of-prospective-teachers-professional-dispositions-of-instructional-planning-and-strategies-dips https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Media and Crime: Influence of Food Crime Investigations on Consumer Perception Anam Muzamill Noshina Saleem Media and Crime Public Perception Food Safety Public Health Consumer Awareness The current study is an examination of increasing coverage of food crimes on media and its influence on the public. There are number of broadcasts, commentaries, articles and investigations that have surfaced on public platforms regarding the heinous individual and organized food crimes in Pakistan, literature about the food safety standards in Pakistan has also confirmed that the increasing safety violations have created an impact on public health. These investigative initiatives have created an impact on the audience about reevaluating their choices and decisions about the procurement of common to specialized food items and supplies. This study assesses a range of concepts related to food risk and safety perception amongst the audience with reference to the role and effectiveness of media. The media’s function is assessed in the broader framework of public service and social responsibility theories. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Director, Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/media-and-crime-influence-of-food-crime-investigations-on-consumer-perception https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ambidexterity as a New Research Paradigm: Examining the Mediating Role of Employees Goal Orientation, Exploitation and Exploration Gul Bahar Shazia Akhtar Ability-Enhancing HR Bundles Employees Learning Orientation Employees Learning Orientation and Organizational Ambidexterity The aim of this study was to empirically validate the impact of ability-enhancing HR bundles on organizational ambidexterity through mediation of employees cognitive factors and employees exploration and exploitation. The multi-level data was collected from 600 employees of the software companies and analyzed through MEDTHREE analysis and SEM using AMOS software. Data was collected in two-time waves and results revealed positive relationship between ability-enhancing HR bundles and organizational ambidexterity. This study contributes to literature by providing new insights and by investigating links of ability-enhancing HR bundles with organizational ambidexterity directly and indirectly. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, SZABIST Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, SZABIST Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ambidexterity-as-a-new-research-paradigm-examining-the-mediating-role-of-employees-goal-orientation-exploitation-and-exploration https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring the Policies for Coverage of Minorities Issues in Pakistani Electronic Media Rachel Aruna Joshua Anjum Zia Christians Electronic Media Media Coverage Media Policy Media Regulation Pakistan Religious Minorities. Issues faced by the Christians of Punjab on various occasions have been reported by the media; however, they have been on the rise in recent years. Media organizations aim to provide coverage and address minorities issues, and also follow policies and procedures for better interest of all involved. This research paper attempts to look into the policies of electronic media organizations as well as the media regulatory body regarding coverage of issues faced by the Christians. In-depth interviews of officials in policymaking; four from media and two from the electronic media regulatory authority resulted that the authority has clear written policies for media content as to the coverage of minorities issues which is to avoid any coverage inciting hatred or fear among people. It also brings forth media’s unwritten policies and practices with regards to covering issues related to Pakistan Christian minority and priorities given to the coverage. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-policies-for-coverage-of-minorities-issues-in-pakistani-electronic-media https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analyses of Life Skills Development Practices in Secondary Schools of Islamabad Robina Rahat Ziarab Mahmood Nazir Haider Shah Life skills Education Communication Critical Thinking Problem Solving The study was designed to make analysis for developing Life Skills practices in the secondary schools of Islamabad. It was descriptive survey study. All 1039 SSTs, all 146 principals of public secondary schools working under FDE at Islamabad were population of the study. Five hundred and seventy (570) SSTs; one hundred and forty (140) principals were selected by using stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire having 36 items were developed by the researcher on five point Likert scale. Mean, Standard Deviation, and t-test, were applied to analyze the data. There was moderate level of practice of skill development in secondary schools. Male teachers were better performing in developing communication skills and critical thinking while female teachers were better for developing problem solving skills. Development of strategy and proper training of teachers and principals, by the government, for life base skill education was recommended. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyses-of-life-skills-development-practices-in-secondary-schools-of-islamabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Expectations of Research Students About Online Supervision of Thesis Supervisors: A Case of Virtual University of Pakistan Sadaf Jabeen Aroona Hashmi Mubashira Khalid Expectations Online Supervision Postgraduate Research The study aims to explore postgraduate research students expectations from their thesis supervisors in online postgraduate programs. Particularly it aimed to study their perceptions of the role of thesis supervisor in their postgraduate research work. The study followed survey research design. The population comprised 1118 Postgraduate (MS) students enrolled in nine programs at post-graduation level in spring 2018. Using stratified random sampling technique, a total of 150 postgraduate research students were selected from five programs (MS Computer science, M Phil Educational Leadership and Management, MS Business Administration, MS Mathematics and MS Zoology of four faculties of Virtual University of Pakistan. Data were collected through researcher made scale Expectations of Research Students (ERS) having five subscales and 28 items. Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA were applied for obtaining results. Findings suggested that well documented and communicated thesis supervision regulations and including face-to-face interactions with online supervision could make some improvements to the outcomes of online supervision. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Research and Evaluation, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/expectations-of-research-students-about-online-supervision-of-thesis-supervisors-a-case-of-virtual-university-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effect of Employee Creativity on Project Performance with the Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing and Moderating Role of Openness to Experience Hina Ahmed Cynthia Sigamony Employee Creativity Knowledge Sharing Openness to Experience Project Performance. Since almost last two decades employees creativity has been discussed immensely by the researchers. This study majorly focuses on the effect of employee creativity in project performance in project-based organizations of Pakistan. We have discussed that the relationship between, employees creativity and project performance depend on the knowledge sharing whereas, openness to experience moderating the correlation of employees creativity with knowledge sharing. For this purpose, data was collected from 273 employees working in project-based organizations of Pakistan. The results obtained after the data analysis, considerably shows that there is an optimistic relationship between employees creativity and project performance whereas knowledge sharing mediates this relationship with the moderating role of openness to experience. The study significantly expands to the prevailing literature by highlighting the procedure through which employees’ creativity has a major effect on the enhancement of project performance. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-employee-creativity-on-project-performance-with-the-mediating-role-of-knowledge-sharing-and-moderating-role-of-openness-to-experience https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Exploratory Study to Measure the Environmental Literacy Level of Teachers Teaching at Secondary Schools in Punjab, Pakistan Saira Taj Tahira Kalsoom Moafia Nader Environmental Education Literacy Secondary School Teachers. This study measured the environmental literacy (EL) level that the secondary school teachers in Punjab (Pakistan) possessed and found mean scores of various groups of teachers, demographically categorized, significantly different when assessed on scales of environmental literacy. Data collection was done by adapting a valid tool titled as Middle School Environmental Literacy Instrument and administered on 1626 teachers randomly selected from five out of 36 districts of Punjab through stratified random sampling technique. The EL level of teachers was assessed according to environmental knowledge, environmental dispositions, cognitive skills, and environmentally responsible behavior. The application of descriptive and complex inferential statistics showed moderate composite score of EL. Also moderate scores on individual scales were found with the exception of the scale on issue analysis. On this scale, the scores were high. However, scores of women teachers were higher than those of male instructors. The experience variable had not shown significantly different scores on EL. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Research and Evaluation Department, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Professional Studies, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-exploratory-study-to-measure-the-environmental-literacy-level-of-teachers-teaching-at-secondary-schools-in-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Portrayal of CPEC in Leading Pakistani Urdu Newspapers Farrukh Nazir Arshad Ali Muhammad Farooq CPEC Daily Urdu Express Daily Urdu Jang Newspaper Portrayal The research study was conducted to find out the emergence of CPEC in Daily Urdu Express newspaper and Daily Urdu Jang newspaper, factors of overall positive and negative emergence of CPEC. Quantitative method was used, and the content analysis was applied to the sample of two leading dailies Urdu newspapers of Pakistan; Express and Jang. Sample of entire year of 2016 was taken for this account. The results indicated that 88.9% of the total news about CPEC published in Daily express were positive and 11.1% negative whereas 91.4% of the total news about CPEC published in Daily Jang were positive and 8.6% were negative. Overall, 14 factors were found under positive portrayal of leading 4 factors security, peace, PakChina relations and infrastructure. The leading factor in negative portrayal was political Party Politics among the 14 defined news factors. Conclusively, CPEC was portrayed positively. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Center for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/portrayal-of-cpec-in-leading-pakistani-urdu-newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Multiculturalism and Integration: Challenges, Strategies and Prospects of Students Integration in Educational Environment and Society Nadia Gilani Syed Abdul Waheed Bashir Hussain Multiculturalism Student Integration Institutional Environment Acculturation Intercultural strategies Diversity. The study presents arguments on multiculturalism and integration and aims to look into the challenges, strategies, and prospects of the students integration in the educational environment and society. Reasonable literature exists on its different aspects and the assumed relationship of multiculturalism and academic integration into the educational environment in different countries. The existing literature was identified to review and discuss the concerning arguments on the issue. Different strategies have been reviewed to acculturate with the main emphasis on academic integration before focusing on the interplay of the processes of multiculturalism and integration and the probability for students integration in the academic culture. It was found that multiculturalism and integration interplay in varying ways, and there is a likelihood that students can integrate into a multicultural environment of an educational institute where culturally diverse groups of the students respect diversity and intercultural strategies supported by the host institute which helps them integrate. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research & Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, 56300, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/multiculturalism-and-integration-challenges-strategies-and-prospects-of-students-integration-in-educational-environment-and-society https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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University Teachers Perceptions of Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship with Workplace Stress Bushra Naoreen Muhammad Naeem Mohsin Shamaiela Mehboob Ali Farooqi Environment Knowledge Motivation Management Teaching beliefs. The efficacious attitude of a person plays a vital role to develop psychological well-being, interpersonal and self-esteem. An individual with high level of self-efficacy is able to regulate and balance thoughts over actions. The basic purpose of the current study was to find out the relationship between self-efficacy and workplace stress of university teachers. A quantitative co-relational research design was followed to achieve the research objectives. 180 faculty members working in three different public sector universities in Pakistan were selected using multiphase sampling technique. Self-developed self-efficacy scale (based on two factors; general teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy) and workplace stress inventory were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed applying mean score, t-test and Pearson correlation. Findings of the study reveal indirect correlation between the level of teachers self-efficacy and their perceived stress at workplace. Few recommendations were made on the basis of the findings of this study. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/university-teachers-perceptions-of-selfefficacy-and-its-relationship-with-workplace-stress https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Can we boost the Meta-cognitive Awareness of Prospective Teachers through Reflective Journals? Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui Huma Lodhi Kalsoom Ghazanfar Metacognitive Awareness Reflective Teachers Reflective Journals Prospective Teachers Reflective Teaching Metacognition and reflective teaching are concepts that complement each other if we refer to a reflective teacher. This study investigates whether metacognitive awareness of prospective teachers can be improved through reflective journals. In present study reflective journals are comprised of practice sheets through which the prospective teachers can practice their metacognitive thoughts consciously. The methodology followed is experimental research by using qusai-experimental design into two phases. Both, control and experimental groups were taught through a combination of teaching strategies that we normally use in our classes such as lecture, discussion, or through inquiry, etc., in phase 1. In phase 2, reflective journals, along with other strategies that were used in the 1st phase, were introduced. The results of data analysis revealed a significant enhancement of prospective teachers metacognitive awareness and its constituent factors e.g., metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The Superior College, Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/can-we-boost-the-metacognitive-awareness-of-prospective-teachers-through-reflective-journals https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysis of the Impact of Investment in Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa During 2001-2015 Saira Begum Mohammad Iqbal Niaz Muhammad Aajiz Impact Investment in Education Allocation Expenditure Priorities. It is a descriptive study that used a mix method of research. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The type of sampling technique followed in this study was first to select the clusters and then selecting the specified number of respondents from each selected cluster. First the respondents were categorized as principals and teachers of schools, colleges and Regional Institutes of Teachers Education and key informants at the provincial level. Then purposive sample was drawn from clusters of those subjects who could provide useful information about the study. In order to suggest a remedy for the solution to these problems it was recommended that both access and quality should be improved making the education affordable for all concerned. It was recommended that the issues of absorption and marketability of graduates at different levels of education should be addressed in the national policies. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Director, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-the-impact-of-investment-in-education-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-during-20012015 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Socio-Cognitive Approach to the Discourses of Self-Identity and Public Perception about Transgender in District Mansehra Ghani Rahman Khalil ur Rahman Shahabullah Community Discourses Language Perception Self-identity Society. This study critically examines the discourses about the self-identity formation and public perception about transgender community in District Mansehra, Pakistan. The study is theoretically guided by socio-cognitive approach of discourse analysis. The data was collected in the participant setting through in-depth interviews from the twenty transgender and fifteen respondents from the general public. The views of transgender about their self-identity and public perception about transgender was analyzed in the light of the linguistic choices while using socio-cognitive model. It was found that the self-identity formation of transgender is socially constructed that was reflected in their discourse. Likewise, the status, acceptance and overall social existence of transgender are also potentially determined by the views and narratives of the general public. The study concludes that the identity formation and discrimination of transgender is socially and linguistically constructed and internalized by the transgender community in specific and society in general. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Sociology Department, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-sociocognitive-approach-to-the-discourses-of-selfidentity-and-public-perception-about-transgender-in-district-mansehra https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effect of Inductive Grammar Instruction on The Achievement of Elementary School Students Shumaila Shahzad Syeda Samina Tahira Shamaiela Mehboob Farooqi Inductive Method Deductive Method Grammar Instruction Key objectives of the study are to (1) determine the effectiveness of the inductive method in augmenting the students achievement in English grammar and (2) compare the perceptions of students in the experimental group (whom intervention of inductive method was given) and control group (who were taught through traditional, i.e. deductive process) regarding teaching methods used for them. Following quasi-experimental design termed as a pretest, post-test control group, two sections of class 8th with 30 students constituted the sample. A 53 items achievement test was used for pre and post-test. The experimental group was exposed to an intervention of teaching tenses through inductive method for 34 days. Meanwhile, the deductive method was used for the control group. Lastly, a 16 items questionnaire was employed to figure out students perceptions. Findings of the intervention study substantiated the usefulness of the inductive method for teaching English grammar. The descriptive study exposed the inductive method as more effective, enjoyable, motivating, exciting and interactive. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Chairperson, Department of Education, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-inductive-grammar-instruction-on-the-achievement-of-elementary-school-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Investigation of the Contribution of Women to the Socio-EconomicDevelopment: A Case Study of District Peshawar Saima Urooge Noor Jehan Bibi Aisha Sadiqa Socio-Economic Development Working Women House Wives The present study investigates women’s contribution to the socio-economic development of a country via their shares in the family’s total income. District Peshawar was selected as a research area A well-defined questionnaire was randomly distributed among women respondents both working women and housewives (sample size 450 = 300 urban and 150 rural). Two models, working women share in the income of household and wife’s share in household income were estimated. Based on the findings of research it is deducted that Model 2 for working women’s share in family’s total is preferred to second Model 2 for housewives shares in family’s total income although both models showed a positive and significant effect in most of the urban and rural areas of the Peshawar. It is suggested that the rate of economic participation of these women can be substantially raised through the introduction of appropriate measures if these are carried out with true letter and spirit. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-investigation-of-the-contribution-of-women-to-the-socioeconomic-development-a-case-study-of-district-peshawar https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Empowering Online Methods of Student-Teacher Communication: The Opportunities and Challenges of Web-Based Technologies and Social Media During COVID-19 Lockdown Nasrin Akhter Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Muhammad Imran Key Words: Web-based Technologies Social Media Enhancing Communication Students The use of web-based technologies and social media to enhance student-teacher communication is a growing trend in education in recent times. After the COVID 19 pandemic, the worldwide network has been widely used and the infrastructure for information quickly developed. This study aims to explore the perceptions of teachers and students about the use of web and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic at postgraduate level. Firstly, this study employs a questionnaire to examine student perception about uses of web-based technologies and social media. Data were collected from 500 students from different departments at the universities. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 teachers. The findings indicate that the social media are revolutionizing communication systems and are helpful in on-line classes, with collaborative work and research coordination during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recommended extensive use of webs and social media for efficient communication between teachers and students. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Science, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/empowering-online-methods-of-studentteacher-communication-the-opportunities-and-challenges-of-webbased-technologies-and-social-media-during-covid19-lockdown- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Multimedia on the Academic Performance of the Students at Secondary School Level Anila Fatima Shakil Waqar Un Nisa Faizi Muhammad Nisar Ul Haq Multimedia Technology Aademic Performance Multimedia equipment is part of ICT facilities. The study aims to find out the impact of multimedia on the academic performance of the students at secondary level of Peshawar District. The main objectives of the study were (i) to find out Impact of multimedia on the academic performance of the students at secondary level. (ii) to assess the application of multimedia during the class and their impact on the student academic performance. The research was descriptive in nature. All the Secondary School of Peshawar district were population. The research sample included 20 public schools from the Peshawar District, 20 heads, 40 teachers and 40 secondary school students in the Peshawar District. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument. It was concluded that, given the lack of multimedia at school, it is recommended that the government provide multimedia services to the school. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Jinnah University for Women Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit – Baltistan, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-multimedia-on-the-academic-performance-of-the-students-at-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Impact of Key Macroeconomic Determinants on Pakistan's Economy Faaeza Atiq Mudassir Uddin Irfan Hussain Khan Johansen’s Co-Integration Method; Granger Causality; External Debt; Economic Growth This paper intended to analyze key Macroeconomic factor’s effect on Pakistan’s economic development. The annual time-series data has been taken from 1980 to 2018 on External Debts, Foreign Direct investment. Consumer Price Index and Term of Trade. Variables stationarity is analyzed by ADF and Ng-Perron tests; afterwards, JJ test and Granger Causality test are used for Long-run (LR) & Short-run(SR) associations between variables, respectively. Also, Residuals Diagnostic Test used for checking residuals assumptions and CUSUM and CUSUMSQ are used for checking parameter constancy. The result shows significantly negative and positive long-run effects of External Debts and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) respectively on the economic growth of Pakistan. Albeit, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Term of Trade (TOT) and, FDI significantly Granger cause economic growth in the short-run. Research suggests that economic policies devised in such a way that deteriorates External Debts and attract foreign investments and strengthen the economic growth of Pakistan in the long-term. Humanity Publications University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-key-macroeconomic-determinants-on-pakistans-economy- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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How Does Mentoring and Strategic Leadership Contribute to Gen Y Employees Intention to Stay: A Sequential Mediation Approach Sajid Rahman Khattak Muhammad Zahid Awan Hafizullah Mentoring Strategic Leadership Intent to Stay of Gen Y Employees POS Affective Commitment In today vibrant business environment, retaining a talented employee is a big challenge faced by organizations. We explore certain factors that might support organizations to retain their best employees. In the current research, we empirically examine the direct and indirect relationship of mentoring and strategic leadership to stay of Gen Y workers in the pharma industry in Pakistan. Affective commitment and Perceived organizational support were used as possible mediators. Through a cross-sectional research design, using the survey method, we received 248 responses from employees working in the pharma industry. Results revealed that both mentoring and strategic leadership have significant influence over Gen Y employees retention. Based on our study results, we suggested that managers should practice mentoring program in their talent management strategy and that managers practice a role of strategic leaders and implement a policy that retains the existing employees and attracts the best talent. Managerial implications and theoretical contributions are also discussed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, IBMS, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Business Administration, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Businesses Studies (IBS), Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-does-mentoring-and-strategic-leadership-contribute-to-gen-y-employees-intention-to-stay-a-sequential-mediation-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Perceptions of Educational Environment in Punjab Degree Colleges Ghulam Sughra Ziarab Mahmood Nazir Haider Shah College Safety Degree Colleges Educational Environment Library Strength Student Support Services The present investigated the level of student support services' current condition of libraries and the level of safety in degree colleges of Punjab by sampling 65 teachers and 120 students. A survey with 15 questions divided into three areas in educational environment and was posed to two cohorts of the above sample. The first are of the survey contained 4 questions on support services, 4 questions on libraries and 7 questions on safety were completed by the teachers and the students (see below for details). Percent agreement-disagreement scores were collected to assess how teachers and students perceived degree college environment. Results suggested teachers and students did not differ much on their assessment of colleges and agreed (56%; disagreed: 23%) student support, libraries and safety were adequate in their educational environment. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif, AJ&K, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/perceptions-of-educational-environment-in-punjab-degree-colleges https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Migrating into Poverty and Malady: Psychosocial Challenges Rural Pakistani Women in a Post Migration Scenario Riffat Haque Maria M. Malik Rahia Aftab Migration Poverty Psychological Rural Women. This research explores the psychosocial challenges faced by rural Pakistani women in the wake of their migration to the city. A focus group and ten in-depth interviews were conducted with women from a migrant household. The study revealed that migrant women's frustration of unmet needs, the stress of unfulfilled expectations along with pressing socio-economic circumstances paves the way for a range of psychological problems like hopelessness, demoralization, lack of motivation, shame, social withdrawal and isolation, psychosomatic complaints anxiety and depression. The findings revealed that Persistent poverty does not only affect the psychological well-being of these migrant women but also keeps them trapped in impoverishment. It also highlighted that the psychosocial challenges for these migrant women increase twofold in the urban settings as they are compelled to exist on the margin of the margins as the poorest of the poor. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Peace & Conflict Studies, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Gender and Women Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Psychology, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/migrating-into-poverty-and-malady-psychosocial-challenges-rural-pakistani-women-in-a-post-migration-scenario https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparison of Schema Modes in Clinical and Non-Clinical Individuals: A Preliminary Finding Meh Para Siddique Rubina Hanif Dysfunctional Modes Healthy Modes Fischer Transformation Psychiatric Individuals Schema Modes. This study compares the schema modes between the clinical and non-clinical individuals. A purposive convenient sampling technique was used for the data collection from one hundred and fifty healthy community volunteers, and sixty diagnosed psychiatric patients. The "Schema Mode Inventory (SMI)" was utilized for the mode assessment and group comparison. A series of independent sample t-test depicted that, the clinical group had a significantly higher score on ten out of twelve dysfunctional schema modes and significantly lesser score on both functional schema modes. Identically, Fisher's r-to-z transformation confirmed that the association between dysfunctional schema modes was significantly higher in clinical individuals in comparison to non-clinical individuals. Thus, the present study describes a tendency of individuals with psychiatric disorders to rely more on dysfunctional schema modes in comparison to non-clinical individuals. These findings strengthen the empirical provision of the "schema mode model" for the assessment and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid i Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid i Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparison-of-schema-modes-in-clinical-and-nonclinical-individuals-a-preliminary-finding https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Growth and Residential Distribution with Solow, Alonso, and Dixit-Stiglitz Integrated Wei- Bin Zhang Urban Dynamics Alonso Urban Model Solow Growth Model Dixit-Stiglitz Model; Imperfect Competition Capital Accumulation Residential Distribution Land Rent The purpose of this study is to deal with dynamic interdependence between economic growth, economic structure, and residential distribution. It develops a spatial dynamic economic model on basis of microeconomic foundation. It integrates the economic mechanisms of the Solow one-sector growth model, the Alonso spatial residential model, and the Dixit-Stiglitz equilibrium model with imperfect market. We apply neoclassical economic growth of perfect competition to describe the growth determinant, the neoclassical urban residential model to determine residential location, and the basic model of new growth theory with imperfect market to take account of perfect and imperfect competition in spatial equilibrium structure. The basic economic mechanisms of the three approaches are integrated by using Zhang new approach to formally model household behavior. We determine the motion by simulation. Then we conduct comparative dynamic analysis to analyze how exogenous changes in different parameters affect residential distribution, economic growth, and economic structure. The study shows how changes in preferences and technologies affect economic growth, economic structure, land rent, and residential distribution. Humanity Publications Professor, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/growth-and-residential-distribution-with-solow-alonso-and-dixitstiglitz-integrated https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Evolution of Dispute Resolution Processes: From Informal to Formal and Back to Informal Abida Hassan Dil Muhammad Malik ADR Dispute Resolution Jirga Panchayat Torah Talmud This article aims to provide information relating to Alternative Dispute Resolution (Informal Dispute Resolution) which is considered a new technique for the resolution of disputes in western countries. Still, from the study, it has been proven that it is not a new technique, and has been in practice in one form or other in different times and civilizations; it is a conversion to new title and system with some modification, but the aim is same as was in ancient time, i.e., the historical evolution of the system from Torah period to present time presents the whole picture of this system. The study highlighted both practices in ancient and present times which shows that the system has been working successfully in all the times. Therefore, it can be applied elsewhere in the world, so the researcher is of the view that this system is more sustainable in any form than the formal system because it reflects the friendly, amicable, long-lasting relationships between parties. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Dean, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evolution-of-dispute-resolution-processes-from-informal-to-formal-and-back-to-informal https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Delhi: A Metaphor of Hope and Despair in Delhi and Twilight in Delhi Shaista Andleeb Muhammad Asif Khan Shahzad Ahmad Delhi Political-energy Power-resistance Representation Subcontinent. This paper is an effort to de-construct the two opposite ideas of hope and despair in Ahmed Ali's Twilight in Delhi and Khushwant Singh's Delhi. The comparative points of view regarding Delhi by Singh and Ali serve to construct the ideological, political and ontological framing of Delhi. The paper explores the significance of Delhi as a symbol of political energy which distributes power or snatches it as an active agent of power-history. The paper exhibits the socio-political, economic and communal structures portrayed by Ali and Singh. The study is an effort to detect the system of representation in the metaphor of Delhi in the context of power-resistance and failure of the struggle against the Raj. The paper tries to show that both Ali and Singh see Delhi with a difference of outlook and literary approach to manifest hope and despair. Humanity Publications Ph. D scholar, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Research scholar, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/delhi-a-metaphor-of-hope-and-despair-in-delhi-and-twilight-in-delhi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Influence of Organizational Politics on University Teachers' Performance Shehzad Ahmed Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Asif Iqbal Co-Relational Organizational Politics Teachers' Performance The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship of organizational politics on the performance of teaching faculty of the universities of Pakistan. The nature of the study was descriptive. The public sector universities of Punjab were the population of the study. The researchers randomly selected the four universities, i.e. the University of the Punjab Lahore, Bahaud din Zakria University Multan, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi and The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Two questionnaires, namely Organizational Politics by Vigoda (2007) and Teachers Performance Evaluation Scale (TPES) by Shehzad and Farooqi (2016), were adapted for the study. The statistical techniques t-test and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were applied to analyse the data. It was inferred that organizational politics had significant impact and relationship with the performance of university teachers. It is recommended that a qualitative approach may be adopted to get a further in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore, FSD Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/influence-of-organizational-politics-on-university-teachers-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Epistemological Beliefs and Philosophical Perspective of the Science and Mathematics Teachers about the Nature of Science Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary Hina Noor Tariq Javed Epistemological Beliefs Inquiry Nature of Science Philosophical Perspectives Scientific literacy Science Teaching The focus of the research was to find science teachers' philosophy about the nature of science NOS in philosophical perspectives serving in the public sector universities of Pakistan. The descriptive research method was used to investigate the difference in perceptions of the science teachers about NOS on the basis of gender and subject. An online questionnaire was utilized in order to gather data from respondents. Different constructs of NOS were identified to explore. The female teachers had more understandings about NOS than male teachers. The teachers of mathematics were positivists and decontextualized view of NOS. Male teachers were having an inductivist view of NOS. Physics teachers believed in inductivism. The teachers of chemistry were having process and realism view of NOS. Mathematics teachers were found to have contextualized NOS. It is recommended to provide orientation to science teachers in order to build NOS towards concept clarification during the process of the teaching-learning process. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. SST, Federal Government Public School No. 2 (Boys), Tariqabad, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/epistemological-beliefs-and-philosophical-perspective-of-the-science-and-mathematics-teachers-about-the-nature-of-science https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teachers' report on Status of Communication with Hearing Impaired Children in Special Schools of Punjab: An Evaluation of Current Linguistic Competence of HIC Hina Noor Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary Tariq Javed Communication Children with Hearing Impairment Special Schools Punjab Special Education Teacher Development of communication skills in children with hearing impairment (HIC) is one of the major goals of rehabilitation for these children. Information about current trends and communication status of HIC is a prerequisite for communication skill-building plan development. For the exploration of the current communication status of HIC studying in public special education institutes of Punjab, a survey was conducted. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to get data from teachers working in 30 randomly selected institutes. A self-developed questionnaire (Cronbach alpha, 0.8) was mailed to get data. SPSS was used for quantitative analysis of data obtained from 107 questionnaires containing information about 886 HIC studying in the special schools. Sign language was found as a common mode of communication. Those using an oral mode of communication were at the word level. The aural approach of teaching was getting acceptance from the teachers. Provision of hearing aid and improvement in speech therapy services were recommended. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. SST, Federal Government Public School No. 2 (Boys), Tariqabad, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/teachers-report-on-status-of-communication-with-hearing-impaired-children-in-special-schools-of-punjab-an-evaluation-of-current-linguistic-competence-of-hic https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cooperation in Israeli-Saudi Relations: Impact on Iran in the Middle East Sumeera Imran Sarim Akram Bacha Zafar Khan Arch Rivals KSA Political Landscape Region Polarisation The study explores the transformation in great power politics and factors affecting the dynamics of the Middle Eastern political landscape, such as the relationships between ideological arch-rivals of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Israel. The closing up of the relationship between KSA and Israel is a historic transformation, holding immense potential embodying change in the strategic landscape of the Middle East. The article argues that the changing dynamics of global power politics has polarised the political dynamics of the Middle Eastern region along opposite poles. The US, China and Russian involvement in the Middle Eastern region have pushed the ideological arch-rival of KSA to the US and Israel, pushing Iran to tilt towards Russia and China in the region. Therefore, the significance of the study lies in the changing nature of international structure and the way this shift has impacted the inter-dynamics of Saudi-Israeli cooperation in the Middle East. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, FCS, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, University of Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, IR, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cooperation-in-israelisaudi-relations-impact-on-iran-in-the-middle-east https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysis of Online Workshop as a Medium of Instruction and Communication: A Case Study of Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Muhammad Ayaz Rooh Ul Amin Khan Salman Khan Distance Education Perception Satisfaction RPs Education is unavoidable for the survival of humans being. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Islamabad, is one of the institutions which plays an effective role in the cause of education. The objective of the study is to see the perception and level of satisfaction of the students and Resource Persons (RPs) about the online workshop offered by the AIOU for the Spring Semester 2020 (SS-2020). Data was collected through questionnaires. The population consists of B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) students and RPs who have conducted the online workshop. A sample of 300 students, including 200 male, 100 female students and 20 RPs, were chosen for the study. A convenient sampling technique was applied to the study. The study was a descriptive quantitative in nature. The data were analyzed by applying percentages. Results revealed that the majority of the students and RPs were satisfied with the online workshop as it provided an inclusive environment of learning and supported their learning. It shows that online workshop plays a momentous role in the delivery of education. The study in hand was significant for the teachers and students of AIOU. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-online-workshop-as-a-medium-of-instruction-and-communication-a-case-study-of-allama-iqbal-open-university-islamabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Clash of Economic and Religious Fundamentalism in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden Atta-ul-Mustafa Muhammad Asaf Amir Sardar Ahmad Farooq Fundamentalism War on Terror Globalization Glocalization This study aims to understand the clashes between American economic fundamentalists and Islamic religious fundamentalists in South Asia regarding Nadeem Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden (2013). The study explores that the economic entrepreneurs of the neo-imperialists give birth to counterproductive acts of religiosity. It shows how the ugliness of economic hunger is adroitly hidden behind the polished face of globalization, just as the priggish and snobbish religiosity of Muslim fundamentalists encloses their avarice for power and wealth. Using Tariq Ali's theory of Clashes of Fundamentalisms, the study proves that the root cause of civilizational clashes is the outcome of conflicts of interests between Western economic fundamentalists and Muslim religious fundamentalists. The study concludes the economic, political, cultural and strategic motives working behind the goals of establishing neo-imperialism through the elimination of borders for neo-liberalist gains in the wake of the war on terror. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-clash-of-economic-and-religious-fundamentalism-in-aslams-the-blind-mans-garden https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effectiveness of Newly Reformed Teacher Education Program of ADE/B. Ed (Hons.): Student-Teachers' Perceptions Kamal Ud Din Fasiha Altaf Almas Shoaib Teacher Education Student- Teachers Teacher motivation Teaching Expectations In Pakistan, the teacher education program has undergone a number of changes in terms of a new curriculum, quality measures and certification policies. The present study has attempted to assess the effectiveness of the program from student-teachers' perspectives. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 student-teachers from four public sector universities. An initial descriptive analysis showed that teaching quality has slightly improved. An institution with a better learning environment was better at meeting student-teachers expectation. Only 12% of the participants reported that 100% of their expectations were met, while 40% of the participants reported that 80% of their expectations were met by the program. There was no association between Strengths of the Program and Sex' as, ?2 (2, n = 165) = .588, p >.05, phi = .06. The association between Program Level (ADE, B. Ed) and Perceived Strengths of the Program was statistically significant as ?2 (3, n = 165) = 24.725, p >.0005, phi = .380. Institution Type and Perceived Strengths of the Program were also statistically significantly associated as ?2 (9, n= 165) = 80.060, p<.05. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Curriculum Developer, SHF (Super High Frequency), University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effectiveness-of-newly-reformed-teacher-education-program-of-adeb-ed-hons-studentteachers-perceptions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Urdu, Punjabi & Pothwari: Striking Similarities & Uniqueness of the Three Indo-Aryan Languages Salma Qayyum Samina Qayyum Najma Qayyum Epenthesis Metathesis Deixis Honorifics Folk Linguistics Urdu, Punjabi and Pothwari are the three most widely spoken languages in Pakistan and India. Historical invasions and colonization resulted in the dispersal of the local population, causing numerous dialects of each language. There are different theories and myths about the historical connection of these languages. One such theory says that Pothwari is a variant of the Punjabi language. This might be due to the perception that Pothwari has so far been unable to claim the status of an independent language and thus, has a subordinated, relegated or inferior social status. The main reason behind this might be the folk linguistic perceptions that connect this great Oriental language with the uneducated and the unrefined. Though Urdu, Punjabi and Pothwari have sprung from the same ancestral source, they have developed uniquely over centuries. This article explores how the shared features between these three languages have diverged over time, causing great linguistic diversification Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/urdu-punjabi-pothwari-striking-similarities-uniqueness-of-the-three-indoaryan-languages https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Postmodernist Critique of Michaelides' The Silent Patient Ayesha Ashraf Saba Zaidi Asim Aqeel Jean Francois Lyotard Postmodernism Metanarratives Mininarratives Intertextuality Characterization This critique endeavors to analyze Alex Michaelides' novel The Silent Patient (2019) in the light of Lyotard's theoretical philosophy of postmodernism. Postmodernism is a contemporary movement that poses significant challenges to conventional assumptions of knowledge, rationality, truth, and objectivity. The concept of postmodernity also involves the discussion of a complex set of ideas and theoretical discourses which resist a fixed definition and final closure. Jean Francois Lyotard's theory of postmodern metanarratives versus mininarratives was proposed and published in his The Postmodern Condition (1979). For this study, textual analysis as a research method has been used to trace the presence of postmodern characteristics in certain words, dialogues and conversations between the characters. The research ends with findings and recommendations for future research. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & Dean, Department of English Language and Literature, SBK Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-postmodernist-critique-of-michaelides-the-silent-patient https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Analysis of Improvement Framework Implementation at Multinational and Local Food Manufacturers in Pakistan Tamour Abid Chaudhry Muhammad Shafiq Multinational Local Food Manufacturers Multinational and local food manufacturing is one of the fastest-growing industries around the global food markets. The current study aimed to explore the improvement framework of both multinational and national food manufacturing companies of Pakistan. This present qualitative study employed a phenomenological research design to explore the phenomena in-depth. The interview protocol was developed to collect the data. A convenient sampling technique was used to draw a sample of the study where three respondents were selected from multinational and three from local manufacturers. Data were qualitatively analyzed to identify significant themes. The key finding of the study was that the multinational companies engaged in food manufacturing and catering services in Pakistan are having a comparatively better management system. The current study also revealed that local organizations still need an update in their system as their efforts are not up to the mark. The study further recommends that there is a dire need to update customer response management system at national level organizations. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Institute of Quality and Technology Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Quality and Technology Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-improvement-framework-implementation-at-multinational-and-local-food-manufacturers-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Forensic Chromatography of Documentary Evidence and its Role in Solving Dark Cases to Provide Justice Shabana kouser Jatoi Raana khan Muhammad Nouman Jatoi Chromatography Documentary Evidence Handwriting Examination Expert Forensic Labs Modern Techniques The aim of writing article in hand is to critically determine whether in our legal system any attention is paid towards recovering, preserving, collecting, and covering the documentary and digital evidence and using modern techniques to analyze it sufficient to ensure its admissibility in national and international courts. This article has completed this task by conducting a purely qualitative study of case laws and critically examining 2014 international protocols documentation and investigation of sexual assault cases. The main objective of this research is four-folds. First are what standards followed internationally for this purpose. Secondly, to review case laws in which guidelines are provided for documentary physical and digital evidence? Thirdly to deeply analyze those new techniques up to what extent are followed in Pakistan. Fourthly and finally to recommend /suggest that new techniques of Forensic, namely chromatography, should broadly be used in the investigation not only in whitecollar crimes but as well as in other civil and criminal cases. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Faculty of Law, Dada Bhoye Institute of Higher Education Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Faculty of Law, Dada Bhoye Institute of Higher Education Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Advocate of Sindh High Court, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/forensic-chromatography-of-documentary-evidence-and-its-role-in-solving-dark-cases-to-provide-justice https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Abusive Supervision: Group-Level Perception and Retaliation Farah Samreen Sadaf Nagi Abusive Supervision Prosocial Work Behaviors Deviant Work Behaviors Prior research provides various views on subordinates' workplace deviated behavior as retaliation against supervisory abuse, the effect of abusive supervision (AS) on subordinates as a group and their interpersonal relations gets poor attention. Grounded on the social exchange theory, the present study presents a model where a group of subordinates exhibits seemingly opposite discretionary behaviors in integration to combat supervisory abuse. In particular, this study posits that subordinates who experience abuse from the same supervisor form a group. This group bond provides them with enough power to involve in deviant behavior against their supervisor and supervisor's favored coworkers. Multiple source data were collected, and linear hierarchal regression in addition to process macro methodology was used for data analysis. Findings support the mediation hypotheses partially. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/abusive-supervision-grouplevel-perception-and-retaliation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Importance of Forensic Protocols with the Role of Forensic Experts and Sindh Police at Crime Scene: A Case of Sindh Danish Bashir Mangi Raana Khan Shabana Kausar Jatoi Forensic Science Police Investigation Sindh Police and DNA The study was conducted specifically to examine the role of forensic experts and Sindh police in investigating various crimes in the Karachi and Hyderabad areas. Forensic science can use technical expertise to detect, identify and prosecute criminals. In Pakistan, the application and understanding of forensic science in law enforcement agencies is increasing. This research has been analyzed with the help of qualitative research methodology. When forensic experts were asked if forensic evidence in court is a comprehensive defense, it was found that about 93.3% has agreed on it, while 6.7% denied it. When police participants were asked if modern forensic techniques could give immediate results in any case, 58.8% agreed, while 41.2% refused. This signifies that 58.8% of police respondents have less forensic knowledge and acquaintance. The biggest obstacles are lack of funds and lack of trained personnel, equipment and laboratories. The future of forensic science in Sindh will depend on overcoming the barriers and strengthening capacity building and improvement. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Faculty of Law, Dadabhoy, Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Head of Department, Faculty of Law and Director Post Graduate Program, Dadabhoy, Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar, Faculty of Law, Dadabhoy, Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-importance-of-forensic-protocols-with-the-role-of-forensic-experts-and-sindh-police-at-crime-scene-a-case-of-sindh https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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North American Aboriginal Philosophy of History: A Historical Thick Interpretation of Deloria's God Is Red Qasim Shafiq Sahar Javaid Sadia Waheed Historical Thick Interpretation Historiography History Native American Literature Philosophy Native American history, for its ceremonial/cyclic time sequence, is often seen as a part of Native American mythology. Regarding civilization, Euro-American historians compare it with Reason, and hence, undermine the view of Native American history as the factual assessment of the aboriginal world. Deriving methodical approaches from the insights of Norman K. Denzin, this article aims to explore within the domain of Native American non-literary writings the nature of Native American history. The analysis of the methodical connection between historical thick interpretation and its praxis in Native American historiography illustrates the dynamics of Native American philosophy of history disregarded by Eurocentrism. This analysis employs critical techniques anchored in the historical thick inscription proposed by Denzin to understand the philosophy of Native American history Vine Deloria Jr. represents in God Is Red concerning modern historiographical modes. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/north-american-aboriginal-philosophy-of-history-a-historical-thick-interpretation-of-delorias-god-is-red https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Micro-Takaful by Takaful Operators in Pakistan: Problems and their Solutions from the Practitioners' Perspective Mohammad Ayaz Maryam Saeed Muhammad Ather Ashraf Challenges Micro-Takaful Pakistan Solutions Takaful Operators This study investigates the underlying reasons behind the limited offering of micro-takaful(insurance) products by takaful operators in Pakistan and suggests solutions to enhance thegrowth of micro-takaful products in the country. The study is qualitative in nature. The researchers conducted atotal of twenty (20) semi-structured interviews of relevant Islamic finance practitioners (5 sales heads, 5 businessheads, 5 product development heads, and 5 sales agents) working at all five takaful operators (Dawood FamilyTakaful Ltd., Pak-Qatar General Takaful, Pak-Qatar Family Takaful, Pak Kuwait Takaful, Takaful Pakistan Limited)operating in Pakistan. NVIVO 12 software was used for generating items, codes, word clouds and text searchqueries. According to the findings of this study, the issues faced by practitioners include the poor financialcondition of the public, lack of sufficient funds with takaful operators, lack of cooperation among takaful operators,lack of customer awareness and interest, lack of takaful experts and diversified takaful products, absence of aculture of takaful practices, and lack of research and product development in the field of micro-takaful.Academicians should develop suitable micro-takaful products according to the needs of the public, and theregulator can require takaful operators to offer micro-takaful products. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Banking and Finance, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/microtakaful-by-takaful-operators-in-pakistan-problems-and-their-solutions-from-the-practitioners-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Poetic Negotiations: Salad Bowl Feminism in Selected Poetry of Fehmida Riaz, Pat Mora and Joan Loveridge-Sanbonmatsu Kalsoom Khan Mumtaz Ahmad Malik Mujeeb ur Rahman Postcolonial Feminism Hegemonic Feminist Discourse Intersectionality Patriarchy Race Class Nationality The research attempts to evaluate the depiction of women's oppression in specific postcolonial contexts at the hands of the interlocked power pattern formed by manifold factors like patriarchy, class conflict, religion, ethnicity and imperialism in the selected poetry of the renowned Pakistani poetess Fehmida Riaz, the Latino American Poetess Pat Mora, and the Japanese poetess Sanbonmatsu. It applies the theory of Postcolonial Feminism to bring to the fore the oppression of postcolonial women at the intersection of gender, class, race, religion and culture, hence, offering a critique of Western Feminist discourse and its slogan of sisterhood, which tends to erase heterogeneity in women's situations across the globe. The theory of Third World Feminism as well as the portrayals in these poetic compositions from a variety of postcolonial social formations, highlight the fact that postcolonial women are not a monolithic and archetypal suffering category as presented in Western discourses; instead, their resistant agency and subversive subjectivity also stands at the center of their creative writings. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar,Department of English,National University of Modern Languages,Islamabd, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/poetic-negotiations-salad-bowl-feminism-in-selected-poetry-of-fehmida-riaz-pat-mora-and-joan-loveridgesanbonmatsu https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Reconsideration of Feminine Sensuality in Twilight in Delhi: Indian Women in Fiction Kanwal Zahra Aisha Jadoon Feminism Post-colonialism Psychoanalysis Marginalization Discursive Representation Modernist discourses centralize feminine sensuality as an indicator of a female’s autonomy; generally, they denounce religious or traditional constraints related to its expression. In particular, liberal feminism rejects normative constraints on female sensuousness, which are argued to enforce gendered restrictions. Amid these popular considerations, there has been a remarkable increase in interest in postcolonial women’s approach to sensuality. Being perceived as sensually submissive by their faith, the question which continually surfaces is: is the sensual ethics of postcolonial women shaped by their religion? Or are they shaped by the societal considerations and values of the society they are born into? This paper addresses this question by considering the varied choices of sensual behaviour adopted by female characters in the postcolonial text, Twilight in Delhi, written by Ahmad Ali. By approaching the decadent culture of Delhi in this novel from a feminist perspective, this paper analyses the feminine sensuality of the Indian women and considers their assumptions about what counts as an appropriate choice for them within the cultural context of Indian society. This paper concludes that the sensual inhibition of these women is conditioned by the cultural bias towards the female gender that connects shame and guilt with their sensual desires in a traditional Indian society. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-reconsideration-of-feminine-sensuality-in-twilight-in-delhi-indian-women-in-fiction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Politics of Electoral Symbols in Pakistan Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Electoral Symbols Pakistan Voting Symbolism Political Parties Electoral symbols have a significant role in electoral campaigns. Political parties used stamps to propagate their political stance and to organize political behavior around their programs. The political symbolism demonstrates different meanings to different people due to their socio-political orientations.Some political parties tried to use electoral symbols more proactively than others. These multi-layered meanings led to the articulate political interests of social groups. There are many questions unanswered regarding the impact and use of the political symbol. Can election symbols influence particular areas more than the rest of the country? Does electoral symbol matter in electoral victory? This paper is an attempt to explore the politics and use of symbols in electoral politics. In the electoral politics of Pakistan, the study of electoral symbols is unique due to its multiple uses in highly polarized electoral contexts. The study concludes that political parties use electoral symbols tactfully to maximize their vote bank. A qualitative approach has been used to investigate a core question Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University-Islamabad, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/politics-of-electoral-symbols-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Instability in Afghanistan and its Impact on the Security of Pakistan Manzoor Khan Afridi Rubina Ali Afghanistan Pakistan Obama FATA South Asia Security implausibility due to a long history of conflict and the poor governess made a major contribution to making Afghanistan one of the unstable countries in the world, which poses a potential security risk for their surroundings. Instability in Afghanistan has a great impact on the security of Pakistan.Afghanistan's ability to overcome its security problems has a significant impact not only on the security and development of Pakistan but also the entire region. Furthermore, this paper will provide an overview of the importance, suggestions, and security policy of Pakistan. The Obama administration's strategy in Pakistan, particularly-in FATA, in which US drone strikes occurred, has generated insecurity in Pakistan. Therefore, the Imran Khan Government severely opposes the drone strikes and calls it a violation of the sovereignty and honor of the country.Finally, the paper highlights insecurity and instability in Afghanistan has serious regional implications. Consequently,a stable Afghanistan is more likely to make a contribution to regional security and serve as an economic partner Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/instability-in-afghanistan-and-its-impact-on-the-security-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Women in Academic Debates: Analysis of Academic Scholarship on Islam and Women Politics in Pakistan Saiqa Jabeen Shouket Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Islam Knowledge Women Politics Pakistan The primary purpose of parliamentarian is to make legislation to enable the lives of the people as per the requirements of the teachings of Islam (Quran and Sunnah) as described in Objectives Resolution 1949 and the constitution of 1973. In the parliamentary system of Pakistan, women's share as elected representatives is very low. Despite a low share in representation, there are some women's voices that reflect the sentiments of Islamic legislation. There is a wide array of academic scholarship on Islam and women's politics. This scholarship is divided into dogmatic conservative interpretation and liberal and modern interpretation. The dogmatic interpretive knowledge production is not in favour of women's political space but on the other side, modern liberal interpretive knowledge production explains the concept of modernity in Islam and favoured women's political participation. This paper explains the nature of knowledge production on Islam and women politics within the framework of dogmatism and modern interpretive perspective. The modern interpretivism claim that women have equal rights in political representation on the principle of gender equality. Dogmatists claim that women need to live as per prescribed limits set by the sacred injunctions. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Islamic and Religious Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/women-in-academic-debates-analysis-of-academic-scholarship-on-islam-and-women-politics-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature Muhammad Mussa Khan Riaz Ahmad Lloyd W. Fernald Educational Exchanges Public Diplomacy Soft Power Foreign Policy Preference is given to the recently published scholarship in prominent journals and publishers. Secondary sources of data related to educational exchanges and its role in diplomacy have been extensively studied. It was observed that whether it's a small country or a major player in the international politics, educational exchanges and bursaries play a vital role in promoting its soft image in addition to culture and history to the foreign audience. Some of the famous providers of scholarships to international students include the USA, UK and China. While recent studies show that China is rising to be the top provider of educational scholarships and the Chinese universities are rapidly getting top positions in the world ranking of universities. Through such initiatives, China's policies are getting acceptance to a greater extent in foreign countries. This study is of high importance to complementary research. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Media and International Culture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Assistant Professor, Department of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. Professor, Department of Management, University of Central Florida & Dean of Graduate Studies, Orlando University, Orlando, Florida, USA. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/diplomacy-and-education-a-systematic-review-of-literature https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Lived Experiences of Women Entrepreneurs Regarding Socio-Cultural Constraints in Entrepreneurship in Southern Punjab, Pakistan Mehreen Raza Inam Ullah Leghari Ahmedpur East Entrepreneurship Gender Lived Experiences Multi-Sited Ethnography Socio-Cultural Challenges Southern Punjab Women Entrepreneur The research paper investigates the socio-cultural constraints faced by women entrepreneurs during startup and expansion of their entrepreneurial ventures in Ahmedpur East of District Bahawalpur through documenting their lived experiences. The research is primarily a multi-sited ethnography and utilizes qualitative research methods such as in-depth semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions on collecting primary data from a selective sample of 25 entrepreneurs ascertained through sampling technique. The study highlights gender-specific socio-cultural challenges such as social perceptions and biases, work-life balance, patronage of male family members, restricted mobility owing to Purdah and low recognition and payment of women's work etc. as prime reasons that hinder not only women participation as entrepreneurs but also inhibits their engagements and choices in entrepreneurship. Socio-cultural factors not only systematically impact women's social interactions and decision-making but transform into multiple other challenges that women fight and struggle with while making their space as entrepreneurs. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/lived-experiences-of-women-entrepreneurs-regarding-sociocultural-constraints-in-entrepreneurship-in-southern-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Reconnoitering the Impact of Motivation on Teachers and Students to Use L1 in L2 Classroom Muhammad Ahsan Zahoor Hussain Muhammad Gulfraz Abbasi First Language Second Language Motivation BS BA/BSc B.Com The purpose of the current study was to explore the impact of motivation on teachers and students to use L1 in the L2 classroom. To find out an obvious understanding of this subject matter, the study focused on the 156 teachers and the 577 students who were teaching and learning English at graduation level in different public sector colleges and universities of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. The data were analyzed through SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-Test and Cronbach's alpha. The results of the study indicated that the learners and the teachers showed highly positive perceptions regarding the use of L1 in the L2 classroom. The majority of the respondents preferred using L1 in certain situations for specific reasons such as while learning about grammar and its usage in the L2 classroom, discussing course policies, attendance, and other administrative information, explaining some difficult concepts, to give directions about exams and in introducing the aim of the lesson, to discuss tests, quizzes, and other assignments appropriately at BS level Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Layya Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English, Government College Murree, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/reconnoitering-the-impact-of-motivation-on-teachers-and-students-to-use-l1-in-l2-classroom https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Impact of Delegation of Authority on Job Satisfaction, Job Performance and Organizational Growth at Higher Educational Institutions in Sindh Syed Gul Muhammad Shah Anjum Bano Kazmi Delegation of Authority Job Satisfaction Job Performance Organizational Growth Higher Educational Institutions of Sindh The present study is explanatory research that adopted a cross-sectional survey design to achieve the objectives of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain data from the teachers. The data were collected from n=10 public and general private universities of Sindh. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.22 and AMOS v.22. The findings revealed that firstly, a delegation of authority has a significant impact on job satisfaction because (?= 0.928, and p value=0.000). Secondly, a delegation of authority has a significant impact on job performance because (?= 1.047, and p value=0.000). Thirdly, job satisfaction has a significant impact on organizational growth because (?=0.407, and p value=0.000). Fourthly, job performance has a significant impact on organizational growth because (?=0.141, and p value=0.000). Therefore, this study recommends that the practice of delegation of authority should be adopted in public and private universities. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Iqra University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Speech and Language, Iqra University Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-delegation-of-authority-on-job-satisfaction-job-performance-and-organizational-growth-at-higher-educational-institutions-in-sindh https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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21st Century Leadership Skills Practiced by School Leaders in Pakistan During COVID-19 Pandemic Mehr Bakht Salma Nazar Khan Gerardo L Blanco 21st Century Leadership Skills School Leaders and Practices 21st-century leaders need strong leadership skills to effectively lead schools. They must use and implement 21st-century skills for long term change. The study aimed to identify the practices of secondary school leaders of Rawalpindi city about [recommended] 21st century 4 Cs leadership skills (Competence, Character, Compassion & Courage) during the pandemic of Covid-19. This was exploratory research following the quantitative research approach. One hundred and nine school leaders were selected through a simple random sampling technique to complete an adapted survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing and reporting the findings. Quantitative data analysis indicates that school leaders are using 21st-century leadership skills during Covid-19, but the level of use is dissimilar to the recommended 21st century 4 Cs leadership skills. It was identified that school leaders use relationship (mean= 4.21), Accountability (mean= 4.45), and Self-Belief (mean= 4.37) skills more than other sub-skills in their leadership practices. The findings recommend that policymakers and professional development organizations should plan workshops on these recommended leadership skills for school leaders so they can perform well under situations like Covid-19. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Academic Director, Center for International Higher Education. Boston College, USA. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/21st-century-leadership-skills-practiced-by-school-leaders-in-pakistan-during-covid19-pandemic https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Metadiscourse Markers in Political Discourse: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Hedges and Boosters in Benazir Bhutto's Speeches Arshad Ali Athar Rashid Shahid Abbas Metadiscourse Markers Political discourse Benazir Bhutto Corpus Assisted. Metadiscourse markers play an important role in academic, media, and political discourse. Political leaders use discourse markers to express their ideas and thoughts persuasively and compellingly. The paper identifies the interactive meta-discourse markers in Benazir Bhutto's speech and explains how the use of meta-discourse markers, such as boosters and hedges, can strengthen or weaken the impact of political discourse. The data used for compiling the corpus consists of thirteen randomly selected speeches by Benazir Bhutto delivered between 1989 and 1997 and explained using Hyland's (1996) concept of metadiscourse. The findings show that hedges have been used more frequently than boosters. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactional meta-discourse markers used by politicians to shape their messages to enhance the impact of their political narratives. It also helps to understand how rhetorical devices are used by speakers to express doubts or certainty in their speeches. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/metadiscourse-markers-in-political-discourse-a-corpusassisted-study-of-hedges-and-boosters-in-benazir-bhuttos-speeches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Presence of Balanced Growth: Empirical Evidence from Denmark Ghulam Yahya Khan Muhammad Masood Anwar Aftab Anwar Balanced Growth Consumption Investment Output cointegration Time Series Impulse Response Variance Decomposition The aim of present study was to explore existence of long-run association between consumption, income and investment implied by Balanced Growth proposition of Neo-classical-growth-model of the Solow and Swan (1956). Using quarterly data on consumption, income and investment from 1995q1 through 2018q4. The study have tested the balanced growth hypothesis for the Denmark. Using standard Vector-Auto-Regression technique of Johansen (1988) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) analysed the output shocks to both consumption and investment. Although, there exists cointegration implying long run relationship, the results are not consistent with the balanced-growth-hypothesis (BGH) with given data sample for Denmark. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-presence-of-balanced-growth-empirical-evidence-from-denmark https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Glocal Game of Chess in South Asia: A Tridimensional Study of Rahman's In the Light of What We Know Atta -ul- Mustafa Ali Usman Saleem Qasim Shafiq Globalization Glocalization Great Game South Asia War on Terror With Dirk C. Van Raemdonck's theory of 'tridimensional game of chess in South Asia', this study explores how the Great Game of chess has encompassed the board of Afghanistan into the strategic and economical range of global as well as local nations. In this regard, this study delimits Zia Haider Rahman's 'In the Light of What We Know' to examine the role of great (US, India), little (Pakistan, Saudi Arabia), and local (ISI, UNAMA, AfDARI, militants, etc.) players respectively. The three-level players struggle to win their politicoeconomic and geostrategic motives. The delimited novel exposes that the little and local players are playing the game of proxy to fetch their own designs. This study concludes that great global players/forces ensnare little and local players and misuse them as white and/or black pieces respectively to win their gains. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/glocal-game-of-chess-in-south-asia-a-tridimensional-study-of-rahmans-in-the-light-of-what-we-know https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Towards Harmonizing the Mythic and The Modern in Erdrichs Tracks: A Magical Realist Perspective Mumtaz Ahmad Asma Haseeb Qazi Sahar Javaid Magical Realism Myth Native American Woman Oral Tradition Storytelling This article is an endeavor to provide an insight into Native American novelist Louise Erdrich's use of the magical-realist technique in an attempt to harmonize the mythic and modern conceptions of reality represented by the Native American and Euro American subjects, respectively. The article demonstrates that in an attempt to seek a way possible to intertwine the two cultures, to wed the Native and the European ideologies of the world into accommodative space and to strike out the all-pervasive differences between the two people inhabiting the same land, Erdrich delves into the structuring principles of each culture's conceptualizing and internalizing the reality and the faith in it, and presents them as simultaneous albeit contrary versions of the same events, suggesting the possibility of simultaneous and harmonious co-existence of the two views, each retaining its essential outlook and yet respecting and accommodating the other. Employing Bower and Paula Gunn Allen's theoretical postulations of magical realism as a particular discourse embedded in the mythic and cultural beliefs of the Native American subjects, the article explores the mythic and modern formulations of female identity in Native American magical-realist fiction Tracks. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/towards-harmonizing-the-mythic-and-the-modern-in-erdrichs-tracks-a-magical-realist-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Gender Perception in Multi-cultural Classroom Discourse Samiullah Khan Sanam Wagma Khattak Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh Multicultural Discourse Gender Society Behavior Respondent Societies shape people in and outwards look with different connotations such as gender, attitude and behavior. Humans are the product of society, and each society is different in terms of the environment created by the dwellers. There are societal taboos that are common and similar in most societies of the world, but such cultural affinities are due to the geographical association and the impact of globalization. Common norm, which is practiced in one society is not acceptable in other society, whether it is within a country or in another country. For example, house chores and taking responsibility for the care of the husband is appreciated in Libya, but the same practice is not considered a stereotype in turkey. Women craze for ornaments in South Africa, similar to the customs in Libya and turkey. The discourse of the participants reveals a cultural perception that varies from person to person and culture to culture. Thoughts and behavior are made by society, and the same thoughts are changed with a wave of time. Humanity Publications Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Director, Indus Center for Sustainable Development, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/gender-perception-in-multicultural-classroom-discourse https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Socio-Cultural Barriers of Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in South Punjab Pakistan Hasan Ghaffoor Muhammad Farooq Sadaf Mahmood Water Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) Socio-Cultural Cultural Norms Social Mobilization Southern Punjab Pakistan Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is the basic right of every human being which directly influence health and social outcomes. Without adopting a project to its cultural settings, the project has very little or no chance for success or to be sustainable. The objective of the present study was to examine the socio-cultural barriers towards safe water, sanitation and hygiene practices in southern Punjab, Pakistan. It was a mixed method of research comprising qualitative and quantitative design. The qualitative data was collected through FGDs, and quantitative data was collected through an interview schedule. It was found that Cultural constraints like satisfaction and reliability towards traditional and myth-based norms are hampering the water, sanitation and hygiene practices. It is necessary to start comprehensive programs of WASH sector development with a special focus on social mobilization for the transformation of social norms along with resource allocation to improve WASH conditions/practices. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sociocultural-barriers-of-safe-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-practices-in-south-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Status Quo, Monetary Loss-Aversion and Forecasting - An Approach to Investment During Amygdala Damages & Asymmetry Muhammad Awais Sadaf Kashif Asif Raza Status Quo Monetary Loss-Aversion Forecasting Investment The research essay aims to understand investor's ability to forecast having the perception of status quo and monetary loss-aversion in the situation of amygdala damages and asymmetry during decisions regarding stock's investment and use of several techniques to make efficient investment decisions based on optimal forecasting. The objectives of this study are to inquire about the irrationalities in investors at the time of stock's investment, having status quo and monetary loss-averse bias of investors at the time of amygdala damages and asymmetry and find-out the ways to deal with these situations. A qualitative research style was used for data collection for the subject study. Partially-organized discussions were arranged to get information in detail. A sample of 15 experienced stock marketers and brokers and 35 investors from the Pakistan stock exchange were selected for this study. This inquiry found the definite type of edgy and biased investor's attitude in the market and also found their solutions. This study perceptibly peaks the ways to deal with stress and biasness through optimal forecasting techniques and some other suggestions. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics & Finance, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Iqra University Islamabad, Pakistan. Head of Business Operations, DPL (Pvt) Ltd. Islamabad, Pakistan 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/status-quo-monetary-lossaversion-and-forecasting-an-approach-to-investment-during-amygdala-damages-asymmetry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Women used as Weapons of War in Conflict Zones: A Case Study of Indian Held Kashmir Post 1990 Noor Ul Ain Nasir Haseeb ur Rehman Warrich Noshaba Nargis Women Weapon of War Conflict Zones Indian Held Kashmir This Qualitative in-depth study aimed to explore whether women are treated as a weapon of war in conflict zones. Women are exploited, and their feminity is used against them as a weapon, and Indian Army troops deployed in Indian occupied Kashmir are leaving no stone unturned to harm and disgrace the Kashmiri Community by raping and harassing their women. Women living in Indian Occupied Jammu and Kashmir are the main consideration. 11 in-depth interviews were conducted with the native Kashmiris living in Indian held Jammu and Kashmir. Ethno National Conflict theory was employed to further understand the entire scenario. Findings of the research study suggest that Kashmiris are suffering under the tranny and illegal oppression of the Indian army and the brutal policies. Women are indeed treated and ill-treated as a weapon of war in conflict zones like Kashmir, and ethnic cleansing has been a major goal of the India army in Indian held Kashmir. Humanity Publications Lecturer, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Arts and Media, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/women-used-as-weapons-of-war-in-conflict-zones-a-case-study-of-indian-held-kashmir-post-1990 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Representation of Male Dominance in the Character of Heathcliff in E. Bronte' Wuthering Heights: A Critical Discourse Analysis Abdul Karim Khan Ihsan Ullah Khan Abdus Samad Emile Bronte Critical Discourse Analysis Wuthering Heights Fairclough's Tree Dimensional Model (TDM) The present paper is the discursive interpretation of dominance and barbarity in Bronte's Wuthering Heights. The researcher's main aim of the study is to explore the issues under consideration through Critical Discourse analysis (CDA). It is the best way to address power relations and dominance. Fairclough's (1989) CDA approach is the basic tool for the analysis of any kind of discourse/text, i.e., spoken or written. CDA is suitable for the analysis of texts which deals with power relations, hegemony and dominance, as well as violence. The research examines the relationship between cognitive, textual as well as Socio-cultural levels of discourse. Fairclough's (1989) framework of CDA has been used in the current research study so as to maintain diverse methods for analyzing ideological processes and power relations in the text. Research on Heathcliff and other characters is also recommended from the perspective of feminism, stylistic or marxism Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English & Applied Linguistics, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English & Applied Linguistics, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/representation-of-male-dominance-in-the-character-of-heathcliff-in-e-bronte-wuthering-heights-a-critical-discourse-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Critical Discourse Analysis of Discursive Reproduction of Ideologies in Pakistani and Indian Press Media in the Aftermath of Pulwama Attack Arif Khan Ghani Rahman Sajid Iqbal Discourse Critical Discourse Analysis Ideology Editorial Pulwama Attack Kashmir The present study, based on Van Dijk (2005) ideological square model, aims to show how the two countries, i.e., Pakistan and India, represent each other through their newspaper's discourse. Using Van Dijk's (2005) framework (positive self-presentation, negative other-presentation) for discourse analysis, this study examines linguistic features in fifty editorials of three Pakistani and three Indian English newspapers. The aforementioned model adopted from Politics, Ideology and Discourse is used to detect discursive structures within editorials and to discover the hidden ideologies. Besides, the researchers have used different discursive strategies such as actor description, euphemism, evidentiality etc., for microanalysis. Moreover, the macro analysis has been done by using the macro strategies, i.e., positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. The study revealed that Pakistani editorials used micro strategies more than that Indians. The study also revealed that Pakistani editorials relied mostly on positive self-presentation, while Indian editorials focused on negative other-presentation. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Malakand, Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-discursive-reproduction-of-ideologies-in-pakistani-and-indian-press-media-in-the-aftermath-of-pulwama-attack https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Impact of Going Public Decision on Company Performance: Evidence from Pakistan Ihtesham Khan Sikandar Shah Wisal Ahmad SECP PSX IPO CDC Operating Performance Market Performance This study inspected the association of company performance with the choice of IPO of the firm's registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. In particular, two dimensions of performance, Return on Sales and Return on Asset as operating and Tobbin Q as Market performance as dependent variables, Bank debts, Capital Expenditure, Ownership Concentration, Sales Growth and Firm Size as independent variables along with the age of the firm as control variable have been used. Sample of 40 Pakistani IPOstaken for the period of 2005-2016. OLS inferences confirmed that the performance of both pre-IPO and Post-IPO show an influential association with the independent variables. This study provided a path to smaller firms that are in the process to go public. Whereas glimpses for the investors also provided who want to add profitable securities to their portfolio bucket. Humanity Publications Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MS (Management Sciences), Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-going-public-decision-on-company-performance-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Qualms about the CEDAW by the Muslim States: Analyzing Women Rights in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran Zaheer Iqbal Cheema Zarfishan Qaiser Khushbakht Qaiser Qualms of Muslim States to CEDAW Women Rights in the Muslim States and Implementing CEDAW Convention in the Muslim States The incompatible reservations have adversely affected the uniform application of the CEDAW Convention. A significant number of incompatible reservations have been formulated by the Muslim states. Such reservations have undermined the CEDAW provisions and conceivably doubt the state's accountability for its obligations under the Convention. The research comprises of two parts; first, it examines the reservations of the Muslim states in the context of their obligations under the Convention. Second, it adopts an analytical approach to analyze women rights in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran (as a non-state party). Our findings reveal that despite the incompatible reservations, the Muslim states that have ratified the CEDAW Convention have shown significant improvement in women rights as compared to the states that are not members of the Convention. It suggests that Muslim states should revisit the scope of their reservations and adopt a rational approach towards women rights and fulfilling the obligations under the CEDAW Convention. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University Law College, New Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University Law College, New Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/qualms-about-the-cedaw-by-the-muslim-states-analyzing-women-rights-in-pakistan-saudi-arabia-and-iran https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Towards Automatic Updates of Software Dependencies based on Artificial Intelligence Naveed Jhamat Zeeshan Arshad Kashif Riaz Automatic Updates of Software Dependencies Upldate Based on Artificial Intelligence Automatice Software Dependencies Updation Software reusability encourages developers to heavily rely on a variety of third-party libraries and packages, resulting in dependent software products. Often ignored by developers due to the risk of breakage but dependent software have to adopt security and performance updates in their external dependencies. Existing work advocates a shift towards Automatic updation of dependent software code to implement update dependencies. Emerging automatic dependency management tools notify the availability of new updates, detect their impacts on dependent software and identify potential breakages or other vulnerabilities. However, support for automatic source code refactoring to fix potential breaking changes (to the best of my current knowledge) is missing from these tools. This paper presents a prototyping tool, DepRefactor, that assist in the programmed refactoring of software code caused by automatic updating of their dependencies. To measure the accuracy and effectiveness of DepRefactor, we test it on various students project developed in C#. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Lahore, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. Department of Computer Science, Government Post Graduate College Satellite Town, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/towards-automatic-updates-of-software-dependencies-based-on-artificial-intelligence https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Translation from Pashto to English: An Analysis of Deforming Tendencies in the English Translation of Abdul Ghani Khan's Poetry Raees Ahmad Liaqat Iqbal Irfan Ullah Pashto English English Translation Abdul Ghani Khan Poetry Intending to identify that how meaning in the source text has been reproduced in the translated text, the study attempts to investigate deforming tendencies used in the selected poems of Abdul Ghani Khan translated from Pashto into English by Imtiaz Ahmed Sahibzada. Imtiaz Sahibzada has translated 141 poems from the mammoth corpus of Abdul Ghani Khan's Poetry into English and named it The Pilgrim of a Beauty. Using judgmental sampling, ten poems were selected and were analysed in the light of Antoine Berman's (1965) Text Deformation System which includes twelve deforming tendencies. While analysing the translated text in comparison with the source text, deformation in terms of semantics and the syntactic structure was found. Abdul Ghani Khan's poetry translation is considerably deformed, and the translator has little maintained the composition, musicality, and structure of the source text because of different reasons. He has deformed the beauty of the source text poems at the cost of the message due to the use of various deforming tendencies. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Deaprtment of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/translation-from-pashto-to-english-an-analysis-of-deforming-tendencies-in-the-english-translation-of-abdul-ghani-khans-poetry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Qualitative Study of Dyadic Coping among Couples Dealing with Burden of Chronic Illness Misbah Arshad Bushra Bibi Dyadic Coping Burden of Illness Cardiovascular Diseases Diabetes Hypertension The present qualitative study aimed in-depth exploration of dyadic coping among couples dealing with chronic illness. There were 12 couples (six females and six males) with chronic illness and their healthy partners were interviewed. The in-depth interviews were conducted through interview guide based on Systematic Transactional Model (STM) (Bodenmann, 1995) and lived experiences of participants. The results were analyzed by using (Braun & Clarke, 2006) method of thematic analysis. The results revealed that female diagnosed partners showed less supportive dyadic coping to deal with physical and emotional burden of their chronic illnesses as compared to chronically ill male partners. However, the economic hardships is equally stressful for both members of the couples resulted in negative dyadic coping. The therapeutic assistance should be given to improve the dyadic coping among couples to deal with burden of chronic illness and live with better quality of life. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-qualitative-study-of-dyadic-coping-among-couples-dealing-with-burden-of-chronic-illness https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Investigating Sociocognitive Functions of Mother Tongue in a Postgraduate EFL Classroom in Pakistan Hassan Syed Farhan Bhutto Tanweer Syed Mother Tongue Second Language Learning Sociocultural Theory Medium of Instruction Higher Education Language Policy Recent studies, however, have shown that MT serves a symbolic tool and can be way more effective in L2 learning than the exclusive use of TL. While many studies have examined the extent and functions of MT, only a few have explored the sociocognitive functions using Vygotsky's sociocultural (SCT) framework. The present study, therefore, adopted SCT to examine the amount and sociocognitive functions of MT. Classroom observations and stimulated recalls interviews were used to collect data from MBA students (n=6). Results showed that, learners MT use made up only 14% of the total amount of speech in L2 classroom. Most importantly, MT performed important functions, such as scaffolding, intersubjectivity and cognitive regulation. MT facilitated vocabulary learning in L2 through scaffolded help; created intersubjectivity by increasing motivation, reducing anxiety, and helped internalize L2 through cognitive self-regulation. A number of implications for classroom pedagogy and language policy have also been discussed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Airport Road, Sukkur, Singh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Sukkur IBA University, Airport Road, Sukkur, Singh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Airport Road, Sukkur, Singh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-sociocognitive-functions-of-mother-tongue-in-a-postgraduate-efl-classroom-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Perceptions of Secondary School Female Teachers' About the Effects of Class Size on Learning Outcomes Samreen Mehmood Saira Shereen Madeeha Murad Female Secondary Schools Class Size Learning Outcomes (LO) The main aim of this study was to see the perceptions of female teachers of secondary schools about the relationship between class size and students learning outcomes. Variable Learning outcome (LO) was selected for comparing teaching in overcrowded classes versus small-sized classrooms. Primary data were collected from the same teachers who had the experience of teaching both overcrowded classes and small-sized classes. For overcrowded classes, it was hypothesized that teachers could very effectively achieve the targeted learning outcomes in small classes, whereas it is quite challenging for the overcrowded class teachers to achieve the targets. Reliability tests were carried out to check the consistency of the answers from respondents. The test Cronbach's alphas yielded acceptable to very good range. Learning outcomes (LOO) 4.04, Learning outcomes (LOS) 4.72. These results were further checked and reinforced through the use of One-sample t-tests. The majority of the same teachers, on the basis of the same statistical tests, have expressed that smallsized classrooms are relatively more appropriate for teaching. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, City University Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Chitral. Chitral, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/perceptions-of-secondary-school-female-teachers-about-the-effects-of-class-size-on-learning-outcomes https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Assessing the Impact of Vocational and Technical Education (VTE) for Human Capital Development in Balochistan Shoaib Younis Saubia Ramzan Nagina Gul Balochistan TVET System TVET Practices Human Capital Development Government Policies & Strategies Curriculum Design Curriculum Delivery Technical Vocational Education and Training Program, also known as TVET, is broadly recognized as one of the most prominent disciplines in the education system. Technical education, as included in Pakistan's national education policy, is concerned with the quality technological human capital leading to a national pool of skilled and self-reliant artisans, technicians and technologists in the fields of vocational and technical education. The descriptive research design was used, and a total of 625 students and 137 TVET institutes of Balochistan participated in the study. The instrument for data collection was an adopted, and amended questionnaire based on study constructs, and data were collected by the researchers. Opportunities lie in the emerging demand for skills in CPEC projects, global markets of Europe, the Middle East and neighboring Gulf states for conventional work and profits, national skills requirements, human capital optimization through workforce skills development, provincial incorporation of skills in major projects. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Management Sciences Business and IT, University of Balochistan Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakist 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-impact-of-vocational-and-technical-education-vte-for-human-capital-development-in-balochistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley Faisal Khan Junaid Babar Zahir Hussain Water Mill Swat History Archeology Culture The paper deals with the architecture and function of watermills in Swat valley. Watermill is a seldom-used term; however, it has played a significant role in the socio-cultural and economic lives of people in the past. This research work explores the case study of water mills in the Swat region. It examined in detail its processing and operation. The watermill was not only an instrument used for grinding purposes but also determined the mode of production, class system and social values of people. Modern technology has though changed people's behaviors and social formations up to a large extent, but it couldn't erase people's memories and history. A qualitative method has been used for conducting this research work. An ethnic-archaeological method was focused on recording the history of this tremendous ancient technology which contributed widely to the socio-cultural context of people. Humanity Publications Visiting lecturer, University of Swat, Mingora, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. MPhil, Quaid Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/structure-function-and-historical-importance-of-watermills-in-the-swat-valley https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Impact of Work Overload and Fear of Negative Evaluation on Employees Performance: Analyzing the Role of Frustration at Work Place Sardar Ali Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman Work Overload Fear of Negative Evaluation Employee Performance Frustration Banks The study focused on the most critical issues like work overload and the fear of negative evaluation, and here we measured the impact of work overload and the fear of negative evaluation in addition resultantly occur the role of frustration on employees' performance in Commercial Banks of Islamabad, Pakistan. An online and by hand floated questionnaires were distributed to the employees to obtain feedback. The target population for this study were Banks' managerial and administrative employees. Based on the convenience sampling design, 240 employees from 35 banks were approached. 199 completely filled questionnaires were received out of 240 employees. The collected data was analyzed using Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modelling Method and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for analysis and the reliability test, for all items of each scale and satisfactory results were obtained. Results show that work overloads negatively influence employee performance. Similarly, fear of negative evaluation also creates an adverse impact on performance. Humanity Publications Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-work-overload-and-fear-of-negative-evaluation-on-employees-performance-analyzing-the-role-of-frustration-at-work-place https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Development of Social Skills: A Study Comparing Male and Female Students' Social Skills in Public Schools of Lahore Tallat Rashid Kiran Shehzadi Farzana Yousaf Social Skills Elementary Level Social Studies Showing Respect Accepting Rights and Responsibilities The study explored the developed social skills between male and female students at the elementary level. A total of 550 Students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling in the district of Lahore. Explored social skills included accepting criticism, showing respect, solving problems, accepting rights & responsibilities and tolerance of individual differences. A scale consisting of sixty-nine items was developed and standardized through factor analysis. The instrument was checked and ensured for reliability measures using Cronbach's Alpha (r = .75, p < .05). Five factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis using the principal component matrix measuring students' level of social skills at the elementary level. Results of the study showed statistically significant difference based on the gender of the student for the subscale "accepting criticism", revealing male students being more developed in social skill compared to their female counterparts, whereas female students were found more mature for the social skill requiring tolerance of individual differences as compared to male students. The study has implications for future researchers and school authorities. Humanity Publications University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/development-of-social-skills-a-study-comparing-male-and-female-students-social-skills-in-public-schools-of-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Developing Emancipatory Thinking through Narratives in Antebellum America Amir Jamil Bahramand Shah Antebellum Close Reading Narratives Emancipatory Thinking New Historicism Literature has served as one of the most convincing tools for developing emancipatory thinking among Americans, particularly the colored people in the antebellum period. The current research paper is an attempt to study and explore how emancipatory thinking was developed through literature which is, generally considered to be more fictional than factual. Through the close reading of the selected narratives written during the period, the researcher has attempted to unearth various aspects and relate them with the factual accounts of the time in order to investigate their closer relationship with each other. This required a theoretical framework that would enable us to juxtapose the literary and non-literary texts to have an actual picture of the situation; therefore, the non-literary journalistic writings during that period have been studied parallel to the literary narratives. The findings and discussion developed in this study also suggest that further studies may also be conducted in order to dispel the misconception ascribed to narratives of the antebellum period that narratives are imaginary scattered accounts of the authors which are much exaggerated than to have elements of realism. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Area Study Centre, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad/ Lecturer Department of English, Hafiz Hayyat Campus, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Area Study Centre, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/developing-emancipatory-thinking-through-narratives-in-antebellum-america https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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English Literature Reading as Gendered Activity at Educational Primary Level Zainab Akram Sadia Suleman Khan Maroof Bin Rauf Literature in English Reading English Curriculum Gender English is the certified language of Pakistan and intermediate of teaching in private schools. Learning an FL might be frustrating and challenging for some young learners. Stories in English as literature are an effective technique to teach young learners. This paper attempts to explore if reading stories in English as part of literature is a gendered activity with differences of interest by boys and girls. The study used a Reading Attitude Survey modified from Downing Object Activity Opinion and the Finnish questionnaire. The findings depict that stories in the schoolbooks are enthusiastic and are suitable according to learners' curiosity and standard. Results further specified that the general mainstream of students understands reading as an action that is more appropriate for girls, thus supportive of the study's hypothesis. The results also suggested that the gender-based insights strengthen with age for both boys and girls. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/english-literature-reading-as-gendered-activity-at-educational-primary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Political Development and Pakistan Studies at 10th Grade: An Analytical Study Alia Ayub Khadija Karim Shabana Akhtar 10th Grade Political Development Secondary Level Textbook Content Political participation and unity of nation on political affairs in the country to increase the participation of youth in political affairs their political development is a basic requirement. Pakistan studies support creating political awareness among the youth of the nation. This research study investigated that how the 10th grade 'Pakistan to study textbook' creates a political sense among the youths. This study was conducted through content analysis of 10th-grade textbooks, and the students' political development level was also measured through a survey questionnaire focused on the questions related to political development elements. The sample for content analysis was 10th grade Pakistan studies textbook, and for the survey was 120 students of 10th grades enrolled in secondary schools of Quetta city. Major findings high lights that political development was not supported by the Pakistan studies textbook. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, SBKWU, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, SBKWU, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, SBKWU, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/political-development-and-pakistan-studies-at-10th-grade-an-analytical-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Pak-U.S. Relations: An Analysis of Major Challenges (Post-9/11) Sultan Mubariz Khan Saiqa Hanif Shumaila Rafique U.S. Bilateral Challenges Strategic Harmony Nuclear F.M.C.T. Proliferation The Pak-U.S. relations have been through many ups and downs throughout the history of Pakistan. For most of the time during the cold war, relations remained either warm or normal except for some short periods. The ties went down the slope after the cold war and towards the onset of the twenty-first century. In addition to some drastic shifts in the regional and global political scenario, the incident of 9/11 proved a watershed for Pak-U.S. ties as well. Pakistan's decision to stand with America and her allies provided an opportunity for both the states to improve bilateral ties. Key challenges include, but not limited to, issues of trust and coordination, the problems of strategic harmony and divergence of interests and varied policies about arms and nuclear proliferation. Pak-U.S. relations have also been affected by their respective relations with other states. From Pakistan's perspective, it is essential not only to identify points of convergence and divergence with the United States but also to explore policy options to meet such challenges. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Lecturer, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Lecturer, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakus-relations-an-analysis-of-major-challenges-post911 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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US Policy of Regime Change: Interplay of Systemic Constraints, Leaders' Perceptions, and Domestic Pressures Muhammad Nadeem Mirza Ayesha Nayab Regime Change Systemic Constraints Domestic Pressure Leaders' Idiosyncrasies United States Iran Iraq Libya Bush Obama Trump How are the systemic constraints transformed through the transmission belt of leader's idiosyncrasies and domestic pressures in order to result in the outcome, which is the pursuance or non-pursuance of regime change policy by the United States? This study analyses the foreign policy decision making of President Bush vis-a-vis Iraq, President Obama vis-a-vis Libya, and President Trump vis-a-vis Iran. It raises the following questions: What is the US policy of regime change, and why and how has it pursued this policy? Why were the US policies different in Iraq, Libya, and Iran, and what have been the implications of these policies upon the region as a whole? While using neoclassical realism as the theoretical paradigm and using qualitative content analysis, this study hypothesizes that the interplay of systemic and domestic level variables results in the foreign policy outcomes in the form of action or inaction towards a particular issue. Humanity Publications Faculty Member, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Graduate, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/us-policy-of-regime-change-interplay-of-systemic-constraints-leaders-perceptions-and-domestic-pressures https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Examining the Psychosocial Barriers of Female Students in Academic Settings of Sindh: The Case of Public Sector University of Sindh, Pakistan Ali Siddiqui Tania Shabir Shaikh Barriers Female Psycho Social Students University The collective responsibilities and rights of female students are ignored in the academic domain of Sindh, Pakistan. The third world countries are a mirror image of it and highlight their declining condition in the educational perspectives of female education. The twelve Psychosocial barriers are highlighted in this study. They are analyzed to know about their extent in female students in one of the Public sector universities of Sindh, Pakistan. The quantitative design was adopted, and a questionnaire was used as the instrument to measure percentages and frequencies. A five-point Likert Scale was selected for the process of data collection measurement from thirty female participants of the English department. The thirty female students represented four academic stages in a co-academic setting. After the analysis of data through SPSS software, the results affirmed that female students do face problems to pursue their higher education in the shape of psychological fears, uncomfortable situations, adoption of different rough attitudes against her existence in academics, dominancy of the male colleague in academic and societal boundaries, cultural and parental disparities in mind sets that ultimately results to the unawareness of societal conservative norms established in educational setting of Universities in Sindh, Pakistan. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, English Language Development Center (ELDC), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET), Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Institute of English Language and Literature (IELL), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/examining-the-psychosocial-barriers-of-female-students-in-academic-settings-of-sindh-the-case-of-public-sector-university-of-sindh-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Acid Violence in Pakistan: A Study on Women Victims of Acid Attacks in Karachi Sadia Ismail Subhash Guriro Muhammad Kamil Lakho Acid Violence Gender Violence Women Victims Pakistan Acid violence is a horrible act of gender violence in orthodox societies. A study was conducted to know the reasons for the acid violence against women in Pakistani society. For this purpose, female acid attack survivors were recruited from Karachi city of Sindh province in Pakistan. We found personal conflicts and rejection of marriage proposals as major reasons for acid attacks on women. The majority of the victims are being humiliated due to disfiguring of body parts and forced to live in isolation. This study recommends strong legal framework preparation by government authorities to curb such incidents and rehabilitate acid victims. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, SMI University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Social Development, SMI University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Social Development, SMI University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/acid-violence-in-pakistan-a-study-on-women-victims-of-acid-attacks-in-karachi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Performance of Football Referees in Pakistan Yasmeen Tabassum Iqra khadim Hurria Hussein Self Efficacy Referee Football Referees and officials are a very important part of competitive sports not only because of their impact on players' behaviors and game outcomes but also because they ensure that competitions are conducted safely according to specific rules of the game. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship of these various levels to perform in numerous aspects of officiating. A second purpose was to evaluate proposed sources of referee efficacy as predictors of referee efficacy levels and performance. Football referees (n=100) who were officially members of different sports playing departments of Pakistan included HEC, completed a survey questionnaire that measured the experience as an official. Categories of Football Referees were divided into three groups of age, 25-35, 36-45 and 46-55. The result reported that the age category of 46-55 years old football referees had an optimal level of self-efficacy than other age categories 25-35 and 36-45. Humanity Publications Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Sports Archeology and Tourism, Youth Affairs, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Sports for Women, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-selfefficacy-on-the-performance-of-football-referees-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Information Communication Technologies Hauling Out University Students' Effective Learning during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study Rashid Minas Wattoo Muhammad Latif Namra Munir ICTs Effective Learning COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant improvements in the world's educational practices and has become a realization of the ideal of online education, whereas COVID-19 is a global problem that affects institutions of higher education (HEIs). The present study is based on the research question: what are the challenges and benefits of ICTs for hauling out university students' effective learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic? The study employed a qualitative research design, and a cross-sectional analysis approach was adopted to resolve the key research question. The research sample included 20 BS and MA level students, and during a session, an interview was conducted in the form of open-ended questions. The research concluded university students need internet access 24/7 within the premises and outside the university; in fact, they require free internet access. The study may suggest that the university may provide needy students with university data bundles and laptops. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/information-communication-technologies-hauling-out-university-students-effective-learning-during-covid19-a-qualitative-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Analyzing Feminine Subjectivity in Male Jingoistic Society: A Critical Study of Naheed's A Bad Woman's Story Amna Aziz Aniqa Rashid Tayyabba Yasmin Feminism Gynophobia Feminine Subjectivity Patriarchal/Jingoistic Society Woman Identity Oppression The present study tends to explore the feminine subjectivity as a heart-throbbing phenomenon for men that keeps on prevailing in a patriarchal society. This is an exploration into the life of Pakistan's renowned writer, poet and human activist, Kishwar Naheed. Her autobiographical writing Buri Aurat ki Katha (A Bad Woman's Story) probes into the life of a female character who is being restrained by society due to her achievements and fame but gender discrimination prevailing in society compelled her to consider herself a stigma. Naheed is taken as a representative character to project the reality of a patriarchal society that denies feminine subjectivity in society. It covers gynophobia over men's mind towards women powerful and independent existence in society. This study contextualizes within the border of feminism theory that covers threat to female identity by throwing light to the perspective taken by Kristeva's views on feminism, majorly focusing on male jingoistic society. The present inquiry spotlights the ways in which women suffer through threatened, identity crisis, abuse, and oppression that further leads woman's journey of life restrained under social commands. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-feminine-subjectivity-in-male-jingoistic-society-a-critical-study-of-naheeds-a-bad-womans-story https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Irrigation Sector Development: Agro- Economic transformation and Social change in Colonial District Multan (1849-1901) Abida Kausar Chuadhary Multan Irrigation Development Socio-Economic Transformation The aim of this research is to analyze the historical process of continuity and change that led to the socio-economic transformation associated with irrigation sector development in nineteenth-century Multan, thus supplying a missing piece in South Asian Regional economic history and it became unplanned revolution and modernization as happened with colonial Multan. The introduction of the perennial canal system and the commercialization of agricultural crops provided a real opportunity for the economic development of this region. What were the socio-cultural impacts of regional economic policies, and how it penetrates as processes of continuity and change? This research derives its frame of reference by mixing historical, qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The selected data is analyzed from a dialectical rationale approach to critical discourse. This research is based on original, unpublished official reports from British Indian Library London, Punjab Civil Secretariat Lahore. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/irrigation-sector-development-agro-economic-transformation-and-social-change-in-colonial-district-multan-18491901 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Information and Knowledge Influence the Relationship between Green Confusion, Greenwash with Purchase Intension Faisal Khan Muhammad Sufyan Muhammad Faizan Malik Purchase Intension Greenwash Green Confusion Information and Knowledge This study discusses the effect of greenwash and green confusion on purchase intention and determines the moderation effect of information and knowledge. The study is quantitative, so the researcher collected data from the university staff and faculty members regarding fast foods. This research study used the statistical package for social sciences to commence a quantitative study. The data was collected from 201 participants from the said population. The results assure that there is a negative relationship between greenwash and green confusion with purchasing intention. Therefore, the current study recommends that businesses reduce their greenwashing practices by not just claiming their "greenness" but also demonstrating the proof of their green products to avoid risk and customer misunderstanding. The result of the study confirmed that information and knowledge moderate the relationship between greenwash and green confusion with purchase intention. Furthermore, the companies will provide the committed environment with clear information. The study tries to fill the gap and improve the information and knowledge regarding fast food to the customer, which will improve the intention of the customers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Swabi, Anbar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, University of Swabi, Anbar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/information-and-knowledge-influence-the-relationship-between-green-confusion-greenwash-with-purchase-intension https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Begum Zari Sarfaraz: Her Role and Contribution in Pakistan Movement Shaista Gohar Nelofar Ehsan Ayaz Ali Shah Pakistan Movement Women Muslim League Elections Civil Disobedience Movement Referendum In this brief article, an attempt has been made to revisit the Pakistan Movement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, former North-West Frontier Province, which acquired a unique character in the sense that here the job of motivating the women was quite difficult because of the strict cultural values and way of life of women folk. Therefore the job of persuading women to participate in the freedom movement seemed difficult. In such circumstances, Begum Zari Sarfaraz rose up from the folk of Women and continued her effort despite discouraging conditions. In this paper, the role and contribution of Begum Zari Sarfaraz, the Khatoon-e-Sarhad, during the Pakistan Movement has been discussed and evaluated. In the line of this argument, the crucial struggle that she led during the final phase of the partition drama will be explored. As far as the literature on Begum Zari Sarfaraz is concerned, very little has been written on her personality as well as on her contribution to the cause of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/begum-zari-sarfaraz-her-role-and-contribution-in-pakistan-movement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Factors Affecting Economic Growth in Pakistan Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah Muhammad Muzammil Asghar Umber Riaz Exports Economic Growth Human Capital Investment Economic growth varies across different countries. Various potential factors have been identified over the years, but finding relevant determinants of growth has been a real issue for empirical investigation. This paper has attempted to examine different macro-economic variables that play a significant role in accelerating economic growth from 1970 to 2019. The econometric results show that human capital, financial development, and industrial production are the encouraging factors of economic growth, while the variable trade openness shows a negative effect on economic growth in Pakistan. Government should design policies to invest inhuman capital and fixed assets; this will create job opportunities for the people and leads to high economic growth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Crop Reporter, Crop Reporting Service, District Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-factors-affecting-economic-growth-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Legal Rights of Transgender (Khansa) in Islamic State Amjad Hussain Muhammad Arif Saeed Aas Muhammad Transgender Hermaphrodite Khansa Kantha Mukhannath Hijra Islamic Law Human Rights he Gender may be divided into three types: male, female, and a mix of both. The last one is known by different names, i.e., transgender, hermaphrodite, eunuch, mukhannath, khansa, etc.Due to their special physical features, they are given less importance in most of societies. The present research highlights the legal status and rights of transgender in Islamic society. The research finds that under Islamic law,there are no separate laws for the transgender except a few. Transgender has no fewer rights than a man or woman. Although transgender are accepted and recognized in the Islamic world, even then, examples of their rejection are also found. Therefore, it is necessary to educate society that every person is equally respectable,whether it is a male, a female, or a transgender. Where a transgender is similar to a male person, he is treated as a male person, and where a transgender is similar to a female person, she is treated as a female person. Anywhere it is difficult to ascertain a transgender as a male or female, a transgender is to be treated like a human being. The doctrinal method of research has been adopted to conduct the present study Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. LLM, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. LLM, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-legal-rights-of-transgender-khansa-in-islamic-state https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role of Quranic Communication for Betterment of Society Syeda Anousha Ali Bukhari Arsha Saleem Meer Rao Shahid Mahmood Quranic Communication Society Ideology Human beings always need guidance to live a peaceful and progressive life. There are numerous ideologies that came into being for the guidance of human beings. Quran is one of the divine books whose addressee is none but human beings irrespective of their region and religion. This study aimed to analyze and understand the role of Quranic communication for the betterment of human society. In-depth interviews were conducted with Islamic scholars, Educationists, and sociologists. Later, a focus group was also conducted to expand the scope of opinions in terms of experience and culture. An extensive analysis of conducted interviews and focus groups was made in light of different communication theories such as hermetic and diffusion of innovation. The analysis revealed that Quranic communication is equally useful and applicable for the betterment of human society of any era. This communication should be transformed into an ideological shape that could be implemented on human society. Humanity Publications BS Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-quranic-communication-for-betterment-of-society https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Bilingual Identity of Pashtoon Immigrants: Insights from Lahore Amina Khalid Arshad Ali Khan Bilingual Identity Language Practices Language Belief Language Management Multicultural The aim of this article is to examine the ways through which the immigrant Pashto speech community constructs their bilingual identity in the multicultural settings of Lahore. The participants for the research were selected through purposive sampling technique. The data of the study was collected via interviews from 10 adults of Pashto speech community, who have been living in Lahore for more than five years. The study is based on the philosophy of Spolsky's (2004) Language Policy Framework, which considers language practices, beliefs and management as different ways of constructing identities. The nature of the data is descriptive and qualitative, and thematic analysis was used while the data coding was performed through Atlas.ti software. The findings revealed that the Pashto speakers use their first language (Pashto) in their home environment to maintain their language, identity and culture while using Urdu and English outside their home domain at their workplaces. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/bilingual-identity-of-pashtoon-immigrants-insights-from-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Studying the Impact of Critical Issues on Islamic Education Asia Khatoon Rameez Ali Mahesar Asif Ali Raza Islamic Education Curriculum Awareness Financial Permanence Media This paper discusses Islam and education with reference to academic concepts of the education. It is very difficult task to build Islamic education in the non-Muslims countries, because non-Muslims have different traditions, cultural, political, and also in education. But we define some important issues in education. First; improving the public awareness in the Islamic schools where they cannot be good and lack the trust between Muslim and non-Muslim communities. So how we can improve the public awareness of Islamic schools and how we can enhance the trust of society. The second; financial permanence - in this issue, we improve the quality of education through sufficient income. The third issue in Islamic education is qualified teachers. How to improve Islamic education, train our students, and how to attract them towards Islamic education. The fourth; building the effective boards. They work as a backbone of Islamic education. The fifth one is of curriculum. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies and Arabic, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/studying-the-impact-of-critical-issues-on-islamic-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Multiliteracies and Multilingual Literacies of Young Children: A Study of Linguistic and Social Identities Ambreen Javed Sarwet Rasul Multilingual Literacy Practices Home Young Children Identity. Pakistan is a multilingual community where individuals communicate in more than one language for everyday communication. Literacy practices of young children in schools reflect the literacy practices of the broader social community. Same is the case with the use of literacy practices at homes. The data is collected by answering questions in questionnaires that are answered by the parents. The collected data is from three different social strata of society. The current study analyzes the literacy practices of young children at homes and the way they are associated with the broader social and cultural context. This includes the linguistic and literacy practices of young children during their playtime, their interaction with the members of the family and their exposure to the media and technology. These multilingual literacy practices that are practised at the homes constitute the social and linguistic identity of the individuals in the long run. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor / Chairperson, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/multiliteracies-and-multilingual-literacies-of-young-children-a-study-of-linguistic-and-social-identities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Relationship of Child Protection Rights Observance with the Students' Level of Satisfaction at Secondary School Level Khalid Rehman Khan Habib Elahi Sahibzada Manzoor Hussain Shah Child Rights Education Management Protection Rights Students' Satisfaction The aim of this quantitative descriptive study was to investigate the "relationship of child protection rights observance with the students' level of satisfaction at secondary school level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa". School management and students at the public sector secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the populations of the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 320 principals, 640 teachers and 3200 students from 320 randomly selected secondary schools. Three satisfaction scales of five-point Likert type options were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using percentage, chi-square (?2), and Pearson values. School management showed a significant relationship between child protection rights observance and the level of satisfaction of students. Observance of the fundamentals of child rights played a pivotal role in making sure the child protection rights. Students' mutual interaction did not impede the instructional activities of the school management through a significant number of the sample considered teaching as a hectic job. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra KP, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-relationship-of-child-protection-rights-observance-with-the-students-level-of-satisfaction-at-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Inclusive Growth Measurement Under Different Political Regimes of Pakistan Muhammad Masood Anwar Aftab Anwar Ghulam Yahya Khan Inclusive Growth Economic Growth Political Economy Political regimes Democracy Dictatorship. Existing literature focuses on the determinants and ways to enhance economic growth. This, however, neglects the growth benefit to society. Distribution aspect of economic growth is ignored in the previous decades. As a result, the world cannot enjoy the benefits of economic growth. In this paper inclusive growth index (IGI) is used which is constructed by the Asian Development Bank, 2011 to investigate whether the economic growth in Pakistan creates opportunities for the entire population on an equal basis and how political regimes affect the inclusive growth. Performance of the sixteen indicators of inclusive growth index is assessed over the period of 1978-2014, under two Democratic and two dictators' regimes. The result of the study shows that inclusive growth in Pakistan is low. However, the trend of inclusive growth in Pakistan is positive. Inclusive growth can be increase by increase the pace of economic growth besides democratic culture. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Kashmir Institute of Economics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/inclusive-growth-measurement-under-different-political-regimes-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Depiction of Kashmir in Media: A Corpus Assisted Study of Pakistani and Indian Newspapers Athar Rashid Arshad Ali Ameer Sultan Corpus Linguistics Indian Media Pakistani Media Analysis of Adjectives Kashmir Issue This work deals with the use of adjectives in the depiction of Kashmir in Pakistani and Indian Newspapers. This study investigates the differences between Pakistani and Indian media with reference to the representation of the issue of Kashmir. For this purpose, a corpus of newspaper editorial articles from both Pakistani and Indian newspapers was compiled. The data was tagged with help of AntTag and was analyzed using AntConc software to see the differences between Pakistani and Indian newspapers with reference to the representation of Kashmir. The findings suggest that there is a lot of differences between Pakistani and Indian media with reference to the use of adjectives for the depiction of Kashmir. The findings also suggest that the depiction of Kashmir in both newspapers is biased and subjective. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Department of Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/depiction-of-kashmir-in-media-a-corpus-assisted-study-of-pakistani-and-indian-newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Black Bodies White Culture: A Black Feminist [Re]Construction of Race and Gender in Morrison's Paradise Mumtaz Ahmad Fatima Saleem Ali Usman Saleem Race Gender Culture Black Feminism Morrison. 'This article intends to explore and expose through the analysis of Morrison's Paradise how the Afro American female writers [re]construct the potential of Afro American ecriture feminine to seek the true freedom and empowerment of black women by appealing them to 'write-through bodies'. To achieve this purpose, this article articulates its theoretical agenda, through the exploration of the work of the outstanding, widely acknowledged award-winning, English speaking Afro American female writer: Toni Morrison. Though it aims to highlight the significance and contribution of the Afro American female novelists towards broadening the frontiers of 'ecriture feminine', it does not aim to offer the generalized history of women writing in Afro American literature. It seeks to propose alternative ways of informed analysis, grounded in discourse and Feminist theories, to evaluate Toni Morrison's contribution to 'ecriture feminine'. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Guru Nanak Postgraduate College, Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Debarment of English, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/black-bodies-white-culture-a-black-feminist-reconstruction-of-race-and-gender-in-morrisons-paradise https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Exploration of Undergraduates Writing Motivational Strategies Samreen Zaheer Wasima Shehzad Motivational Strategies Writing Strategies Academic Writing The development of SRL strategies is an important challenge for teachers and learners in the context of academic writing. In addition, research in the essential field of academic writing is lacking, which adheres to traditional teaching methods and techniques for language teaching. The current study tends to fill the gap by exploring the undergraduates writing motivational strategies and gender differences. This project aims to analyze the contextual factors, including the cultural impact of their choice of techniques used in English writing tasks. Data was collected via self-reported questionnaires on motivational writing strategies (Teng & Zhang, 2015). The results revealed mixed findings in the use of motivational writing strategies and gender disparities concerning motivational techniques. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-exploration-of-undergraduates-writing-motivational-strategies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Analysis of the Problems in Learning English Words through Words Formation Processes by Undergraduate Students at Hazara University Muhammad Babar Ghani Rahman Sadia Ashraf Analysis Problems Words Formation Conversion Backformation Blending Prefixes Suffixes Acronyms. The present study analyzes the problems in learning English words through words formation processes by undergraduate students. The instrument of the test was used to collect data from one hundred seventeen undergraduate students selected through non-random convenient sampling. The findings of the study suggest that students had not acquired most of the English words through word-formation processes. The words formed through conversion, backformation, compounding and acronym were acquired less in number by students than the blending and abbreviation. The results show that undergraduate students had no significant difficulty in learning English common suffixes deriving English words as compared to the non-common ones. The common, occurring prefixes and suffixes forming new words were both difficult, but the suffixes were a bit more difficult than prefixes, while the non-common occurring prefixes and suffixes forming new words were both equally difficult for students. The idiomaticity of the words makes them difficult to learn. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-analysis-of-the-problems-in-learning-english-words-through-words-formation-processes-by-undergraduate-students-at-hazara-university https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Influence of Playing Venue on Testosterone and Cortisol Responses in Male Inter-University Volleyball Players Yasmeen Tabassum Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt Nabila Roohi Volleyball Player Testosterone Cortisol Playing Venue The present study aimed to examine the effect of playing venue on testosterone and cortisol responses in male volleyball players. Ninety-six players from eight different public and private universities were monitored during eight competitive matches playing against each other on a home and opponent's home ground. The matches played at home were also won. Testosterone (ng/mL) and cortisol (ug/dL) levels were analyzed before and after each match. A significantly (p 0.0001) pre-match reduction was seen in the testosterone level of players on the opponent's home ground as evidence which indicates that playing venue affects the players' behavior even they did not play the match. Whereas, significantly (p 0.0001) higher pre-match cortisol level of players was observed on an opponent's home ground before the commencement of the match. The present study concluded that playing venue strongly influenced the players' hormonal responses, and they perceive more stress while playing on the opponent's ground. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/influence-of-playing-venue-on-testosterone-and-cortisol-responses-in-male-interuniversity-volleyball-players https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Shift in Style with the Shift of Gender: Exploring Gender Based Style Differences in ESL Writing. Shazia Ayyaz Saleha Bazai Fouzia Rehman Khan Gender ESL Writing Style Essay Pronouns The present study examines the difference in ESL academic writing of boys' and girls' in their written assignments. It aims at exploring differences in ESL writing based on the variable of gender. The data site for this study was a Diploma class at the Department of English FC, NUML Islamabad, where it was collected from 24 participants, i.e., 12 boys and 12 girls, who were asked to write an essay. The conceptual framework of Swan (1992) underpins the present study. The data were analyzed through a qualitative and quantitative method. The study found that the subtopics highlighted in their writings were different and approached variedly. The study also showed that the girls' writings are more reflective and subjective, and they made use of personal pronouns more often, whereas boys prefer being objective and used a third-person pronoun. Also, their writings were more fact and figure based, which was absent in the essays written by girls. Humanity Publications University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's Univeristy, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's Univeristy, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/shift-in-style-with-the-shift-of-gender-exploring-gender-based-style-differences-in-esl-writing https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Nostalgic Impact on Characterization in the "Reluctant Fundamentalist" by Mohsin Hamid Ishtiaq Ahmad Abdus Samad Muhammad Shakil ur Rehman Nostalgia Reluctant Fundamentalist Changes Erica This paper aims at investigating the nostalgic impact on the characters in The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid. Nostalgia is regarded as the state of homesick or a mental sentimentality for one's past. Everyone is more or less nostalgic, and nostalgia plays a vital role in the lives and experiences of individuals in daily life. The present study is a qualitative and descriptive textual analysis. The Reluctant Fundamentalist has been examined by analyzing the words, sentences, characters and their actions from the nostalgic point of view. This study has investigated the nostalgic impact on the characters, especially on Changez and Erica, through the lens of nostalgia by focusing on their personalities, works, social lives, actions and reactions. This study has found that nostalgia influences and molds the lives and experiences of characters and individuals to an extensive extent. Changes and Erica spoil their lives but are not ready to come out of their nostalgic worlds. The Reluctant Fundamentalist has been analyzed and interpreted through different dimensions, but no one has discussed it from a nostalgia point of view before. So, this paper is a primary investigation and would surely contribute to the present stock of knowledge. Humanity Publications Qurtuba University of Sciences and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Department of English, Qurtuba University of Sciences and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/nostalgic-impact-on-characterization-in-the-reluctant-fundamentalist-by-mohsin-hamid https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Introducing Self-Assessment for Evaluating Learners in Pakistan Mahwish Farooq Khalid Ahmed Sahirish Farooq Self-assessment BS-rubric Assessment This study deals with the positive backwash effect of self-assessment on Second Language Learners in Pakistan. The hypothesis of this study is self-assessment will positively improve learners' performance. Therefore, small scale experimental research was conducted with fifty undergraduates of a public sector university. They were asked to write essays; those were also assessed by students themselves and also cross-checked by their language teacher. The 'Assessment Rubric of Punjab University for BS-level' was a research tool. Afterwards, all results were statistically analyzed in SPSS, i.e., dependent t-test. The results conclude the improvement in self-assessment to highlight the needs and demands for taking bold steps in traditional evaluation criteria that would ultimately become the cause for students' active participation and self-learning. Humanity Publications Department of English, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Education, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/introducing-selfassessment-for-evaluating-learners-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Experimental Study Regarding Impact of 7E's Instructional Model Based Instructions upon Student's Attitude towards Physical Education Subject at Higher Secondary School Level Faheemullah Khan Syed Zia-Ul- Islam Faisal Islam Student's Attitude Physical Education Higher Secondary School Level 7E's Instructional Model Constructivism means the realization of knowledge in mind and believes that students should construct knowledge rather than gaining it. Students should allow observing, manipulating, hypothesizing, experiencing to generate result knowledge rather than feeding. Impact of instructions based on 7E's instructional model upon student's attitude towards Physical Education and its comparison between the experimental and controlled group at both pre and post-test phase was checked by using statistical package for social sciences version (24.0). It was yielded that an instructional method using 7E's instructional model has a significant positive impact on a student's attitude towards physical education subject. The experimental group show a more positive response as compared to the controlled group. Humanity Publications Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan. Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-experimental-study-regarding-impact-of-7es-instructional-model-based-instructions-upon-students-attitude-towards-physical-education-subject-at-higher-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Balancing and Rebalancing of Judicial Autonomy: a Critical Analysis of Basic Structure Theory Bakht Munir Um e Noreen Judicial Autonomy 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Constitution Basic Structure Theory. With its restoration in March 2009, the judiciary exceptionally emerged as an independent state organ and sought autonomy from parliament, which embarked on another avenue of confrontation between these two organs. Considering past experience, parliament was committed to imposing modest restraints on the judiciary and ensured its representation in the process of judicial appointments to the Superior Courts in the form of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, which the court considered as an attack on its autonomy. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this research aimed to investigate the post-2009 judicial-legislative transition, which apparently started up with their confrontation and imbalance between these organs. Both state organs are striving to identify their constitutional bounds, which will ultimately lead to equilibrium between these organs. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Languages and Linguistics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/balancing-and-rebalancing-of-judicial-autonomy-a-critical-analysis-of-basic-structure-theory https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Role of Personality and Psychological Attributes of Financial Managers in Capital Budgeting Decisions: Case of Spinning Industry of Pakistan Nisar Ahmad Bilal Nafees Safyan Majid Personality and Psychological Attributes of Managers Capital Budgeting Decisions and Sequential Mixed Method Research The current study aims to investigate the role of personality and psychological attributes of finance managers in the success of their capital budgeting decisions in the industrial sector of Pakistan. For said purpose, we employ a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design. First, the MBTI scale is used to explore the personality traits of the managers working in spinning firms. Then based on the result of the MBTI scale, ten financial managers were selected for semi-structured interviews. NVIVO 11 was used to perform qualitative data analysis. It is established from the results of thematic analysis; the commander is the most effective personality trait of managers for the successful capital budgeting decisions followed by executive, defender, virtuoso, and logistician. Further, the present study also establishes a significant connection between the personality traits of successful managers and their Psychological attributes. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics and Business Administration, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Commerce and Finance, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-personality-and-psychological-attributes-of-financial-managers-in-capital-budgeting-decisions-case-of-spinning-industry-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Genderlect features in "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James Fasiha Ali Akbar Mamona Yasmin Khan Fariha Chaudhary Genderlect Communication patterns Rapport talk Report talk Established norms Language and Gender the communication gulf Gendered language not only focuses on what is said but also includes how to express that thought. This paper attempts to investigate the differences between the speech style of men and women. Data of ten passages have been collected from the novel "Fifty Shades of Grey" by E L James and analyzed qualitatively by using Deborah Tannen's Difference approach. The results of this study show that there are notable differences that distinguish men's communication pattern from women because of different established norms and culture of that society. Moreover, this study can be helpful to bridge the communication gulf between the two genders. Furthermore, this study can reveal to maintain a healthy atmosphere and raises awareness in society by understanding their different style of utterances. In addition, it also proves very helpful for the language teachers teaching to teach the learners according to their culture. Humanity Publications Research Scholar Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, BZU, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-genderlect-features-in-fifty-shades-of-grey-by-e-l-james https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Telemedicine: Current Obstacles in Telemedicine system Implementation in Rural Areas in Pakistan Mehwish Manzoor Shazia Nosheen Sairh Jabeen Digital Health Telemedicine M-Health SWOT E-health Telemedicine is well-positioned in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to revolutionize wellbeing care due, in portion to expending portable phone get to and web network. This paper assesses the basic components that can potentially facilitate or ruin the advanced wellbeing in Pakistan. The objective of this thing is to recognize the current computerized wellbeing ventures and considers being carried out in Pakistan, as well as the key partners included in these activities. We conclude that whereas telemedicine features a promising future in Pakistan, it is still in its earliest stage at the time of this study. In any case, due to the COVID-19 widespread, there's an increment in requests for digital health and execution of health outcome taking after worldwide social removing conventions, particularly in LMICs. And extend the digital health segment for the improvement of telemedicine frameworks in our country. Humanity Publications University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/telemedicine-current-obstacles-in-telemedicine-system-implementation-in-rural-areas-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Revisiting Ideological Boundaries of Pakistani Nationalism: A Study of Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden Atta-ul-Mustafa Ghulam Murtaza Ali Usman Saleem Nation Nationalism Globalism Globalization Pakistani Literature in English This study explores the shattered Pakistani nationalism in Nadeem Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013) in the context of the post-9/11 invading military globalism and reactionary social globalism. Focusing on Nadeem Aslam's hallmark work, 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013), this article not only explores the current foundationless nationalism of Pakistan as the byproduct of undue chauvinism instead of being the outcome of its real ideology but also stresses the need for renewal of ideological boundaries of Pakistan in the light of current sweeping effects of thick globalism. Being a diaspora and much influenced by the secularity of the host society, Aslam seems to be desirous of featuring the nationalist inscription of home society in accordance with the global world, as is revealed from the roles played by his characters like Mikal etc. in the novel. The study motivates us to revisit the national myths with an aim to devise the marks of nationalism, provided if we are to rehabilitate our national identity. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/revisiting-ideological-boundaries-of-pakistani-nationalism-a-stud-of-aslams-the-blind-mans-garden https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Influence of Development and Maintenance HR Practices on Work Engagement through Learning Goal Orientation Madiha Shabbir Omer Farooq Malik Development HR Practices Maintenance HR Practices Learning Goal Orientation Work Engagement The current study aims to examine the influence of bundles of development and maintenance HR practices on employee's behavior of work engagement through learning goal orientation. The sample size of the study was 370. Data were collected from different Pakistan oil refineries through a self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed through covariance-based SEM by using AMOS. Findings of the study confirmed the proposed study associations and revealed that both development and maintenance HR practices are positively and significantly associated with employee's behavior of work engagement and learning goal orientation partially mediates between the association of bundles of HR practices (development and maintenance) and work engagement. The authors contribute to the stream of knowledge by explicating the overall additive impact of segregated bundles of the development and maintenance of HR practices on work engagement through mediating effect of learning goal orientation between HR bundles and work engagement. Present study forwards implications for both theory and practice Humanity Publications Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Management Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/influence-of-development-and-maintenance-hr-practices-on-work-engagement-through-learning-goal-orientation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Qualitative Analysis of the Support and Conflicts of the Novice-Expert School Teachers Nazia Noor Syed Abdul Waheed Nadia Gilani Novice-Expert Teachers Support Relationship Conflict School Classroom Management Confidence Novice-expert school teachers' conflicts and support significantly contribute to the working relationship, teaching performance and retention. The present study aims to phenomenologically analyze novice-expert school teachers' experiences of mutual support and conflicts and how it helps their professional development. Seven expert and seven novice teachers were purposively selected from private and public schools from a district located in Punjab, Pakistan, who were interviewed to gain an insight into the phenomenon. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed employing thematic analysis guided by the selected qualitative approach. It was revealed from the themes and sub-themes that novice teachers get support from the expert teachers, and they developed self-confidence and techniques to manage a classroom, solve students' problems and adjust themselves in the school successfully. The study implies that the conflicts between novice and experienced teachers can be resolved through promoting mutual understanding, cooperation, and communication. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Educational Research & Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Research & Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-qualitative-analysis-of-the-support-and-conflicts-of-the-noviceexpert-school-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Environmental Performativity in Native American and Afro-American Womens Fiction: An Ecofeminist Critique of Erdrichs Tracks and Morrisons Beloved Mumtaz Ahmad Nighat Ahmad Amara Javed Afro-American Ecofeminism Eco-Performative Texts Environment Native American This article, evaluating the usefulness and applicability of the ecofeminist tenets upon the environmental fiction of Erdrich and Morrison, creates a new understanding of the preservation of the environment for engendering a more egalitarian relationship between humanity and nature. It presents the critique of the ways Toni Morrison and Louise Erdrich engage with the environmental themes and motifs using the historical connections of their communities with nature as a reference point via eco-performative texts. The overall scheme of the article, therefore, denies the anthropocentric approach upheld by the Euro-American world towards the environment and glorifies the biocentric approach revered and celebrated by the Native American and AfroAmerican lifestyle, emphasizing that in the cosmic scheme of nature, not just humans but non-humans, nature and environment are equal partners. The study concludes that Morrison and Erdrich have stressed in their fiction the ecocritical recognition of the inevitable interdependence of man and nature. Their fiction asserts that considering environmental issues to be human issues can positively affect the human attitude towards nature/environment. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Woman University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/environmental-performativity-in-native-american-and-afroamerican-womens-fiction-an-ecofeminist-critique-of-erdrichs-tracks-and-morrisons-beloved https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Lost Glory of Urdu Medium Schools: A Socio-Academic Survey on White Collar Parents' Perceptions about English Medium Schools' Superiority Muhammad Saleem Mubashar Nadeem Muhammad Amjad Abid English and Urdu Medium Schools Galli/Mohallah Schools Socio-Academic Perceptions Economic and Professional Needs This article descriptively unfolds the socio-academic perceptions of white-collar parents about the superiority of English medium over Urdu medium schools. An opinionnaire containing twenty-five opinion items was administered to fifty parents who send their wards to popularly known as English medium schools. The results of the study show that the majority of parents are fearful about the socio- academic or professional future of the children if sent to Urdu medium schools, which are either in the public sector or known as Galli/mohallah schools having eye-catching names. The study unfolds that a majority of parents themselves studied at Urdu medium schools, which, according to them, were once capable of catering to the multi-faceted needs of the students. Hence, the study invites the attention of the policymakers to address the issue and try to bring back the lost glory of the Urdu medium/public sector schools, which may guarantee the socio-economic future of students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government Islamia College Civil Lines, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecture, Department of Urdu, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-lost-glory-of-urdu-medium-schools-a-socioacademic-survey-on-white-collar-parents-perceptions-about-english-medium-schools-superiority https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Semantic Set of N-Word Choices in Afro-American Fiction: A Corpus Analysis of Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God Rizwan Aftab Asim Aqeel Saba Zaidi Afro-American Corpus Harlem Renaissance N-Word Semantics This study explores the linguistic selection focusing on the use of N-word choice by African-American fiction writers. This study explains the basic concepts of language and language use, language as a text and discourse, and also the function it plays within the context. With Halliday and Hassan's semantic set of choices, this study argues that Zora Neale Hurston does not seem aware of consciously using N-words in her novel, but her use of Nword linguistic choice to communicate the theme of race is in line with her true reflection of the society and culture she is born and bred in. Hurston might have used N-word deliberately both to appropriate lexical choice with that of characters' roles as many of the Harlem Renaissance writers did and to establish a kind of community building and collective cultural solidarity, the major determinants of Hurston's use of the N-word in Their Eyes Were Watching God. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, SBK Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/semantic-set-of-nword-choices-in-afroamerican-fiction-a-corpus-analysis-of-hurstons-their-eyes-were-watching-god https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Global Diagnostic Trends of Coronavirus Sidra Afzal Tania Naveel Mahira Afzal COVID-19 Infections Serology Radiotherapy Antigen-Detection Test Molecular Diagnosis For the last few months, COVID-19 has had a significant effect on clinical laboratory. This formalized with existing issues and difficulties for the laboratory evaluation of infections owing to extreme acute coronaviral syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The selection of the relevant respiratory tract specimen from the appropriate anatomical position is key to a timely and correct molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 at the right time in the pre-analytical process. Suitable steps are needed to safeguard laboratory personnel in order to provide accurate test results. The article is aimed at reviewing the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment therapy adapted to compete for novel coronavirus. The study is followed by reviewing 40-45 articles to critically evaluate and extract the possible therapies adapted in the different regions of the world. Serology, radiotherapy, antigen-detection test, point-of-care molecular diagnostics and other radiotherapeutic approaches are found to be efficient and used in several regions of the world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, HITEC-IMS Medical College, Taxila Cantt., Punjab, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. PHD, Communication officer, United Nations World (WFP), Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/global-diagnostic-trends-of-coronavirus https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship between Students' Perception of Assessment, their Exam Preparation Strategies and their CGPA at University Level Sadia Mushtaq Ahmad Farooq Mash'hadi Perception of Assessment Exam Prep Strategies Achievement Correlation Study University Level The major focus of this study was on the relationship of students' perception of assessment, their exam prep strategies and their achievement (CGPA). The study was correlational, and the survey method was used to find out the research problem. All the public sector universities of Punjab were considered as a population of the study, and only seven (07) public sector universities were taken as a sample. A total number of 1324 students were selected through a simple random sampling technique for the data collection. Two questionnaires, one for students' perception of assessment and the other for students' exam prep strategies, were adapted to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed through mean scores, standard deviation, correlation and t-test. The study findings showed students have different perception and the same exam prep strategies and also concluded a significant relationship between students' perception of assessment, their exam prep strategies and achievement. Based on the results, it is recommended that students should be clearly informed about the assessment practices for the improvement of students' learning. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman (Rtd), Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-students-perception-of-assessment-their-exam-preparation-strategies-and-their-cgpa-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Organizational Attributes as Determinant of Women Academicians' Career Development in Multan (Pakistan) Saima Afzal Nida Sheeza Rafi Norina Jabeen Organizational Structure Organizational Attributes Career Development Glass Ceiling Work Place Environment The study aims to explore Organizational attributes and their relation to career development. The career development of females was necessary for the country's economic progress. The data was collected through questionnaires from universities and two college female academic staff. The sample size was determined through a multi-stage sampling technique. The total sample size of the study was 301. The data were analyzed by applying simple linear regression. The findings of the study show that there are many issues related to the career development of females in organizational, but some have great influence such as Organizational/institutional behavior towards female employment, recognition of their work, standers of success, workplace harassment, biased attitude, glass ceiling, and transportation problems. Further researches must explore this problem at a broad level and include other sector female employees to identify their problems in career development. The government must formulate female-friendly policies to make it easier for females to work outside the home Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/organizational-attributes-as-determinant-of-women-academicians-career-development-in-multan-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Effect of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy on Depression Birah Khalid Beenish Malik Nagina Gul Depression (DEP) Machiavellianism (MACH) Narcissism (NARC) Psychopathy (PSY) The reason for this paper was to examine the impacts of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy on Depression in HEC University. The fundamental measures of the Dark Triads were obtained from past researches, which gave the foundation of our study facets. Information was accumulated via a questionnaire from 307 representatives from the Institution of Quetta. To accomplish the point, three propositions were built that constructed a link of depression with independent factors Mach, Narc and Psy. Data Analysis demonstrated that Mach, Narc and Psy particularly affect depression. Workload factor and workplace tackle with the difficulties they may confront invisibly. It is prescribed that more consideration be paid to the elements which can determine the workers and has developed a feeling of sadness, in the work environment, improving the development of workers just as the organization, with an emphasis on the efficient facets of dark Triads. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, the Institute of Management Sciences, University of Balochistan (UOB), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effect-of-machiavellianism-narcissism-and-psychopathy-on-depression https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Religious Orientation, Spirituality, and Life Satisfaction: A Gendered Perspective Sajid Mehmood Alvi Muhammad Tahir Saira Bano Religiosity Spirituality Religious Orientation Life Satisfaction Gender Pakistan In recent times, religiosity and spirituality have received much attention towards mental health, but very few investigations worked on their role on life satisfaction within the gender perspective. The present study, however, investigates the relationships between religiosity, spirituality, and life satisfaction among individuals residing in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan, with special reference to gender. For this purpose, a sample of 150 adults (71 men and 79 women) were selected by convenient sampling technique and was evaluated using validated versions of three scales: Religious Orientation Scale (ROS), Spirituality Scale (SS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS). Results indicate that religiosity and spirituality have a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction. Results of linear regression showed that religiosity and spirituality significantly predict life satisfaction. Women reported more religious orientation and spirituality as compared to men in the sample studied. The study is useful for both men and women, highlighting the importance of one's orientation towards religion. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social & Administrative Sciences, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor/Head, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities (FSSH), Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social & Administrative Sciences, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/religious-orientation-spirituality-and-life-satisfaction-a-gendered-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Cross-Tabulation Analysis of Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime: Evidence from Women Jail Multan, Pakistan Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh Muhammad Tariq Sana Sultan Crime Education Jail The crime rate in Pakistan has increased severely within the last decade. It may be because of high unemployment, increasing poverty, income, rising inflation and urbanized setups. Few noneconomic constraints are also responsible for it. The study has been made with reference to Women Jail Multan. The 70 female prisoners are selected via a random sampling method. The data are collected by interviewing them. The study has used the type of crime as the dependent variable. Purely crime-related variables and socio-economic factors of crime have been used as explanatory variables. Both purely crime-related variables and socio-economic variables have found effect size with the type of crime. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Sub Campus Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Student, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-crosstabulation-analysis-of-socioeconomic-determinants-of-crime-evidence-from-women-jail-multan-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Vision of Gender in Girish Karnad's Hayavadana: Functions of Multiplexed Corporal Masks Amara Khan Cultural Construct Disguise Gender Hayavadana Hybridity Mask Multiplex Play Patriarchal Revelation Theatre Through the integration of the local Yakshagana and the western Brechtian Epic theatre practices, Girish Karnad through Hayavadana (1971) has formed a brilliant theatre show. One theatrical device, apart from the folk-theatre motifs, is the utilization of physical masks on stage. The reading examines different techniques used by Karnad, which provide the staging of masks successful in theatre. It furthermore focuses on the objectives, techniques, and types of mask treatment in expressions of disguise and revelation at the physical level. The purpose of this exploration is to make a complete study of the expressive masks used in Hayavadana (1971) to interpret the proposed reality of the characters. The qualitative approach has been adopted as a methodology where the interpretive method of investigation has been engaged to search for the secreted meanings in the text. Professed through the lens of select theoretical structure, Hayavadana becomes a site of diversity and range. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/vision-of-gender-in-girish-karnads-hayavadana-functions-of-multiplexed-corporal-masks https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessment of Agricultural Performance of Districts of Punjab Based On Composite Agricultural Indicators Using Grey Relational Analysis Tehmina Fiaz Qazi Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi Abdul Basit Agricultural Indicators Districts GRA Punjab Sustainability The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Academic Head (Business Administration), Lahore Institute of Science & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessment-of-agricultural-performance-of-districts-of-punjab-based-on-composite-agricultural-indicators-using-grey-relational-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Vocabulary Barriers Experienced by University Students in the Process of Learning English as a Foreign Language Muhammad Ahsan Shahid Nawaz Syed Waseem Azhar Seemab Barriers Expanding Circle Inner Circle Outer Circle Vocabulary The purpose of this research was to analyze the vocabulary barriers experienced by learners of public sector universities and colleges situated in South Punjab. SPSS version 23 was used to check the frequency and percentage of the responses of the respondents. The bulk of the learners indicated that they fail to achieve sufficient vocabulary to satisfy their educational and social needs due to certain factors such as the scope and magnitude of the assignments given to the students meaning the number of words that L2 learners need to learn is extraordinarily large. Similarly, the difference between spoken and written English becomes challenging on the way of learning L2 properly. To overcome all these barriers, the role of English language teachers is vulnerable as he is regarded as the custodian of L2 classroom, especially in EC and OC Circle countries and Pakistan is included in OC Circle countries. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/vocabulary-barriers-experienced-by-university-students-in-the-process-of-learning-english-as-a-foreign-language https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Learning Management System (LMS): The Perspectives of Teachers Farzana Yousaf Kiran Shehzadi Areeba Haider Aali Learning Management System (LMS) Perspectives Qualitative Research Design Phenomenological Case Study Approach Thematic Analysis The emerging trend of the use of LMS (Learning Management System) in higher educational institutes is improving the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this research was to find out the perspectives of teachers towards the use of LMS. The phenomenological case study approach was the focus of this study. All the teachers who were involved in course, section, and teachers allocations in LMS were taken as the participants of the study. The sample was selected by purposeful and convenient sampling techniques. Six teachers gave interviews, while 12 teachers filled the open-ended questionnaire from three campuses of the University of Education, Lahore. Thematic analysis of data indicated that there were four main categories of faculty perceptions towards using the Learning Management System. These were advantages, disadvantages, features, and problems faced by teachers in LMS. The researchers recommended intensive training of university faculty and students in the employment of the LMS. Humanity Publications Lecturer, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/learning-management-system-lms-the-perspectives-of-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Hindus Us, Muslims, and the Rest Others in Roy's the Ministry of Utmost Happiness Syed Maqsood Alam Zahoor Hussain Muhammad Ahsan Hindus Islam Muslims Others Politics Racism Us This study explores self and othering in Roy's novel The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Roy took twenty years to complete this political romance. The narrator of this political romance talks about the others of Indian society, i.e., religious minorities, political traitors, and low caste groups. These others are always striving to secure a place in a biased Indian society. Their quest for identity has often led them to a blind alley where they have found themselves helpless and oppressed evermore. The situation has become worse under the government of the right-wing Hindu party BJP. This study is an attempt to explore the ways how the weaker part of the society is treated as another and outcast in a so-called secular state. Roy has presented the true face of India. This research tries to comprehend her mind and investigates The Ministry of Utmost Happiness multidimensional and multi-layered tale. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahaudin Zakariya Uinversity, Layya Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/hindus-us-muslims-and-the-rest-others-in-roys-the-ministry-of-utmost-happiness https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Process of Post Traumatic Growth in Trauma Victims in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study Samra Zubair Lodhi Seema Gul Post Traumatic Growth Qualitative Study Man-made Disasters Natural Disasters The facet of trauma as a constructive means is recent area of study in the field of Positive Psychology i.e, Posttraumatic growth. The present qualitative study is aimed to explore the process of PTG in the trauma victims of Pakistan. Total sample (N=40) having an equal number of participants i.e, manmade disaster (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) and natural disasters (n=20, Male=10 & female=10) was selected purposively. Interview protocol i.e, Semi-Structured Questionnaire was developed with the help of previous literature to go deep about the growth process in participants. The in-depth interviews were conducted on victims showing high Post-traumatic growth on PTGI. In-depth interviews were conducted, tape-recorded and transcribed. Themes were extracted out of bulk of the data through IPA to find out the process of PTG. Main themes were extracted and a Model of PTG was developed with the interaction of those themes. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/process-of-post-traumatic-growth-in-trauma-victims-in-pakistan-a-qualitative-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Demarcation and Preservation of Indigenous Knowledge and Culture. A Deconstructive Study of Mad Bear Sanniya Sara Batool Shahbaz Khalid Nafees Parvez Separation Preservation Nationalistic Approach Essentialist Swerve Ancestral Memory Desecration Tribal Centric Transgression Literary studies have historically focused on Native American literature as a reflection of the cultural and cultural history that underpins anthropological research. However, recent studies in Indigenous studies call for the themes and perspectives that see Indigenous past and present writers working on the idea of a state of dissolution that will work to regain ancestral memory and recognition with hegemonic trends of Euro Americans among other things. This paper attempts to clear the obscurity that Indians and Euro Americans are happily merged now having their hybridized identities and culture. BOYD wrote a cohesive, or national, life narrative that works on the concept of storytelling and ancestral memory that revives the historical narrative surrounding the tribal-centric mission and contributes to the re-interpretation of the monarchy and colonial practices by Euro Americans. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil English. Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/demarcation-and-preservation-of-indigenous-knowledge-and-culture-a-deconstructive-study-of-mad-bear https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Governance Issues Among Provincial and Federal Governments: A Causative Analysis of Pakistan and Way Forward Amid COVID-19 Sehrish Qayyum Umbreen Javaid 18th Amendment COVID-19 Governance Capacity NCOC Mix-Messaging Crisis Anxiousness among the world governments is high in emerging after the lock down due to the COVID-19 pandemic for stabilizing their economies. Countries like Pakistan feel this pressure much higher due to the prevailing informal economy, poverty, free media, and conspiracy theories.Dissolution of critical services powers under the 18th amendment of 'The Constitution of Pakistan 1973’ underscored differences among provincial autonomy. In this situation, estimation of federal government’s responsibility in crisis management, the role of NDMA, delayed creation of NCOC, and options for‘smart’ lock down was the dithering by the Federal govt which caused initial damage. Pakistan has a snacking history of 'basic democracies,' 'devolution of powers, and consolidated instructions for provincial administrative working from the Federal governments. This paper aims to study the impact of ‘Mix-Messaging 'in power exercise is studied under qualitative method with discourse analysis to find reasons behind governance challenges and way forward to deal with governance challenges during COVID-19 ranging from in-person to e-governance systems. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Pakistan Navy War College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Professor, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/governance-issues-among-provincial-and-federal-governments-a-causative-analysis-of-pakistan-and-way-forward-amid-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Critical Analysis of the Eurocentric Dimensions of Ghose's Aesthetic Views Asma Aftab Assimilation Colonized Intellectual Eurocentrism Native-Alien The present article has attempted to discuss the essential Eurocentrism of the Anglophone Pakistani writer Zulfikar Ghose that has shaped his subjective identity as well as literary outlook. The argument has used Frantz Fanon's theorization about the colonized intellectual whose exposure to foreign culture engenders anxiety and eventually becomes a precondition for his cognitive maturation. However, reading Ghose's prose, we find no traces of any such conflict in his subjective and artistic expression as he chooses to call himself a native-alien with an ambivalence which, turns many times, into an alienation, even outright rejection of his native identity as an Indian-Pakistani. The article concludes that instead of coming to terms with his native subjectivity, Ghose's voice remains Eurocentric as it is predominantly based on an explicit admiration and identification with the dominant English culture and his simultaneous distance from his native culture and its historical memory. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-critical-analysis-of-the-eurocentric-dimensions-of-ghoses-aesthetic-views https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Magical Realism: Portrayal of Human Suffering in The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake by Aimee Bender Aemen Murtaza Mamona Yasmin Khan Masroor Sibtain The Absurdity of Modern Life Faris's Magical Realism Feelings in the Food Magic Realism Ordinary Sufferings Magical realism is a genre of literature where fantasy and magic are normalized in reality, and the real world has an undercurrent of magical elements going on. The research is based on the qualitative method within the framework of the theory of Magical Realism presented by Wendy B. Faris (2004). The study at hand explores different aspects of magical realism in the selected novel by analyzing major themes according to Faris's theory of Magical Realism. The research aims to show how the typical presences of people in the novel have been super naturalized through heavenly magical realist segments. Moreover, the significance of this study lies in the fact that it explored seemingly opposite phenomena of 'magic' and 'realism' and established a connection between them. The study seeks to find how each character of the novel The Particular Sadness of Lemon Cake is enduring in their own particular manner, representing the suffering of individuals in the real world considering the situation after World Wars. This research will open the ways for future researchers to work in the direction of magical realism and enhance its scope in general. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Graduate College of Science, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/magical-realism-portrayal-of-human-suffering-in-the-particular-sadness-of-lemon-cake-by-aimee-bender https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Investigation of Drivers for Industrial Energy Conservation - A Step Towards Sustainable Industrial Development in Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Hassan Drivers Energy Conservation Industrial Sector Pakistan The industrial sector of a country is considered to be one of the most significant contributors to its economic and social growth. Pakistani industrial sector has been suffering from energy deficiency due to energy crises for the last two decades, and as a result, its performance has been badly affected. The current performance of this sector can be increased by the adoption of energy conservation measures (ECMs) which would lead to economic, social, and environmental benefits. This paper explores the significant drivers for the adoption of ECMs in manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan. It also evaluates the relative significance of these drivers in various contexts and provides a foundation to determine where to address effective policy efforts accordingly. For the investigation of a possible correlation of significant cited drivers with the type of industry (variable), a one-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey posthoc tests are also carried out. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-investigation-of-drivers-for-industrial-energy-conservation-a-step-towards-sustainable-industrial-development-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Technology: An Aid to the Physical Training Teacher Education Maheen Hashim Khan Burki Muhammad Usman Abdul Rasheed Technology Integration Physical Education Learning The dominance of technology is a universal phenomenon, and like every other aspect of life, education could not spare itself from its influence. The opportunities being offered by the modern technologies incorporated in physical education can produce remarkable outcomes. This study offers an exploration into the potential use of technology as an aid in physical education. It reflects the practical prospects that new technology offers and the ways it can be applied to improve the learning process in physical education classrooms. Teachers can take help from digital technologies for better engagement of the students. For this purpose, teachers can first adapt to the technology by different formal and informal learning sources like seminar, conferences, training program, self-education and peer group discussions. To avoid technology being a source of distraction, a well-designed and practically controlled system of technology needs to be introduced into the classroom. The overall understanding of the students can be improved by using technological aids. Humanity Publications Research Scholar MPhil Sports Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar MPhil Sports Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar MPhil Sports Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-technology-an-aid-to-the-physical-training-teacher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Social Media Habits of Youth in Pakistan and the Role in Developing Social Capital Muhammad Bilal Nawaz Rao Shahid Mahmood Khan Malik Adnan Social Media Social Capital Self-Disclosure Friending Communication The core objective of the study was trifold in nature (i) to investigate the social media habits among youth. (ii) To analyze the magnitude and direction of relationship among communicative use, friending, self-disclosure, bonding and bridging social capital among youth. (iii) To investigate the magnitude regarding the impact of communicative use, this includes the phenomenon of bonding, friending, bridging social capital and selfdisclosure among youth. A cross-sectional research design was followed, and n=384 students were selected from 6 renowned public universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected through a questionnaire comprised of socioeconomic status, media habits, friending, and self-disclosure, bridging and bonding capital items. Acquired responses were analyzed through SPSS-21, and hypothesis was tested through Pearson Correlation coefficient p<.01<0.5, and the magnitude of the effect was determined through a linear regression model. There was a significant positive correlation found between friending, communication use, bonding, self-disclosure, and bridging the social capital through social media and regression model findings showed a significant effect of communicative use on bonding social capital and self-disclosure on bridging social capital through social media among youth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Jhang Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/social-media-habits-of-youth-in-pakistan-and-the-role-in-developing-social-capital https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Crisis of Status Quo or Power Transition Amidst China Rise: An Integrative Review of a Literature Pervaiz Ali Mahesar Ali Khan Ghumro Iftikhar Ali Status Quo Power Transition China US Peaceful Rise Soft Power and Bandwagoning This article reviews China's rise in the context of Status Quo or Power Transition in international society. A growing power strives to gain its power, prestige, and position among the comity of nations. A rising power can be a rival, or it supports the status quo of global governance. This review showed that there is no power transition in the global order whereas, Beijing is willing to engage or cooperate with the USA and existing institutions to keep the status quo of the power. China is not in a hasty mood to replace the American global order, but it will continue to push softly for multipolarity. Humanity Publications Department of Political Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-crisis-of-status-quo-or-power-transition-amidst-china-rise-an-integrative-review-of-a-literature https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of US Presidents' Barak Obama and Donald Trump Foreign Policies Sadia Fayaz Nasrullah Khan Comparison US Foreign Policy Barak Obama Donald Trump The policies formed by US leadership play a vital role in establishing US hegemony all over the world. The foreign policy of a state made according to the national interest. A rational decision of a leader plays a vital role in the effectiveness of the foreign policy. The challenges faced by Barack Obama in 2008 were somehow different from the challenges faced by Trump in 2016. The comparative analysis of both foreign policies would make it easy to determine the right and wrong decision taken by both leaders. The changing circumstances of the world would be identified through this research paper. The world is moving towards multipolarity, and somehow the decisions taken by Trump after his incumbent of office had the worst impact on US foreign policy because Trump was trying to isolate the US from world affairs, including trade and security. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Poonch University Kahuta Campus, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-us-presidents-barak-obama-and-donald-trump-foreign-policies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Native American Woman's Phenomenological Experience of Space and Place in Erdrich's Tracks Fasih ur Rehman Sahar Javaid Quratulain Mumtaz Dawes Act of 1887 Louise Erdrich Native American Woman Space and Place Spatiality This study discusses Native American woman's experience of existential outsideness, which is caused by the Euro-American legislative act as represented by Louise Erdrich in her novel Tracks. This research analyzes the role of the Dawes Act of 1887 in triggering the experience of existential outsideness among the Native Americans in general and Native American women in particular. Through Edward Casey Ralph's phenomenological perspective on the notion of spatiality, the study reinterprets the representation of space and place in Louise Erdrich's Tracks. The study offers a spatial reading of a Native American woman's life to explicate how she confronts the issues related to the confiscation of her ancestral lands that trigger her experience of existential outsideness to her land. The study concludes that Euro-American policies of acculturation and assimilation thwarted spatioexistential experiences of Native American women. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/native-american-womans-phenomenological-experience-of-space-and-place-in-erdrichs-tracks https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Administrative Issues and Reforms in the Bureaucracy of Pakistan: An Analytical Study Muhammad Safdar Bureaucracy Corruption Governance Institutional Decay Intervention Politicization This article highlights the nature of governance in bureaucracy in Pakistan during various regimes. The bureaucracy involved itself in politics and ignored the golden sayings of Quaid-i-Azam, which led it to face various sociopolitical and administrative issues and problems. Bureaucrats sense of primacy resulted in the politicization of bureaucracy. This intervention, as a result, led to decay, arbitrary decision-making, corruption, kickback culture and lack of accountability, etc. This study attempts to present various issues and problems faced by the bureaucracy of Pakistan and suggests reforms to minimize them so that the cherished goal of a developed Pakistan in the 21st century may be achieving. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of History, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/administrative-issues-and-reforms-in-the-bureaucracy-of-pakistan-an-analytical-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Challenges to Fitness and Coaching During Covid-19 Raheela Anjum Maheen Hashim Khan Burki Muhammad Adnan Jahangir Covid-19 Pandemic Physical Fitness Direct Coaching Challenges Performance COVID-19 pandemic has halted fast-forwarding activities of the world. Everything has been confined to homes with limited physical activity. The imposition of lockdowns has paralyzed activities and public interaction. Consequently, physical fitness has been disadvantaged compromising public health. Restrictions of COVID-19 also put down coaching and sports. Physical training and interaction between players and coaches are significant to improve players performance. The sports sector affected by pandemics due to the low-level education of the players and coaches and lacking knowledge of modern training programs. Technological illiteracy has also added to the adversity, preventing players from getting effective benefits from online training programs. This study explores the challenges to coaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research also explores a comparison between direct coaching and online training in this regard. The research emphasizes the scope of maintaining physical fitness during pandemics. Findings of the interview conclude that Covid-19 has compromised the coaching and sports performance of athletes, and concepts like distance training remain ineffective due to the purely physical nature of the matter. Humanity Publications MPhil, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/challenges-to-fitness-and-coaching-during-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mentoring Functions and Job Satisfaction: Moderating Role of Cognitive Based Trust Tahir Hassan Sajid Rahman Khattak Mentoring Function Career Development Psychological Support Work Attitudes Job Satisfaction This study is to find out an attempt to verify the mentoring role of trust between mentoring function received and work attitude. For this purpose, national and international level NGOs working in multisectorial of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have been selected through stratified sampling techniques. 273 questionnaires were distributed among various employees in selected Districts. Out of which, 246 questionnaires were included for research analysis purposes. The responses of the respondents were measured through a structured questionnaire having a five-point Likert scale. Mentoring function has been found as a dependent variable, while work attitude has been termed as the independent variable. Mentoring function has been further categorized into two subclasses, i.e. career development and psychological support and work attitude have further elaborated into job satisfaction. It can be included that career support and psychological support are significant with job satisfaction, and there is a positive relationship between dependent and independent variables. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Qurtuba University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, IBMS, The University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/mentoring-functions-and-job-satisfaction-moderating-role-of-cognitive-based-trust https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pattu: The Dying Fabric Making Art of Baltistan Sarwat Halima Haider Afsheen Masood Samia Kalsoom Baltistan Culture Fabric Heritage Pakistan Pattu Traditional Dress The traditional Balti dresses were made with a beautiful material, "Pattu". We conducted a survey regarding the procedure of pattu making in Baltistan. The data was collected through in-depth interviews of 30 personnel who were associated with pattu making art. Thematic analysis has been adopted to examine the responses. Pattu fibre was obtained from sheep next convert into yarn and then into the fabric. Pattu was dyed with the help of leaves and fruits. Pattu was used in garments, caps, shawls and carpets. It is the need of time to work on the revival of this dying art of making pattu with new innovations to improve the procedure and speed of making fabric. This study will provide knowledge to our new generations about traditional fabric which helps them build a strong bond with the culture. Bringing the skilled persons from Baltistan on the front line and create economic opportunities for them. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Government College for Women, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, College of H. Economics, Gulberg, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pattu-the-dying-fabric-making-art-of-baltistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Role of English Language Skills in Career Growth: A Study of Perceptions and Strategies Used to Improve English Language Skills by Graduate and Undergraduate Students of Karachi, Pakistan Stephn John Subhash Gurario Jamshed Adil Halepota English Language Skills Perceptions and Undergraduate Students The English language has a major impact on our companies and workplaces. Regardless of geographical, social, political, or religious divisions, English has become the lingua franca of the international corporate world. The purpose of this research study was to explore the role of English language skills in the career growth of a person and understand the perceptions of graduate and undergraduate students about learning and improving this language. For this purpose, relevant literature was scouted, and based on scholars points of view; a questionnaire was developed to get the opinions of the students. The data was collected using Google Form, employing a stratified convenience sampling procedure. The analysis shows a positive relationship between English language skills and career growth. Humanity Publications Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Education, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Singh, Pakistan. Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Social Development, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Singh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Singh, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-english-language-skills-in-career-growth-a-study-of-perceptions-and-strategies-used-to-improve-english-language-skills-by-graduate-and-undergraduate-students-of-karachi-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Linguistic Features of Billboards Saleha Aftab Muhammad Khurram Iqbal Abdul Rashid Linguistic Features Critical Discourse Analysis Exploitation Billboards The present research, "A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Linguistic Features of Billboards", has been accomplished in order to make a comprehensive analysis of the fact how advertising is manipulating and altering the basic philosophies, dogmas, creeds and ideologies of the common people. Advertising is a vast field, and it has influenced the lives of all of us in the last decades. Keeping this factor in view, the researcher has made an attempt to uncover those aspects which remain hidden in the glamorous and eye-catching commercials which contribute to the capitalist's efforts to make maximum profit by thrusting his products on the customers. The researcher has done the linguistic analysis by using Norman Fairclough's model of Critical Discourse Analysis (1993) of the billboard advertisements. The researcher has analyzed the language and images used on the billboards and had made an attempt to find out the basic notions for which these linguistic expressions have been used in the boards. For this purpose, he uses various tactics. The sincerity which is illustrated in the billboard advertisements by the advertiser is not factual. The real picture is on the other side. Humanity Publications MPhil Research Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Multan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Government College of Technology, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Bahadur Sub Campus Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-the-linguistic-features-of-billboards https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Evaluating Performance of Insurance Sector in Pakistan Through Benchmark Performance Indicators Bakhtawar Kashif Hamid Ali Raza Benchmark Performance Indicators Insurance Sector TOPSIS GRA FSA Benchmarking has been very important in measurement, comparison, and improvement. Important benchmarking indicators such as leverage, liquidity, stock performance, profitability, asset utilization and growth are used to examine the performance of various companies in different businesses. The current study is based on secondary data, which were collected from annual reports of 14 insurance companies of the Listed Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2014-2018. For this purpose, the Technique for order Preferences by the Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) has been used. The findings of the study help managers of moderate growth and low growth insurance companies to formulate policies to improve their performance by looking at the policies of highly growing Insurance companies. The results concluded that overall ranking of insurance companies from 2014 to 2018, JLIL ranked 1st in overall performance in the year 2014. It is due to high net sales and total investment returns as compared to other insurance companies. Humanity Publications Institute of Business Management Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Institute of Business Management Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Commerce, Government Associate College for Boys, Kameer Town Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluating-performance-of-insurance-sector-in-pakistan-through-benchmark-performance-indicators https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Psychological Exegesis of Displacement in Bapsi Sidhwa's Novel The Bride: A Sociolinguistic Analysis Hashim Khan Khalid Azim Khan Muhammad Umer Displacement Psychological Sociolinguistic Perspective Functionality This reports the psychological perspective of displacement in the English Pakistani novel The Bride (also published as The Pakistani Bride), written by a Pakistani American novelist Bapsi Sidhwa. This is a sociolinguistic study with the employment of Close Reading (CR) and Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The study involves social, psychological and semantic aspects with the aim to present the psychological impact of displacement on the personal and social life of the characters. Close-Reading provides the analysis of the novel and the author. Systematic Functional Linguistics provides context and semantics as tools to analyze the historical and conceptual background of the novel. The findings of the study present mixed results, supporting the supposition that displacement affects the psychological state of the characters and disturbs their individual functionality. It partially proves that their social functionality is equally affected. It may be because people are more careful in playing their social roles. Humanity Publications Head, Department of English & General Subjects, Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute, Jeddah. Assistant Professor, Deanship of University Development and Quality Assurance, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-psychological-exegesis-of-displacement-in-bapsi-sidhwas-novel-the-bride-a-sociolinguistic-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Student Satisfaction Index Model on Quality Assessment of Higher Education: Mediating Role of Student Satisfaction Sofia Jamil Perceived Quality European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI) model Student Satisfaction Student Loyalty Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) Partial Least Square In today's education industry, more and more Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are emerging, where students have a lot of options in opting for the best intuition, which they perceive would fulfil their educational needs and requirements. Both public and private HEIs are constantly evolving their services for the students. This study examine the 'Explanatory Model' which explored the Student Satisfaction Index (SSI) and try to evaluate the student satisfaction level. The software Statistical packages for social sciences is used to test the proposed hypotheses. These HEIs should explore and formulate new and innovative strategies to attract, retain and establish good relationships with students in order to establish or keep their competitive edge in the education industry. This study concluded that 'Perceived Quality' along with other factors, influenced students' satisfaction and loyalty. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Project Management, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-student-satisfaction-index-model-on-quality-assessment-of-higher-education-mediating-role-of-student-satisfaction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Influencing Female Purchase Behavior for Organic Cosmetic Products in Pakistan Sidra Ishaq Hammad Badar Hira Javed Purchase Behavior Health Consciousness Environmental Consciousness Need for Uniqueness Price Sensitivity Product Quality Information Purchase The use of organic cosmetics is gaining popularity in Pakistan due to associated health and environmental benefits. Consumers' preferences are rapidly shifting towards organic cosmetics because these products are based on natural ingredients. To analyze the gathered data of 300 female's convenience sampling technique was applied belonging to Faisalabad and Lahore. The data was collected about consumers' socioeconomic characteristics, consumption, purchase patterns with major factors of organic cosmetic consumer behavior and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques. The findings of the study revealed that three factors, health consciousness, environmental consciousness, and product quality information, impact significantly consumer behavior for organic cosmetics. Another factor needs for uniqueness showed a week impact on consumer behavior. This study provided valuable insights and recommendations to the industry about consumer behavior. It is suggested that marketers improve operational marketing policies by communicating the eco-friendly benefits of organic cosmetics. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Marketing Management, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Agri Extension, Education and Rural Development, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/factors-influencing-female-purchase-behavior-for-organic-cosmetic-products-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analysis of Non-Governmental Organizations: Health Nutrition Measures and Peoples Satisfaction Shakeel Ahmad Naqeeb Hussain Shah Ashraf Ali Children Health Malnutrition Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Nutrition Women This study was carried out to measure the Non-Governmental Organizations intervention in health nutrition and people's level of satisfaction. A sample size of 230 out of 450 populations was selected through a simple random sampling procedure. The study revealed the children and women (lactating) benefitted through nutrition food, provision of purification tablets for safe drinking water, provision of food baskets to people. Children were benefited through the provision of vitamin, and de-warming medication, treatment of pregnant and lactating women and children suffering from malnutrition were significantly associated with people's level of satisfaction. This study recommended that government, along with NGOs, must take measures for healthy nutrition irrespective of class, caste, and occupation, etc. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Sociology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work and Sociology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-analysis-of-nongovernmental-organizations-health-nutrition-measures-and-peoples-satisfaction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Compulsion Versus Volition in A Farewell to Arms Falak Naz Khan Hashim Khan Khalid Azim Khan English Novel Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms Existentialism the Lost Generation Absurdism Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961) is one of the most widely read American novelist of the 19th century, whose works have been variously interpreted. His fiction was influenced by different sociological, political and psychological trends of the time. The adventures of his personal life inspired some of the fascinating stories in his fiction. A Farewell to Arms projects the concept of individual struggle in the face of stiff resistance. His protagonist helplessly strives to define his existence; he, however, miserably fails in his struggle for actualizing his existence. But ultimately, he learns the secret of a meaningful existence. This study traces these elements of existentialist philosophy and examines its influence on the art of Hemingway. Although his views are also influenced and modified by the trends of the time, the influence of existentialist philosophy is vividly visible in all his writings. The paper analyzes the major works of Hemingway, particularly his famous novel A Farewell to Arms, in the light of existentialism. It specifically focuses on the rise and fall of the hero and heroine in the novel when they try to define their existence in this free and void world. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Head, Department of English & General Subjects, Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute, Jeddah. Assistant Professor, Deanship of University Development and Quality Assurance, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/compulsion-versus-volition-in-a-farewell-to-arms https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analysis of MPhil/PhD Supervisor's Relationship Development and Communication Competence Muhammad Sher Baz Ali Ashfaque Ahmad Shah Muhammad Sarwar MPhil. PhD Communication Education Higher Education Commission The purpose of this research was to analyse the relationship development and communication competence of MPhil/PhD supervisors. A confirmatory mixed-methods research design was used to conduct the study in two stages. For both phases, 360 MPhil/PhD graduates and 72 supervisors were selected from four public universities in Punjab using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected electronically from 239 MPhil/PhD graduates during phase-I using an adapted questionnaire from ASHA's supervision model, while in phase-II, 72 MPhil/PhD supervisors were interviewed to cross-check the Phase-I findings. According to MPhil/PhD graduates, their supervisors have relationship development and communication competence. During interviews, most MPhil/PhD supervisors refute their supervisees' claims and offer suggestions to improve supervisors' competence. Based on supervisor suggestions, the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan should revise the supervision structure, provide Postdoctoral fellowships to all supervisors, and promote international conferences. This study may be helpful to supervisors in self-evaluation as well as understanding relationship development and communication competence. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Baltistan Skardu, Pakistan. Director, QEC, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-mphilphd-supervisors-relationship-development-and-communication-competence https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Depression among Pregnant Females in Punjab, Pakistan: Effect of State-Trait Anxiety Rabia Sajjad Umara Rauf Rafit Saheed Pregnancy Anxiety Depression Trimesters The objective of the study is to examine the impact of state-trait anxiety on depression among pregnant females. A crosssectional study was carried out on pregnant females of all three trimesters from March 2019 to December 2019. The study collected data from pregnant females 153 age 18 to 47 years using the purposive sampling technique. Respondents were from Government and private hospitals of two metropolitan cities of Punjab, Pakistan (Lahore and Faisalabad). All the pregnant females completed a demographic sheet, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(S-TA), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to assess the level of anxiety and depression among pregnant females. The SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. The regression results highlighted that state-trait anxiety positively predicted depression among pregnant women, with a 16% variance in the outcome variable. Pregnant females experience a diverse level of anxiety and stress that can have serious consequences for the childbearing women as well can make the pregnancy process more complicated if treated with early intervention. Humanity Publications Department of Applied Psychology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Department of Psychology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan. School of Public Policy, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/depressions-among-pregnant-females-in-punjab-pakistan-effect-of-statetrait-anxiety https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Economic Effects of Seawater Intrusion on Life of Coastal Communities in Sindh Region of Pakistan Shoaib Ahmed Jagirani Subhash Guriro Muhammad Kamil Lakho Economic Effects Climate Change Seawater Intrusion Coastal Communities Sindh Recently rising sea levels and a decrease of Indus water into the delta have resulted in high seawater intrusion at the coastal shores of Sindh. Seawater intrusion has severely affected the livelihood sources of local people. Therefore, this study is conducted with an aim to measure the economic effects of seawater intrusion on the lives of the local population in the deltaic coasts of the Sindh region in Pakistan. This is a quantitative study conducted through a survey questionnaire in the coastal belt of Badin and Thatta districts of Sindh province, Pakistan. A total of 200 participants were recruited in the study through multistage sampling. Results show a significant impact of seawater intrusion on the economic conditions of coastal communities in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Adverse effects of seawater intrusion can be seen in the shape of a decrease in cultivated land, low agricultural production, decreasing livestock production and fishing quantity. Humanity Publications MS Scholar (Social Sciences), Sindh Madressatul Islam University (SMIU), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Social Development, Sindh Madressatul Islam University (SMIU), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Social Development, Sindh Madressatul Islam University (SMIU), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/economic-effects-of-seawater-intrusion-on-life-of-coastal-communities-in-sindh-region-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mughal Garden Wah: Architecture, Conservation Issues and Tourism Management Anas Mahmud Arif Adnan Anwar Memoona Ilyas Mughal Garden Architecture Conservation Tourism Mughal Garden Wah is one of the masterpieces built by Mughals on GT Road near the city of Hassan Abdal. It was private property that was later on taken by the government due to its historical and architectural significance. This site is not only a picnic point for the local community but has the potential to attract thousands of national and international tourists to enjoy its landscape and architecture. The current state of the garden is not praiseworthy, and if proper measures are not taken well in time, this masterpiece of art and architecture will vanish soon. The current study is an attempt to highlight the architectural significance of the garden, its conservation issues and managing it for sustainable tourism. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Head of Department, Department of Architecture, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Conservation Studies, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/mughal-garden-wah-architecture-conservation-issues-and-tourism-management https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Pakhtun Women in Politics: A Case Study of Begum Zari Sarfaraz Hazrat Bilal Shaista Gohar Ayaz Ali Shah Politics Frontier Women Mardan One Unit Zanana (Women) Muslim League An effort has been made to revisit the political participation of Pakhtun women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa former NWFP. The active role in the politics of Pakhtun women was quite difficult due to socio-cultural constraints. In such circumstances a woman from the elite class emerged on the political scene of NWFP; Begum Zari Sarfaraz who not only participated in the independence movement of Pakistan but also participated in politics after the creation of Pakistan and had rendered great services for women folk as members of national and provincial assemblies. The paper shed light on her opposition to One Unit. The paper also investigates the reason that why she quit politics. There is hardly any literature on the role of Begum Zari Sarfaraz in the politics of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Government Degree College Khair Abad, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-pakhtun-women-in-politics-a-case-study-of-begum-zari-sarfaraz https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment: Hrm Factors Affecting the Employee Performance Sadaf Ambreen Tasawar Javed Nausheen Syed Organizational Performance Employee Performance Human Resource Management This review expects to analyze the effect of human assets, the executives' arrangements on hierarchical responsibility, and the exhibition of the representatives. The review encased the strategies factor as an autonomous variable and the representative's exhibition as a reliant factor. This concentrate additionally plans to explore the job of association, the job of "hierarchical responsibility," as a middle person variable between the arrangements if (HRM) and the exhibition of the worker and to accomplish these points. The specialist has utilized the expressive scientific strategy, which addressed utilizing to check the construction reality of the review factors coming to utilize. The review has closed many outcomes, and quite possibly, the main result is that there is a positive association between human resources, the leaders, and the worker's presentation. The concentrate likewise tracked down an aberrant constructive outcome to the executives' human asset through the association responsibility with the rate higher than the immediate effect; the exploration progressed that all police creators of HRM and result in growing the representative's presentation. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Management and Administrative Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/mediating-role-of-organizational-commitment-hrm-factors-affecting-the-employee-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Understanding Architectural Transformation: A Lesson for Young Architects Shahid Mansoor Khan Mir Wali Shah Adnan Anwar Architectural Trasformation Architect Spatial Configuration Architecture goes through a steady yet extremely slow process of evolution which is, most of the time, hardly observable in centuries. The process of architectural transformation has rarely been described holistically in the available literature; therefore, there is a need to explore and present this important process in the simplest possible manner for a better understanding of the young architects as well as students. The focus of this descriptive study was to explore the available literature on this important topic and to create a simple, precise and meticulous descriptive summary for the better understanding of young architects. Data used in this literature-based article was mostly secondary; however, it was tried to summarize the entire discussion in diagrammatic form. The study suggests practitioners should not opt for sudden and drastic turns in the architecture in terms of spatial configuration, formal compositions, and technological interventions as these may result in the acceleration of psychological and perceptual stress in users as well as the viewers. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology, Abbottabad Campus), KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/understanding-architectural-transformation-a-lesson-for-young-architects https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of Maternal Mortality in Selected Districts of Punjab, Pakistan Irfan Hussain Khan Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen Sofia Anwar Maternal Mortality Health Status Punjab This study aims to estimate determinants of MM in selected districts of Punjab. Data have been extracted from 196 families from three respective districts. Education, safe water availability, sanitation, health infrastructure, immunization card, family size, residence, household income, and ANC visits are taken as independent variables. Education, family size, poor and middle-income class variables had a positive and significant effect on the MM in DG Khan. This study revealed that education, safe water, and income show positive and significant impact on MM in Chakwal district. While, sanitation variable, area of residence and health infrastructure shown negative and significant impact health. The study found that education, household income and family size had a positive and significant effect on the MM in Sialkot. While, Safe water availability, sanitation, health infrastructure and immunization card have negative and insignificant effect on female health. Government should give more strength to integrated reproductive and newborn child health (IRMNCH) program. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Dean & Chairperson, Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-maternal-mortality-in-selected-districts-of-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Issue of Identity in Jamaica's A Small Place and Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist: A Comparative Postcolonial Study Arshad Nawaz Mazhar Hayat Nimra Iftikhar Identity Crisis Hybridity Nationalism Liminal Space The study analyzes the issue of identity under postcolonialism by comparing two postcolonial novels from different countries. The data consists of selected textual passages taken from the two works to invoke comparative study. Hamid presents that America is acting like a Neo-colonial power to show its superiority, while Kincaid evinces the realistic manner that depicts the inferiority of indigenous culture, which is also the result of Neo-colonialism. Postcolonial theory is used as a research methodology. Homi K. Bhaba's concepts of identity, hybridity, mimicry and otherness provide a basic framework for the research. Fanon's concept of national identity will also provide support for the completion of this research. The research concludes that the elite and educated class should seek identity from their own culture rather than adopting the westernized mimic culture, which makes them an inferior race in order to show their own superiority. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil in English, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/issue-of-identity-in-jamaicas-a-small-place-and-hamids-the-reluctant-fundamentalist-a-comparative-postcolonial-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Perspective: War and the Interests of Major Powers in the Regions Nargis Zaman Arif Khan Saiful Islam Civil War Civilian Protests Violence ISIS Chemical Weapons United States Russia Great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, which inspires states to enhance influence in strategically important regions. The Middle East region has always remained the centre of attraction for major powers due to its geostrategic importance and huge energy resources. The civil war in Syria is a prolonged armed conflict that began in 2011. U.S and Russia, being involved from the beginning in the conflict, have different interests and campaigns. Over the last four decades, another most important region has become a source of turmoil and unease, Afghan crises in the region that has always persisted as the source of concern for the global powers and a cornerstone for regional powers. Moscow's mistake to intervene in Afghanistan revealed its unassailable vulnerability. After the Soviet Union disintegration, Kabul has again become the focal point of US policy in the region post 9/11 terror attacks. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Bunir, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparative-perspective-war-and-the-interests-of-major-powers-in-the-regions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Digital Competence and Mysteries of Learning: Use of Technology in Classroom Shahbaz Ahmad Muhammad Naveed Khalid Muhammad Anees-ul-Hasnain Shah Digital Learning Technological Competence Use of Technology The idea of digital competence has emerged in recent years around the globe. It entails a wide range of abilities and knowledge in every field. The current research paper is to investigate the digital competence and mysteries of learning: use of technology in classrooms by the teachers. University teachers were used as population and sixty teachers were randomly selected as a sam-ple from different campuses of education university Lahore. Self-constructed instrument, Teach-ers' Digital Competencies Survey [TDCS] instrument, was adapted and used for data collection. The results revealed a statistically apparent difference in gender of teachers about different indi-cators of digital competencies and learning with technology. It was concluded that male teachers had used more digital technology with more confidence than that female teachers. There search-ers recommended that digital competence may be promoted among teachers for the better teaching and learning environment. The universities should provide better technological facilities for better learning. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/digital-competence-and-mysteries-of-learning-use-of-technology-in-classroom https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Analysis of Debt-Threshold: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Minhajuddin Brekhana Gul Muhammad Sohail Alam Khan Debt-threshold Debt-Laffer Curve ARDL Pakistan This paper intends to analyze the debt threshold for Pakistan over a period of 1976-2020 within the framework of the ARDL bounds testing approach. ADF and PP tests of stationarity confirmed that the extracted data set was stationarity either at level or at first difference. The F-bound test validated the presence of long-run co integration. This paper finds that the curve for the bi variate quadratic function is strictly concave and that the debt in flexion point is 48.42 percent of the gross domestic product. It implies that the marginal effect of debt turns negative beyond this level of debt. Findings suggest that government should ensure to acquire external debt up to the debt-in flexion point that would enhance the economic growth. Government should also work on fiscal consolidation and substituting the required burden of debt with alternate sources of revenue like FDI, grants, and international trade. Humanity Publications Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Adul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Adul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-analysis-of-debtthreshold-empirical-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Institutional Accountability and Transparency for Sustainability: A Study of the Obligations of Institutions and Non-state Actors under International Law Sardar M.A. Waqar Khan Arif Syed Mudasser Fida Gardazi Nafees Ahmed Khan Institutional Accountability Transparency Non-state Actors Institutional Obligations Sustainable Development Goals The principles of accountability and transparency are fundamental and central to the bulk of United Nations (UN)Conventions and other international legal instruments. However,accountability within an institution requires in-depth impartiality, equality,and neutrality. The role of the UN and other organizations is significant,particularly for the achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG) goal16. In this context, this paper focuses on the obligations of institutions for achieving sustainable development goals 16. It aims to discuss the role of human rights-based institutions, including mechanisms, standards, and institutional arrangements, and explores their obligations. It also identifies the obligations of non state actors and argues that such actors can be managed/well-ordered with the accountability tools and guidance provided by SDG 16 for achieving accountability, peace, justice, and good governance at all levels. Finally, it discusses challenges for overall sustainable development. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan Lecturer in Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/institutional-accountability-and-transparency-for-sustainability-a-study-of-the-obligations-of-institutions-and-nonstate-actors-under-international-law https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Role of Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication in Polio Eradication Campaign Iram Deep Saadia Anwar Pasha Sana Ali Polio Mass Media Endemic Pakistan Polio Campaign Health Communication Health communication characterizes the boundary between communication and health and is progressively documented as essential for everyday well-being. Mass media, especially electronic media, is the need of the time, especially during the outbreaks like Polio in Pakistan. People get information from mass media, up-grade their knowledge, and their attitudes are formed, and ultimate change in practices becomes forth. By keeping in view the widely witnessed role of mass median healthcare communication, this article also examines Pakistan regarding Polio eradication. We executed a descriptive quantitative method and gathered data from n= 300 respondents. Results revealed that Mass Media and Interpersonal communication have a significant role in delivering the proper knowledge about the Polio disease. Through Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication, the masses may know the harmful consequences of Polio disease and the influential role of the vaccine inuring this disease. Thus, we concluded that media help eradicate misconceptions about the vaccine, resulting in the complete wipe out of Polio from Pakistan. Further, we have discussed the results and highlighted the recommendations accordingly. Humanity Publications Mphil Scholar, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Mphil Scholar, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-mass-media-and-interpersonal-communication-in-polio-eradication-campaign https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Head of Family (Mashar) Sways Vote Choice in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Hassan Shah Bakhtiar Khan Saif Ul Islam Voting Behaviour Vote Family Elections Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a strong and well-organized social structure. Family is the basic unit of this social structure, which has a hierarchal structure. The head of the family (Mashar) has a significant position in a family in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Therefore, the head of the family (Mashar) influences the socio-economic and political decisions of the family members as well as the politico-socio attitudes. The study presents the impact of the head of the family (Mashar) on the vote choice of an individual. The results show that the head of the family (Mashar) has a strong stimulus to shape electorate vote choice on polling day. The study conducted in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The targeted population for the study was registered voters (Eighteen years or above male/female) of different National Assembly constituencies. A multi-stage probability sampling technique is used for data collection. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/head-of-family-mashar-sways-vote-choice-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Critique of American Supremacist Politics in Cold War in Sorayya Khan's City of Spies Irfan Farid Asma Aftab Zubair Iqbal American Intervention Islamic Fundamentalism Cold War The present study investigates the representation of America in Anglophone Pakistani Literature with a special focus on Sorayya Khan's City of Spies with the assumption to trace some possible connection between American intervention and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the context of Pakistan's politics. Given the American intervention in Pakistani politics and its indelible impact on the domestic and international scenario had made the country a virtual battleground for the superpowers of the world. Khan's novel situates this conflict in the aftermath of the military coup of General Zia, followed by the Afghan war and (c)overt American alliance in it, which brought about serious implications for the Pakistani state. The story of the novel offers some pertinent extracts which deal, literally or metaphorically, with the role and representation of America in these geostrategic events. The article has used the critical cultural angle by investing the theoretical views of Ziauddin Sardar in terms of the Muslim world's apathy for America in the aftermath of cold war politics are used to get a better insight into the central problem by underscoring how this foreign policy of America has been responsible for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan. Humanity Publications MPhil, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of English, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-critique-of-american-supremacist-politics-in-cold-war-in-sorayya-khans-city-of-spies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Discovering the Impact of National Language use in L2 learning on the Proficiency of Learners Muhammad Ahsan Muhammad Saeed Nasir Noshaba Younus National Language L2 Learners University College Discovering the impact of national language use in L2 learning on the proficiency of learners at degree level was the focus of this research; in order to find out a clear comprehension of the current subject matter, the research aimed at 577 learners who were learning English at graduation level in different public sector colleges and universities of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this study, the researcher used a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The data analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 23. The researcher analyzed the data using descriptive analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-Test and Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the present research depicted that the students exhibited extremely positive and constructive perceptions regarding the use of national language in the second language classroom. The majority of the respondents gave preference using Urdu in specific situations for enhancing their proficiency in specific reasons such as while discussing course policies, learning about grammar and its usage in L2 classroom, attendance, and other administrative information. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Emerson University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/discovering-the-impact-of-national-language-use-in-l2-learning-on-the-proficiency-of-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Socio-Cultural Trauma and Gender Objectification in Haider's How It Happened: A Cultural Feminist Study Nida Tabassum Muhammad Owais Ifzal Ghulam Murtaza Gender Feminism Pakistani Literature in English Fiction The research aims to pinpoint the socio-cultural suppressive crisis faced by the Pakistani women and tends to evaluate the standards through which Pakistani women are (mis)recognized through Shazaf Fatima Haider's How It Happened (2012). It focuses upon the internalized social norms regarding women's conduct to achieve perfection and a state of acceptability which have terrifyingly placed a question mark upon women's existence. Zeba, being the protagonist of How It Happened, undergoes anunnerving situation, being continuously displayed as an object for her marriage. Simone de Beauvoir's cultural feminist ideologies in her work, The Second Sex(1997), tend to deconstruct falsely existing cultural archetypes. She illustrates in her work the transformative stages of women's life beginning from the oppressive state towards the protesting state. Consequently, celebrating women's strength by acknowledging biological differences. Through the methodological application of a Textual analytical apparatus, this research tends to reverse the suppressive patriarchal patterns, bringing women from the periphery to the center, also providing a voice to silenced women entangled in the fabricated culture. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Hafizabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sociocultural-trauma-and-gender-objectification-in-haiders-how-it-happened-a-cultural-feminist-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Water Conservation Attitude of Residents of Rawalpindi Adeela Iftikhar Neelam Farid Sadia Nawaz Water Consumption Consumption Habits and Practices Water-Efficient Appliances Attitude towards Water The study titled "Water conservation attitude of residents of Rawalpindi" was conducted in the Rawalpindi Cantonment Board (RCB) area of Rawalpindi. The current study used a Quantitative research design and cross-sectional in nature. A total of 399 sampled respondents were selected by the Random sampling technique, and responders were male and female residents of Rawalpindi. The aim of the current study was to explore the residents' attitudes to water conservation and their consumption practices. For intending to study and understanding the topic with theoretical perspective researcher used the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980). Reliability analysis was carried out on the entire variables and explored a Cronbach Alpha of (.721). Hypothesis testing of the study showed that a positive association exists between attitudes and behavior towards water conservation, and with higher education, people exhibit a positive attitude to water conservation behavior. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Teaching Research Associate, Department of Sociology, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/water-conservation-attitude-of-residents-of-rawalpindi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Neo-Orientalist Gambits in South Asian Global Game in Aslam's The Blind Man's Garden Atta-ul-Mustafa Amara Javed Sahar Javaid Globalization Great Game Terrorism War on Terror This study focuses on the great global game of chess of Neoimperialist played in South Asia. It explores that to fetch global capitalist designs, global forces have devised a global Neo-Orientalist game of chess in three perspectives, i.e. economic, cultural and political, for three-level players, i.e. great players, little players and domestic players. The economic ventures urge the need to divide the South Asian Muslims into good and bad categories through neo-orientalist cultural and political gambits, as is revealed from Nadeem Aslam's 'The Blind Man's Garden' (2013) that critiques the hegemony of Neo-imperialist global forces working purely for their global designs in the region. It exposes economic, political, cultural and strategic motives behind two basic goals: the establishment of neo-imperialism through the elimination of borders for neo-liberalist gains by homogenizing world culture; and the eradication of global terrorism for which war has already been launched there. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities & Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Woman University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/neoorientalist-gambits-in-south-asian-global-game-in-aslams-the-blind-mans-garden https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Advertising Appeals on Children's Well-being: Exploring the Moderating Role of Disposition Shahid Mehmood Amir Gulzar Emotional Appeals Rational Appeals Disposition Time Lags and Children's Psychological Well-being This research study aimed to examine the effect of advertisement appeals on the psychological well-being of children and assess the moderating role of disposition in the relationship of children's psychological well-being and advertisement appeals. The study was conducted by using primary data. Data was collected through the survey conducted in three-time lags from the children of age ranging from 8 to 12 years. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among a sample of 578 children. For the selection of sample nonprobability, convenience sampling technique was employed, whereas descriptive and inferential statistical tools were utilized for the data analysis with the help of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of moment structure (AMOS) version 23. Research findings showed that advertising appeals have a significant positive effect on the psychological well-being of children. Furthermore, disposition positively moderates the relationship between advertising appeals and the psychological well-being of the children. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Business Administration, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-advertising-appeals-on-childrens-wellbeing-exploring-the-moderating-role-of-disposition https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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New Continuum of High Volatile Currency Spillover During EU-BREXIT Javed Satti Zaheer Abbas Brexit Forex Market Volatility Spillovers In this study, the researchers observed the impact of Brexit on the Pound and its spillover to other European countries, likely to be affected during that period. The intraday high-frequency hourly return data of chief monies as Great Britain Pound (GBP), Euro (EUR), Danish Krone (DDK), Hungarian Forint (HUF), Turkish Lira (TRY), Swiss Franc (CHF), Swedish Krona (SEK), and Polish Zloty (PLN), for two months and one day, was utilized. The Intraday volatility spillover index approach and a further rolling window technique applied. The analysis of high-frequency data revealed that four currency pairs as TRY/USD, DKK/USD, PLN/USD, and HUF/USD, are highly volatile currencies. However, three pair currencies as GBP/USD, EUR/USD, and SEK/USD, are comparatively lesser volatile. The results and managerial implications reflect preparedness dynamics and proactiveness for a new continuum project that regional transmission effects of volatility spread from one currency to other currencies in the EU during Brexit. Humanity Publications Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor/Head, Department of Accounting & Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/new-continuum-of-high-volatile-currency-spillover-during-eubrexit https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Attitude of Prospective Teachers towards Research: A Survey Study of Different IER Programs Saghir Ahmad Ch. Ayesha Batool Sayida Asma Dilshad Research Attitude Prospective Teachers human knowledge One of the essential variables in deciding our success in life is our attitude. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the attitude of male and female prospective teachers of different programs of Institution of Education and Research towards research. This study was quantitative and survey type in nature. The sample consisted of two hundred and forty students. A questionnaire "Attitude towards research" based on the Likert scale was administered for data collection. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics applied. It was observed that most prospective teachers agreed that research makes them uneasy, and they feel insecure. It is also revealed that prospective teachers agreed that they enjoyed research. A new way of teaching research methodology may be adopted, which would increase the motivational level and lessen the negative attitude of the prospective teachers towards research. Humanity Publications Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Joharabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/attitude-of-prospective-teachers-towards-research-a-survey-study-of-different-ier-programs https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Philosophical Exploration of Absurdism and Existentialism: A Comparative Study of Kafka's Work The Metamorphosis and The Trial Nausheen Rasheed Mamona Yasmin Khan Shaheen Rasheed Existentialism Absurdism The Metamorphosis The Trial The philosophical stance about the existence of being and the meaning of life has been a widely discussed subject among philosophers and critics. Existentialism says that a man can construct his own meaning of life by making judicious use of his awareness, free wills and personal responsibilities, but absurdism believes that there is no meaning of life out there. The focus of this study is to explore the absurdist and existential aspects in Kafka's fiction The Metamorphosis (1915) and The Trial (1925). This is qualitative comparative research, and the data which have been collected for this purpose is through purposive sampling techniques. In this study, Camus' theory of absurdism and theory of existentialism has been adopted as a theoretical framework. The study explores in what ways the traces of absurdism and existentialism are present in Kafka's fiction The Metamorphosis and The Trial. The findings show that characteristics of absurdism and existentialism are found in both the works of Kafka and are comparable with each other. For future recommendations, a comparative stylistic analysis of these selected novels can be carried out. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of English, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/philosophical-exploration-of-absurdism-and-existentialism-a-comparative-study-of-kafkas-work-the-metamorphosis-and-the-trial https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Research & Development Practices Across Pakistan: An Evaluation Study on Affiliated Institutions Allah Wasaya Babar Muhammad Shakir Afaf Manzoor Quality Standards Affiliated colleges Research & Development Higher education plays a vital role in developing the knowledge economy and producing skilled workers to empower human resources for the country. Like many other developing countries, Pakistan is struggling hard to improve the quality of higher education for sustainable development and participation in global progress. Since the last decade, Higher Education Commission Pakistan is committed to upgrading the quality of education, and for this purpose, HEC has designed Minimum Quality Standards (MQS) to assure quality for affiliated institutions. The main objective of the study was to evaluate R&D practices in affiliated institutions of Pakistan. The study was descriptive in nature, and a questionnaire based on Minimum Quality Standards was used to collect data from faculty members (n-168) of 28 affiliated institutions by using multistage sampling. The results indicated that affiliated colleges of two provinces, Punjab and Khyber Pohutukawa, were better in research and development practices than the institutions of Sindh and Baluchistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Special Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/research-development-practices-across-pakistan-an-evaluation-study-on-affiliated-institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Technology on Traditional Journalism in Pakistan Faizan Ali Qamar-uddin Zia Ghaznavi Saima Khan Technology Traditional Journalism Journalists Authenticity of News Technology has influenced every aspect of life. Journalism and communication industries have also widely adapted to it. Traditional journalism has been revolutionized altogether with the implication of technology. From news production to news distribution, everything has become abrupt and unobstructed. This study focuses on the impact of technology on traditional journalism in Pakistan. An in-depth interview method has been employed as a research method. Providing insight into the issue, main research objectives include (i) analyze the scope of technology in Pakistani Journalism, (ii) exploring technological literacy in Pakistani journalism and (iii) seeing the impact of technology on the production and dissemination of journalistic content in Pakistan. This study concluded that technology had altered the overall landscape of journalism in Pakistan. It has assisted journalistic practices in a considerably effective way. Although there are constructive effects of mobile journalism, the concerns over authenticity and credibility of the media content have also been raised in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor/Head of Department, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, School of Media and Mass Communication, Beaconhouse National University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Media and Mass Communication, Beaconhouse National University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-technology-on-traditional-journalism-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Critical Review on Test Match Format of Cricket Muhammad Waqas Farooq Mahwish Farooq Abdul Rauf Cricket Formats Entertainment Players Coaches Duckworth & Lewis (D/L) Method This study is a qualitative review of the test match format of Cricket; therefore, different websites and online articles were reviewed critically. The study motivation is to find out the reason(s) for the less viewership and business for the test format. Therefore, this study provides the critical analysis of three different cricket formats: test format, one-day format, and t-twenty format. The scope of this study is; Cricket provides business, entertainment, and promotion to the stakeholders. The audience does not like the test format as compared to the t-twenty and one-day match format because the test format requires more time than the other two formats. Moreover, it will prove helpful for researchers, and beginners, who have a great interest in Cricket Humanity Publications MPhil Student, Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Manager Operations, Lahore Waste Management Company, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/critical-review-on-test-match-format-of-cricket https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Political Communication With Social Media In Pakistan: Internal And External Efficacy Hannan Khan Tareen Malik Adnan Political Participation Social Media Usage Internal Efficacy External Efficacy Political knowledge influences political behavior and political participation as the person who has sufficient political knowledge will contribute his part in political issues and get engage himself in political campaigns. Hence, a politically informed person put an impact upon others by sharing his views and information. Now a day social media has revolutionized the world due to its unlimited features, and it made it easier for everyone to spread the news and especially the political content. Different political parties use social media platforms to engage their voters and especially youth. This study suggests that social media plays a critical role for youngsters to disseminate information regarding politics and affects the internal and external efficacy of youth by the transmission of knowledge and political participation through social media. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar/ Associate Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/political-communication-with-social-media-in-pakistan-internal-and-external-efficacy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Pakistani Press Towards Religious Minorities Khalil Ahmad Wajiha Raza Rizvi Pakistani Press Religious Minorities Press and Minorities Press and Society Minorities in Pakistan The study aims to explore the image of the media as portrayed in leading English Pakistani newspapers. The objectives of the study are to analyze the framing of news concerning the religious minorities in three national dailies of Pakistan to determine either the Pakistani press portrays the minorities image positively or negatively. Content analysis was performed on three leading English dailies, The Dawn, The News and Express Tribune, after random selection from January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2016. The front, back and editorial pages were the sample size of the study. The findings of the study showed that the media portrayed minorities in a positive manner; however, the newspapers focused more on controversial issues such as forced conversions, attacks on places of worship, violations of the right to freedom and other human rights. Softer issues such as Political and Economic Empowerment and Improved Legislation were not covered as frequently. The need of giving more space to the education and entertainment need of minorities and to inform the majority about the positive contributions of minorities has also been found out during the study. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Media and Mass Communication (SMC), Beaconhouse National University (BNU), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, School of Media and Mass Communication (SMC), Beaconhouse National University (BNU), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakistani-press-towards-religious-minorities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Film Adaptation of Saadat Hasan's Short Stories in Manto: A Postmodern Critique Ghulam Maaz Jaan Hammad Mushtaq Amer Akhtar Adaptation Shifts Postmodernism Manto Pakistani Short Stories The present study aims to analyze the process of the film adaptation with the help of a hermeneutic framework that covers the textual and contextual parameters. The current study builds affinities between adaptation, translation, and culture studies, junctures these theoretical aspects, and offers methodological and analytical tools for the study of the film adaptation. The model also provides a systematic analysis for the changes occurring in the process of adaptation (i.e., adaptation shifts) and interprets its socio-cultural bearings using a postmodernist lens. The study employs Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design to analyze and interpret the adaptation shifts in Manto. The results of the study look to be the nexus of forces that influence the adaptation process as a creative practice in the broader socio-cultural system and verify the interplay of adapter's re-interpretative, re-creative touch and social circumstances of a particular era Humanity Publications School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology Ringgold Standard Institution, Islamabad, Pakistan. School of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Sciences and Technology Ringgold Standard Institution, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of English, Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/film-adaptation-of-saadat-hasans-short-stories-in-manto-a-postmodern-critique https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Jain Temples and Tourism: A Case Study of Nagarparkar Tunveer Qureshi Anas Mahmud Arif Adnan Anwar Nagarparkar Jain Temples Sustainable Tourism Tourism Potential Nagarparkar is one of the most important potential Abstract tourism destinations in Sindh, abundantly having natural and cultural resources to attract thousands of national and international tourists to satisfy their varying needs. The attraction of the area is Jain temples, denoting thousands of years old history of the area and architectural wonders as well. The current study is an attempt to highlight the potential of religious tourism in the area and how sustainable tourism may be introduced in the region to uplift the local economies using qualitative methodology. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Head/Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/jain-temples-and-tourism-a-case-study-of-nagarparkar https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Influence of Parent-Teacher Meetings on Early Childhood Students' Academic Performance: Prospective Teachers' Perceptions Mahnoor Arshad Yaar Muhammad Naima Qureshi Prospective Teachers Perceptions; Influence Parent-Teacher Meeting Students' Performance Parent-teacher meetings (PTM) play an integral role in a child's education. The importance of PTM is even more critical for Early childhood Education (ECE). ECE is not a novice concept in Pakistan; however, parents have only realized now that learning during early childhood goes beyond the walls of the classrooms and can only realize its full potential if parents are actively participating in their children's education. Therefore, PTM is the time when parents and teachers can collaborate to work for the education of the children. The current study explores the prospective teachers' perceptions of PTMs and their influence on ECE students' performance. The data were gathered from seven participants through an open-ended, semi-structured interview guide. The analysis concluded that prospective teachers had a good understanding of PTMs processes and generally had a positive attitude toward them. Prospective teachers also believed that PTMs positively influence students' academic performance. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-influence-of-parentteacher-meetings-on-early-childhood-students-academic-performance-prospective-teachers-perceptions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Neo-Colonialist critique of Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Kincaid's A Small Place: A Comparative Postcolonial Study Arshad Nawaz Ahmad Ali Kalsoom Saddique Hamid Neo-Colonialist Critique Reluctant Fundamentalist Postcolonial Study Kincaid With a specific focus on two different novels from different continents, the study analyzes the current American neocolonialist hegemonic behavior, which is causing developing countries to remain in a doldrum. The data is based upon the comparative analysis of selected textual paragraphs taken from Hamid's The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Kincaid's A Small Place. Both Mohsin Hamid and Jamaica Kincaid assert that due to the American neo-colonialist regime, indigenous cultures of so many countries of the African and Asian continent have suffered a lot. Theoretical insights for this research have been drawn from Kwame Nkrumah's concept of neo-colonialism. Nkrumah defined neocolonialism as the exploitation of former colonial subjects by European conquerors for political, economic, cultural, ideological, and military gain. The research concludes that although with the inception of the United Nations Organization the colonialism has formally come to an end still the American neo-colonial supremacy is disturbing the people of once colonized countries through various economic, political, and ideological maneuverings. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer English, Department of Natural Science and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/neocolonialist-critique-of-hamids-the-reluctant-fundamentalist-and-kincaids-a-small-place-a-comparative-postcolonial-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Socio-Economic Resilience in Coping with Flood Vulnerabilities in District Charsadda Muhammad Kaleem Jehan Zeb Abdullah Flood Vulnerability Cheap Land Economic Status Side Walls This quantitative study was conducted in the union council Agra of district Charsadda. Primary information was collected from the sample size of 150 male respondents. A conceptual framework consisting of the independent and dependent variables was cross-tabulated through the application of Chi-Square test statistics to ascertain the association between the two variables. The study revealed a significant association (P?0.05) of local community response with the statements such as poor families are more vulnerable to flooding; awareness about flood vulnerabilities; economic status reduces flood vulnerability; people buy cheap land for houses; people living on the river bank and side walls reduce flood vulnerabilities. The study recommends that government and local authorities should take responsibility for protecting the lives and properties of the people in flood-vulnerable areas through safety measures and make effective policies to measure the vulnerability and damage caused by floods among low-income families. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-socioeconomic-resilience-in-coping-with-flood-vulnerabilities-in-district-charsadda https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Socio-Cultural Causes of the Increasing Rate of Maternal Mortality in District Lodhran, Pakistan Khalil ur Rehman Sikandar Niaz Muhammad Safdar Hussain Social Factors Cultural Factors Maternal Mortality Early Marriages Joint Family Son’s Preference Large number of Pregnancies This qualitative study conducted at District Lodhran, Punjab, Pakistan adopted a constructivist approach with an aim to investigate the social-cultural factors accelerating maternal mortality. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews from 40 family members of deceased mothers and four focus group discussions, and the information for the secondary data pertaining to the victims of maternal death recorded in District Lodhran for the year 2016-17 was collected from the Health Department. The study concluded that there are various social and cultural practices, i.e. the practice of early marriages, repeated pregnancies with the wish of having a male child, treatment and living of pregnant women in the joint family system, and son’s preferences are the causative factors behind maternal mortality. The study recommends inculcation of awareness, especially among gestating women, regarding maternal health and associated factors, besides civil society’s measures for improvement and the government’s special attention towards the issue. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Sociology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Regional Program Manager, Quaid-e-Azam Academy Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sociocultural-causes-of-the-increasing-rate-of-maternal-mortality-in-district-lodhran-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Concessional Debt and Growth in Services Sector of Pakistan Muhammad Abdullah Ayza Shoukat Atif Ali Gill Concessional Debt Services Sector Time Series Pakistan The current study aims to explore the relationship between concessional debt and the services sector growth of Pakistan. The annual time series data for the period 1972 to 2019 has been employed. To find out the stationarity and order of integration, the ADF testis utilized. For the long-run relationship, Johansen's co-integration methodology is employed. The empirical results of the study manifest that growth in the services sector is sensitive to concessional debt in the long run. All other explanatory variables also demonstrated a positive and significant effect on services sector growth. VECM method is applied for short-run analysis. The lag of concessional debt is also positive in the short run. A negative and statistically significant lag of error correction term (ECT-1) reasserts the long-run relationship between services sector growth and concessional debt along with other explanatory variables. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/concessional-debt-and-growth-in-services-sector-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Multi Analysis through Smart-PLS: Measuring of Organizational Performance Interplay Syed Muhamad Basit Raza Bukhari Tasawar Javed Aemin Nasir Organizational Performance (EP) Dynamic Capabilities (DC) Absorptive Capacity (AC) Innovative Capacity (IC) Knowledge Sharing Behavior (KSB) This study investigated the role of dynamic capability as a mediator between knowledge management practices(KMPs) and organizational performance. Smart-Pls was used to test the proposed hypotheses through structural equation modeling on gathered data of 400 SME organizations of Pakistan. The findings show that knowledge sharing behavior and absorptive capacity has a positive impact on dynamic capabilities and organizational performance. Innovative capacity has an insignificant impact on organizational performance, and knowledge-sharing behavior has an insignificant impact on organizational performance through dynamic capabilities. This study will be prospectively helpful for academics,policymakers, economists, and managers. This study enlightens the performance. Humanity Publications PhD, Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business, Management and Administrative Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, Management Science, School of Business Management, University Utara, Malaysia 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/multi-analysis-through-smartpls-measuring-of-organizational-performance-interplay https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Impact of different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stock Markets in South Asian Countries Muhammad Ishtiaq Aisha Imtiaz Hina Mushtaq Stock Asian Countries COVID-19 Abnormal Returns Event Study The crisis of COVID-19 comes with a calamitous economic stance. The South Asian countries experience their nastiest economic performance in the last four decenniums, and a moiety of the countries are falling into recession. This paper checks the impact of the first,second and third waves of COVID-19 outbreak on the stock market indices of all the South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, SriLanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan. The study has utilized the Event Study Methodology and results exhibit that COVID-19 decreases the mean returns of all the stock market indices and increases their volatility,which designates that Corona does influence all the stock markets of South Asia in decrementing their returns and incrementing volatility. Overall, the negative effect of the first wave of COVID-19 is not paramount across all the indices except the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), albeit its second wave did not affect any of the stock market indices significantly. In contrast,the third wave affects the stock markets indices of Pakistan (PSX) and Afghanistan (AFX). Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar, Lyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-different-waves-of-the-covid19-pandemic-on-the-stock-markets-in-south-asian-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Perceptions of Veterinary University Students towards Online English Learning Classes during COVID-19 Abdul Khaliq Rasheed Ahmad Noor Ul Ain Perceptions Online Physical Interactive Extrinsic Intrinsic and Veterinary Online learning has got penetration in the system of formal teaching-learning in covid-19 context. It has transformed the teaching methodology from traditional Physical classes to online classes due to the closure of educational institutes. The current study is significant as it aims to explore the perceptions of veterinary University students towards online classes using self-determination theory. The data were gatheredfrom150 above stated English learning students through a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The findings support that learning can happen within online classes, depending on the teacher’s methodology and strategies in online classes. The results are effective for higher education institutes in determining the level of motivation and perceptions respondents have while taking English courses online, which can be made interactive by developing outcome-based courses with the integration of technology to fit the needs of modern education in the post-Covid-19 world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology ( KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-perceptions-of-veterinary-university-students-towards-online-english-learning-classes-during-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Managing Classroom: School Teacher's Perceptions about Techniques and their Effectiveness for Student's Learning Bashir Hussain Asia Zulfqar Tayyaba Batool Tahir Classroom Management Discipline Engagement Learning Teachers School Managing classrooms is the central component of effective teaching and learning practices and, therefore, has always been the concern of teachers. The literature demonstrated that classroom management techniques are generally oriented either towards discipline or towards engaging students with learning. Teachers generally perceive classroom management techniques with an orientation either towards one or both, and these perceptions are likely to guide them about the way they manage their classrooms. In this context, the main intent of this research was to identify techniques that school teachers perceive as classroom management techniques (along with their orientation) and to examine the effectiveness of those techniques for supporting students’ learning. This research further examines gender differences among teachers related to these questions. This research used descriptive survey research design. The teachers in 190 elementary schools of district Dera Ghazi Khan served as population. Using cluster and stratified random sampling techniques, a sample of 406 elementary school teachers was selected. Of these 406teachers, 128 were female, and 278 were male. A questionnaire, adopted from Asiyai (2011), was employed as a research tool. The reliability of the tool was computed through Cronbach-Alpha coefficient, and validity was ensured by aligning items with research questions. It was found that teacher sightly believe that although both discipline- and engagement-oriented aspects of management can be perceived as classroom management techniques, both are also effective for students' learning Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, ISCS, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/managing-classroom-school-teachers-perceptions-about-techniques-and-their-effectiveness-for-students-learning https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Judicial Observations over the Doctrine of Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment in Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal Muhammad Hassan Amjad Hussain Aas Muhammad Amendment Constitution Pakistan Judicial Review Basic Structure Supreme Court Implicit Limitation The legal fraternity and some political parties around the country challenged the twenty-first constitutional amendment, enacted by the Parliament of Pakistan. The petitioners contended that the Legislature amended the basic features of the Pakistan Constitution beyond its scope of amending power and liable to be declared unconstitutional. However, some of the judges of the apex Court of Pakistan adopted the former judicial approach. They ruled that the apex court had no authority to annul any amendment when it became a formal part of 1973’sConstitution. The apex court further stated that the impugned amendment might be taken under consideration if it was found that the required constitutional procedure for amendment did not comply with it. This research aims to critically analyze observations of the apex court about examining the constitutional amendment on the yardstick of repugnancy with the basic features of the Constitution of Pakistan. For achieving the proposed objective, this study adopts a doctrinal research method. It carries out an in-depth analysis from the perspective of modern Constitutionalism,juristic literature, and judgments of the superior courts of various States to support the study. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/judicial-observations-over-the-doctrine-of-unconstitutional-constitutional-amendment-in-pakistan-a-critical-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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State of Media Independence and Journalists' Struggle for Press Freedom in Faisalabad, Pakistan Irem Sultana Hamid Yaseen Ahmed Rao Shahid Mahmood Media Independence Fundamental Rights Silent Breaker Journalists Human Rights Defenders Musharraf Regime Freedom of Expression Freedom of Media This research paper presents an overview of the journalists' efforts for the maintenance of the fundamental right of Freedom of Press and Expression in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The current study also observed the role of media personals as a silent speed breaker against the powerful dictator of the time General Parvez Musharraf and his regimen the third-largest city of the Pakistan Faisalabad. The study explains the scenario of resistance in the journalistic community against Musharraf's draconian rule in the country, especially focused on the struggle of media personnel in Faisalabad, against Musharraf regime for the freedom of expression as well as freedom of media. The study assesses the scenario to break the political silence during the rule of a powerful military dictator in2002 as well as in 2007. This paper may be helpful to understand the struggle against the Musharraf regime by journalists in Faisalabad. The study resulted that journalists of Faisalabad broke the silence by opposing the dictatorship of the Musharraf regime and played a significant role as human rights defenders in 2002 and also at the time of promulgating the emergency in November 2007. The study is the outcome of the qualitative content analysis of media reports as well as in-depth interviews of the senior media professionals and the sound survey of the literature published on democracy, basic human rights, and freedom of expression and the media Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communications, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Secretary, Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists, Pakistan Assistant Professor Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/state-of-media-independence-and-journalists-struggle-for-press-freedom-in-faisalabad-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Sociological Study to Investigate the Causes of Low Productivity in Agriculture Sector in Tehsil Jaranwala District Faisalabad Naubahar Khan Gul Fraz Mahmood Agriculture Cropped Area Landholding Poverty Jaranwala Pakistan This research was conducted at Tehsil Jaranwala, District Faisalabad in 2019 with the aim to explore social and economic hurdles which were responsible for less level of yield productivity in the agriculture sector. The rural areas of Faisalabad containing agriculturall and were selected for the selection of the sample. The farmers with a small size of landholding were the target population of the present study. A multistage sampling technique was applied in the study, and a well-structured questionnaire was designed for the collection of data from 300respondents. At the first stage, Tehsil Jaranwala of District Faisalabad was selected. At the second stage, ten union councils were selected for the selection of the sample. At the third stage, a sample of 300 respondents (30from each union council) was selected. Chi-Square was applied to test the hypothesis. It is the need of the hour to explore the issues and hurdles which put a hindrance in production so that this sector may play a significant role in the development of Pakistan. The results of the study showed that lack of awareness, illiteracy, low standard of living, poverty and less usage of technology in agriculture, the decline in soil fertility, population pressure,lack of support services, water scarcity, and poor access to fertilizer were the serious issues and factors which were responsible in the way of agricultural development in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-sociological-study-to-investigate-the-causes-of-low-productivity-in-agriculture-sector-in-tehsil-jaranwala-district-faisalabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Analysis of the Student Motivation in Light of Glynn and Kobal-la (2006) Five Factors Model at a Higher level Jamila Begum Javeria Shabbir Quratul Ain Hina Motivation Intrinsic Motivation Self Efficacy Assessment Anxiety Grade Motivation It was a comparative analysis of students' motivation in light of Glynn and Kobal-la (2006) five factors model at a higher level. Objectives were to assess the level of students' motivation and differences in the students' motivation on the basis of gender/age/university.The population was 9615 students of public universities of Islamabad. By using a convenient sampling technique, 260 students were selected. The tool was developed by Mubeen and Reid (2014), in light of the G AND K model. The data was analyzed by using Cronbach alpha reliability, intersection correlation, t-test, and ANOVA. The majority of respondents were above Average level of motivation. A significant difference between male and female students related to all the factors of motivation, and females were found better than male students. However, age-wise, no significant difference was found related to motivation. Overall, Air University students were found better than other universities. It is recommended that teachers and management need to plan group work for students not only involved but also engage them in positive competitions. There is a need to develop a sense of responsibility. Teachers need to set achievable goals as well for students to encourage task completion Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-the-student-motivation-in-light-of-glynn-and-koballa-2006-five-factors-model-at-a-higher-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Defence of Insanity: Its Scope and Application in English law Muhammad Amjad Naeem Hamid Mukhtar Kashif Mahmood Saqib Insanity- M’Naghten Rules- English Law- Criminal Law English Law of Insanity proceeds in making assessments of the legal wrongfulness of an accused by fitting the circumstances within four slots established in line with M’Naghten case.During this process, the judges’ role becomes more robust than the jury as technical and medico legal issues are beyond the grasp of lay jury members.So we offered a critical appraisal of the approach adopted in English Law to fit the psychological science' in legal moulds through vast discretion vested in judges to deal with the defense of insanity. For this purpose, the authors extracted various pieces of information from case laws, books, law commission reports, Acts, statutes, and research articles published related to the subject matter and developed a synthesis to reach a conclusion. Our findings suggest the trial judge decides the extent and types of evidence to be induced for resolving the issues in contention regarding insanity and to be decided by the jury. Some issues pertaining to insanity are too difficult for the trial judge to decide, which requires expert evidence. The application of defense of insanity rests with the evaluation to see whether the judge's discretion has proved a right mechanism to plug medico legal gaps in this process or not. Humanity Publications Department of Law, University of Northumbria, United Kingdom/Advocate High Court, Pakistan. School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan School of Law, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/defence-of-insanity-its-scope-and-application-in-english-law https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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YouTube Usage Motivation among Students: Uses and Gratification Analysis Saadia Anwar Pasha Amina Rasheed Sana Ali YouTube Social Media Uses and Gratification Theory Pakistan Videos YouTube grow into one of the potential commercialization platforms after the inception of the Internet. Users can decide the content of the video by subscribing to popular trends. This research also aims to examine the motivation behind YouTube usage among the young generation in Pakistan. The researchers employed a descriptive quantitative approach and gathered data from n= 105 respondents from young students. Results indicated that the YouTube watching pattern among the students of AIOU showed that students use YouTube to satisfy their cognitive needs and gratify their personal, effective, and social integrative needs. Students also use YouTube for tension release. The majority of the students of AIOU use YouTube to get extra information about the topic they want to prepare for their exams. The students use YouTube to clear their concepts about specific topics and courses. Thus, it is concluded that students watch an aspiring video on YouTube, and they not only get entertained and are also motivated by these videos. Further, the research has concluded and highlighted significant study limitations accordingly. Humanity Publications Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/youtube-usage-motivation-among-students-uses-and-gratification-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Causality of Higher Education and Unemployment: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy Malik Saqib Ali Muhammad Sohail Zahid Mehmood Akhtar Higher Education Unemployment Pakistan Economy Higher education and unemployment is a substantial concern for developing countries and developed countries as well. To get the empirical evidence of the Pakistan economy, the present research is being carrying on. This study applies time series data in nature covering the period from 1985 to 2018. Assessing the long run association within the policy indicators and commuting the causality of higher education and unemployment, two different econometric techniques Johansen Co-integration and Granger Causality test is arrayed whereas the annual speed of adjustment is estimated when disequilibrium enters in the system through VECM model. The Johansen Co-integration’s test reports 5 co-integrating equations and error term reveals 3 Percent for higher education in first model which postulate speed of adjustment in case of disequilibrium. Whereas second model explains 4 co-integrated and VECM reflects The results presents that any disequilibrium transpires in short term, higher education enrollment and unemployment will be converging to equilibrium in the long run at the speed of 32 and 36 percent correspondingly. The Granger causality test’s findings imply that higher education does not affect the unemployment whereas unemployment is reported to be responsive towards higher education which means unemployed labor force again enroll for higher education to absorb capacity for new professional avenues by producing innovative and constructive ideas. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/causality-of-higher-education-and-unemployment-an-empirical-evidence-from-pakistan-economy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Experience of Out-of-Placeness in Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows Fasih ur Rehman Muhammad Owais Ifzal Rao Aisha Sadiq Body Diane Glance Native American Woman Place Space With the theory of Moss and Dyck, this study discusses Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows to understand the insinuations of sensuous geography. This study maintains how in the wake of out-of-place identity within Native American space, Glancy uses sensory experiences as material practices to counter a sense of out-of-placeness. Such multisensory experiences help her native characters locate themselves in both the textual and Native American space. This study explores Diane Glancy's The Reason for Crows not only to find out the reasons due to which the Native Americans develop an acute sense of out-of-placeness within Native American spaces but also the geographies of illness and disability to investigate how Native Americans create and contest their space and place. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Hafizabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/experience-of-outofplaceness-in-diane-glancys-the-reason-for-crows https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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CBO Based Microfinancing in Pakistan: Comparative Analysis of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation Muhammad Salman Sana Malik Fariha Tariq Microfinance Interest-Free Loans Community Empowerment Poverty Alleviation Poverty is a risk to harmony, which results in the dismissal of human rights. Microfinance is a tool that is famous across the world as a solution to alleviate poverty. Through this tool, lowincome households can have permanent access to a range of high-quality and affordable financial services that are offered by a range of retail providers. Community-based organizations, commonly known as "CBO", play a vital role in providing microfinance to the needy group of people, which determined the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. This research presents a comparative study between Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation microfinance models for providing housing finance to low-income groups. A qualitative approach has been applied to determine the relationship between microfinance and poverty alleviation. In-depth interviews are conducted with working staff and borrowers of Akhuwat Foundation and Kashf Foundation (microfinance organizations). The research concludes that both organizations strive to alleviate poverty and to enhance the living standard of low-income people through mutual support in the system. The study also suggests that these organizations should need to emphasize more on the diversified needs of the poor people and must aim to serve the most extremely poor strata of the population. Humanity Publications School of Architecture & Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Architecture & Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Architecture & Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cbo-based-microfinancing-in-pakistan-comparative-analysis-of-akhuwat-foundation-and-kashf-foundation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Earth-Man Degradation In Corasanti's The Almond Tree: An Eco Critical Study Iqra Khadam Amna Aziz Faiza Saeed Ecocriticism Environmental Crisis Loss of Humanity War Territorial Issues The Almond Tree This article finds out the relationship between nature and human beings. Nature is being damaged by advanced technology as well as by human beings. Glotfelty (1996) presents his idea that it is the relation of living organisms to their environment that bring changes in the surroundings. We have seen the loss of humanity in this age of science and advancement. The Almond Tree by Michelle Cohen Corasanti (2012) is about the conflict between Palestine and Israel. For this purpose, the research is done from Eco Criticism lenses. Both physical and natural world shares close relations. The urgency of examining literature from an ecological point of view has increased due to the present environmental crisis which has swept the globe. This research leads to the conclusion that there must be peace and harmony in the world by being friendly not only with other human beings but with the environment as well. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/earthman-degradation-in-corasantis-the-almond-tree-an-eco-critical-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Marxism in Zakia Mashhadi's Death of an Insect Kaniz Fatima Aadil Ahmed Shahzeb Shafi Poverty Exploitation World Englishes Freudo-Marxist Literature Postcolonial Literature Poverty is the root cause of exploitation of the poor at the hands of the rich in the root structure of the society that leads the poor towards the state of self-pity. This study is an interlink between the domains of World Englishes, Freudo-Marxist Literature, Trauma Literature and Postcolonial Literature. The postcolonial context of the subcontinent amidst language appropriation is the major theme that witnesses the phenomenon of exploitation and poverty through the canvas of Freudo-Marxist Literature. The current study attempts to find Marxist themes, predominantly exploitation and poverty, from a short story Death of an Insect by Zakia Mashhadi. The textual qualitative method of analysis proceeds under the operational theoretical lens of Edgar W. Schneider and Karl Marx. The former deals with textual analysis through language appropriation, while the latter deals with thematic analysis through the behaviour of the bourgeoisie towards the proletariat, respectively. The study has found that the upper class, for their vested interests, even for the satisfaction of their ego, brutally exploit the poor working class, who have to suffer and bear all inhuman behaviour without any resistance. Thus, this continuous Vicious Circle of exploitation and poverty cause difficulties and hardships for the poor class. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer of English, Pakistan Institute of Health Science (PIHS), Barma, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/marxism-in-zakia-mashhadis-death-of-an-insect https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Engaging Instructions in History Classrooms: Exploring University Teachers' Perceptions and Practices Gouhar Pirzada Yaar Muhammad Saba Zaka Classroom Management Instructional Strategies Students Engagement Higher Education Engaging Instructions University Teachers This interview study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices of the university teachers regarding student engagement in History & Pakistan Studies classrooms. Data were collected from four PhD professors from a public sector university. A qualitative research design was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was done to extract findings from the qualitative data. The finding is arranged into three themes, i.e., student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. The finding suggested that teachers use different strategies and practices to improve student engagement. Moreover, teachers used different practices to make their classes interesting. It is reported that having a cordial teacher-student relationship is beneficial for enhancing student engagement level and overall performance at the postgraduate level of education. Effective classroom management plays a significant role in creating a positive learning environment for engaging instruction. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. District Trainer, Department of Literacy and Non-Formal Basic Education, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/engaging-instructions-in-history-classrooms-exploring-university-teachers-perceptions-and-practices https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Journalistic Ethics in Islam Razia Shabana Lubna Qasim Abdul Nasir Zamir Journalism Islam Ethics Media Reformation Islam provides ethical rules for media also. The human beingis independent and respectable. The material should bebeneficial for all. Islamic rules for journalistic ethics are authentic. Muslimsare responsible for the reformation of the world. Islam clears the basicconcept of the universe, human being, and code of life that is God made.Islam provides rules for media persons, material, and conveying process.These are compulsory for Muslims and general for all over the world.Reformation, through media, is crucial to protect the nations. It is difficult,to tell the truth to rulers and powerful people but very important to stopbeing cruel to the common people. Media is controlling the thinking leveland direction of the world. The media may be wrong or right. Islam provideseternal journalistic ethics. If Muslims, especially and rest of the world,generally act upon these ethical rules, media cannot be harmful. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar/ Lecturer, Department of Computer Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/journalistic-ethics-in-islam https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effect of Reciprocal Teaching on the Reading Motivation: Experimental Evidence from a Classroom Intervention Sadia Khan Abid Hussain Ch. Reciprocal Teaching Experimental Evidence Classroom Intervention The objective of this research exercise is to examine how reciprocal teaching affects 7th-grade students reading motivation in the subject of English. To meet the desired objective, the study employed a quasi-experimental design. The intact classes were randomly allocated to the experimental and control group. The experimental group was instructed with reciprocal teaching strategies, while the control group was taught with the traditional method. The Motivations for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) was administered before and after the intervention. The study employed Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design for data collection. The data was analyzed using the independent sample and paired sample t-test. The results of the study revealed that the motivation level of students who were taught with reciprocal teaching is significantly higher than those students who were taught with the traditional method. These results suggest that reciprocal teaching should be incorporated in teacher education programs as appropriate instructional practice for reading. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Dean Education, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-reciprocal-teaching-on-the-reading-motivation-experimental-evidence-from-a-classroom-intervention https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Military Disengagement from Politics in Turkey: Lessons for Pakistan Usman Khan Bakhtiar Khan Jamal Shah Civil-Military Relations Coup D'etat Transformation Democratic Control The armed forces had a predominant role in the Turkish polity until 2002. During 1960 and 2002, the military had staged direct coups, i.e. 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997 and maintained an indirect role in internal and external politics through various institutions such as National Security Council (NSC), National Unity Command (NUC), Military courts, Military corporations (OYAK), and Military Pension Fund (MPF). However, the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has replaced the hitherto predominance of the army in Turkish polity. This research paper highlights that AKP has been successful in disengaging the military from politics with mass support, continuous successes in elections, and managing internal and external threats. Further, the manuscript explored the quest of Turkey to become a member of the European Union, great powers support to Tayyab Erdogan on ensuring human rights, and the principle of republicanism have contributed to the AKP project of civilian supremacy over the armed forces. Humanity Publications Lecturer in Political Science, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Political Science, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Post Graduate College Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/military-disengagement-from-politics-in-turkey-lessons-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Role of Parental Cultural Capital in Student's Career Selection at Higher Education Level in District Layyah Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Farooq Ayesha Chaudhary Parental Cultural Capital Student’s Career Selection District Layyah The career selection process is a very important decisionin every student’s life. Many factors are affecting before thetaking a decision on their future career. In this study, the researcher wants toinvestigate the influence of respondents’ parental cultural capital of selectedareas. Some other factors like; the profession of their parents, their residenceand the income of their family on the career selection process of 320students of tertiary level education from the government sector graduatecolleges of District Layyah. In this study, the researcher also investigatedthose students who are studying in the B.S. program; either they are in theirown will, or they faced some external forces with selecting this field of study.For this proposal, the data was collected through a questionnaire. The resultsshow the parents influence as most significant in the career selection processof the students at the higher education level. It is recommended that parentsequally mobilize their resources, such as social and cultural capital, to theirchildren. This will help them make wise career decisions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-parental-cultural-capital-in-students-career-selection-at-higher-education-level-in-district-layyah- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Modeling and Predicting Commuters' Travel Mode Choice in Lahore, Pakistan Fariha Tariq Nabeel Shakeel Travel Behavior Machine Learning Multinomial Logit Model Random Forest K-nearest Neighbor the Travel Mode Choice The travel mode preference exists in both culture and theenvironment. The wide scale of people's mobility makesour cities more polluted and congested, eventually affecting urban assets.Understanding people’s mode choice is important to develop urbantransportation planning policies effectively. This study aims to model andpredict the commuter’s mode choice behaviour in Lahore, Pakistan. A surveywas conducted, and the data was used for model validation. The comparative study was further done among multinomial logit model (MNL),Random Forest (RF), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification approaches. It’s common in existing studies that vehicle ownership is rankedas the most important among all features impacting commuters’ travel modechoice. Since many commuters in Lahore own no vehicle, it’s unclear whatthe rank of factors impacting non-vehicle owners is. Other than thecomparison of predicting the performance of the methods, our contributionis to do more analysis of the rank of factors impacting the different types ofcommuters. It was observed that occupation is ranked as the most importantamong all features for non-vehicle owners. Humanity Publications Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/modeling-and-predicting-commuters-travel-mode-choice-in-lahore-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Identifying Features of Pakistani Learners Writing Through MDA and Coh-Metrix Rabia Tabassum Mahwish Farooq Muhammad Asim Mahmood Coh-Metrix Factor Analysis Multidimensional Analysis ICLE Corpus Linguistics Learner language has been a source of interest for researchers of all times as it possesses common features of language in use. For investigating this, Multi-dimensional analysis (MDA) by Biber is one such approach that empirically studies practiced language and establishes grounds for those varieties too which are striving for their place in linguistic cline (Crossely, et al., 2014). The present research is an effort to explore common patterns of learner language, which are explored throughCoh-Metrix (an online data tagging tool used to assess cohesion, coherence,readability level, etc.) to study those features and their respective functions while partially using MDA methodology. Following Biber's methodology,Factor analysis was conducted, and four dimensions were identified, which provided clues for the functional association of these dimensions. The results show that Pakistani learners' argumentative writing possesses narrative features and is dominatingly overlapping at the level of vocabulary,syntactic constructions, and passage development, and even in argumentation. These findings help us to establish the fact that Pakistani English has its own identity. These results are helpful for linguists as well as teachers as the knowledge of common linguistic and syntactic structures can be assessed easily while keeping in mind the grade level of the students. Humanity Publications Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/identifying-features-of-pakistani-learners-writing-through-mda-and-cohmetrix https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making: A Correlational Study of School Principals Nazir Haider Shah Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil Shaheen Sobia Yaseen Emotional intelligence Decision Making Correlational Study School Principals The objective of the study was to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and the decision-making of secondary school principals. The current study was descriptive and quantitative in nature, and a survey method was applied to collect the data.All the secondary school principals working in District Haveli and Punch were the population of the study. The instrument used was a self-developed questionnaire to collect the data. The questionnaire was used comprising of three parts. Part A of the questionnaire was used for demographic data, part B was used to measure emotional intelligence, and Part C of the questionnaire was utilized to measure the decision-making styles. The researcher collected data from all secondary school principals of both districts, District Haveli and District Bagh, including private and public school principals, using a universal sampling technique. Data were analyzed through SPSS by using Pearson's correlation analysis. It is inferred that a significant and strong positive relationship exists between emotional intelligence and decision-making styles of principals. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/emotional-intelligence-and-decision-making-a-correlational-study-of-school-principals https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Impact of Literacy and Numeracy Drive (LND) on English Language Learning in Rural and Urban Public Schools of Gujranwala, Punjab Muhammad Asad Habib Muhammad Asif Rana Imran Ali Literacy and Numeracy Drive Systematic Learning Objectives English Language Teaching The study examines the impact of Literacy and Numeracy Drive (LND) on the English language learning outcomes and environment at primary sections of rural and urban public schools of district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. The data were gathered from two public schools: one from a rural area and another from an urban center. The partakers, N=60, served in the controlled and experiment groups. The control group was imparted the prescribed syllabus with the traditional method. In contrast, the experimental group was trained through LND's systematic learning objectives (SLOs), Tablet PCs, specific booklets, and tests. Three pre-tests were conducted before the treatment, and three post-tests were administered after two months of instruction. The study used quasi-experimental methods, and the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 25. The results show a significant improvement in the outcomes of the experimental group, while no significant change was observed in the case of the control group. The results demonstrate that systematic SOL-based language teaching, technological assistance, and hand training help improve the English language pedagogy. The study suggests that such intervention scan enhance the overall English language teaching environment. As a result,the reach of LND should be extended to other sections of public schools Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Candidate, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-literacy-and-numeracy-drive-lnd-on-english-language-learning-in-rural-and-urban-public-schools-of-gujranwala-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Relationship of Parental Practices and Psychological Distress among Adult Children of Alcoholic Fathers in Pakistan Ivan Suneel Elizabeth Schwaiger Abia Nazim Mental Health Parental Practices Adult Children of Alcoholics Psychological distress does not develop in isolation; this phenomenon is affected by a multitude of inter and intrapersonal factors, one of which is parental behaviors and parenting practices. Current research aimed to study the relationship between parental practices and psychological health of children of alcoholics. For this purpose,a demographic form, General Health Questionnaire, and Egna Minnen Betraffende Uppfostran were used. The sample was adult children of alcoholics between the age range of 18 to 25 (M=21.40, SD=2.36) and included both males (n=166) and females (n=158) selected through purposive sampling technique. The minimum level of education was matric (16.7percent), and the highest educational level was masters (13.6 percent). Maternal rejection was found to be the strongest predictor for both psychological distress risk and intensity, whereas maternal over protectiveness and emotional warmth were negative predictors of distress risk and intensity. Father's emotional warmth was a strong predictor of psychological distress intensity, and over protectiveness was a strong predictor of psychological distress risk. Findings were discussed in the context of previous research. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Vice-Rector Intermediate Section Forman Christian College, A Chartered University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College, A Chartered University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College, A Chartered University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-relationship-of-parental-practices-and-psychological-distress-among-adult-children-of-alcoholic-fathers-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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ISPR Productions vs. Nationalism, Inclination to Join Army and Image Building: Case of Pakistan's Military Operations Rubab Musarrat Muniba Fatima Zahra Amna Ashraf ISPR Productions the War against Terrorism Image Building Nationalism Inclination to Join the Army and Pakistani Youth This study targets to investigate the impact of Inter-Services of Public Relations (ISPR) production, broadcasted during the war against terrorism, on Pakistani youth. It is hypothesized that ISPR productions have helped in inflating the motivation level of Pakistani youth, thus helping in promoting the nationalism and positive image of Pakistan. Furthermore, the role of ISPR productions in motivating youth to join Pakistan's Army is also explored. A cross-sectional survey research design was used. The sample of this study was comprised of youth aged between 18 to 24 years, selected through the non-probability purposive sample. The measures comprised of a self-constructed indigenous questionnaire assessing the impact of ISPR productions during a military operation in image building, promotion of nationalism and motivation to join the army. The data analyzed through SPSS Version 22.00 yielded insightful findings. The finding revealed that watching ISPR productions helped in instilling a fervent attitude of Pakistani youth towards nationalism and the Pakistani military. There had been a clearer inclination of youth to aspire for joining the military for upholding the nationalism beliefs, and this finding appears promising, keeping in mind the relative declining opinion that has been observed in youth from the past decade pertaining to nationalism and military operations. Humanity Publications Lecturer, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ispr-productions-vs-nationalism-inclination-to-join-army-and-image-building-case-of-pakistans-military-operations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Intellectual Property Rights: The Other Side of the Coin Rao Raza Hashim Bushra Arfeen Intellectual Property Rights Origins Inequalities North-South The modern world operates on the survival of the fittest rule. Hence, there is cutthroat competition among the states, and every state is striving for greater economic development. Development is based on the minimal use of resources which in turn is dependent upon technological innovations. These innovations incur huge research and development costs and can easily be copied to serve as the basis for further developments by the rivals. Thus, the idea of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) was introduced. While there are many advantages that these rights have to offer, they also prove to be deleterious in some ways as they also play a role in restricting innovation by the global North, which further widens the gap between both worlds. This paper traces the history of the IPR and develops an argument that proposes that IPR has been a cause of inequalities and has restricted innovation. Humanity Publications Professor, School of Management, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Management, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/intellectual-property-rights-the-other-side-of-the-coin https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Knowledge, Attitude & Practices towards Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Hasan Ghaffoor Muhammad Farooq Babak Mahmood Water Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) Knowledge Attitude & Practice KAPs Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) South Punjab Pakistan Affordable and sustainable access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a key public health issue and focus of Sustainable Development Goals. Literature showed that households having prior knowledge and an acceptable attitude towards WASH practices have less number of diseases. The main objective of the study was to explore the level of respondents' knowledge, attitude and practices towards safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in South Punjab, Pakistan. The study was mixed-method research. SPSS also applied, and results demonstrate that there was very lack of knowledge about safe WASH practices; the majority of respondents have a traditional attitude. Whereas only 27.3% of respondents have always access to safe drinking water, 96% of respondents were not using any domestic water treatment method, 22.9% were defecating in the open, and the percentage of always handwashing with soap was found to only 29.6%. Social Mobilization programs along with government action to ensure safe WASH conditions are recommended. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/knowledge-attitude-practices-towards-safe-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-conditions-in-south-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Enhancing Tourism Potential: A Revitalizing Plan for Central Zone of Hassanabdal Faiqa Khilat Fariha Tariq Sana Malik Hassanabdal Mughal Sikh Conservation Tourism The rapid growth in population, accompanied by theunplanned expansion of the built environment of the town,is shattering the spiritual and historical essence of the town’s urban fabricsimultaneously. As a result, prominent historical monuments like the Tomband Garden of Lalarukh, Maqbara Hakeeman have decayed and are in direneed of attention. The research aims to generate an appropriate tourism planthat could, on the one hand, preserve these monuments and, on the other,could be helpful for the authorities to enhance the tourism potential of thetown. This research paper highlights the significance of historical andcultural heritage, which need to be conserved. The research was initiallyundertaken by identifying the significant historical monuments throughreconnaissance surveys, interviews and literature review by takingHassanabdal as a case study area which is an old historic town located inNorthern Punjab, exhibits diverse remnants from the times of Buddhist,Mughal, Sikh and British invaders. The recommendations were given in thelight of ICOMOS and UNESCO guidelines, keeping in view the currentconservation practices and legislation in Pakistan Humanity Publications School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/enhancing-tourism-potential-a-revitalizing-plan-for-central-zone-of-hassanabdal https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Analysis of Punjabi Syllable Structure Muhammad Asad Habib Arshad Ali Khan Generative Phonology CV phonology Three-tiered model The focus of this study is the analysis of Punjabi syllablestructure in the light of Generative Phonology Theory. UnderGenerative Phonology, CV phonology theory is used for the analysis of thePunjabi syllable. CV phonology is a three-tiered model explaining thestructure of the syllable. The data for this study is taken from native Punjabispeakers living in Lahore and its surrounding areas. Results of the studysuggest that Punjabi speakers use four main patterns for Syllableconstruction, namely CV, CVC, V and VC. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Linguistics and Communications, University of Management and Technology ,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Communications, University of Management and Technology ,Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-punjabi-syllable-structure https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Hanif's Red Birds Muhammad Ejaz Khan Aamir Shehzad Shamaila Roohi Stress Disorder Arousal Intrusive Avoidance The present study endeavors to analyze the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Muhammad Hanif’s Red Birds, focusing on the depiction of PTSD felt by major characters in then ovel. The psychological approach along with a descriptive qualitative method, has been used for evaluating the signs of PTSD in the backdrop of Raymond Benedict Flannery's theory. The significance of this study is to appraise the individuals about the hazardous outcomes of trauma. If trauma shows the symptoms of arousal, intrusive, and avoidance, the result is a post-traumatic stress disorder. Using this mechanism, the novel has been analyzed, and then the relevant data has been categorized according to the tenets of the theory. The study discovers the required symptoms of PTSD,i.e., intrusive, avoidance, and arousal, experienced by the characters. Mother Dear develops more intrusive symptoms as compared to arousal and avoidance symptoms, whereas arousal symptoms are more influenced by Momo. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Northern University Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-in-hanifs-red-birds https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Egyptian Political Movies: Framing Social Justice in the Movie Ahl El Kemma (Cream of the Crop) Mariam Waheed Mekheimar Egyptian Cinema Multimodal Discourse Analysis Social Justice Social Class Desert "Cream of the Crop" the 25th of January Revolution Nascent research is conducted on the advancement of discourse analysis in film to include different modes as images, sound and text. This study is focused on how images are embedded within texts in an audio-visual medium such as cinema to highlight political messages; it also seeks to broaden our understanding of politics beyond a relatively narrow conceptualization of the "political" through studying non-traditional discourses such as cinematic discourse. The aim of the study is to develop a systematic approach to film analysis to examine political nuance sin film. The method adopted in this research is Multi modal Discourse Analysis (MDA) focusing on embedding visuals, audio, and text in the film to examine how a political meaning can be conveyed through the interaction between those different modes. Drawing on the multi modal discourse analysis literature, different modalities will be studied to understand how those modes interact in the cinematic discourse. The film, "Cream of the Crop", is selected as an example to examine how political meanings in film can tackle the cinematic representation of the notion of social justice. This study contributes to the vast array of literature on the multi modal discourse analysis of films by focusing on political dynamics within them. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/multimodal-discourse-analysis-of-egyptian-political-movies-framing-social-justice-in-the-movie-ahl-el-kemma-cream-of-the-crop https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Teaching of English to Veterinary University Students: A Study to Examine Learner’s Intentions towards Online Learning during Different Waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan Abdul Khaliq Farzana Iqbal Rasheed Ahmad English Vaternary University Students Online Learning COVID-19 Pakistan In the present era, knowing the students' intention towards online learning has become necessary due to the persisting situations of the COVID-19. The current study explores the teaching of English to Biological Science students through online to explore their intentions towards online learning due to different waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The study used a rational method that utilizes cross-sectional data.The study employed a random sampling technique to trace the respondents.By using the AMOS, the results of a study underline a positive significant effect of performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), and perceived usefulness (PU) on intention towards online learning (ITOL) among the Biological Science students. The findings of the study are significant as they provide valuable insights to comprehend the elements that influence online learning (OL)concerning the teaching of English as a second language. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Allied Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, The Govt Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/teaching-of-english-to-veterinary-university-students-a-study-to-examine-learners-intentions-towards-online-learning-during-different-waves-of-covid19-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effect of Teacher's Professional Development on The Teachers’ Instructional Practices in Special Education Fariha Gul Amna Jahangir Muhammad Saleem Teachers' Professional Development Instructional Practices The study was performed to see the effect of Teachers' Professional Development on the Teacher's Instructional Practices in Special Education. The aims of this research include exploring the use of special education teacher instructional practices in schools and studying the influence of professional development on instructional practices of teachers. The study was quantitative in nature and used a self-developed survey for the collection of data from respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The result indicates that instructional practices differ on the basis of gender; however, qualification has no influence on instructional practices. Moreover, the distance (division)of respondents, duration of training did not affect the professional development of respondents. Moreover, professional development had a direct relationship with the instructional practices in special education. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Special Needs Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Special Needs Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-teachers-professional-development-on-the-teachers-instructional-practices-in-special-education- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Corpus-Based Comparative Stylometry of Both Sexes in Pakistani Editorials Amidst Stance Markers Sikandar Ali khan Owais Ahmad Zawar Hussain Attitude Markers Self–Mention Comparative Study AntConc Stylometry Editorials The current comparative mixed-method study attempts to analyses two features of stance markers-attitude markers and self-mention—in the editorials of Pakistani male and female columnists to capture the similarities and differences in their writing styles called stylometry. Hyland’s (2005) interaction model, comprising attitude markers and self-mention, was applied on the corpus consisting of 30 editorials, 15of which were from each gender: male and female. Editorials from two newspapers—The Dawn and The News—were analyzed with the help of Ant Conc. Findings indicated that attitude markers were less significant in both genders’ writings, confirming unanimity among the stylometry of both genders. Self-mentions were present with a higher proportion in male editorials than female editorials, revealing the difference. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Faculty of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Graduate, Faculty of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Graduate, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-corpusbased-comparative-stylometry-of-both-sexes-in-pakistani-editorials-amidst-stance-markers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Systematic Review on Digital Game-Based Versus Traditional Learning Approaches Ghulam Mujtaba Yasir Ajaz Shaheen Muhammad Hafeez Effective Engagement Traditional Learning Strategy Digital Game-Based Strategy A digital game-based learning approach is a sophisticated method in which the student is dynamically involved in the learning. The traditional or old learning technique is fully replaced by this learning strategy. Several research studies have demonstrated that employing a game-based strategy boosts learning. The purpose of the current review study was to employ descriptive and statistical approaches to compare the learning outcomes of pupils who used a digital game-based learning approach to those who used traditional learning strategies. A total of 26 papers published between 2012 and 2021 were chosen based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The previous research' literature evaluation revealed that the digital game-based learning method has proved to be every operative learning technique in a number of disciplines and learning situations. Learners are extremely engaged in the learning process while using a digital game-based learning technique Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of English, Government Associate College for Boys, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Lasbela University of Water, Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-systematic-review-on-digital-gamebased-versus-traditional-learning-approaches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Association between Temperament and Perceived Parenting Styles in Middle Childhood Abia Nazim Sumbal Riaz Malik Ivan Suneel Middle childhood Temperament Parenting practices Gender This research explored the relationship of children's temperament dimensions with perceived parenting style during middle childhood. It was quantitative research based on correlational design. The sample comprised of 7 to 11 years old children attending mainstream school and their parents selected through convenient sampling from different schools of Lahore. Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire and Parental Perception Questionnaire was used for data collection. The results indicated that authoritative parenting style shared a significant positive relationship with positive temperamental traits like surgency and effortful control), whereas negative affectivity temperamental dimension had a significant positive association with permissive and authoritarian parenting styles. Significant gender differences were witnessed in perceived parenting styles and temperamental dimensions. Findings were discussed in the context of previous research studies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Vice-Rector Intermediate Section, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-association-between-temperament-and-perceived-parenting-styles-in-middle-childhood https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Contrastive Analysis of Predicated Thematic Structures in the English Novel and its Urdu Translation Humaira Yaqub Ansa Ahsan Mubashir Iqbal Thematic Predication Thematic Progression Corpus English Urdu The study investigates the predicated thematic structures in the English text and its Urdu translation. The first objective is to define the variations in the Urdu translation of English predicated thematic structures. The second objective is to define how the variations in Urdu translation affect the thematic progression. The data has been collected from the English novel Things Fall Apart by Achebe (1958) and its Urdu translation Bikharti Duniya by Ullah (1991). The UAM Corpus Tool has been used to annotate the data and to find predicated thematic structures and their thematic progression.The findings show that the Urdu translation of English predicated themes is ambiguous and misleading. The English predicated themes have been translated as Urdu unmarked and marked ideational themes. Such unmotivated displacement of themes affects thematic progression. There occur some variations in the thematic progression of translated Urdu themes. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Government College University Faisalabad and Lecturer, GIFT University Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, University of Gujrat, Narrowal, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-contrastive-analysis-of-predicated-thematic-structures-in-the-english-novel-and-its-urdu-translation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Eight Weeks Training Effect on the Physical Fitness of Club Cricketers of Bahawalpur Rana Muhammad Faisal Muhammad Zia ul Haq Muhammad Numan Cricket Bowling Batting Strength Training Physical Fitness Agility The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on the physical fitness of club cricketers.Data were obtained from the experimental group (n = 15) and control group(n = 15). The selected variables were speed, agility, flexibility, endurance,and standing broad jump. An eight-week exercise program was planned for the experimental group, and the control group usually continued routine exercise. Data were collected before the start and after the training program.Uni variate analysis worked to determine the effect of training on the physical fitness measures. Results showed that the experimental group was significantly better in post-analysis in standing broad jump, endurance,agility, and flexibility. On the other hand, the control group was found uniform in the physical fitness test before and after data analysis. It was concluded that the physical fitness of club cricketers is associated with strength training. Humanity Publications Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Physical Education, Government Post Graduate College for Men, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/eight-weeks-training-effect-on-the-physical-fitness-of-club-cricketers-of-bahawalpur https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Islamophobia: An Impediment for Freedom of Religion and Harmonious Co- Existence in Pluralistic Societies Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Syed Mudasser Fida Gerdazi Islamophobia Religion Minority Peace Humanity Freedom Societies The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other international legal instruments provide freedom of religion to individuals and communities globally. Therefore, all the nations of the world agree to allow and respect the relevant religious practices for the followers of any particular religion. By virtue of its teachings and values,Islam was found as a religion of peace and harmony. But unfortunately, since the last two decades, especially after 9/11, the sentiments of Islamophobia have been rising. The existing literature shows the emerging Islamophobia is causing victimization of Muslims all over the world and particularly in the west, which is escalating with the passage of time. This victimization has created feelings of hatred among the various communities and has an impact on global peace. This study analyses the factors that lead to Islamophobia and its implication on the harmonious co-existence of societies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of History And Pakistan Studies, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/islamophobia-an-impediment-for-freedom-of-religion-and-harmonious-co-existence-in-pluralistic-societies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Politics of Opposition: A Critical Analysis of Financial Legislation in Pakistan (2013-18) Muhammad Adil Manzoor Khan Afridi Opposition Budget Debate Cut Motions Amendments In a parliamentary democracy, the opposition has a significant role in the parliament. This research article analyzes the role of opposition benches in finance bills presented on the floor of the National Assembly in the PML-N government from 2013-2018. It thoroughly investigates the debates of the members of the opposition benches made on all the budget bills in the period 2013-18. Moreover, the suggestions and amendments put forward by the members of the opposition parties are also critically analyzed.This study has carried out under a qualitative research design. The descriptive-analytical method is adopted for the analysis of data. This research shows that the opposition benches had actively participated in the budget bills through debate and cut motions. It had also criticized those policies of the government which are against the welfare of the common people, particularly the imposition of new taxes. It further finds that the opposition parties did the contrary when they came in power. Humanity Publications Visiting Assistant Professor, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-politics-of-opposition-a-critical-analysis-of-financial-legislation-in-pakistan-201318 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391125 2017-06-30 gssr

Pakistan's Electoral Sociology: Why do Voters' Vote? Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Election Politics Sociology Vote Pakistan The published literature reviewed indicates that the subject of current research has remained away from scholarly focus. The existing academic literature shows that studies on electoral politics largely focused on social and political determinants of voting behavior. The current study explains that sociology-historical material trajectory of the voting process. This has been continuously shaping aset of dispositions of people through the continued interplay of base structure and superstructure, which have a deep impact on voter choice formation. These dispositions formulate a neo liberal habit us and shape electoral choices of voters controlled by super structural forces who control the process of elections. The present study aimed at investigating the dynamics of voters’ choices. Why do voters vote? This is a key research question that has been explored in this paper.This research focuses on issues in which even electoral systems are operating,and these systems are manufacturing voting choices. The relationship of base structure and superstructures are the major framework that determines the behavior of voters in the larger electoral process. This is qualitative and theoretical study, and evidence have been taken from Hazara and Pothohar regions of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakistans-electoral-sociology-why-do-voters-vote https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relation of Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Secondary School Heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Qaiser Suleman Ishtiaq Hussain Saib Shehzad Relationship; Occupational Stress; Job Satisfaction; SecondarySchool-Heads This paper examines the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among secondary-school-heads in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of only 402 secondary-school-heads (Male n = 260, Female n = 142) was selected with the help of multistage sampling technique. A descriptive and correlative design was employed. Two standardized tools were employed i.e., "Occupational Stress Index (OSI)" and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) for seeking the responses. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were employed to analyze data statistically. The findings exposed a strong inverse relation between occupational stress and job satisfaction. Furthermore, a substantial negative correlation between all the subscales of occupational stress and overall job satisfaction is also present. Eight subscales of occupational stress, i.e., role ambiguity, responsibility for persons, under participation, unreasonable group and political pressure, low status, strenuous working conditions, peer group relations, and unprofitability were found significant predictors and have negative effect on job satisfaction. So, the researchers recommend focusing reduction in the level of occupational stress among secondary-school-heads. Elementary and Secondary Education Department should have collaboration with policy makers to formulate rewarding and effective strategies for stress reduction for secondary school heads to have high spirit for yielding good outcomes. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar (Education), Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Relation-of-Occupational-Stress-and-Job-Satisfaction:-A-Study-of-Secondary-School-Heads-in-Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa,-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Developmentalism and CPEC: A Study of Challenges Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad CPEC Pakistan China Development Economy There are multiple challenges to CPEC,and one amongst many is developmental-ism. In developmental-ism, the idea of development is imposed on the masses without their consent.This paper is an attempt to analyze selected challenges to CPEC along with developmental-ism. The socialization o fdevelopment plans and infrastructure with a social cause tocreates multiple challenges and opportunities. The questions whether a CPEC being a development plan can meet emerging challenges in politics and development? How does CPEC address these challenges? The present study explains the various challenges related to CPEC as a game-changer developmental project. The major challenges are strategic impacts of CPEC on Pakistan, profit rate charged by China on loans regarding CPEC, its effects on Pakistan's balance of payment, environmental issues, security costs, regional and international impacts, etc. The internal and external challenges are also shaping potential threats to mount pressure on the development projects of CPEC, which cause undermine the economic interests of different actors in the region Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology- Islamabad, Pakistan 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/developmentalism-and-cpec-a-study-of-challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Nation-Building in the Developing States: A Case Study of Pakistan Husnul Amin Maryam Siddiqa Lubna Batool Nation-building State-building Demographic Pakistan Administrative Flaws. This research concerns the process of nation-building in developing states with a focus on Pakistan. The study explores hurdles in the process of nation-building in Pakistan. In this connection, the study takes into account key political disparities such as uneven representation of various ethnic groups and regions in legislature and provincial assemblies, state-led cosmetic political reforms and feudalism and biradri-based political system that exist in various administrative units (and their tiers) of the state. The study also highlights the major administrative flaws and demographic shifts and divisions that are hampering the process of nation-building in Pakistan. The research also details the economic disparities found in various forms and at various levels in the state which minimize the prospects of nation-building in Pakistan. The study concludes that nation-building is always a state-controlled process and Pakistan has hardly addressed various hindrances in nation-building process such as political, demographic, administrative and economic issues of the various administrative units (and their tiers) as a state. Humanity Publications Executive Director,Iqbal International Institute for Research and Dialogue,International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Iqbal International Institute for Research and Dialogue, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Nation-Building-in-the-Developing-States:-A-Case-Study-of-Pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391129 2019-03-30 gssr

Dispute Resolution Practices in USA, Australia and UK/EU Abida Hassan Dil Muhammad Malik ADR Dispute Resolution Formal Informal Settlement. The research aims to highlight and discuss the different modes of settlement of disputes in todayÂ’s populated and overcrowded societies. The research has shown that due to expensive, time consuming and rigid process of formal justice system (court litigation) USA, Australia, UK and even European Union countries have preferred informal justice system (Alternative Dispute Resolution) for disputants to opt for their solutions. The informal dispute resolution system (Alternative Dispute Resolution) prevailing in modern countries like USA, Australia and UK is full of benefits and most probably the main reason for their progress and development also, and the study has shown that the system is working successfully in these countries, therefore, it can be applied anywhere even in the developing countries as well because this system is more sustainable in any form than the formal justice system (court litigation). Humanity Publications Ph. D Scholar, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Dean, Department of Law, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/dispute-resolution-practices-in-usa-australia-and-ukeu https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391130 2020-03-30 gssr

Women, History And Faith: Suleri's Critique Of Pakistan's National Culture In Meatless Days And Boys Will Be Boys Ghulam Murtaza Mazhar Hayat Syed Ali Waqar Hashmi Pakistani Literature in English Nation Representation Feminism Patriarchy Gender Sara Suleri Sara Suleri is divided between her fascination for her father's strong character and her repulsion for the consequent effect on woman's space in family life, connoting a critique of Pakistani patriarchal society in which women, irrespective of their social status, suffer from marginalization. Although Suleri's Boys Will Be Boys is an elegy for her father, as she announces in the sub-title of the work, she manages her tilt toward her father despite her advocacy of the woman's space miserably shrunk to domestic life in Pakistani society. Besides womenÂ’s position, she questions the dominant version of history and the state's political manipulation of religion for ulterior motives. She is close to Boehmer's theorization of the elitist continuities and intimacies with a view that develops from geographically and historically multiple contexts and histories. Her role as a native intellectual is two-pronged: her view is colored by Western discourse, but her status as a 'representative' Pakistani voice is also significant. This article analyzes how far Suleri's representation of women, religion and history of Pakistani society is colored by Western context. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Assistant, Department of English, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/women-history-and-faith-suleris-critique-of-pakistans-national-culture-in-meatless-days-and-boys-will-be-boys https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).63 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Awakening's Rediscovery: A literary Stimulus for Raising Women's Struggle in Pakistan Imran Ali Uzma Imtiaz Zainab Akram The Awakening; feminism; women; late 19th-century; patriarchy; Pakistan; USA The awakening has spoken to women's issues across time in many corners of the world regardless of caste, faith, nationality. Being a semi-autobiographical American-Novel, The Awakening was a catharsis against the late-19th-century Victorian constraints on Southern American women. The text challenged the hold of Victorian shackles on women's social, personal, marital, and sexual rights. Although the text had poor critical reception in its own time, it was reaccredited in the 1950s. Since then, the novel has kept on enlightening its readers through its powerful female-characters across times and cultures. This study revisits how the text reflected women's individualism; how readers responded to it, and how it has contributed a change to women's position. The analogy also signifies the degree to which the study could encourage the suppressed women's voice in Pakistan against—social, personal, marital, sexual —injustices that are done to them under cultural shackles, religious romanticizing, and androcentric norms. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University (FJWU), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University (FJWU), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-awakenings-rediscovery-a-literary-stimulus-for-raising-womens-struggle-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of self Esteem in the Context of Higher Education Rawalpindi and Islamabad University Students Wajiha Kanwal Tahir Aziz Muhammad Usman Saqib Self Esteem Rawalpindi & Islamabad Universities Self-esteem describes a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. It is often seen as a personality trait, which means that it tends to be stable and enduring. Self-Esteem can involve a variety of beliefs about self, such as the appraisal of one's own appearance, beliefs, emotions and behavior. The target population of this study was the students of universities at Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected through a stratified random sampling technique. Two universities were selected, and an equal number of students from each university was targeted to constitute a sample of 510 respondents. Data were analyzed with various statistics, which provided an insight that students differ in terms of self-esteem. It was concluded that Younger students (1st and 2nd semester) experience higher self-esteem than the older students; younger students also have higher scores on selfacceptance and self-competence, and academic competence, while older students (3rd & 4th semester) have a higher score on physical and social competence. Humanity Publications Chairperson/ HOD/ Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Wah, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Wah, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Wah, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-self-esteem-in-the-context-of-higher-education-rawalpindi-and-islamabad-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Pakistan's International Image and Need for Public Diplomacy Areeja Syed Shabnam Gul Zahid Akbar Diplomacy Public Diplomacy Propaganda Image Repairing Cultural Diplomacy Public diplomacy is an attempt made by governments to correspond directly with foreign publics. Each country has its own objectives to fulfil through public diplomacy, including image building and relationship building in the longer run. Nowadays, states frequently utilize Public Diplomacy to pursue their national interests. Pakistan is among the states that suffer from the menace of a negative perception owing to the countryÂ’s association with terrorism and instability. Now that the country has effectively won the War on Terror and an improved internal security situation prevails, the next step shall be towards improving its reputation by using public diplomacy. In this article, the authors delve into emphasizing why public diplomacy is imperative and the need of the hour for Pakistan, and how it can reform and rebuild its international image by employing an effective public diplomacy strategy. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department IR, COMSATS Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ministry of Defence, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakistans-international-image-and-need-for-public-diplomacy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391134 2020-09-30 gssr

Spatial Justice and Gender Socialization in Jamil AhmadÂ’s The Wandering Falcon Amna Ijaz Butt Kanza Umer Khan Nafees Parvez Gender Pakistani Literature Space Spatial Justice Tribalism. 'With Justin Williams' 'spatial justice' and Pierre Bordieu's 'role of gender', this article explores how gender socialization is the outcome of spatial correspondences and how the biological concerns regarding gender, specifically in third world countries like Pakistan, are the catalysts in this process of gender socialization. In this regard, this article delimits Jamil Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon to exhibit the cultural interpellation concerning gender disparity in establishing spatial justice. Space contributes to the socio-political and cultural consciousness that lets the gender know his/her location in a given social boundary. This gendered location is significant concerning a privileged stature of patriarchal/matriarchal mindset and performances. On the other hand, the phenomenon of spatial justice literalizes and materializes these mindsets and performances. This article examines the shift from individual consciousness to a social identity hence locates the impact of space in allocating a role to the gender. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/spatial-justice-and-gender-socialization-in-jamil-ahmads-the-wandering-falcon https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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An Exploratory Study about the Role of Experiential Learning for Developing Professional Skills at Higher Education Sidrah Ilyas Mahvish Fatima Kashif Hafiza Sadiya Iqbal Experiential Learning Learning Experiences Postgraduates Active Learning Higher Education Practical Approach This study explores the learning experiences of postgraduate students pursuing master's degree in higher education. The assessment students enrolled in the course "Application of Computer in Research" observed through semi-structured observations. These observations contained 16 weeks (4 days a week). The observation tool was validated through five experts' opinions, and a mock observation was conducted in order to ensure the reliability of the tool. The researcher deeply observed the students' learning experiences daily by tasks, activities and discussions in which they were involved by the teacher—the analysis procedures controlled through coding, memos and themes generation. The study findings revealed that experiential learning provided students with some important skills that enhance their learning in a better way. The study contributed to the field of education at a higher level than postgraduates might be handled through active learning because active learning may indulge new visions, ideas for creative work and transferring those ideas through reflection by involving students in the activities in which they do the tasks by themselves. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-exploratory-study-about-the-role-of-experiential-learning-for-developing-professional-skills-at-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Effects of Cardiovascular Exercises on Body Mass Index and Vital Capacity among Students of Sargodha University Yassar Iqbal Zubia Savila Muhammad Badar Habib Cardiovascular Exercises BMI Body Mass Index VC Vital Capacity University Students and Sedentary Lifestyle This research was designed to evaluate the effect of cardiovascular exercises on body mass index (BMI) and vital capacity (VC) among student aged between 21-27 years (M ± SD 22.3± 3.05). The experimental research study was applied to 54 University students of Sargodha. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. P-value ? 0.05 was considered significant. The result showed that the average BMI of the control group and experimental groups was 20.73±3.02 vs 21.51±3.21. The effectiveness of cardiovascular exercise on Vital capacity on Pre and post-test of the experimental group was -56.91272 ± 22.03192 with a pvalue of 0.000, which was showed there was a highly significant improvement in vital capacity of students and compare with the control group. It was concluded that body masses index and vital capacity is significantly improved in university students of the experimental group as a result of 10 weeks of the cardiovascular exercise training program. Conclude that there is a significant difference between the effects of cardiovascular exercise and daily routine sports activities on BMI. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sports Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-cardiovascular-exercises-on-body-mass-index-and-vital-capacity-among-students-of-sargodha-university https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Constraints Framework for Fair Profit Distribution in Partnerships for Islamic Deposits: A Critical Analysis of Literature Qazi Sikandar Hayat Brekhana Gul Muhammad Sohail Alam Khan Profit Distribution Management Profit and Loss Sharing Income Smoothing Constraints to PLS Model Interest Rate This study critically questions the PLS paradigm of Islamic banks in fair distribution of profits.PLS paradigm theoretically enforces that there should not be a significant difference between the returns offered to IAH and returns offered to shareholders. Smoothing of return can have a potential problem as IAH do not have any control over managerial decisions while banks owner equity is affected through absorption through displaced commercial risk. Therefore, this study analyzes the previous literature in a critical and systematic way to ascertain if Islamic banks are distributing profits in a realistic manner or there are some anomalies in the PLS paradigm of Islamic banks. Furthermore, the literature was analyzed critically to find out the associated factors and constraints that lead Islamic banks to impairment of PLS paradigm. Through analysis of the literature, smoothing of income and PDM is discovered in the empirical studies of different researchers.Furthermore, constraints to efficiently and effectively managing the fair distribution of profits have been identified in the literature. These constraints shape several factors, which are broadly categorized as banking characteristics, macroeconomic and financial environment, geographic and population characteristics; corporate and legal environment. A diagrammatic representation of constraints framework is suggested based on available literature. Furthermore, future directions for future research are provided at the end Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Business and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2020-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/constraints-framework-for-fair-profit-distribution-in-partnerships-for-islamic-deposits-a-critical-analysis-of-literature https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Rereading The Clash of Civilizations in Tariq Alis Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree Mazhar Hayat Nafees Parvez Kaneez Fatima Islam Christianity Crusades Judaism Clash of Civilizations This article reflects Tariq Ali's efforts to understand the reality of the myth of 'the clash of civilizations' as a socio-materialist scientist to metabolize compellingly inter-connected dimensions of historical 'reality'. The deconstruction of the historic reality provides us with a new prism to view the world from different perspectives, looking at new directions in the politico-historic enterprise. West has had a long tradition of misinterpreting the Crusades as holy wars were meant for the glorification of Christian divine faith, and they have become a metaphor for blessing humanity with West's superior moral values against the 'horror' of Islam. Western academia has been promoting this deceptive view of two 'incommensurable' civilizations. Huntington stretches this view to develop his philosophy of 'the clash of civilizations'. Tariq Ali is a Marxist socialist who interprets the Spanish history and rewrites the history of the Muslims' relationship and the Christians from a materialist perspective to disprove Huntington's thesis that Islam and Christianity are inherently incompatible for peaceful coexistence because of their totalizing teleological claims. Ali's Islam Quintet, a sequence of five novels, exposes the imperialist agenda behind the clash theory. This article analyzes Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree, the first novel of Ali's Islam Quintet, to evaluate Ali's critique of the clash of civilizations. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of English Literature, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of English Literature, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/rereading-the-clash-of-civilizations-in-tariq-alis-shadows-of-the-pomegranate-tree https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Populism in the United States: Binary Constructions by Donald Trump in the Domestic and Foreign Policies Muhammad Nadeem Mirza Lubna Abid Ali Irfan Hasnain Qaisrani Populism Jacksonianism Donald Trump American First the US Versus them Free Riders This study intends to explore the rise of Donald Trump to the White House. Why was Donald Trump considered a populist leader, and how did his populist rhetoric and actions impact the contours of American domestic and foreign policies? The study adopted qualitative exploratory and explanatory research techniques. Specific methods utilised to conduct the study remained political personality profiling. It finds that the populist leaders construct the binaries in the society by dividing the nation into two groups: 'us' the people, against 'them' the corrupt elite or other groups presented as a threat to the lives and livelihood of the nation. Though populism as a unique brand of politics remained active through most of the US history, yet these were only two occasions that populists were successful in winning the American presidential elections -Andrew Jackson in 1828 and Donald Trump in 2016. Structural and historical reasons became the biggest cause behind the election of Donald Trump, who successfully brought a revolution in American domestic and foreign policies. And if structural issues in the United States are not addressed, there is a clear chance that Trump - who is not withering away- will come back to contest and challenge any competitors in the 2024 presidential elections. Humanity Publications Faculty Member, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. Dean, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University Islamabad, Pakistan. Faculty Member, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/populism-in-the-united-states-binary-constructions-by-donald-trump-in-the-domestic-and-foreign-policies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effectively Managing Classroom: A Case Study of Four Novice Elementary Teachers in Private Schools Ayesha Saleem Yaar Muhammad Malahat Fuad Siddiqui Private Schools Effective Classroom Management Case Study Novice Elementary Teachers This study explored the lived experiences of novice elementary school teachers with respect to classroom management. This study used a phenomenological case study research design. Four novice elementary school teachers struggling with classroom management were selected from private elementary schools in Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit the lived experiences of the participants. All interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed for conducting a qualitative content analysis of the data. The analysis revealed that novice teachers faced various challenges in managing their class-and used multiple pedagogical techniques to handle day-to-day classroom issues. Usually, a new teacher is highly dependent on the support and help from the school management; irony, however, is that they seldom receive any. This study contributes to contextual knowledge related to the issues and needs of novice private elementary school teachers at the start of their careers. Humanity Publications Lecturer, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Associate, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effectively-managing-classroom-a-case-study-of-four-novice-elementary-teachers-in-private-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Class Distinction in Zakia Mashhadi's The Cover Faces Fatima Yousuf Naveed Ahmad Taseer Rukhshanda Mushtaq Social Imbalances Society Bourgeoisie Upper Class Proletariat The Cover Faces Lower Class Class Distinction Society is a combination of the upper and the lower class:The upper class or Bourgeoisie is busy in their world endeavors and their quest for 'more and more; whereas, in contrast, the lower class or proletariat strives for a proper one-time meal. Over time, this disparity between the classes gets horrible. The drastic consequences of this disparity become observable in society in hatred and injustice. Different authors of colonial India have jotted down social imbalances of the subcontinent, including Zakia Mashhadi. Her short story, 'The Cover Faces',extracted from an English translated collection 'In Search of Butterflies' by Saeed Naqvi (2017), was taken for qualitative textual analysis under Lois Tyson's (2006) 'Theory of Class Distinction'. Zakia Mashhadi showed the two parallel classes in society, where Bourgeoisie have almost everything;however, in the same society, Bourgeoisie even deprived the proletariat of the fundamental rights and necessities of life Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Faculty of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan MPhil English, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Research Scholar, Department of Education, University of Wah, Wah Cantonment, Punjab, Pakistan 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/class-distinction-in-zakia-mashhadis-the-cover-faces https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391142 2019-06-30 gssr

Sufism and Mysticism in Aurangzeb Alamgir's Era Faleeha Zehra Kazmi Farzana Riaz Syeda Hira Gilani Sufism Mystic poetry Mughal dynasty Aurangzeb Alamgir Habib Ullah Hashmi Mysticism is defined as a search of God, Spiritual truth and ultimate reality. It is a practice of religious ideologies, myths, ethics and ecstasies. The Christian mysticism is the practise or theory which is within Christianity. The Jewish mysticism is theosophical, meditative and practical. A school of practice that emphasizes the search for Allah is defined as Islamic mysticism. It is believed that the earliest figure of Sufism is Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Different Sufis and their writings have played an important role in guidance and counselling of people and peaceful co-existence in the society. Mughal era was an important period regarding Sufism in the subcontinent. The Mughal kings were devotees of different Sufi orders and promoted Sufism and Sufi literature. It is said that Aurangzeb Alamgir was against Sufism, but a lot of Mystic prose and poetic work can be seen during Aurangzeb AlamgirÂ’s era. In this article, we will discuss Mystic Poetry and Prose of Aurangzeb's period. Humanity Publications H.O.D, Persian Department, LCWU, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Urdu, GCU, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD. Scholar, Persian Department, LCWU, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/-sufism-and-mysticism-in-aurangzeb-alamgirs-era https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effects of Leadership on School Performance: Comparison between Perceptions of Teachers and Head Teachers of Special and Regular Schools Sadia Siddiqui Shahida Sajjad Irshad Hussain Head teacher leadership school performance This study compared the perception(s) of teachers and headteachers working in special schools and those in regular schools about the effect of leadership on the performance of the school. The sample included 100 teachers and 50 headteachers from each of the school categories in Karachi city. The analysis of data was carried out by using descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-test. The results revealed that teachers and headteachers perceived leadership style to be affecting the performance of the school. The headteachers and teachers from regular schools and teachers from special schools scored highest on their response(s) demonstrating that headteachers anticipated the role teachers working under their leadership in inculcating knowledge, skills, and attitudes among students; whereas, the score of the responses of the headteachers of special schools appeared to be highest indicating that they guide their teachers how to attain the goals of their school(s). Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Special Education, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Special Education, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Education,The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Effects-of-Leadership-on-School-Performance-Comparison-between-Perceptions-of-Teachers-and-Head-Teachers-of-Special-and-Regular-Schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Role of Instructional Leadership in Successful Execution of Curriculum: Head Teachers' Perspective Moafia Nader Fakhra Aziz Afifa Khanam Instructional Leadership Successful Execution Curriculum Head Teachers' Perspective Transformational leadership has been characterized by vision and inspiration while the emphasis of instructional /pedagogical leadership is on framing clear goals and objectives and then achieve them through careful planning and monitoring. Headteachers play the leading role in school improvement and increase and maintain instructional effectiveness. Their prime focus is on learning outcomes and enhancing the quality of the teaching-learning process. A qualitative research design was applied to get headteachers' perspectives about role of instructional leadership in successful execution of the curriculum. Purposively 14 headteachers were selected to conduct interview. Among them 7 were female headteachers and 7 were male headteachers. The interview protocol was developed after reviewing literature and discussing role of instructional leaders in successful execution of curriculum with experts in the area and renowned educationists. It was revealed that school heads as instructional leaders have an important role in successful execution of curriculum Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Lahore College for women university, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education,Lahore College for women university, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Lahore College for women university, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Role-of-Instructional-Leadership-in-Successful-Execution-of-Curriculum-Head-Teachers-Perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Autobiographic Discursive Construction of Immigrant Identity: A Discourse Historical Analysis of 'My Life's Journey' Fouzia Rehman Khan Sumaira Shafiq Ayaz Qadeer Mohajir; identity; CDA; DHA; Discourse The present critical discourse study explores the discursive construction of immigrant identity of Mohajir/Urdu Speaking people in Pakistan through the analysis of an autobiographic discourse in the form of My Lifes Journey by Altaf Hussain. Discourse Historical Approach of CDA serves as the theoretical and analytical framework for this study. This framework is based on themes and discursive strategies. The analysis of the selected discourse reveals that the interview based autobiography of the political figure is based on the recurring theme of political transformation and reconstruction of immigrant identity. The discourse is also constituted of several discursive strategies; the most prevalent ones are those of victimization, topos of history, topos of definition and positive self and negative other presentation. The autobiographical discourse highlights the transformational phases the immigrant identity of Mohajirs has gone through. The readers of this discourse under analysis often encounter terms like parochial difference, biased attitudes, and discrimination. Humanity Publications Assistant professor,Department of English,Sardar Bahadur khan Womens University, Quetta Baluchistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmi Studies, University of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (English),Department of Management Sciences,COMSATS University, Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/The-Autobiographic-Discursive-Construction-of-Immigrant-Identity-A-Discourse-Historical-Analysis-of-My-Lifes-Journey https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Practitioners' Perception about Professional Learning Practices at Higher Secondary Level in Public and Private Sector Farkhanda Tabassum Shazia Zamir Saira Nudrat Professional learning practices teaching learning process students' achievements institutional development professional development The study analyzed practitioners' perceptions about professional learning practices at higher secondary level in public and private sector. The components of professional learning practices were teaching learning process, students' development, teachers' professional relationship and service, institutional development and personal and professional growth. The objectives of this paper focused on checking practitioners' insights regarding above given components. The sample of the study were 633 practitioners. Major findings were that there was no major difference in perceptions of both sector teachers about teaching learning and students' development. The practitioners of private schools showed more interest in professional relationship, institutional development, personal and professional growth. It is recommended that institutional administration may make it mandatory for practitioners to prepare professional teaching portfolio and may design professional development courses about building their competency in classroom management. The administration of public schools may plan professional learning communities and knowledge sharing societies through launching collaborative campaigns. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor,Department of Education, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Practitioners-Perception-about-Professional-Learning-Practices-at-Higher-Secondary-Level-in-Public-and-Private-Sector https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Knowledge Hiding and Creativity in Higher Education Institutes: Understanding the Contingent Role of Perceived Supervisory Support Hina Samdani Bakhtiar Ali Nida Kamal Creativity Evasive Hiding Interpersonal Distrust Knowledge Hiding Rationalized Hiding. Supervisory Support. In higher education institutes, knowledge sharing is part and parcel for the success of the individuals and institutions. However, there are a number of instances where employees are found to be indulged in knowledge hiding. This paper explores this novel construct by targeting permanently faculty of private and semi-private higher education institutes of Pakistan. Theorizing on social learning and exchange theory, this study proposes that employees are indulged in knowledge hiding which sensitizes a reciprocal loop of distrust among colleagues and as a consequence the target is later also reluctant to share the required information. This finally leads to decreasing the creativity of the hider too. Furthermore, it has been proposed that perceived supervisory support can play an important role in decreasing the negative effects of knowledge hiding on the creativity of the hider. Implications and recommendations for future research prospects in the said area are also highlighted Humanity Publications Senior Assistant Professor,Department of Business Studies,Bahria Business School, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor,Department of Business Studies, Bahria Business School, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Studies, Bahria Business School, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Knowledge-Hiding-and-Creativity-in-Higher-Education-Institutes-Understanding-the-Contingent-Role-of-Perceived-Supervisory-Support https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Exploring the Rhetoric of Deceit in Cyber Marketing for Education Rabiah Rustam Akbar Ali Muhammad Imran Rhetoric of Deceit Persuasive Claims AXACT Website AXACT Scandal Current article aims to investigate the rhetoric used in one of the biggest scams in the history of online education known as the "AXACT scandal". The key purpose is to unfold the real situation by finding the strategies used for deception and to identify the fallacious tactics that stay hidden from the eyes of the website audiences. The research has not only attempted to recognize the rhetorical situation but also looks into the techniques of persuasion (logos, pathos and ethos) that were used in making the advertising claims. Further, the logical fallacies associated with the rhetorical appeals have been identified. The article finds that the deceptive rhetoric has been used in a number of ways in order to make the content persuasive. Moreover, there are a number of fallacious appeals that have been used to make the claims look attractive to the website visitors. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor,Department of Humanities,COMSATS, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English,FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecurer,Department of English,FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Exploring-the-Rhetoric-of-Deceit-in-Cyber-Marketing-for-Education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Relationship Between Teachers Leadership Styles and Students Academic Achievement Abdur Rashid Roohul Amin Shabir Ahmad Teachers Leadership Styles Students academic Achievement Leadership styles play an important role and position in pedagogical activities and school effectiveness because they play a major role in the learning process. The current study looked at the relationship between teacher leadership styles (including democratic, autocratic, transformational and transactional) and student academic achievement at the university level. Head of the Departments of Social Sciences and Master degree students made up the study population. Twenty-nine Heads of Departments (HODs) and two hundred and six students from five public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtukhawa were selected through simple random and stratified (proportionate) sampling techniques. Data was collected through a questionnaire, the reliability co-efficient of which was 0.72 and 0.82 for HODs and students respectively. The data collected was analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Correlation. The study results indicate that teacher leadership styles are strongly linked to student academic success Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Upper Dir, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Upper Dir, KP, Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-teachers-leadership-styles-and-students-academic-achievement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study to Identify the Psychological Problems of Students at Primary Level Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer Mumtaz Gul Khan Abdul Shakoor Psychological Problems Academic Learning Disabilities The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an understanding of psychological problems among students, particularly within the academic learning and achievement of academic goals. The research population contains all the primary schools of District of Rawalpindi. Twenty primary schools were selected as sample of the study. Moreover 20 teachers, 20 parents and 40 students selected from each primary school. The study objectives were 1) To identify the psychological problems to students on primary level. 2) To study and examine why these psychological problems emerged and how to take precautionary steps to reduce them. The Interviews were as a research instrument. Data was collected and analysis revealed the following conclusion: The major causes of psychological problems among students were academic problems, learning disabilities, and exam stress. It is also recommended that newly hired teachers be trained in child psychology before they have the responsibility to teach children. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Faculty of Education, AIOU, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Development, Ghizer Campus Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. PhD, Department of Education, Sarhad University of Science and IT Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-to-identify-the-psychological-problems-of-students-at-primary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Effects of British Council Training Program English as Medium of Instruction on Primary School Teachers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Shabir Ahmad Roohul Amin Abdur Rashid British Council Primary School Teachers English as Medium of Instruction Activity Based Teaching and Students Centered Teaching The present study would lead to know the effects of British Council training program on the primary school teachers in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa. The objective of the study was to know the effects of the training program on the primary school teachers. The primary school teachers, who successfully completed grade III training English as Medium of Instruction in Khyber Pukhtunkhawa, were the population of the study. The study was delimited to male primary school teachers of the three districts namely Mardan, Peshawar and Swabi. The target population was 1947 male primary school teachers, of whom 330 was selected. The data was collected through questionnaire and analyzed through percentage and chi-square. The results of the study that the primary school teachers were able to use English as Medium of Instruction. The study recommended that such trainings should be arranged for teachers to improve their skills of using English as Medium of Instruction. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Elementary and Secondary Education Department, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Upper Dir, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Upper Dir, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-british-council-training-program-english-as-medium-of-instruction-on-primary-school-teachers-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Job Satisfaction Facet Company Policies and Practices of Public and Private Universities Teachers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Rukhsana Aziz Rahmatullah Shah Job Satisfaction Teaching Faculty University Policy and Practices Organizations claim to make policy changes for betterment in the workplace, improving operations or creating a safer environment for employees. But employees' initial reaction is often resistance to these changes unless they are convinced with the claim. This paper compares the opinions of teaching faculty of public and private universities on company policy and practices, sub variable of job satisfaction.The population contained all teaching faculty of universities in KP province. For drawing sample, universties selection was done randomly. Fourteen universities were selected through simple random sampling method out of 30 universites. 420 respondents were randomly selected from the population. Data collection was done through Minnesota Questionnaire. Insignificant difference is reported between the opinions of teaching faculty of these two sector universities on company policy and practices domain of their job satisfaction Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, Northern University, Nowshehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of Science & Technology Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/job-satisfaction-facet-company-policies-and-practices-of-public-and-private-universities-teachers-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Interplay of Leadership Styles, Employees' Performance and Organizational Life Cycle Mujahid Hussain Amna Niazi Kanwal Iqbal Khan Authoritative Democratic Transformational Transactional The study investigates the moderation role of Organizational Life Cycle (OLC) stages on the relationship between leadership styles and employees' performance. The study remained restricted to four basic leadership styles, namely authoritative, democratic, transformational and transactional styles. The findings of the study are (1) OLC stages have no significant impact on the relationship between transformational style and performance employees and on the relationship between transactional style and performance of employees (2) OLC stages have a significant impact on the relationship between authoritative styles and performance employees and on the relationship between democratic leadership styles and performance of employees. Findings can be used in the hiring of new leadership by organizations and in the deciding priorities of leadership development as per the stages of OLC. It is expected that the findings of the study are generalizable due to the size of the sample and the extensiveness of the study. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, FAST School of Management, National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Humanities and social science department. University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/interplay-of-leadership-styles-employees-performance-and-organizational-life-cycle https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Investigation of the Reading Habits among Pakistani University Students Ayesha Butt Mohibullah Khan Marwat Fariha Gul Reading Skills Reading Habits Academic Reading Non-Academic Reading Reading is an essential skill, which further paves the way for excellence in life both academically and non-academically. Reading habit does not necessarily include the reading of academic texts, but it also includes reading for pleasure, reading for information, reading for knowledge etc. It can also be a valuable essence to constructively progress the academic achievements of the students. The present study investigated the reading habits of Pakistani university students. The sample of the study was 600 university pupils from various disciplines of 6 universities. The quantitative survey showed that students were not inclined towards reading habits other than their course books. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, TESOL, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-investigation-of-the-reading-habits-among-pakistani-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Qualitative Portrayal of the Problems of Teachers in Promoting English Language Communicative Competence among Intermediate Students Shahzad Rasul Irshad Hussain Jawad Rasool Promoting English Communicative Competence Fluency Accuracy The role of the language teacher is versatile. The study intended to delve deep into problems of English language teachers at an intermediate level in district Dera Ghazi Khan. The research study was qualitative in nature. The researcher developed a semi-structured interview for the teachers. Its population included all of the male English language teachers at higher secondary schools and colleges of the district. The researcher used purposive sampling procedure to collect data. The study found that teachers face a lot of problems in promoting oral English language communicative competence at intermediate in terms of in-service training regarding communicative competence, no activities in English language textbooks at intermediate. The study suggested arranging online and on-campus training to enhance the capacity of teachers in a specific area of communicative competence, to add a feature of oral English language assessment (viva voce) in annual examinations on the pattern of science subjectsÂ’ practical work and marks Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman/Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-qualitative-portrayal-of-the-problems-of-teachers-in-promoting-english-language-communicative-competence-among-intermediate-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Addressing the Affordable Housing Challenges for Urban Poor in Pakistan Zafar Iqbal Zafar Abdul Waheed Beenish Javaid Squatter Settlements Katchi Abadi Affordable Housing Urban Poor. The rapid growth of urbanization has resulted in tremendous pressure on housing in urban areas, particularly for middle- and lower-income groups. The formal sector has been unable to cater to the affordable housing demand, particularly for urban poor. Islamabad is the planned city and capital of Pakistan; its development started in 1960. A number of squatter settlements have emerged in this planned city which are increasing with the passage of time. The government of Pakistan, realizing the gravity of the problem, started various programs and approached at different times to address this issue. This paper discusses various international and national approaches in this context. Squatter settlements in Islamabad have been visited, and field data were collected through a survey from France Colony Sector F-7/4, Islamabad and recommendations have been suggested in the light of international practices. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, SCEE, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, SCEE, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, SCEE, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/addressing-the-affordable-housing-challenges-for-urban-poor-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Nexus of Efficiency and Profitability: A Case Study of Private Commercial Banks of Pakistan Farhat Ullah Khan Aman Ullah Khan Siraj -Ud- Din Efficiency Profitability Commercial Banks Return on assets Technical Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis. The study aimed at exploring the relationship between efficiency and profitability of private commercial banks operating in Pakistan. The efficiency represented by technical efficiency has been assessed by non-parametric data envelopment analysis approach while profitability indicated by return on assets has been computed through conventional ratio analysis for period 2009 to 2013. The analysis revealed that technical efficiency declined during the study period and remained at 89%. HMB was identified as the top-performing bank in technical efficiency while MCB remained highly profitable. Banks were then grouped based on TE and ROA. MBL, UBL, DIB, SCB, BAH, HBL and HMB observed as top-performing banks based on TE and ROA. These banks are considered a role model for other inefficient and less profitable banks. Whereas, other banks were grouped as weak, based on below-average ROA and TE scores. These banks can adopt distinct product mix or business strategies to become profitable in future. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-nexus-of-efficiency-and-profitability-a-case-study-of-private-commercial-banks-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Socio-Political and Socio-Economic Perspectives of Sudan with Special Reference to Darfur Conflict Assad Mehmood Khan Nazim Rahim Muhammad Javed Africa Sudan Darfur Conflict Socio-Political Socio-Economic Ethno-Cultural The Darfur conflict exists across the westward region in Sudan, though an emergent domestic conflict, however, aimed at socio-political and socio-economic unrest beyond borders. Following 2003 happenings in Sudan, the problem in Darfur province has been stated interrupted or voyaged, affording the center case before the international community than the United Nations, denoting genocide. While ascertaining the insurgence particularities, the issues of the Darfur area have largely discoursed as ethnic-cultural conflicts among Afro-Arab tribal populaces across Sudan. Thus, an explanation appears abortive to explain the complexed state of affairs contradicting the inconsistent conditions. Therefore, such a particular research article is expected to investigate the existing gap formulating explanation over the issue by considering two foremost contributive characters - the socio-political and socio-economic explanations aimed at overall unrest in Sudan with special reference to the Darfur conflict. Furthermost significantly, in realist's exploration approach and descriptive analysis methodology of the problems in Darfur, drive and conclude beyond an ethnocultural explanation, thus, appeared credible to unearth the problems, in particular socio-political and socio-economic reasons, thus, imperious to consider the concerns so as to achieve stability in Darfur and permanency in Sudan. Thus, this research piece endeavor to analyze a precise setting of socio-political and socio-economic perspectives in Sudan's unrest with special reference to the Darfur conflict. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University of Science & IT, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sociopolitical-and-socioeconomic-perspectives-of-sudan-with-special-reference-to-darfur-conflict https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Love as a Deteriorative Stimulus in Love in the Time of Cholera: A Readers Response Analysis Saba Zaidi Ayesha Ashraf Ghania Khan Love Cholera Deteriorative Readers Response Disease Love in the Time of Cholera (1988) deals with the theme of love. In this novel, Garcia Marquez has represented love in various scenarios and through different characters. The novel projects every kind of love, such as; parental love, love for the opposite sex, and domestic love, yet love is not projected as a sweet and subtle emotion. This study has traced the elements of the destructive and deteriorative influence of love, which are analytically discussed in detail. The study is a selected work as it is limited to the mentioned novel. The method of research is Relational Analysis (1992) by Carley from the paradigm of Content Analysis wherein the tools of analysis are theme, characters, symbols and title. The novel is analyzed through the theoretical framework of Readers Response Theory by Rosenblatt (1995). Findings of the study have led to the conclusion that love has been projected as a destructive and devastating stimulus in the novel. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, SBK Women University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/love-as-a-deteriorative-stimulus-in-love-in-the-time-of-cholera-a-readers-response-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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China's Grand Strategic Response over Global Unipolarity Shabnam Gul Aftab Alam Muhammad Faizan Asghar China United States Middle East Soft Balancing Africa The USA, the victor of the Cold War, became supper power in 1992 and started to exercise its hegemony in the world. China, a Cold War ally of the US, became a stronger economy and came forward to encounter the Primacy of the US in Asia. In the name of peaceful development and cooperation, China has become the supreme exporter of the world and the second economy of the world. The advancement PRC has made in the arena of technology, military, space technology, its engagements in different regions, its soft balancing strategy in the world displays that China wants to perform as a forthcoming hegemon of the world. This paper analyze both the soft and hard balancing tactics of China to counter the omnipotence of the US in different regions of the world. The strategies of China illustrates that it is searching for a multipolar world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Centre for south Asian studies, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/chinas-grand-strategic-response-over-global-unipolarity https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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China-India Relations under Modi Regime and Pakistan's Concerns Sabahat Jaleel Shabnam Gul Zahid Akbar Asian Giants China Emerging Economies India Interdependence Pakistan China and India are rising powers of Asia. Both Asian giants have to adopt the policy of interdependence by growing economic ties; on the other side, they have a strict stance on border disputes. This article describes in detail the bilateral relationship between China-India, especially under the Modi doctrine, during his first term. Secondly, it also discusses the limitation of these growing ties and growing concerns for Pakistan. The basic argument of this article is that the growing economic interdependence will affect Pakistan, especially if this interdependence transfer from the economic to military dimension. The whole data is based on exploratory in nature. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the research goals. Tools used for data collection include oral interviews and content analysis of the existing literature on the subject in the form of books, official reports and research articles. The relevant literature has been objectively analyzed to reach a meaningful conclusion. Humanity Publications Lecturer, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ministry of Defence, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/chinaindia-relations-under-modi-regime-and-pakistans-concerns https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Magical Realism Revisited in Erdrich's Tracks: An Interactional Thick Inscription Qasim Shafiq Sardar Ahmad Farooq Asim Aqeel Anishinaabe Culture Erdrich Magic Realism Myth Oral Tradition This study revisits Louise Erdrich's practice of 'magic realism' to explain how the realistic presentation of unreal elements in Erdrich's writings differs from the western expression of magic realism. With the interactional thick inscription of Erdrich's magic realism, this study argues that the unreal events in Tracks are not based on Erdrich's imagination but the spiritual facts of her inheritance. Her description of naturalcum-supernatural elements cohesively achieves a synthesis of the Chippewa Anishinaabe magic-realistic world and, simultaneously, derives the social and cultural hierarchy of the Native American world. She appropriates the western concept of 'magic realism' to enlighten her oral tradition in 20th-century non-native societies. This appropriation explores the individuality of Native American traditional ways of being that have been considered cultural nonsense in modern academia. This interactional thick inscription of delimited text systematically inscribes the pre-Columbian context of 20th century Chippewa Anishinaabe, the Canadian border, and defines Erdrich's quest for her native identity. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Department of English, Government Postgraduate College Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/magical-realism-revisited-in-erdrichs-tracks-an-interactional-thick-inscription https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Exploring the Practices of Government Secondary School Teachers about National Professional Standards for Teacher Fasiha Altaf Muhammad Saeed Case Study Teacher Standards Professional Standards Classroom Practices Teaching or enhancing the quality of teachers, the Government of Pakistan introduced the National Professional Standards for Teachers in 2009. The study was qualitative in nature. A case study design was adopted to conduct the research. A purposive criterion sampling technique was used to select the sample. A semi-structured interview and observation checklist was developed by the researcher. The instruments were validated and improved in the light of expertsÂ’ opinions. Research ethics were observed during the study and before the data collection. Themes were generated and interpreted which were relevant to the research questions of the study. The findings of the study indicate that public sector teachers have command of the subject matter knowledge, but lesson planning and proper assessment are missing. It is being recommended that awareness about the National Professional Standards must be created among public sector teachers and teachers should be made bound for planning their instructions according to standards. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-practices-of-government-secondary-school-teachers-about-national-professional-standards-for-teacher https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391164 2019-12-30 gssr

Popularizing Islamophobia: Dissemination of Pakophobic Myths in I am Malala Aisha Jadoon Kanwal Zahra Islamophobia Pakophobia Oppressed Muslim Women Narratives By admitting Islamophobia as an urgent issue, recent Western scholarship attends to theidentification of causes responsible for the continuous surge in anti-Muslim sentiment since 9/11.Yet these discourses tend to be less attentive to the damaging effects of the wild proliferation of "oppressed Muslim women narratives" -which is a recognizable subgenre of first-person narratives within Western readingcircles. The dominant tendency of considering these narratives as authentic ethnographic representations of the Muslim world is required to be acknowledged as a significant contributoryfactor to the spread of Islamophobia. As a justification, this paper pointsout ethnographic generalizations as testimonials to the propagation of Islamophobic myths in I am Malala. Utilizing Kumar's idea of Islamophobicmyths as the selective narration of traditional, incorrect and selectivehistorical and cultural happenings of the Muslim world, this paperconcludes that Malala's narrative justifies imperial intervention in Afghanistan -Pakistan. Orientalized recounting of women's oppressionand acceptance of liberal ideals of Western modernity and femininityprojected by this narrative causes Pakophobia- a new variant ofIslamophobia. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/popularizing-islamophobia-dissemination-of-pakophobic-myths-in-i-am-malala https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Selling the Foresight of Development: Prospects of China Pakistan Economic Corridor Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Foresight Development Prospects CPEC Pakistan China Construction of perception and commodification of foresight is a political tool to hold control over the means of production and enhance a hegemonic control over the public sphere, imagination, and even mass perceptions. Foresight is a process to (re)produce commodities, but the process is itself a commodity. Foresight has become a commodity; now, it is a market product for sale and purchase. Politics of prospects related to CPEC and the construction of perceptions and meanings attached to the development process is a significant component of foresight.This paper is primarily an explanation of hermeneutical study CPEC by analyzing the existing perceptions and perceived prospects. The perceptions and perceived prospects provide an institutional base of forecasting and foresight. CPEC is operating in a larger capitalist system whose sole purpose is (re)production of capital in which superficial fascination of foresight and development are merely commodities for buying and selling. A qualitative approach has been used for analyzing the perceived prospects over CPEC. Pakistan perceives CPEC as the development of industry, infrastructure, and agriculture and a catalyst for economic growth development. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Policy Studies, COMSATS University-Islamabad. He worked as Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kin 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/selling-the-foresight-of-development-prospects-of-china-pakistan-economic-corridor https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).62 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Longing for Belonging in Erdrich's The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse Nafees Pervez Sidra Khalil Muhammad Asaf Amir Belonging Erdrich Euro- American Voice Native American Culture Oral Tradition. part from its predecessors Tracks and Four Souls, Louise Erdrich's Last Report on the Miracle sat Little No Horse does not narrate the struggle and suffering of natives to preserve native lands,traditions, and culture, but the auto/biographical notes of the leading characters of the novel, their longing and belonging for/to the particular places or people. Both non-Native and native narratives of the novel critically engage this claim that Erdrich approaches indigenous values from many perspectives: the liminal, native, or western.This study claims that the contemporary tribal view of the indigenous culture cannot be restricted to pure Native American voice but is also determined by Euro-American voice because the contemporary Native American culture is the interaction of Native and non-Native elements. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecture in English, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/longing-for-belonging-in-erdrichs-the-last-report-on-the-miracles-at-little-no-horse https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).63 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391167 2021-12-30 gssr

Impact of Work-Life Balance on Performance of Police in Baluchistan with Moderating Effect of Occupational Stress Muhammad Rizwan Anjum Hadi Hassan Khan Nagina Gul Work-Life Balance Performance of Police Occupational Stress Work-life balance has an impact on individual performance,and work life balance is affected by a number of factors.Performance is affected by a number of factors which are divided into physical and psychological domains. Physical domains as workplace facilities,salary, or other tangible benefits to employees are often taken care of in organizations. However, the psychological aspect, which includes the family/social life of the employee, are intangible in most of organizations.Occupational stress is hampering the work-life balance of employees, as is evident in the literature; however, its exact dimensions on public sector employees in Pakistan are yet not researched. For this purpose, Police organizations will be studied to know the impact of work-life balance on the performance of police in Baluchistan with a moderating effect of occupational stress. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Associate Professor of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta, Balochistan. Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-worklife-balance-on-performance-of-police-in-baluchistan-with-moderating-effect-of-occupational-stress https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391168 2022-03-30 gssr

Exploring the Role of Non-Governmental Organizations during COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan Madieha Akram Nazia Hamid Aamir Hayat Covid-19 NGOs Stakeholders Power of Partnerships Pakistan The purpose of this research was to examine the role of NGOs during COVID-19. Covid-19 pandemic was substantially more than a health crisis, it's also a significant financial crisis. Qualitative data was collected in this research through interview guide from administration of NGOs. In this research working of NGOs, challenges confronting to NGOs, nature of coordination of NGOs with different stakeholders, strategies used by the NGO's, response of people regarding the services, how NGO's managing their resources for providing services during COVID-19 pandemic was studied. It was found that NGOs were providing assistance to the patients of the Covid-19 as well as facilitating them in all respect related to treatment of Covid-19.It was recommended that NGOs should have to build up their electronic communication capacity, build up their site and discuss consistently with NGOs individuals. Humanity Publications Chairperson/Assistant Professor, School of Sociology, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan M.Phil. Scholar, School of Sociology, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Sociology, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-role-of-nongovernmental-organizations-during-covid19-pandemic-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mentoring Effectiveness for Primary School Teachers' Competencies Through Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Muhammad Abbas Afshan Jabeen Saba Tariq Mentoring Competencies Continuous Professional Development Primary Level The aim of the current study was to identify different competencies developed through Continuous Professional Development (CPD) and to evaluate the effectiveness of mentoring in developing different competencies among primary teachers. It was a descriptive and quantitative study in nature. Primary school teachers (PSTs)from the district of Lahore were the population of the study. The sample was selected randomly from 10Percent of the total population (N = 786). For the data collection, a 5-point Likert-type questionnaire was developed by the searcher. To answer the research questions, data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 with mean SD, t-test, and ANOVA. The identified professional competencies through the CPD program were classroom management, micro-teaching, reinforcement, planning and strategies, learning environment,human growth and development, assessment, communication skills, asking questions, and lesson planning. Mentoring is recommended to be done at the elementary and secondary levels to develop competencies Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Graduate (Physics), University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/mentoring-effectiveness-for-primary-school-teachers-competencies-through-continuous-professional-development-cpd https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-IV).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Analyzing English Language Learning Problems of Students through the Lenses of Action Research Abdullah Laghari Inayatullah Kakepoto Faheem Arshad Action Research Teaching Strategies Learning Problems English Language Learners Traditional mode of teaching promoted rote learning among learners over the years. A University classroom is a place where learners acquire new knowledge, skills, abilities, capabilities, and techniques. This study unveils the English Language Learning problems of undergraduate students. The target population was 155 university students. Qualitative research methods were fielded. 'Observation, video-recording, focus group interview, and diary notes' were research instruments. Outcomes were drawn through the lenses of Action Research. Purposive sampling was the research design. 'Interpretive approach' was employed for data analysis. Results exhibited that students confronted English language problems, and they affected student learning.The study speaks volumes about the gap between teaching and learning. This gap needs to be addressed through Action Research to achieve effective learning outcomes. This study recommends the use of novel teaching strategies, lesson plans, pair work, group discussions, robust material, learner engagement, and constructive feedback in university education. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-english-language-learning-problems-of-students-through-the-lenses-of-action-research https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391171 2021-09-30 gssr

Cultural Perception Regarding Mental Illness: A Case Study of Domestic Carers in Jalalpur Pirwala, District Multan Shagufta Hamid Ali Altaf Ghanni Bhatti Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Culture Mental Illness JalalpurPirwala Spiritual Healer Carers Beliefs Cultural Perception Culture guides the individuals to live their lives according to the beliefs set by the people of that culture. In order to know about the cause of any illness, the combination of knowledge and culture is considered to be a powerful tool. The study aimed to see the cultural perceptions about mental illness in Jalalpur Pirwala. This study focused on the carers of mentally ill persons by observing their perceptions regarding the mentally ill person of their families. The subject of the research was 18-60 years old mentally ill persons. Data collection methods included observation, unstructured interviews with practitioners (spiritual healers/bhoopa), and in-depth interviews were conducted with caretakers of mentally ill persons, selected through snowball sampling. Findings showed that cultural beliefs regarding mental illness are related to supernatural or divine phenomena in which causes of mental illness are Allah's will or punishment, witching, black magic, evil eye, curse or women's fault. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultural-perception-regarding-mental-illness-a-case-study-of-domestic-carers-in-jalalpur-pirwala-district-multan- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Virtual Disparities and Educational Divide as Determinants of Online Health Literacy: A Cross-sectional Study of University Students in Lahore Adnan Adil Ayesha Siddiqa Bugvi Rahla Rahat Online Health Literacy Educational Divide Universities Virtual Disparities The study assumes that students belonging to diverse educational levels were dissimilar in the level of practicing and competence in online health literacy. The survey method used a questionnaire to measure the responses of students of 16 universities in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 1512 students was selected by using a 4-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Dunn test, and Mann-Whitney Utest (non-parametric). The findings show that educational level does have a significant association with practicing level in online health literacy (P.Value.0041). Moreover, education level also has a significant association with competence level in online health literacy (P. Value.045). The study recommends that online health literacy should be encouraged among the students, and the universities should be well-equipped with adequate hardware and human resources to facilitate the students. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/virtual-disparities-and-educational-divide-as-determinants-of-online-health-literacy-a-crosssectional-study-of-university-students-in-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Religion as a Deterritorialization and Re-territorialization Mechanism: Reconfiguring Pakistan's Nation Building and Islamization Process Imran Pasha Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Siddiqui Saira Akram Religion Pakistan Deterritorialization and Re-territorialization Nation-building Pakistan is a country founded on Islamic identity, and it was established to safeguard Muslims' religious, cultural, and historical identities.Individuals and families can find spiritual, social, psychological, and often material support through religion. Pakistan's interest in building a righteous,organized, systematic, peaceable, and prosperous nation has indeed been paramount since time immemorial. Pakistan, since its inception inherited ethnically, sociologically, territorially, financially, and linguistically diverse social structure and population. Religion served as the foundation for the configuration of this nation. Specific structures of societal, economic and social deprivation altered this governmental ideology. Even though the country remains dominantly Muslim, demographically, it is relatively fragmented and disintegrated. This paper investigates the components of diversification that ultimately stymied Pakistan's nation-building process and will examine the process of Islamization, particularly during the Zia era, which assisted Pakistan in establishing a unified society based on Islamic principles of progressive political equality, and economic justice. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of International Relations, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/religion-as-a-deterritorialization-and-reterritorialization-mechanism-reconfiguring-pakistans-nation-building-and-islamization-process https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Examining the Motivation Level of L2 Students in e-Learning during Pandemic (Covid-19) Maria Nisar Javeria Bano Rana Imran Ali Online English Learning L2 Motivation L2 Motivational Self-system Novel Covid-19 COVID-19 has disturbed the record of the activities in the world.But education is the only diligence that moved entirely in the online method in most of the countries. And virtual learning and teaching as well as the best option to continue the education throughout the covid-19 pandemic,particularly in tertiary learning. The purpose of this study is to know the motivation level of L2 learners during the pandemic. For that purpose, 1015 undergraduate students were selected randomly from the University of Education FSD campus. The quantitative method was used, and data was analyzed through SPSS software. A questionnaire was distributed among all the students and asked to fill it out. After analyzing the data, it has been seen that covid-19 did not affect the motivation level of the students. It is recommended that Govt. should take bold steps and provide funds to students and teachers as well to continue the education properly. Humanity Publications School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, China. M Phil Scholar, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Faculty of English, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/examining-the-motivation-level-of-l2-students-in-elearning-during-pandemic-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391175 2021-03-30 gssr

Exploring Problems Faced by University Students Regarding Semester System Bushra Akhtar Muhammad Aamir Hashmi Semester System Annual System Technology The semester system helps the students in learning more than the annual system. The semester system is very much effective in higher education. But at the same time, it creates many problems for students. The purpose of the study is that find out the problem in the semester system and its advantages disadvantages. During the semester system, students faced many problems. Hence the major purpose of the study is to find the difficulties during exams and presentations, assignments,shortage of time, etc. Its solutions and opinion of students. The population of the study was first semester students selected non-randomly and taken 20 students for interview. Two government universities were visited for this purpose. It was a qualitative study that ways followed the step of thematic analysis calculation is that the semester system is the opposite annual system. The semester system exam was held after six months, and students faced a problem because of shortage time anxiety for the exam. Semester system significant is that in which each academic year is divided into two periods. It develops presentation skills and confidence through the semester system. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-problems-faced-by-university-students-regarding-semester-system https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship between Teachers' Classroom Management Practices and Academic Motivation Rabia Muhammad Aamir Hashmi Academic Motivation Classroom Management Instructional Technique The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teachers' classroom management practices and academic motivation. An information questionnaire was used to observe the relationship between teachers' classroom management practices and academic motivation. The sample of the study consisted of 300 (public and private sector) elementary students. In order to analyze the relationship between the teacher's classroom management practices and academic motivation at elementary level school combined instrument was developed by the researcher for this study. Data was collected personally by the researcher. Percentage and frequencies were calculated. Major findings of the study contain that there is a high level of association between the teacher's classroom management practices and academic motivation at elementary level schools. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Superior University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-teachers-classroom-management-practices-and-academic https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391177 2019-03-30 gssr

Inland Water Transport in Pakistan: Limits and Prospects Muhammad Tehsin Sheikh Imran Nasir Inland Water Transport Indus Basin Waterways Boats Navigation Irrigation. The long-standing critical requirement of exploring alternate means to road and rail transport,for movement of essential commodities and commercial items, across Pakistan came to the forefront owing to various studies on the subject. This was reflected in the National Transport Policy, promulgated in 2018. Accordingly, the implementation of developing Inland Water Transportation Authority is in progress, as the government is expected to legislate on the matter. Inland waterways play a vital role in economic development,especially for remote rural areas. Focus on this sector would open new vistas of development along the banks of various waterways, and its extent can be enhanced in the regional context, up to the Kabul River in Afghanistan.This paper highlights the spadework done up till now and points at the impediments to making Pakistan’s in land water transport system workable while proving a cost-effective solution to ever-increasing cargo traffic. The paper analyses the potential of the Indus River, along with various tributaries and canals associated with irrigation of the vast plains of Pakistan. The projected insufficiency of water throughout the year in the system is discussed considering available data and records based on historical perspective. The establishment of Indus Water Transport Company by the Government of the Punjab, and achievements thus far have been underscored. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Writes on Maritime Security. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/inland-water-transport-in-pakistan-limits-and-prospects https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Theory of Deconstruction: A Study of Scholastic Scope Thereof Ghulam Sarwar Butt Muhammad Naveed Khalid Tariq Hussain Theory Deconstruction Derrida Education Aporias Postmodernism Impact/influence. This research article primarily dealt with the impact of theory of deconstruction in various disciplines; it endeavored to study the power of pervasion of this notable literary and philosophical theory into other areas of study including the field of education, too. Theory of deconstruction as propounded by Jacques Derrida, famous French abstruse thinker and philosopher of twentieth century, emphasizes the transient nature of the meaning of a text by finding various aporias -- a logical dis-junction in a text -- and impasses lying in the text whatever. Such aporias disturb the underlying system of logic of the text under consideration leading to its own negation.Being considered as the main building block of Postmodernism --a style and concept in the arts characterized by distrust of theories and ideologies and by the drawing of attention to conventions -- this aggrandized theory has pervaded a great many fields of knowledge changing their fundamental claims altogether . In this way, this theory has gained much attention in the realm of knowledge. This article, as a matter of fact, studies this very influence of theory of deconstruction in the realm of various disciplines. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies, Government Associate College, Pasrur, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/theory-of-deconstruction-a-study-of-scholastic-scope-thereof https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Learning goes Digital: Impact of WhatsApp Discussion Groups on Academic Performance of University Students in Lahore Sadaf Zahra Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar Syed Wasay Ali WhatsApp Discussion Groups Quick Learning Digital Media and Knowledge Sharing he use of mobile phones, in this era of technology, is considered to be an innovative (Quick learning resource) learning method in the field of education. The way technological advancement is playing its role to boost up the effectiveness of different education-based activities around the globe is also worth considering. This study, therefore, aims to explore the impact of different Discussion Groups over academic performance of the students. The fundamental objectives of the study are to examine the trends of using WhatsApp discussion groups among students, and to analyze the impact of its usage on their academic performance. Population of the study is comprised of the students enrolled in different universities of Lahore. These universities are further divided into two strata i.e. Private-sector universities and Public-sector universities (1-public and 1-private). Students from these universities are then selected using convenience sampling on second level. Similarly, survey method has been used to collect the data from sample of 200 students i.e. 100students from each university both male and female i.e. 50/50 male and female from each university. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Faculty of Media and Communication Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, University of South Asia, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/learning-goes-digital-impact-of-whatsapp-discussion-groups-on-academic-performance-of-university-students-in-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating the Effect of School Teachers' Behavior on Pupils' Achievement Muhammad Shahid Zulfiqar Ali Muhammad Khalid Zubair Ghazal Khalid Siddiqui Teachers’ Behaviour; Students’ Achievement; FGEI's (C/G) The current study was conducted for the examination of the effect of the teachers' behavior on students' academic achievement while opting for the Positivist paradigm. It was quantitative research. A total of 600 students(50 percent including males and females) were selected using Cluster sampling out of 1200 students. "Teachers' Behavior Assessment Scale" adopted from (Hadie,Hassan, Bahri, And Yusoff, 2018) has been used for the measurement of teachers' behavior. It comprised of the five-point Likert's rating scale which ranges from "Almost Never" to "Almost Always" comprising 60 items. These 60 items have been categorized under eight categories/ indicators. On the other hand,the students' GPA has been taken and used for measuring their academic achievement. The data underwent the Mean, SD, Pearson's r and Linear regression outcome which showed that the students' achievement has been positively and moderate affected by the teachers' achievement. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Government College of Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-effect-of-school-teachers-behavior-on-pupils-achievement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391183 2021-06-30 gssr

The Factors Responsible for Shaping the Parent's Attitude towards Bonded Child Labor Kaneez Fatima Izhar Ahmad Khan Naveed Farah Bonded Child Labor Attitude Child labor in general, and bonded child labor, is a major social challenge in developing economies like Pakistan,where people and government have meager resources. The present study is designed to combat the problem of bonded child labor in the carpet weaving occupation by investigating the economic, social, behavioral, and economic factors affecting the parent's attitude toward bonded child labor.A descriptive-analytical survey design was used. Data was collected from three districts of Punjab province. A total sample of 300 bonded child laborers' parents was selected through a convenience sampling procedure.An interview schedule was used. Data were analyzed by using percentages and frequency distribution for descriptive analysis. The multivariate analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. The parent's attitude towards bonded child labor has 55 Percent variation because of the predictor variables, including parents' age, income, attitude towards workplace,parents' occupation, type of family, children general mood, aggression,children picking power, accompanied with their siblings, behavior with elder and availability of treatment facilities. Children picking ability availability of health care facilities are non-significant predictors in shaping the parent's attitude towards child labor. It can be concluded the parents' socio-economic status and children's behavior are the main reasons for shaping parents' attitudes towards child labor. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-factors-responsible-for-shaping-the-parents-attitude-towards-bonded-child-labor https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Growth Environment Score and Economic Growth Nexus in Next Eleven Countries Anam Tariq Zahid Ahmed Economic Growth Next Eleven Countries Growth Environment Score Panel Regression Hausman Specification Test This paper investigates the relationship between growth environment score and economic growth of N11 (Next eleven) countries over the period of 20 years that is; 1999-2018. A panel data regression, fixed effect model, random effect model and Hausman test are applied in our study.According to the Hausman specification test, the fixed-effect model is a suitable model for the study. Econometrics findings suggested that macroeconomic stability (external debt), macroeconomic conditions(investment) and human capital (education) have a significant impact on the economic growth of N11 countries. Our empirical findings provide insights on strategies that the countrywide government should enforce to enhance financial boom and improvement throughout the N11 countries. Humanity Publications Scholar, UCP Business School, Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, UCP Business School, Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/growth-environment-score-and-economic-growth-nexus-in-next-eleven-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on E-Wom: Mediation of Brand Addiction and Moderation of Self-Liking Tanveer Aslam Riwan Ali Muhamad Ahsan Athar E-WOM Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Consciousness Openness Self-liking Brand Addiction and Big Five Personality Traits This research examines the impact of brand addiction and self-liking in the relationship between big fiver personality traits and Electronic word of mouth (E-WOM). This research study is based upon a survey method, data from 233 respondents were collected to examine the impact of independent on dependent variables through mediation and moderation. Mediation and moderation were tested through Process and Hayes. The results of the present study show that the big five personality traits are a significant association with E-WOM. Results also reveal that brand addiction mediates while self-liking does not moderate the association between big five personality traits and E-WOM. This study also includes managerial implications, limitations and direction for future research. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-big-five-personality-traits-on-ewom-mediation-of-brand-addiction-and-moderation-of-selfliking https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391187 2019-12-30 gssr

Nuclear Doctrine and Deterrence Stability in South Asia Muhammad Tehsin Nuclear Doctrine Deterrence Stability South Asia. South Asia possesses strategic importance as home to two nuclear-weapon states (NWS) and is also of interest to global powers. The U.S. and the former USSR were interested in expanding their influence in South Asia. After the Cold War, the war against terrorism again drew the attention of the U.S. to conduct military operations in Afghanistan. Pakistan and India received worldwide attention when both developed nuclear capabilities in May 1998 after adopting the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Consequently, the Kashmir dispute emerged as a nuclear flashpoint. In this paper, an investigation is carried out involving the role of nuclear doctrine required to establish deterrence stability in post-nuclearization South Asia. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/nuclear-doctrine-and-deterrence-stability-in-south-asia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).64 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Cybersecurity: A New Framework for the Information Economy Muhammad Tehsin Cybersecurity Information Technology Service Sector Consumer State The government's role as a digital platform brings with it challenges including the possibility that the freedom of expression and the right to privacy conflict with each other in the digital space. The citizen's privacy becomes exposed to new vulnerabilities. A citizen's voice, vote and changes in status, can be stolen or sabotaged with catastrophic individual and national consequences. Individual digital identity also must fall under digital property laws. One citizen's exercise of free speech can be trespassing of digital space for another citizen. The jurisdiction of the state in digital space must be redefined. The writ of the state in digital space must be more pervasive, and yet more narrowly defined,to protect the rights of all citizens. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cybersecurity-a-new-framework-for-the-information-economy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Theatricality in Samuel Fyzee-Rahamin's Play Daughter of Ind Nargis Saleem Muhammad Saleem Umar -ud -Din Daughter of Ind Samuel Fyzee-Rahamin Theatricality This study aims at investigating the theatrical aspects of SamuelFyzee-Rahamin's play text Daughter of Ind. The playwright's theatricality comprises of a variety of distancing devices that are artistically positioned to realize the intended sociopolitical goals. To pop up the spectacle dimension of the said text, various situations, episodes, and personages are shrewdly juxtaposed against each other. This phenomenon inevitably necessitates the sense of urgency, immediacy, and the unfolding of the dialogic filters. A paradigm of analogies is introduced intentionally to complement and reinforce the dialectical configurations. Histrionic expressions and actions push the characters and the discourses towards the stagy world of acting. Theatrical imagery, the intervention of supernatural elements, the polyphony of competitive ideologies, and the narrational voice are the other features of theatricality that smartly challenge the coercive structures like patriarchy,colonialism, and the marginalization of the weak sections of the Indian society.Naivety is a common technique used by political dramatists to successfully enlist the attention of the audience. A theoretical framework for this study consists of postmodern theories on theater, especially Wladimir Krysinski's essay Changed Textual Signs in Modern Theatricality. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Riphah International University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Professor of English, Government Graduate College Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor of English, Government Graduate College Civil Lines, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-theatricality-in-samuel-fyzeerahamins-play-daughter-of-ind https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Triangulation of Belief in Just World (BJW), Contentment with Life (CWL) and Employee Retention (ER) Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman Shuja ud Din Arif Masih Khokhar Belief in a Just World Commitment to Life Employee Retention Business Organizations Store Managers The focus on the belief system of employees and workers in organizations, as it is a hidden and under the radar system that actually creates a huge impact on the performance of an employee as well as on organizational performance. It is postulated that those who believe that the world is unjust,may try to be unjust with the world i.e., the people around them, and vice versa. We developed a theoretical framework and then collected data based on the hypothesized relationship. SPSS 21 was employed to run various tests to carry out the analysis. The target population was store/shop managers and a sample of 222 was selected as respondents. After analysis, results show great insights, as based on those perceptions having belief in a just world may have better contentment with life and they may be retained in the organization.Thus, employee retention may lead further to better organizational performance and culture. It was found that both the hypotheses were accepted and this study can have great theoretical and practical implications for the researchers and for the practitioners in organizations as well Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/triangulation-of-belief-in-just-world-bjw-contentment-with-life-cwl-and-employee-retention-er https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391192 2020-06-30 gssr

From Elitist Authoritarianism to Bonapartist Populism: The Bhutto Factor in Pakistan Abid Hussain Abbasi Azhar Mahmood Abbasi Muhammad Anwar Civil-military-bureaucratic Oligarchy Elitist Rule Martial Law Bonapartism Feudalism Populism Authoritative Rule Fascism Egalitarian Right from its inception in 1947, Pakistan has been ruled by an elitist pattern inherited by British Colonial rule. After eleven years of authoritarian dictatorship under General Ayub Khan, the people of Pakistan launched a movement that was a class-conscious movement in its nature. The movement gave rise to Bhutto, and after the sad demise of the Eastern wing of the country, he took over the power. Though he implemented the unmatched egalitarian reforms in various sectors but espoused "Bonapartist" actions not only against his political opponents but his own party stalwarts, journalists and trade unionists, which shadowed his revolutionary reformist agenda. Such "fascist" populism paved the way for another military dictatorship which tore up the very fabric of democratic norms and civilian supremacy. The study examines the transition from elitist authoritarianism to Bonapartist populism. The regime shift was followed by the installation of various elitist groups led to the re-emergence of the same elitist authoritarian rule cultured by Gen. Ayub and his ancestors. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-elitist-authoritarianism-to-bonapartist-populism-the-bhutto-factor-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Diachronic Change in English Orthography with Proliferation of Computer- Mediated Communication (CMC) Jahanzeb Jahan Humaira Irfan Kiran Jahanzeb English Orthography CMC Impact Standard English Variations Every living thing faces a change. English, being a living language,has also gone through a course of variation since its initiation. These variations have been detected in English at every level. Most importantly,English orthography has changed a lot. The current study explores the impact of CMC on English orthography. Centered on some parameters and classification of data, this research principally investigates the Facebook status over the last three years. The study reveals that the existing English orthography is abridged and compact as compared to Standard English.Vowels underwent deletion in written script whereas pronouns are not present in many cases. Simplification in English spellings exhibits exceptional novelties i.e., numeric insertions in text, creativity in written structure,omission of letters, and phonological, phonemic and morphological changes in orthography. This research argues that there has always been a diachronic change in English spellings and CMC has accelerated it. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor of English, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/diachronic-change-in-english-orthography-with-proliferation-of-computer-mediated-communication-cmc https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Perception of Physical Education Teachers towards Physical Education at Public Secondary Schools Punjab, Pakistan Saira Akhtar Muhammad Imran Yousuf Qaisara Parveen Physical Education Teacher's Perception Secondary School Pakistan The study aimed to examine the physical education teacher's perception of physical education classes at public secondary schools in Punjab,Pakistan. The targeted population of this study was the physical education teachers working in secondary schools. The study sample was taken from four districts of Punjab (Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, and Rajanpur). Eighty physical education teachers participated in this study. Data was collected using an adapted questionnaire. The descriptive and inferential statistic techniques were applied to analyze the data. The gender perception differences of teachers were tested through an independent t-test. Age and qualification differences were measured through a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The relationship between age, qualification and perception was examined through correlation analysis. The findings revealed a significant difference in teachers' perceptions of gender, age and qualification groups. Age, qualification and perception have a positive and meaningful relationship. The results showed that male teachers have a higher perception of physical education than females. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-perception-of-physical-education-teachers-towards-physical-education-at-public-secondary-schools-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Psychological Effects of Online Classes on Students: A Study of Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic Faiza Anjum Madieha Akram Raja Shaharyar COVID-19 Online Classes Perception Problems Depression The learning process in the university and the environment on campus have a crucial role in the development of students' psychological and physical well-being. The present study aims to highlight the problems of online classes faced by university students during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines the factors of online classes that caused depression among Pakistani students. The data was collected through an online survey and students were asked to fill survey comprised of perception sand problems of online classes and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. A total of 820 students were approached. Among them, 734 (89.51 Percent) had completed the survey. The results showed that most of the students had moderately (31.34 Percent) or moderately severe (24.39 Percent) depressive symptoms because considerable problems occurred in their educational learning process due to online classes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that emotional support is necessary for the well-being of students as a study examining the COVID-19outbreak has an extraordinary burden on university students. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of Sociology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, The Women University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Social Welfare Officer, CDP, Tehsil Kot Chutta, District D. G. Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-psychological-effects-of-online-classes-on-students-a-study-of-pakistan-in-covid19-pandemic https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391199 2021-06-30 gssr

Exercising Metaphoric Impact on Advertisements: An Ecolinguistic Appraisal Muhammad Farooq Alam Zafar Ullah Muhammad Awais Madni Ecolinguistics Advertisements Metaphors Imagery Symbols Metaphors may produce desired sensations because of figurative metaphoric connections, and they can speed up the processing of complicated or abstract material. As a result, a growing body of advertising research has focused on this topic in recent decades.This study provides a review of metaphoric research in the marketing literature, explains why metaphoric advertising is important for achieving key advertising objectives and points out critical research gaps in the existing literature. Marketers often use metaphors in their persuasive discussions with customers, and they suggest that a product, brand, service, or company propagate a distinct concept. Marketers accomplish a variety of goals,including gaining customers' attention, engraving imagery, highlighting comparisons, suggesting a bond between an idea and product, explaining a complicated or technical product, and affecting the opinions and thoughts of consumers. Advertisers would benefit from understanding how people process metaphors, if consumers understand metaphors employed in marketing. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of English, Virtual University, Islamabad, Pakistan Research Assistant 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exercising-metaphoric-impact-on-advertisements-an-ecolinguistic-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391200 2018-12-30 gssr

Language, Culture, and Translation: Theoretical Assumptions of Nicolson in Translating Kashf Al-Mahjub Kanwal Zahra Ahmad Nadeem Autonomy Equivalence Function Translatability Cultural Gap Orientalist Translation This paper reviews the English translation by Nicholson of a Persian Sufi text Kashf Al-Mahjub by Hujveri, to explore the possibilities of translation from one culture to another culture and the strategies of translating specific terminology of Sufi text for Anglophone audience. The paper explains the ways adopted by translators to bridge the linguistic and cultural gap. The techniques and strategies adopted by the translator reflect the theoretical assumptions of the translator regarding the nature, process and purpose of the translation. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Ambala Muslim College Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/language-culture-and-translation-theoretical-assumptions-of-nicolson-in-translating-kashf-almahjub https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-IV).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Do the Investment Distortions Affect the Performance of Non-financial Firms of Pakistan? Sameen Aftab Faisal Rizwan Abdul Rashid Agency Theory Information Asymmetry Investment Distortions Performance The investment decisions are very important for investors as it directly affects the firm's future profitability and shareholder's wealth. Firm managers are involved in making inefficient investment decisions in imperfect capital markets. This study aims to examine how the inefficient investment decisions influence the firm performance after controlling for the financial factors. The two steps System Generalized method of moments is used to examine the impact of investment distortion on firm performance. The empirical analysis is based on unbalanced annual panel data set of a sample of 324 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period 2015 to 2017. The results show that investment distortion is negatively affecting the performance of non-financial firms in Pakistan; irrespective of the proxy used to measure the firm performance. These results support the information asymmetry theory and agency theory, which explains why managers are involved in making sub-optimal investment decisions at the cost of shareholders' wealth and why their inefficient investment decisions can damage the value of the firm. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, International Institute of Islamic Economics (IIIE), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/do-the-investment-distortions-affect-the-performance-of-nonfinancial-firms-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Importance of Social Media ads in Enhancing Brand Equity: A Study on Fast- Food Restaurants in Lahore Muhammad Shabi ul Hasnain Tanveer Hussain Faiza Aslam Social Media Brand Equity Fast-Food Lahore Pakistan Facebook Social media platforms are used in many businesses for the marketing of their products and operations. The Lahore based restaurants are under observation of this research, and the impact of social media is highlighted in the meantime. The major objective of this study is to examine the impacts of social media in doing food business and how it influences their activities. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods along with individual interviews was conducted. The results of the study showed that in the case of the restaurants business, social media has a positive impact and an increment in sales and flow of consumers. Facebook and Instagram are the major social media platforms used by restaurants. Word of mouth also plays a huge role.Nonetheless, social media provides cheap and accessible marketing to reach numerous people instantly. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Research Associate, Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-importance-of-social-media-ads-in-enhancing-brand-equity-a-study-on-fast-food-restaurants-in-lahore https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391209 2018-09-30 gssr

Feminist Discourses and Multiple Identities: A Postcolonial Representation of Woman in Hyder's River of Fire Kanwal Zahra Ahmad Nadeem Aisha Jadoon Feminist Discourse Multiple Identities Postcolonial Feminism Third World Feminism Western Feminism This research paper foregrounds the postcolonial representation of women in Hyder's River of Fire. The novel covers a large span of history. In the entire novel, the female writer presents a lot of women in the backdrop of socio-political and historical backdrop. The western totalizing and Universalist discourses of feminism do not explain well the scope of representation of women in this novel. Even third-world feminism does not suffice here. The research shows that the novelist consciously writes back the colonial and postcolonial feminist representation of women. The analysis highlights that the question of marginalization and subjugation must be seen with multiple factors such as history, society, culture and class. The novel presents multiple identities of women in the historical flux of more than two thousand years. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Government Ambala Muslim College Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/feminist-discourses-and-multiple-identities-a-postcolonial-representation-of-woman-in-hyders-river-of-fire https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391215 2018-09-30 gssr

Divine Illumination Vs Infinite Reality in Mian Muhammad Buksh's Saif-ul-Malook Asma Ghulam Rasool Nafees Pervez Sidra Khalil Divine Illumination Infinite Reality Mian Muhammad Buksh Saif-ul- Maloo. This research unfolds the spiritual essence of literature and the worth of Punjabi Sufi literature within the periodical era of world literature. It explains the pivotal points of divergence and similarity between the opposing heroic concepts of eastern philosophy.The study highlights the philosophy of eastern literature through the portrayal of heroes. The researcher also pivots differences with theological, spiritual and institutional aspects of epics in general. By this discrepancy portrayal of heroes, the research exposes their concept of being or not along with the recipient of Divine illumination. The description of the hero of the selected work i.e. the Prince Saif-ul-Malook, from Saif-ul-Malook, explains the settings and situations of a given time and place. The hero accomplishes his definitive goal toward the infinite reality.He is a man who possesses superman renderings but becomes unable to prove himself as a recipient of Divine illumination. The main and ultimate aim of this research is to prove the extent of assimilation of Divine illumination and auxiliary to meet the infinite reality. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Punjabi, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/divine-illumination-vs-infinite-reality-in-mian-muhammad-bukshs-saifulmalook https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391216 2020-06-30 gssr

Religious Universalism in Bulleh Shah's Selected Poetry Asma Ghulam Rasool Maham Akram Kaneez Fatima Bulleh Shah Culture Mughal Regime Punjabi Sub-continent The Indian subcontinent had been ruled by the Mughal Empire for almost three hundred years. The regime was marked for its ethnic, cultural, and religious multiplicity. The Mughals utilized the narratives of belonging as a part of their state-building objectives for which diverse cultural, social, and to a great level, religious identities merged. This article concentrates on the significance of poetry in history as a social and political instrument via the selected poems of Bulleh Shah, a poet of the Punjabi language (1680-1757). It aims to exhibit the linkage between the religious, political, and cultural aspects of the Mughal Regime in the sub-continent to pinpoint a liaison between the political and social dynamics of power while establishing statehood. In this regard,the poetic heirloom of Bulleh Shah is persistent in understanding not only the cultural prominence of the Mughal Regime but also the cultural bridge between the religious and political hierarchy of the region. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Punjabi Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/religious-universalism-in-bulleh-shahs-selected-poetry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391218 2022-03-30 gssr

Financial Literacy and Adoption of Fintech: The Role of Financial Risk Tolerance Safyan Majid Muhammad Gulzaib Chaudhary Usman Ali Financial Literacy Fintech ATM Lahore Pakistan Fintech is one of the novelty in the area of finance, it's a collaboration of finance and technology. Now a day's technology has become a significant part of the financial industry. Major products and services of Fintech include ATM, peer to peer lending, crowdfunding, and cryptocurrency. Understanding of financial terminology and acceptance of related risk of Fintech products and services are important. In that concern financial literacy and risk tolerance are significant element. This study has been conducted to evaluate how financial literacy and risk tolerance directly or indirectly can impact an entrepreneur for adoption of Fintech. After applying research method and data analysis from entrepreneur of Lahore, Pakistan, it has been concluded that financial. Humanity Publications Department of Commerce and Finance, GC University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Economics, GC University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Department of Economics, GC University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/financial-literacy-and-adoption-of-fintech-the-role-of-financial-risk-tolerance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Psychological Safety on Creative Performance: Mediating Role of Job Involvement Shazia Akhtar Muhammad Faisal Malik Muhammad Zeshan Naeem Psychological Safety Job Involvement Creative Performance The study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of psychological safety on creative performance, not in isolation, but by taking job involvement as a mediator. A plethora of research is available that is considered psychological safety and creativity. However, psychological safety has the potential to evoke and motivate employees to involve themselves in work-related activities. Positivism research philosophy was adopted, followed by a deductive approach. 132 sample size was finalized from the employees working in public sector related organizations. The results suggested that psychological safety significantly contributes to the creative performance of employees and job involvement is partially mediating the said relationship. Humanity Publications Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-psychological-safety-on-creative-performance-mediating-role-of-job-involvement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391221 2019-12-30 gssr

Effectiveness of Kumon Method of Teaching Mathematics at Elementary School Level in Pakistan: A Longitudinal Study Jamila Begum Wajeeha Aurangzeb Aisha Bibi Kumon Method Teaching Learning Grade-6 Achievements Effectiveness The experimental study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Kumon method in comparison with traditional lecture method in the teaching of Mathematics to grade-6. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Kumon method for academic achievement of children in Mathematics. All students of grade-6 of Fazaia Inter colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was the population.Cluster sampling technique randomly was used. One of the three Fazaia colleges (Grade-6) was selected randomly. All grade-6 students of theselected cluster formed the sample of the study. Data was collected and analyzed by applying t-test and recommendations were given on the basis of findings of the study. This study shows that Kumon method is more effective for teaching mathematics to Grade 6 students in comparison with traditional lecture method and equally helpful in teaching mathematics effectively to boys and girls. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, NUM, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, NUM, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, NUM, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effectiveness-of-kumon-method-of-teaching-mathematics-at-elementary-school-level-in-pakistan-a-longitudinal-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).65 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Politics of Islamization and Women Rights in Pakistan Saiqa Jabeen Shouket Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Islamization Women Empowerment Pakistan Politics. Women empowerment and Islamization have critical relationship with each other in the political history of Pakistan. The domination of a single dogmatic thought process has affected the alternatives and has reduced the political space of almost half of the societal segment in the political sphere. The initiatives of women empowerment have been taken in Pakistan, but that empowerment could not trickle down to the masses. The slogans of empowerment further concentrate the power of the dominant elite in a same class. The process of Islamization started in Pakistan before its inception in 1947. Islamization got significant momentum during the Zia-ul-Haq regime in Pakistan in the 1980s. This paper is an attempt to explore the engagements of women with Islamization and how the process of Islamization influenced women's empowerment. The existing writings on Islamization largely focused on Islamic laws and their political manifestation in the polity of Pakistan. This study primarily focused on gendered dimensions and their linkages with Islamization. A qualitative approach has been used for exploring the core question, and it has been found that ideological state apparatuses are dominating both Islamization and women's political rights. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Islamic and Religious Studies, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan/Post-Doctoral Fellow, School of Politics and International Relations, The University of Nottingham United Kingdom. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/politics-of-islamization-and-women-rights-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).66 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391808 2020-06-30 gssr

The Discursive Resistance to the British Imperialism: Writing Back the Colonial Discourse of Violence in Hyder's River of Fire Kanwal Zahra Ahmad Nadeem Colonial Discourse Counter Discourse Discursive Representation Hegemony Postcolonialism Violence Writing Back This paper analyses the discursive representation of the Indian natives' resistance to British imperialism in Hyder's River of Fire. The violent resistance to British Empire by Indian natives has been termed as 'mutiny' by imperial discourses whereas postcolonial discourses term it the heroic 'war of independence'. In the backdrop of postcolonial theory and the concept of counter discourse, the discursivere presentation of violent resistance to British Imperialism is highlighted. Hyder has portrayed the events of 1857as a heroic response of vibrant culture to the cunning rulers of the British Empire. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Ambala Muslim College Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-discursive-resistance-to-the-british-imperialism-writing-back-the-colonial-discourse-of-violence-in-hyders-river-of-fire https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391810 2022-03-30 gssr

Coverage of Populism Related Content in Pakistani Media: An Analysis of the Coverage of Dawn and The News Fazal Ullah Amir Hamza Marwan Mussarat Anwar Populism Media Politics Political Parties Elections Populists are dominating the world's political situation. The election campaign of Donald Trump in the United States, the emergence of right-wing populist parties in Eastern Europe, and the popularity of Narendra Modi of India prove that we live in a populist world. Populism has also returned to Pakistan as cricketer-turning politician Imran Khan's popularity was attributed to a massive publicity campaign. This article aims to evaluate the populist coverage of Pakistan's political parties in media. This research study aims to answer the question of which political party shares more populist views, in what form they share it, and who the targets of these populist views are. Therese archer has utilized the "Quantitative Content Analysis" as a research method to answer the outstanding research questions. The news coverage of the two leading English-language newspapers of Pakistan, namely Dawn and The News International, has been studied. A total of 278 news stories we reexamined during the month of the 2018 elections. The findings support that Pakistan Tahreek-e-Insaf was the most populist party and the Shariffamily/PMLN was the prime target of anti-elitist views shared by PTI.Findings also support that The News International gave more coverage to populist narratives than Dawn. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/coverage-of-populism-related-content-in-pakistani-media-an-analysis-of-the-coverage-of-dawn-and-the-news https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392276 2022-03-30 gssr

Intellectual Property Rights, Non-Market Considerations and Foreign R and D Investments Naheeda Ali Kanwal Iqbal Khan Intellectual Property Rights Innovation Piracy R This study focuses on how businesses can depend upon non-market elements, gain privileged handling from hosting governmental bodies, and safeguard the intellectual property in other states. This study interrogates different non-market elements; one is at the national level, while the other is at the corporate level, i.e., to influence where businesses focus their innovative efforts. It uses the qualitative method to analyse statutes, local and international laws, protocols, conventions, etc. The findings highlight the importance of intellectual property, which is the creation of the mind, innovation or innovative activities. Internationally these are fully protected by law under Intellectual property rights. Previous studies also consider other relevant factors like the political or governmental role in protecting overseas R and D investments by Intellectual property rights (IPR) regulations. Further, it concluded that the laws related to IPR and non-market factors safeguard company invention from piracy and make states more appealing for innovation-based activity. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/intellectual-property-rights-nonmarket-considerations-and-foreign-r-and-d-investments https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392278 2019-09-30 gssr

Discursive Exploration of Historicity of Ancient Punjab in Heer by Waris Shah Asma Ghulam Rasool Kaneez Fatima Nafees Pervez Ancient Punjab Heer Historicity Qissa Waris Shah This study argues that the critical analysis of the discourse of a given time and place determines the identity, the social life as well as the social roles of people in that social order. With the help of the theorization of Fairclough and Wodak (1997), it explains how Waris Shah in his renowned discourse 'Heer' uncovers the historicity or social and cultural embedments during the 18thcentury Punjab. For Fairclough and Wodak the supremacy/ inferiority of social elements is being exercised via discourse. Waris Shah skillfully portrays in his epic poetry Heer how supremacy/ inferiority is interlocked with every incident of the individual(s) and society. His discourse exhibits that whosoever holds authority misuses it to subjugate others. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Punjabi, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. (English) Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/discursive-exploration-of-historicity-of-ancient-punjab-in-heer-by-waris-shah https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392511 2022-03-30 gssr

Identifying English Language Problems of Novice Engineering Students Inayatullah Kakepoto Muhammad Saeed Akhter Quratulain Talpur English Language Problems Novice Engineering Students English has a paramount role in this digital world of internet and mobile technology. Digital technology has facilitated language learning. This study focused on identifying English language problems of novice engineering students in this modern age of scientific advancement.Convenience sampling method was used since the principal researcher taught the subject of Functional English to participants. Eighty engineering students were surveyed. Research instruments were document analysis and classroom observation. Data were analyzed through an interpretative approach to drawing study outcomes. Results exhibited engineering students faced English language problems in the English language classroom context. Multiple English language problems surfaced, such as poor vocabulary, spelling errors,grammatical errors, writing problems, comprehension problems, and accepting teacher dictation. Additionally, psychological problems were shyness, low self-confidence, nervousness, fear of peer criticism and stage fright. Humanity Publications Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of English, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus Khairpur Mir's, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/identifying-english-language-problems-of-novice-engineering-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Economic and Social Benefits Exploration through Tourism Industry: An e-Marketing Perspective Mudassar Mushtaq Babak Mehmood Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal Economic Social Tourism Industry e- Marketing Digitalization The study aims to investigate the economic effects of digitalization on the success of tourism and the factors hindering the implementation of digitalization in the tourism industry. The study used the primary data gathered through interviews with the experts and the stakeholders of the tourism industry.The study is qualitative in nature and has attempted to discuss all the possible aspects related to the digitalization of tourism and the possible challenges faced by businesses while adopting digitalization in the tourism industry.The study found that there are several types of factors affecting the digitalization in the tourism industry, which include factors related to the environment, technological, economic, political and legal, cultural and social too.Then there are some specific environmental factors which include competitor identification and competitor analysis,relationship with customers and suppliers and partners and associates.Other than external factors, internal factors were also found. Some of them are convenience of use and technical availability, cooperation between firms, and firm level support to stakeholders. The study concludes that if these factors are addressed successfully, then the local economy can grow at a faster rate through tourism. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Business Administration, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Sociology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Department of Management Sciences, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/economic-and-social-benefits-exploration-through-tourism-industry-an-emarketing-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Conversational Dominance in Mix Gendered Pakistani Political TV Talk Shows Madiha Shams Shamim Ara Shams Ubaidullah Khan Turn Taking Conversational Dominance Power Interruption Overlapping Cooperation in conversation is managed by all participants through turn-taking. In most cultures, generally speaking,only one person speaks at a time. It is generally believed that women are subjected to interruptions and overlapping more in cross-sex conversations.This research has been carried out by using mixed method approach where both conversational analysis and content analysis have been used to prove that the female gender overlaps more in Pakistani political talk shows and it has also been exposed how the cultural advantage of "being a woman" is exploited by the female speakers. For this, two episodes of a famous political talk show, "On the Front," have been studied. This study proves how the female speakers have successfully used power and cultural advantage of being a woman through excessive use of interruptions, which resulted in their dominance in the conversation, preventing male members from taking their turn. Humanity Publications M.Phil, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics & Literature, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of English, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/conversational-dominance-in-mix-gendered-pakistani-political-tv-talk-shows https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ahmed's Journey into Islam: A Critique of Essentialization of Islam Muhammad Ijaz Ghulam Murtaza Bahadur Ali Islam Jihad Stereotypes Media Terrorism Expansionism Islam in western literary and non-literary discourse has been represented stereo typically as a static, extremist, jihadist, fundamentalist religion of terrorism, a threat to western ideology. Akbar S. Ahmed's Journey into Islam critiques the distorted images of Muslims, Islam and its practices.This article attempts to highlight the stereotypical representation of Islam and Muslims in media and academic representations. The theoretical framework for this research paper is based upon the methodological assumptions derived from Edward Said's Covering Islam (1997). It explores the true picture of Islam as a religion of peace, compassion and harmony and challenges the association of terrorism with Islam. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Department of Humanities and Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad. Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer in English, Department of Humanities and Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ahmeds-journey-into-islam-a-critique-of-essentialization-of-islam https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Personal Branding: A Study on the Effects of Sociability and Charisma on Perceived Competence and Authenticity Muhammad Rehan Zafar Raja Muhammad Yasin Sultan Adeel Shahzad Personal Branding Moderately Personality Competence Development Authenticity Sociability Competition and complexity have increased many folds in professional arenas. The world is now becoming more integrated. However,the trend of personal success is gaining more importance in our lives. The process of Personal Branding is similar to Celebrity Branding. Professionals use it as a tool for creating an intended professional image and enhancing career success. There have been books and research on Personal Development,self-improvement, and personal management since 1960. However, Personal Branding is differentiated from regular branding practices as it focuses on personal strengths and talents. It helps the professionals to differentiate themselves from their competitors and achieve intended professional goals.Personal Branding is not synonymous with becoming famous or acquiring celebrity status. Instead, it focuses on building a reputation as a professional and creating a positive image for the relevant target audience. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/personal-branding-a-study-on-the-effects-of-sociability-and-charisma-on-perceived-competence-and-authenticity https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Success Factors of E-Government and Interaction with Electronic Portal in Pakistan: A Case Study Approach Saira Ahmed Karm Shahryar Khalid Shaherbano Khalid E-government Policy Planning Online Interaction IT Vendors The current study is conducted to evaluate the e-government portal E-Khidmat Markaz launched by the government of Punjab. This study addresses two contemporary issues related to e-government: the successful implementation and the factors behind the success. For this purpose, a theoretical framework for assessing critical success factors behind e-government and online interaction in Pakistan is developed. The responses of25 officials from public sector firms were interviewed to determine the relationships between technological, organizational, and external factors and the successful implementation of e-government. The nature of the study is qualitative, and the research methodology is applied using Nvivo software.This study will contribute to the research work done in the IT sector and the managerial implications of adopting e-government-based service delivery.The Pakistani government can realize its advancement through proper planning, policy making, process designing, and improving it. Government-based services can be delivered more effectively and efficiently. A citizen will be more satisfied with a government organization's performance if the factors identified in the study given consideration will implement in an e-government project in Pakistan. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Hailey College of Commerce, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Medical Officer, Masood Medical Centre, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Johns Hopkins Covid Command Centre, Baltimore, USA 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/success-factors-of-egovernment-and-interaction-with-electronic-portal-in-pakistan-a-case-study-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Mental Health, Hope and Work Engagement: An Empirical Study in the Health Sector Fouzia Ashfaq Ghulam Abid Mental Health Hope Work Engagement Mediation Drawing on COR (conservation of resources) theory, the current study investigates the impact of personal resources on mental health and hope on work engagement. The study assesses the mediation of hope on mental health and works on engagement relationship. Data was gathered in two waves with a gap of one month between T1 and T2 from 200 front line healthcare workers employed in Pakistan's public and private sector hospitals.The findings reveal that hope establishes an essential role in explicating mental health and work engagement relationship, particularly during the challenging times of the COVID-19. Implications of the findings have also been discussed. Humanity Publications School of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration % Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Business Studies, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/mental-health-hope-and-work-engagement-an-empirical-study-in-the-health-sector https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Changing Trends in Indigenous Language Use in Pakistani Rural Community Samina Tabassum Samina Amin Qadir Language Attitude Language Maintenance/Shift Mother Tongue Pothohari The study investigates the speech practices of rural Pothohari speakers in the home domain in the light of demographic variables: income, age, education and occupation. It discovers various social, economic, political and affective factors and their complex relationship with respect to language preferences and changes in patterns of use. The data for the study comes from recorded dinner time conversations of the native Pothohari speakers and their interviews. The study highlights interesting facts about family language use, language choices and the sociolinguistic situation of the Pthothari speech community. The findings suggest that Pothohari is undergoing the complex process of language shift and desertion. It is expected that the study will be a move toward raising awareness about endangering the subsistence of the indigenous language and will broaden the understanding regarding language maintenance and the shifting process. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor Emeritus, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/changing-trends-in-indigenous-language-use-in-pakistani-rural-community https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Islamophobia in West: An Analytical Study Shahnawaz Muhammad Khan Muhammad Arif Khan Bakhtiar Khan Islamophobia Anti-Islam Western Media Hate Speech Islamophobia is the term used to refer to the discrimination against the one who practices Islam, called Muslims. It is the combination of many things that includes dislike, terror, and prejudice towards the things that are part of the Muslim religion, including Holy places where they worship, the Hijab, The Holy Book Quran, etc. Aggressive and hateful behavior is shown towards Muslims by burning their holy places, banning the Hijab, and badmouthing about the Prophet or something very dear to Muslims. The name Islam has linked up with the worst perception of unsafe, violence,terrorism, and tough religion with many boundaries by the stereotypes, and they are considered as some kind of inhuman from another earth. The research is qualitative, based on document analysis and the review of previously published material related to the relevant theme. It finds that there are several challenges faced by Muslims in the Western world and now the concept is on the rise with the negative use of media around the world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/islamophobia-in-west-an-analytical-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Influencing the Choice of Teaching as a Career and Research Productivity of University Teachers: A Qualitative Perspective Gulnaz Akbar Munaza Nausheen Research Productivity Teaching as a Caree The Authors used current influential models from the literature to explore the factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career and the research productivity of university teachers. The study was qualitative in nature. An interview protocol having ten open-ended questions about the influencing factors of teaching as a career choice and research productivity was used to collect data from a sample of 30 university teachers. The face-to-face and online interviews tried to explore and identify factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career and research productivity of university teachers.The study made several theoretical as well as practical contributions. A nunderstanding of the factors for the choice of teaching profession and research productivity has implications for planning and the development of teacher recruitment and promotion policies. The researchers extended the value component of the value-expectancy motivational framework and provided a theoretical and analytical framework to help guide future investigations in this area. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/factors-influencing-the-choice-of-teaching-as-a-career-and-research-productivity-of-university-teachers-a-qualitative-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Uncovering the Environmental and Aesthetical Roots of Nature in Taufiq Rafat's Poetry: An Ecopoetic Critique Saba Rasheed Asim Aqeel Tuanian Topophilia Revised Sublime Identity Crisis Sublime and Beautiful. The relationship between poetry and nature enjoys timelessness. But the poetry relating to beauty, spirituality, and preservation of nature secure a special place as ecopoetry among other poetic genres. Taufiq Rafat's poetry is no exception when it comes to describing the natural landscapes, flora and fauna,seasonal variations, and human civilization to showcase the relation of man with nature. This study attempts to scrutinize the ecopoems from Rafat's poetry collections Arrival of the Monsoon: Collected Poems 1947-78 (1985) and HalfMoon: Poems 1979-1983 (2008) from two different perspectives of ecopoetry, i.e., environmental poetry to discuss rights of nature and ecophenomenological poetry to discuss nature for nature's sake propounded by J. Scott Bryson and Jonathan Bate, respectively. The study addresses political issues of identity construction through Tuanian topophilia - a sense of belonging with the place through comparative images from the natural world -, environmental abuse or revised sublime such as urbanization, poor management of the residential areas,industrial agriculture, uncertain climate change, deforestation, scarcity of water,extinction of wildlife, and loss of natural habitat, etc. - a postcolonial inheritance- leading to an identity crisis, and reconstruction of lost identity through nature-friendly living under the former sub genre and imaginative impulse revived through the effects of sublime and beautiful on the tired soul of Rafat to create the feelings of respectful awe and love under the latter one. Humanity Publications Teaching Assistant, Department of English, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Linguistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/uncovering-the-environmental-and-aesthetical-roots-of-nature-in-taufiq-rafats-poetry-an-ecopoetic-critique https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impacts of El Nino and La Nina on the Global Weather Condition and Possible Remedial Measures Khalil Ahmad Asifa Zafar Ayaz El Nino Equator La Nina Oscillations Trade Wind Doldrums Easterlies This research aims to investigate the socio-economic and political"impacts of El Nino and La Nina on" global weather conditions. The analogies El Nino - La Nina means "Little baby boy and Little baby girl" are the two different hot and cold climate patterns that developed in the Pacific Ocean due to the warm "Trade Wind", adversely affecting the global weather conditions.The trade winds are permanently flowing from the high-pressure area to low pressure belt between the latitudes of 30° and 40° N and S, bringing more rainfall and causing floods. This phenomenon of "El Nino and La Nina" has the worst impacts on global climate and weather conditions. This mixed high variations in the temperature, and up welling resulting the swear hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean, frequent tornado's in the Atlantic Ocean, destructive tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the Indo-Pacific and the hot surface of the oceanswater are the major indicators of increased global change in the weather conditions. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies and History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies and History National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impacts-of-el-nino-and-la-nina-on-the-global-weather-condition-and-possible-remedial-measures https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Professional Training on Teacher Leadership and Teachers' Performance Muzdalfa Fatima Tariq Mahmood Khan Muhammad Naveed Jabbar Professional Training; Teacher Leader; Teachers' Performance The objective of this study was to determine the impact of professional training on teacher leaders and teachers' performance. The population of the study was secondary school teachers in Lahore; while there were selected 20 respondents were selected through a random sampling technique. For this study, a pre-experimental research design was administered.This scale was administered on the basis of the Teacher Leadership Exploratory Consortium. The research data was collected before and after treatment while SPSS was administered to analyze the research questions proposed in this study.The findings of this research revealed that the post-test score was greater than the pre-test. Significantly, this study is beneficial to developing the teacherleader skills and teachers' performance through professional training. Moreover,it may enhance the teaching-learning process by adopting innovative strategies and techniques. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholar Education, Leadership and Management, Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Professor, Institute of Education and Research (IER) University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of the Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA and E), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-professional-training-on-teacher-leadership-and-teachers-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Overview of Arthur Miller's Play All My Sons and Locating Aspects Concerning Capitalist Failure Farooq Shah Muhammad Altaf Saddam Ul Islam Capitalism Marxism Individualism Oppression Class Conflict Class Consciousness Social Status This paper aims at exploring the mentality of the people which was shaped by the capitalist doctrine and how this mental state led the characters to take reckless and unethical decisions. The Marxist analysis is used to unravel multiple motivations and reasons behind those decisions, so basically, this study owes a debt to Karl Marx's class struggle and identification. The attitudes of the people are observed and looked at carefully through the Marxist lens, and the impact and failure of capitalism are identified. This research is organized on the basis of sharp textual and interpretative analysis of the text All My Sons by Arthur Miller under the umbrella of qualitative research method and the curious quest of the research questions besides the objectives to be explored under the lens of Marxist concepts; Class Conflict, Oppression, Exploitation and Commodification. The paper reveals how class conflict leads to the oppression of the masses. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English Literature, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Subject Specialist In English, Elementary And Secondary Education Department, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-overview-of-arthur-millers-play-all-my-sons-and-locating-aspects-concerning-capitalist-failure- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Examining the Impact of Livestock on Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Kalla Saifullah, Balochistan Saima Liaqat Nasir Ali Khalid Khan Livestock Benefits from Livestock Poverty Balochistan The study aimed to investigate livestock's role in waning rural poverty in Kalla Saifullah district, Balochistan. Using convenient sampling, a sample of 150 was collected from three tehsils of the Kalla Saifullah district.The study found that most households were below the poverty line but could escape poverty with the help of livestock benefits. The study employed the logit model. The results of the explanatory variables showed that the benefit from livestock, age of the household head, agriculture credit, livestock training, gender of the household head, land ownership and education of the household head exhibited a significant but inverse association with the poverty of the households. Nevertheless, the size of the household has a positive impact on poverty, while family labour has no bearing on poverty. Therefore, to alleviate poverty in the region, which may significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth, the government needs to encourage interest- free loans and enhance the ability of the livestock producers through training. Humanity Publications Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University (LCWU), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/examining-the-impact-of-livestock-on-poverty-alleviation-a-case-study-of-kalla-saifullah-balochistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Determinants of Customer Loyalty in the Banking Sector of Pakistan Rizwan Ali Tanveer Aslam Hammad Zafar Customer Loyalty Customer Satisfaction Corporate Image Service Quality The aim of the current study is to inspect the intervention of customer satisfaction in the association between service quality and corporate image to customer loyalty in the Pakistan banking sector. The population of this research is banking customers and a sample size of 210 respondents. This study uses the SPSS, Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis techniques along with AMOS methods. The results of the study show that service quality and corporate image of the banks are not associated with customer loyalty, but this association is possible due to customer loyalty. This study shows that banks must focus on customer satisfaction to engage customer loyalty. CL is only achieved through customer satisfaction. The Pakistani banking sector, therefore, improves customer satisfaction, so the association between service quality, corporate image and customer loyalty must be enhanced. Humanity Publications Lahore Business School (LBS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore Business School (LBS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore Business School (LBS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/determinants-of-customer-loyalty-in-the-banking-sector-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Targeted Killings by Drones and Legality of Deployment of CIA Operatives Shakeel Ahmad Fozia Naseem Ahsan Riaz Central Intelligence Agency Combatants Lieber Code Non- Regular Armed Forces Military Manuals Lethal Force Drone Since October 2001, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employed a predator drone armed with missiles to carry out an operation in Afghanistan that targeted suspected al-Qaeda members. These missile attacks continued to hit targets in Yemen, Afghanistan, and the Pakistani territory bordering Afghanistan. It has been proven that missile-equipped drones are uncertain when used in covert operations. Drone strikes raise legal questions under International Law, Human Rights Law (HRL) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). IHL prohibits civilian organisations from participating in direct hostilities unless the government notifies them of their incorporation into the regular armed forces. The explanation for why the CIA does not have the authorisation to carry out drone strikes is given in the article. The deployment of the CIA rather than regular armed forces is a violation of both accepted norms of war and HRL regulations. Humanity Publications Department of International Relations, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, College of Law, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/targeted-killings-by-drones-and-legality-of-deployment-of-cia-operatives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Comparative Study of Traditional and Contemporary Houses in Abbottabad: Environmental Impact Assessment Sheikh Haris Iftikhar Adnan Anwar Raja Abbas Ahmed Khan Comparative Study Traditional Environmental Impact Assesment The use of new construction materials, active cooling and heating systems, and rising global temperatures are surprisingly harming our environment and are contributing to pollution and the depletion of the ozone layer. The study focuses on several thermal comfort strategies for residential building designs and passive design techniques used in Abbottabad, Pakistan,traditional houses. The research also offers a descriptive examination of a traditional and a modern built house, highlighting the problems caused by the absence of conventional passive design elements in the latter. The research comes to a conclusion and suggests environmental protection measures that modern homes should use in the future. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan. Principal Architect, Raja Abbas Architects, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparative-study-of-traditional-and-contemporary-houses-in-abbottabad-environmental-impact-assessment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Factors Encouraging Single Occupant Vehicle Users to Adopt Sustainable Alternative Mode Choice Muzamil Hussain Shah Hina Marvi Mehnaz Soomro PLS-SEM; Public Transportation; Mode Choice; Karachi; Sustainable Alternative Mode Choice Karachi, a megapolis city in specific, has seen a significant increase in urban growth and motorization over the last fifty years. The lack of effective public transportation is a consequence of incredibly reduced operational costs that are reasonable to many of Karachi's habitats, resulting in excessive car use.The study aims to figure out what psychological factors influence motorists'decisions to use sustainable alternative modes of choice. People's movements are strongly linked to their social demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, profession, education levels, and family activities. For research, data has been collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used. Private Car users of Karachi's CBD were Focused. The descriptive analysis was adopted through SPSS. The "SEM" model was applied through the "PLS" Path Least Square Model. Resultantly, Intention is the crucial factor for the completion of the research. Humanity Publications Department of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/factors-encouraging-single-occupant-vehicle-users-to-adopt-sustainable-alternative-mode-choice https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition Method on Development of English Reading and Writing Skills of Secondary School Students Rabeea Maqbool Abid Hussain Ch. Writing Skills Reading Skills Secondary School Students The Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) English teaching approach was compared to the traditional English teaching method in this study. The research was carried out in Punjab secondary schools. The goal of this research was to see how the CIRC technique compared to traditional English teaching methods. Because teaching pedagogies primarily rely on teacher-centered methods, the absence of critical pedagogies during the teaching process results in an unproductive system. In nature, the current study used a per-test-post-test nonequivalent control group design.The study included experimental and control groups. The study's participants were chosen using a convenient sampling approach. The experimental group was given the treatment(the CIRC technique was used), whereas the control group was given traditional instruction. A pilot study was conducted to establish the test's content validity and item analysis. To test the hypotheses, descriptive (Mean, percentage) and inferential(independent and paired samples t-tests) statistics were used to evaluate the data. The study's findings were useful for instructors in establishing new teaching techniques to address the challenges in developing English reading and writing abilities, as well as the obstacles experienced by secondary school students in learning English. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Faculty of Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-cooperative-integrated-reading-and-composition-method-on-development-of-english-reading-and-writing-skills-of-secondary-school-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392786 2022-03-30 gssr

The Mediating Role of Inflation in the Relationship between Currency Depreciation and Economic Growth Naveed Ali Izhar Ul Hassan Abdul Wahab Depreciation Economic Growth Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) This study investigates the role of inflation as a mediator between currency depreciation and economic growth in Pakistan from 1972 to 2016. Using the Ng-Parron unit root test, the stationarity of the variables is determined. The outcomes of Ng-Parron unit root tests indicate that all variables in the model exhibit mix-order integration. This paper also employs the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) to evaluate the relationship between currency depreciation, inflation, and economic expansion. The results show very clearly that the inflation rate does not play a role in the link between currency depreciation and economic growth in the case of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Department of Economics & Development Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan Government of Pakhtunkhwa Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Government Polytechnical Institute, Sardar Garhi, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-mediating-role-of-inflation-in-the-relationship-between-currency-depreciation-and-economic-growth https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392789 2019-06-30 gssr

Industrial Entrepreneurs' Decisions for Start-up Behavior in the Context of Economic Corridors: A Scale Development & Contextualization Process Muhammad Arif Zia Ur Rehman Saira Batool Industrial entrepreneurship start-up Behavior Star-up Decisions Scale Development Exploratory Factor Analysis Economic Corridors Start-up behaviour is a key resource for entrepreneurial investment decisions. Economic Corridors are a new form of regional and beyond regional entrepreneurial collaborations. The present research aimed at operationalising the measurement scale for industrial entrepreneurs' start-up behaviour in the context of entrepreneurship under economic corridors. Particularly, the present study is committed to developing, contextualising, and statistically pilot testing the measurement scale of start-up behaviour of industrial entrepreneurs. This study applied EFA, validity, and reliability tests on the 6-items constructed for Start-up Behavior.Data was collected from the owners, shareholders, members of the board of directors and Chief level executives of 425 manufacturing organisations (e.g., also known as industrial entrepreneurs) in Pakistan. Results of this scale contextualisation process confirmed that initial developed 7 items were reduced to 6-items, and 1-item was deleted at the stage of face & content validity. The final form of measurement scale for Start-up Behavior consisted of 6- items under 1-factor. Moreover, this study described and presented a systematic process for scale development, scale contextualisation, and statistical pilot testing to ensure the factorisation/extraction of factors, reliability and validity for thenewly operationalised scales for start-up behaviour. This study contributed to the body of knowledge for behavioural sciences, entrepreneurship, and economic corridors by providing a 6-item measuring scale of industrial entrepreneurs' start-up behaviour. This study is also an added advantage for the owners of the manufacturing firms and policymakers up to the extent that they were able to analyse the six behavioural factors for investment in the new start-ups. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Urdu, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/industrial-entrepreneurs-decisions-for-startup-behavior-in-the-context-of-economic-corridors-a-scale-development-contextualization-process https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392792 2022-03-30 gssr

Career Conditions in Pakistan: Using Connections as Career Moves Noreen Saher Iram Batool Asma Farheen Career Career Context Connections Loyalty Indebtedness Pakistan This paper examines the role of social connections on the career trajectory of Pakistani employees in local organisations. Scholarship (Syed,2016; Saher & Mayrhofer, 2014; Mangi et al., 2012; Saher, 2010;Chatterjee, 2007; Khilji, 2003; Budhwar, 2001; Lyon, 2000; Sparrow & Budhwar, 1997; Mendonca & Kanungo,1994) has already highlighted the significant impact of social connections on the professional growth of individuals in India and Pakistan. However, in response to the calls for contextualising HRM practices and research, this paper is developing a culturally specific framework to reveal pervasive practices of career progression in Pakistan. Qualitative research has been conducted to get in-depth data on the issue at hand. This paper will extend a rare insider's view and future research directions. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Associate Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/career-conditions-in-pakistan-using-connections-as-career-moves https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392794 2022-03-30 gssr

The Teaching of Islamiyat and Students' Character Building: An Analysis of Elementary School Teachers Majid Ali Muhammad Mukhtyar Zobia Kanwal Islamiyat Teaching Character Character Building Elementary Schools This quantitative study was designed to analyze the effects of teaching Islamiyat on students' character building at the elementary level. The proportionate sample of 817 elementary school teachers was drawn from the total population of Okara district elementary schools using random sampling.The tools' reliability was also tested using a pilot study and Cronbach's alpha on the pilot study's responses. Scale reliability was.88. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), t-test and ANOVA to compare teachers' demographics, and regression to examine the effects of variables. The researcher used factor analysis to determine if the scale's items were gears of a common construct. The study found that most teachers agree that Islamiyat teaching is vital in developing students' character. Humanity Publications M. Phil (Education Leadership and Management) Scholar, The Superior College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer of Physics, Divisional Public School and College, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer Education, The Superior College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-teaching-of-islamiyat-and-students-character-building-an-analysis-of-elementary-school-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392796 2021-06-30 gssr

Car Parking Study of Hyderabad City, Sindh, Pakistan Mehnaz Soomro Hina Marvi Rabia Khaskheli Car Parking Hyderabad City Centre Traffic We accept as true with any talk about stopping needs to start with a study of present stopping use.Regardless of whether your problem is parking in the city middle or on the other hand, how a great deal stopping expecting another development, you need to understand have a great deal stopping is as of now reachable and how is it used. Parking spots must normally be a piece of any study and any arrangements. Numerous straightforward tallies can be performed by the neighbourhood workforce or on the other hand, adjacent volunteers with insignificant preparation. The instruction under is meant exceptionally for the neighbourhood team of workers and neighbourhood volunteers in structuring and doing your survey, or for the neighbourhood team of supervising revising planned information assortment suggestions as a portion of the different permit methods. Humanity Publications Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/car-parking-study-of-hyderabad-city-sindh-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392797 2021-03-30 gssr

Comparative Study of Competitors Lead to Brands Switching in Pakistan: A Case Study of Hyderabad Sanam Bhutto Raj Kumar Hina Marvi Fashion Clothing Brands Locale User Hyderabad This research aims to examine why consumers' brand switching behaviour happened, understand the critical factors behind brand switching in Hyderabad city, and illustrate the variables that significantly affect customer engagement in fashion clothing. Using a questionnaire, a survey was done with a public audience that included both men and females. A total of 199 people completed the survey. The outcome shows that just one independent variable has been validated following the hypothesis.The analysis did not approve the other four variables: brand image,attachment, word of mouth, and environmental effect. The current study proves that comparative advertisement plays a vital role in brand switching. Humanity Publications Department of Textile Design, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Textile Design, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2021-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparative-study-of-competitors-lead-to-brands-switching-in-pakistan-a-case-study-of-hyderabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-I).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:392918 2019-12-30 gssr

Russia's Global Strategic Rebalancing: Implications for Pakistan Ahmed Ijaz Malik Muhammad Nadeem Mirza Russia Balance of Power Putin Leadership Strategic Rebalancing Pakistan Russia under Vladimir Putin’s leadership has assumed a personalised character which has drastically transformed its domestic and defence policy as well as its global grand strategy. The main contour of the grand strategy is a strategic rebalancing in the places of its influence including its near abroad and its area of interest including Asia, Asia Pacific and the Middle East. Putin’s leadership and psychological orientation have a fundamental role in the materialisation of this transformation and the study of this factor serves as a lens to explain Russia’s resurgence and also provides a guide to Russia’s future foreign policy. One of the significant aspects of the strategic rebalancing is Russia’s increasing influence in South Asia and the projects of building transport and trade corridor. While China remains another significant powerful player with similar geostrategic and geoeconomic plans; states such as Pakistan foresee great challenges as well as opportunities which emerge as a result of the increasing influence of Russia and China in the region and the lingering dissonance in Pakistan’s relations with the United States of America. Humanity Publications Faculty Members, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Faculty Members, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/russias-global-strategic-rebalancing-implications-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).67 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393796 2022-03-30 gssr

The Effects of Motivational Level of Prospective Teachers on their Academic Achievement and Self-esteem at the University Level Rubina Nadeem Muhammad Amir Hashmi Motivation Prospective Teachers Learning Self-Esteem Academic Performance Students and teachers can use different ways to learn when their motivation is high, moderate, or low. The main objective of this descriptive study was to find out how high levels of motivation affect the performance of the prospective teacher. A survey method was used to gather data. Prospective teachers of the University of Punjab Lahore were included in the sample population .sample size was 560 prospective teachers. We used a questionnaire to find out about different ways to get people interested in learning. SPSS was used to look at the data. The results showed that a high level of motivation among future teachers was positively and significantly linked to all academic achievements and self-esteem, while a moderate level of motivation was also positively and significantly linked to other academic achievements. The results of this study may also persuade policymakers to take into account new motivational factors when hiring new teachers. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Educational Research, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-motivational-level-of-prospective-teachers-on-their-academic-achievement-and-selfesteem-at-the-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393831 2022-03-30 gssr

Analyzing Hellenistic Elements in Keats’s Poetry- with Special Reference to His Tales in Verse Sana Riaz Ayaz Ahmad Aryan Marina Khan Hellenistic Elements Keats Poetry Medieval Themes National Characteristics of the Greeks This study incorporates elements of myths and feministic beauty in inter-contextual structure in John Keats' poetry. This research is majorly concerned with the use of ancient Greek mythology and the elements of feminine beauty in Keats' mythological poetry. The study investigates Keats's search for truthfulness and beauty, his identification of love for poetry and his creation of his poetic genius with special reference to feminine beauty in his poetic works. The research is descriptive and qualitative in nature the framework is established by reviewing related poems and previous literature. Thus the data is generated from two main sources, the primary source which includes the selected poetry of John Keats and the secondary source which includes reviews of previous literary work. The Textual Analysis Method of Research is followed as the theoretical framework of Hellenism that comprehends a certificate for the conclusion of research problems. Humanity Publications Demonstrator, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-hellenistic-elements-in-keatss-poetry-with-special-reference-to-his-tales-in-verse https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393838 2022-03-30 gssr

Imbalance Criminal Justice System of Pakistan: Joined Up Working is the Way Forward Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri Sheer Abbas Ghufran Ahmed Alignment Criminal Justice System Executive Magistrates; Investigation; Joined-Up Working Prosecution Trial The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is an inter-dependent multi-organizational justice sector comprising police, prosecution, courts, corrections and many other government agencies. These governmental institutions along with one private force in the shape of the defence lawyers; are primarily responsible for the administration of CJS. The imbalance among these institutions and separate working without meaningful coordination and cooperation to uphold justice are key elements for making CJS ineffective, inefficient, and expensive and even paralyzing it. An Appropriate balance among these institutions and joined up working to uphold justice are the key elements to make the CJS effective, efficient even inexpensive. No single organization can make the CJS effective and efficient. Synergy among the judiciary, prosecution, police and other inter-dependent agencies and authorities is necessary for making the CJS simpler, faster, cheaper and people-friendly. With the help of qualitative and analytical research methodology, this article explores the imbalances in the working of CJS and explains the need for joined working and alignment of the CJS as a way forward and practical solution for making CJS efficient, effective, simpler, faster, cheaper and people friendly. Humanity Publications Assistant District Public Prosecutor, Anti-Terrorism Court, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, International Space Law, College of Law, University of Sharjah, UAE. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/imbalance-criminal-justice-system-of-pakistan-joined-up-working-is-the-way-forward https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393912 2022-03-30 gssr

The Techno-Pedagogical Experience: Probing Communicative Affordance of Mobile Phones in Pakistan's Academia Madiha Maqsood Aemen Khalid Seemab Far Bukhari Techno-Pedagogical Communicative Affordance Academia The advent of technological advancement has affected everylifestyle and reshaped the concepts related to academic practices. As compared to conventional pedagogy, the new ways of easier communication through digital media devices especially Mobile Phones have offered diverse ways of learning for the students and provided the academicians with a multipurpose platform of sharing ideas, preparing lectures, conducting research and coordinating with the students. The study investigates how digital intervention in pedagogy has affected the learning environment in Pakistan`s academia with a student's perspective. For the purpose, drawing upon the theoretical perspective of Communicative Affordance, a sample of 600 students is surveyed. Humanity Publications Department of Development Communication, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Communication and Media Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-technopedagogical-experience-probing-communicative-affordance-of-mobile-phones-in-pakistans-academia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393927 2019-09-30 gssr

Gwadar Port as the Socioeconomic Pivot to China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Prospects and Repercussions Sultan Maqsood Maliha Zeba Khan Sajjad Ali Khan Economic Connectivity Socioeconomic Growth Geography IOR Traditional Security Non-Traditional Security China is emerging as an economic power of the world and correspondingly it has unleashed a strategy of its sustained economic growth alongside socioeconomic development of the region and beyond, through implementation of its envisaged grand Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In this regard, Pakistanis accommodating China’s flagship project, China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The success of CPEC hinges on the unhindered development and sustenance of Gwadar Port for assured uninterrupted sea - land linkage of CPEC. Besides supporting CPEC, Gwadar Port has gigantic potential to contribute towards Pakistan’s socioeconomic development and improving socioeconomic stature of landlocked Central Asian States. Geopolitics always play its role in all regional and international developments which embody clash of interest among stakeholder states and development of Gwadar Port is no exception. Alongside enormous prospects of payoffs, Gwadar Port encounters serious challenges to its development and sustenance, which have not been much deliberated in academic discourses. This paper, besides ascertaining the socioeconomic impacts of Gwadar Port on Pakistan, China, regional states and CPEC, identifies international repercussions and domestic challenges to Gwadar Port’s success; thus help the policy makers to draw pertinent conclusions. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Area Study Centre, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/gwadar-port-as-the-socioeconomic-pivot-to-china-pakistan-economic-corridor-prospects-and-repercussions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393930 2021-06-30 gssr

Thanatophobia and Psychological Distress among Health Care Workers during COVID-19 Najia Zulfiqar Alveera Habib Muhammad Hassan Covid-19 Death Anxiety Distress Healthcare Year of Experience The Outbreak of COVID-19 has caused distress all around the world. The healthcare professionals significant risk of transmitting coronavirus to others. This research determines the predictive effects of thanatophobia on psychological distress among healthcare workers during COVID-19. The demographic differences were related to age, gender, job title, and year of experience examined in the study variables. The data were collected on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale from doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff in different hospitals of District Haripur, KPK Pakistan via a convenient sampling technique. Findings showed that thanatophobia predicted a 33.5% increase in psychological distress. Women and doctors were more phobic and distressed than men, nurses, and paramedical staff. The older workers with more job experience had high thanatophobia and low psychological distress than their counterparts. The study’s limitations and recommendations are discussed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Undergraduate Student, Department of Psychology, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan Graduate Student, Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/thanatophobia-and-psychological-distress-among-health-care-workers-during-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393964 2019-06-30 gssr

The Emerging Intelligence Architecture of Internal Security & New Regional Dynamics in South Asia (2015-2018) Mariam Tahir Javed Ali Kalhoro Ashfaq Ahmad Regional Security Security Architecture Regional politics, safety dynamics, and national protection of South Asia are intensely interlinked with the traditional and non-traditional issues prevailing. A substantial effort and energy are converted into procuring the weapons instead of working towards economic growth. All these crises will have a profound consequence on regional security, ultimately affecting the peace of the rest of the International Community. Superpowers fulfilling their malign agendas through smaller States against Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India in the South Asian region with the promise of aid. The functional regional security architecture is critical to secure South Asia’s development and security. The tower should be capable of vending with traditional and non-traditional security dilemmas. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-emerging-intelligence-architecture-of-internal-security-new-regional-dynamics-in-south-asia-20152018 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393972 2019-03-30 gssr

Decentralization and Service Delivery: A Case Study of District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Urfi Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan Ahmad Ali Decentralization Public Service Delivery District Council Mardan Local Government. This article attempts to examine the relationship between decentralization and service delivery through an analysis of the performance of local governments established under the "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013" with respect to the delivery of basic social services. While exponents of decentralization often argue that the devolution of powers to the lower levels of government improves public service delivery through equity, productive efficiency, and cost recovery, the findings of this study evince that the effects of decentralization on service delivery are often contingent on the social and political dynamics prevalent within a given context. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/decentralization-and-service-delivery-a-case-study-of-district-mardan-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:393981 2019-03-30 gssr

Binarity of Headedness Principle in Universal Grammar: A Comparative Analysis of Urdu and English Phrases Muhammad Uzair Ubaidullah Khan Shamim Ara Shams Binarity of Headedness Phrase Structure Universal Grammar Urdu. The binarity of parameters according to which languages differ in their structure is the subject of minimalist program proposed by Noam Chomsky. This article analyses the phrase structure of Urdu in light of the binarity of the headedness principle. 10 participants with equal competency in Urdu and English were distributed a questionnaire containing 3 questions with 2 options in each, with both Urdu and English version of the phrase structure. They were required to tick (🗸) the correct options and cross (x) if they considered any of the options ungrammatical. The responses of the participants confirmed that Urdu conforms to the universal principle of binarity in terms of headedness of phrase structure. It also highlights that the change of position of the head-word in Urdu only causes variation in stress pattern while the phrase remains grammatical in both cases. Humanity Publications Faculty of English Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. English Language Center, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Department of Linguistics & Literature, Karakoram International University, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/binarity-of-headedness-principle-in-universal-grammar-a-comparative-analysis-of-urdu-and-english-phrases https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394026 2019-09-30 gssr

Gender Discrimination in Legal Profession in Pakistan Shazia Hassan Amara Khanam Tajwar Waseem Khan gender discrimination gender imbalance insecure work field eve teasing Data shows that there is an obvious gender imbalance in legal profession in Pakistan. The study was taken under the objective to find out the main reasons and causes of the gender imbalance in the legal profession in Pakistan. Gender discrimination is mainly considered the major factor behind gender imbalance in the legal profession in Pakistan. For the purpose of exploring the field the researcher framed the research question and collected public opinion through surveys and interviews. The opinion collection through questionnaires was taken from two cities and interview taken from government officers as well as senior lawyers.Due to limited resources, the researcher selected two district bars of Lahore and Faisalabad. The analysis made from the data collected shows that the legal profession is not gender biased. Females do not feel insecure in the legal profession and there is no harassment or eve-teasing in the workplace. The findings and conclusion shows that gender imbalance is not totally due to gender discrimination but it is one of the many factors that cause gender imbalance in the legal profession. Humanity Publications Lecturer (Law), The Institute of Legal Studies (TILS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer (Law), The Institute of Legal Studies (TILS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer (Law), The Institute of Legal Studies (TILS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/gender-discrimination-in-legal-profession-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394039 2019-09-30 gssr

The US Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy towards Pakistan (1990-2000) Fazal Rabbi Munazza Mubarak Javid Ali Kalhoro US Nuclear Non- Proliferation Policy Pakistan 1990's. The nuclear issue is considered to be one of the most important concerns in the Pak-US affairs since the 1970s. The issue further transpired after May 1998 when India conducted its second nuclear test, followed by Pakistan. Moreover, the US shared its critical concern over Pakistan’s nuclear programme since 1990. Afterwards, the US imposed sanctions on Pakistan to penalize the country and restrict the State of Pakistan from developing nuclear weapons. The Indian nuclear tests in May 1998 furthered the overall frustration in the U.S. administration which paved the way for taking some strong economic restrictions against India and Pakistan. It also became a concentrated challenge for the US to avoid any expected nuclear clash between Pakistan and India in the post-nuclear tests scenario. In this article, the US policy of nuclear non-proliferation toward Pakistan in the 1990s has been extensively examined in chronological order to set a proper score of literature for the researchers and academicians. Also, the study is conducted based on the secondary source of data, published interviews and a comparative analysis of US assistance to Pakistan in the 80s and 90s, to bring up the faded facts. Humanity Publications Associate Professor/Head, Department of Pakistan Studies/History, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-us-nuclear-nonproliferation-policy-towards-pakistan-19902000 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394053 2022-03-30 gssr

A Thematic Analysis of Engaged Journalism in Pakistan Zil e Huma Engagement Journalism Media Practices Digital Technology Citizen Journalism This study uses a thematic approach to analyse engaged journalism projects. This research analyzed more than 50 cases covered and breaks down case studies from the past into three main categories which are; random acts of empowerment, content collaborations and facilitating conversations. Further categorization identified new strategies for community outreach practices.One of the findings is that about a quarter of the cases are not about engaged audiences in content creation but rather about engaging citizens. Engaged journalism can evolve society and this is being accepted by the media and its role as a community organizer. This changed concept will help journalists and media scholars to understand what they need to do when talking about engaged journalism. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Media Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-thematic-analysis-of-engaged-journalism-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394054 2022-03-30 gssr

Lack of Justice in Contemporary Society as Depicted in Ghani Khan's Poem Badshahi Nazish Sadaf Riaz Haseena Safdar Injustice Society Poems Rights Feminism Discrimination This study is conducted to discover elements of injustice in contemporary society through the poetry of the Pashtun incredible and legendary poet Ghani Khan. The poetry of Ghani Khan depicts the elements of revolt, injustices, cruelty, and exploitation in his contemporary society. The social injustices, the enslavement of poor and deprived ones have been pointed out in his poetry. This research work is all about social injustice in contemporary society and the violation of human rights. Ghani Khan pass on a solid message in his poem ‘Badshahi’ that Allah is seeing all the creatures that how they are carrying out their obligations. The study prescribed a broader vision of modern society that running after this world is just like chasing after a shadow, you may get nothing. Individuals these days are running after luxuries and worldly wishes. But at the conclusion of the day this control, cash, and extravagances will get to be a revile for them. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Women University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Graduate Scholar, Department of English, Women University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Graduate Scholar, Department of English, Women University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/lack-of-justice-in-contemporary-society-as-depicted-in-ghani-khans-poem-badshahi- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394143 2019-06-30 gssr

Assessing the Roles of Organizational Aggression and Workplace Gossiping between Narcissistic Leadership and Employee Behavioral Cynicism Fauzia Ahmed Uzma Gilani Mamoona Islam Organizational Aggression Narcissistic Leadership Behavioral Cynicism Workplace Gossiping The purpose of this research was to examine the Impact of Narcissistic Leadership (NL) on Employee’s Behavioral Cynicism (BOC) with the mediation of Organizational Aggression (OA) and moderation of Workplace Gossiping (WG) in the FMCG sector of Pakistan. OA was studied as a mediator that was brought in between the relationship of NL on BOC to see what impact it made on them. A quantitative method was used in this study, and the data was collected through survey questionnaires from 415 workers of FMCG companies operating in Pakistan using the convenience sampling technique, a type of non-probabilistic sampling. An adopted structured questionnaire was used in this research by using a cross-sectional study and a self-administered survey. SPSS is used for demographics frequency analysis, and SMART PLS 4 is used for SEM, validity and reliability analysis. However, H1 results revealed that NL had a significant impact on BOC. Whereas H2, looking at the mediation results,OA was found to have the mediation on the relationship between NL on EBC shows complete mediation. Further, H3, WG significantly moderated the relationship of NL with EBC. Therefore, the Leader member exchange (LMX) theory supports H1, the AET model supports H2 and self- verification & LMX theory supports H3. Humanity Publications Lecturer, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Balochistan, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Balochistan, Quetta-Balochistan, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-roles-of-organizational-aggression-and-workplace-gossiping-between-narcissistic-leadership-and-employee-behavioral-cynicism https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394309 2019-09-30 gssr

Digitalisation of Revenue Laws in Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Muhammad Shahid Tahreem Farrukh Land Records Computerization Administrative Models Public Access Costly Data The computerization of land records and the introduction of new administrative models have greatly improved public access and control over land records in Pakistan. However, an ongoing problem faced by many landlords on a daily basis is the challenge of 'long distance loading', which could be solved by vertically extending the Arazi Records Center to the union council level. Increase. Research findings show that digitizing land registry services is costly and inaccessible to relevant authorities when needed. In addition, informal payments and lengthy procedures remain prevalent. To address these issues, it is recommended that authorities initiate awareness campaigns at the village level and regularly monitor personnel to improve existing systems. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan MA, LLM, Advocate High Court, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, Karachi University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/digitalisation-of-revenue-laws-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).61 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394330 2019-03-30 gssr

Cyber Laws and Cyber Security in Pakistan: Myths and Realities Muhammad Tahir Tahreem Farrukh Muhammad Shahid Cybersecurity Warfare Adaptation Global Threat Illicit Transfers Cyber- Attacks Cyber Laws CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team) The evolving nature of warfare is characterized by technology's ability to adapt and attack enemies in different ways at different times and places. This adaptability also extends to the realm of cybersecurity, where billions of dollars are illegally transferred, data breaches occur, national secrets are compromised, and critical public infrastructure is hacked. Pakistan, like many other countries, is not immune to these challenges. Pakistan recently experienced a massive cyberattack against a major institutional website, resulting in a successful intrusion by hackers. In response, Pakistani lawmakers introduced a cyber law, but at the time the scale and complexity of these new threats were not fully recognized. To protect itself from such risks, it is important for Pakistan to stay vigilantand continuously adapt its cybersecurity measures to meet the evolving cyber threat landscape. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, Karachi University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. MA, LLM, Advocate High Court, Pakistan. 2019-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cyber-laws-and-cyber-security-in-pakistan-myths-and-realities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).62 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394348 2019-09-30 gssr

Re-thinking Folkloristic Subjectivity as Queer Spiritual Discourse in Saif-ul-Malook Kaneez Fatima Sayeda Kanza Umer Khan Asma Humayun Queer Spirituality Folkloristic Subjectivity Trans-human relationship Metaphysical World View Empirical Praxis The intersection of folk narratives with queer spirituality presents an ontological displacement of subjectivity triggered by an inquiry towards the nature of identity. Decentering of identity to the extent of modification of the self into a trans-human relationship mediated through love between a fairy and a man is a queer spiritual experience which creates anti-normative spaces hitherto celebrated in folklores. This paper explores societal oppressive apparatuses fore-grounded in assertive religious discourse forcing people to seek reliance against such faith-based norms in folkloristic tradition and to create spaces where their sexuality is celebrated rather than condemned. Saif-ul-Malook is the folk narrative in the regional literature of Punjab by Mian Muhammad Bukhsh (1830-1907). It describes the love tale of a Prince with a fairy. Positioning queer subjectivities amidst a metaphysical worldview is an attempt of resorting to inner conflict of self through gender and sexuality. By separating spirituality as sociological discourse from discursive religious practices, our paper investigates queer spirituality in different folkloristic forms on experiential standards than that of belief systems. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor of English , Government Graduate College (W) Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Punjabi, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/rethinking-folkloristic-subjectivity-as-queer-spiritual-discourse-in-saifulmalook https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).62 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394378 2021-06-30 gssr

A Comparative Analysis of Administrative Problems and Job Performance: From Government College Principals and Faculty Members' Perspective Sami ul Haq Iqbal Amin Khan Farid Ullah Khan Comparison Administrative Problems Job Performance College Principal Faculty Member Professional Development The study aimed to compare the views of college principals and teachers regarding the various administrative problems faced by principals and how these problems affect their job. By using stratified random sampling technique 28 college principals and 140 faculty members were randomly selected from the six districts. A self-made validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The Cronbach’s alpha values for administrative problems and job performanc were 0.73 and 0.85 respectively. Study results showed that both the parties have similar perceptions about the administrative problems and job performance of college principals. Both respondents agreed that due to massive administrative problems, college principals may not be able to achieve vision and mission of the college. It was recommended that providing capacity building and continuous professional development opportunities may be worthwhile strategies for improving the administrative roles of principals. Humanity Publications M. Phil Scholar, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2021-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-administrative-problems-and-job-performance-from-government-college-principals-and-faculty-members-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(VI-II).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 6, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394391 2022-03-30 gssr

Examining the Elemental Spectrum: Unravelling the Levels of Bloom's Taxonomy within Chemistry Question Papers for Secondary Education Muhammad Naseer Ud Din Farid Ullah Khan Munir Khan Bloom's Taxonomy Chemistry Tests Cognitive Abilities Peshawar Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Exam Questions This study aimed to utilize the cognitive subcategory of Bloom's taxonomy in analyzing chemistry tests administered to high school students from 2009 to 2013. The study aimed to investigate if the Peshawar Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) assessed students' cognitive abilities beyond memory. The study involved five experts who assessed the importance of the objectives of individual inquiries. The majority of participants in the study were high school sophomores who had completed chemistry exams within the past five years. The study's questionnaire underwent expert review to ensure the accurate allocation of points to each cognitive subcategory. The grades were computed based on a percentage scale. This study aimed to assess chemistry exam questions using a standardized set of criteria. The capacity for synthesis, application, comprehension, and knowledge acquisition. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/examining-the-elemental-spectrum-unravelling-the-levels-of-blooms-taxonomy-within-chemistry-question-papers-for-secondary-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394723 2019-09-30 gssr

Pedagogy as a factor of (In)tolerance: An Analysis of Teaching Practices at the University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Jamil Ahmad Bilal Shaukat Anila Javed University pedagogy extremism tolerance Focus group discussion. The study explores the relationship between teaching practices and the level of tolerance at higher education institutions through the concurrent triangulation method. The Mix Method Research technique was used to analyze the data. For qualitative data, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with a focus on understanding the teaching patterns and practices at the university. The level of interpersonal tolerance among students was measured through an existing scale. The thematic discussion on issues of equality in the learning process; teachers' reflective practices; Discussion and debate in the classroom; creativity and critical thinking; freedom of speech and expression; and students' self-confidence and authority in the learning process are the focus of this paper. The study reveals that learner-centred instruction, which focuses on engaging students and providing them with a broader perspective, facilitates logical debates among students from diverse backgrounds. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Social Anthropology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Medical Social Officer, Gandhara University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2019-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pedagogy-as-a-factor-of-intolerance-an-analysis-of-teaching-practices-at-the-university-of-peshawar-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-III).63 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394844 2019-12-30 gssr

Human Rights Violations in Kashmir and the Role of the United Nations Muhammad Imran Ghulam Murtiza Muhammad Sulyman Akbar Human Rights Violation Kashmir Issue UN Role India-Pakistan Conflict Kashmir is primarily a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan. There is a substantial ideological component to the intentions of the two nation-states in this matter, which go beyond simple geopolitical or strategic considerations. The role of the United Nations (UN) in the face of human rights violations in Kashmir is the subject of this article. This article continues to cover the conflict in Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Hence, it highlights the significance of the UNs' involvement in the Kashmir conflict. The failure of UN resolutions on the Kashmir dispute and the Indian government's rejection of outside engagement are both extensively addressed. In Kashmir, the physical and emotional pain has resulted from the failure of the international community to protect human rights. The research concludes that India would never be able to find a lasting solution to the situation in Kashmir because there have been no significant political or economic repercussions on India as a result of the Kashmiri conflict. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Advocate, High Court, Lahore High Court Bar Association, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/human-rights-violations-in-kashmir-and-the-role-of-the-united-nations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).68 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:394928 2020-03-30 gssr

Space Weaponization and Strategic Stability in South Asia Muhammad Tehsin Space Weaponization Balance of Power Anti-Satellite Weapons Arms Race Outer Space States are investing extensively in outer space to establish military supremacy as it is the new battleground. Space has advanced to become a crucial component of military and security operations in recent decades, posing new opportunities and difficulties for the defence and intelligence communities. However, India is also advancing its capabilities in outer space, and its efforts to militarize space will have a severe impact on Pakistan and the instability in the region. Indian militarization of outer space and pursuit of eventual weaponization will result in a needless arms race between Pakistan and India. The long-standing competition, as well as the mutual deterrence strategy between India and Pakistan, is the principal root cause of instability in South Asia. Pakistan retains the option to adopt directed energy weapons (DEWs) by deploying them in military satellites, which can be used for orbital bombardment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/space-weaponization-and-strategic-stability-in-south-asia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).69 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395020 2020-06-30 gssr

Bilateral relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia: Implications for Regional Stability in the Middle East and North Africa Muhammad Tehsin Middle East North Africa Iran Saudi Arabia Regional Stability. The Middle East's geopolitical terrain has historically been marked by tensions and conflicts, with the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Iran being one of the most consequential factors. The global powers, particularly the US and China, should mediate the potential rapprochement between these regional powers. A study of the US and China's potential role as facilitators in the Iran-Saudi Arabian reconciliation reveals a complicated web of geopolitical, strategic, and economic variables. The changing global power structure and the possible alteration of regional dynamics are both significant. The paper delves into the changing relationships between Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey in Northeast Africa. It explores the historical connections,recent developments, and each country's motivations in the region. Explaining the future course of Middle Eastern politics and the larger field of international relations requires understanding the subtleties of the policies formulated by the US, China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/bilateral-relations-between-iran-and-saudi-arabia-implications-for-regional-stability-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395188 2019-12-30 gssr

Conflict in Yemen: Implications for Iran-Saudi Arabia Relations Muhammad Tehsin Iran Saudi Arabia Yemen Sectarian Ethnic Conflict In contemporary times, when the world is shifting from unipolarity to multipolarity, regional powers seek to gain influence over each other. Yemen's Houthi group is an ally of Iran. Saudi Arabia is involved in countering this alliance by trying to restrain Iran's growing regional outreach. Thus, Saudi involvement aims to maintain its clout and suppress the Iranian role. The conflict in Yemen escalates in an ethnosectarian garb. However, Iran and Saudi Arabia’s concern in the Yemen conflict is based on geopolitical and governmental factors. This competition between the two Middle Eastern protagonists to exercise exclusive control in the region contains serious implications for security and stability. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/conflict-in-yemen-implications-for-iransaudi-arabia-relations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).69 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395286 2019-12-30 gssr

How an intelligent Organization behaves? Analyzing the Role of Psychological Ownership and Creative Deviance Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman Rizwana Saghar Samara Javed Organizational Intelligence Psychological Ownership Creative Deviance Employee and Managers The study investigates the complex interplay among psychological ownership, creative deviance, and organizational intelligence, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. Utilizing a multidimensional conceptualization of psychological ownership, the research elucidates the implications of the construct on organizational intelligence. On the existing relevant literature, the study set the theoretical foundation testing proposed hypotheses. The study is quantitative in nature where statistical analysis including descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics was carried out. The data a gathered to an adaptive What's your name and analyzed through SPSS. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between psychological ownership and organizational intelligence, with creative deviance emerging as a crucial moderating variable. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and existing literature by identifying the role of the key dimensions of psychological ownership and creative deviance, thereby providing a better understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of intelligent organizations. The outcomes of the study have important implications for the development of strategies aimed at fostering innovation, informed decision-making, and organizational effectiveness. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Department of Leadership and Management Studies (LMS), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Independent Research Scholar, Pakistan. Independent Research Scholar, UK. 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-an-intelligent-organization-behaves-analyzing-the-role-of-psychological-ownership-and-creative-deviance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395287 2019-12-30 gssr

How an intelligent Organization behaves? Analyzing the Role of Psychological Ownership and Creative Deviance Organizational Intelligence Psychological Ownership Creative Deviance Employee and Managers This study investigates the complex interplay between psychological ownership, creative deviance, and organizational intelligence, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sector in Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Utilizing a multidimensional conceptualization of psychological ownership, our research elucidates the implications of this construct on organizational intelligence. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between psychological ownership and organizational intelligence, with creative deviance emerging as a crucial moderating variable. This research contributes to the extant literature by identifying key dimensions of psychological ownership and creative deviance, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of intelligent organizations. The study's outcomes have important implications for the development of strategies aimed at fostering innovation, informed decision-making, and organizational effectiveness. Humanity Publications 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-an-intelligent-organization-behaves-analyzing-the-role-of-psychological-ownership-and-creative-deviance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395288 2019-12-30 gssr

How an intelligent Organization behaves? Analyzing the Role of Psychological Ownership and Creative Deviance Organizational Intelligence Psychological Ownership Creative Deviance Employee and Managers This study investigates the complex interplay between psychological ownership, creative deviance, and organizational intelligence, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sector in Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Utilizing a multidimensional conceptualization of psychological ownership, our research elucidates the implications of this construct on organizational intelligence. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between psychological ownership and organizational intelligence, with creative deviance emerging as a crucial moderating variable. This research contributes to the extant literature by identifying key dimensions of psychological ownership and creative deviance, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of intelligent organizations. The study's outcomes have important implications for the development of strategies aimed at fostering innovation, informed decision-making, and organizational effectiveness. Humanity Publications 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-an-intelligent-organization-behaves-analyzing-the-role-of-psychological-ownership-and-creative-deviance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395289 2019-12-30 gssr

How an intelligent Organization behaves? Analyzing the Role of Psychological Ownership and Creative Deviance Organizational Intelligence Psychological Ownership Creative Deviance Employee and Managers This study investigates the complex interplay between psychological ownership, creative deviance, and organizational intelligence, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sector in Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Utilizing a multidimensional conceptualization of psychological ownership, our research elucidates the implications of this construct on organizational intelligence. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between psychological ownership and organizational intelligence, with creative deviance emerging as a crucial moderating variable. This research contributes to the extant literature by identifying key dimensions of psychological ownership and creative deviance, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of intelligent organizations. The study's outcomes have important implications for the development of strategies aimed at fostering innovation, informed decision-making, and organizational effectiveness. Humanity Publications 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-an-intelligent-organization-behaves-analyzing-the-role-of-psychological-ownership-and-creative-deviance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395290 2019-12-30 gssr

How an intelligent Organization behaves? Analyzing the Role of Psychological Ownership and Creative Deviance Organizational Intelligence Psychological Ownership Creative Deviance Employee and Managers This study investigates the complex interplay between psychological ownership, creative deviance, and organizational intelligence, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sector in Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Utilizing a multidimensional conceptualization of psychological ownership, our research elucidates the implications of this construct on organizational intelligence. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between psychological ownership and organizational intelligence, with creative deviance emerging as a crucial moderating variable. This research contributes to the extant literature by identifying key dimensions of psychological ownership and creative deviance, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of intelligent organizations. The study's outcomes have important implications for the development of strategies aimed at fostering innovation, informed decision-making, and organizational effectiveness. Humanity Publications 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-an-intelligent-organization-behaves-analyzing-the-role-of-psychological-ownership-and-creative-deviance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395291 2019-12-30 gssr

How an intelligent Organization behaves? Analyzing the Role of Psychological Ownership and Creative Deviance Organizational Intelligence Psychological Ownership Creative Deviance Employee and Managers This study investigates the complex interplay between psychological ownership, creative deviance, and organizational intelligence, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sector in Islamabad-Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Utilizing a multidimensional conceptualization of psychological ownership, our research elucidates the implications of this construct on organizational intelligence. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between psychological ownership and organizational intelligence, with creative deviance emerging as a crucial moderating variable. This research contributes to the extant literature by identifying key dimensions of psychological ownership and creative deviance, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the behaviors and characteristics of intelligent organizations. The study's outcomes have important implications for the development of strategies aimed at fostering innovation, informed decision-making, and organizational effectiveness. Humanity Publications 2019-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/how-an-intelligent-organization-behaves-analyzing-the-role-of-psychological-ownership-and-creative-deviance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395292 2020-03-30 gssr

Augumenting Task and Contextual Performance: Analysing the Critical role of Locus of Control for Sustainable Organizational Performance Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman Task Performance External Locus of Control Banking Sector of Pakistan Contextual Performance Middle-Level Managers The main purpose of the study was to find out how task and contextual performance within organizations can be improved so as to achieve sustainable organizational performance. The study indicates that increasing task performance, which is about good implementation of formal job responsibilities, might result in favorable outcomes for sustainable organizational performance. Similarly, promoting contextual performance, which involves extra-role behaviors contributing to efficient organization operation, may also improve sustainable organizational performance. However, essentially, the research is all about raising both dimensions. This study aims at exploring the relationship between External Locus of Control (LOC), task performance and contextual performance among employees. The research design used was descriptive while data for the study was collected using convenience sampling method from 170 middle level managers of banks in Pakistan. After collecting data using a modified questionnaire, IBM SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used to analyze it. To conduct this analysis regression analysis was applied. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies (LMS), National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2020-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/augumenting-task-and-contextual-performance-analysing-the-critical-role-of-locus-of-control-for-sustainable-organizational-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-I).70 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 5, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395512 2022-03-30 gssr

The Role of Discourse Analysis in Understanding Language Teaching and Learning Khalid Azim Khan Aziz Ullah Khan Ayyaz Mahmood Discourse Analysis Language Teaching Language Learning Pedagogy Education The role of Discourse Analysis (DA), which is important in teaching and learning language, is discussed in this paper. DA allows researchers to analyze speech and writing, shedding light on the social structures, power dynamics, and cultural contexts through which classroom lives are enacted. The presentation introduces DA and its theoretical bases and then discusses its educational use. Research has found that DA improves teaching through critical thinking and differentiated instruction. For example, it shows how specific classroom communication patterns and student engagement can stack up to improve outcomes. Through case studies, the paper presents practical insights into how DA shapes curriculum and pedagogy that includes students’ linguistic backgrounds. Finally, it concludes by asserting that incorporating DA into language classrooms fosters effective communication and cultivates the critical thinking skills necessary to navigate global interactions in a diverse society. Humanity Publications Consultant Academic Accreditation, Deanship of Development and Quality, Umm Al Qura University, Saudi Arabia. Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-discourse-analysis-in-understanding-language-teaching-and-learning https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395606 2022-03-30 gssr

Rise and Fall of Delhi Sultanate in India (1206-1526): An Analysis Safi Ullah Khan Marwat Shafaeen Latif Delhi Sultanate Political Instability Military Expansion Economic Decline Mongol Invasions Administrative Policies Cultural Synthesis Islamic Rule Indo-Persian Influence Mughal Conquest The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) of India played a pivotal role in shaping the political, social, and economic landscape of the Indian subcontinent. Established by Qutbuddin Aibak in 1206, the Sultanate saw the rise of several dynasties including the Mamluks, Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids, and Lodi. This study analyses the factors which contributed to the rapid expansion and eventual decline of the Delhi Sultanate. It highlights how military prowess, administrative innovations, and religious policies enabled the Sultans to consolidate power over vast territories. However, internal weaknesses, administrative inefficiencies, economic turmoil, and external invasions, including Timur's raid and Babur's conquest in 1526, accelerated its downfall. The study also explores the impact of Mongol threats, shifting alliances, and rebellions that weakened central authority. Furthermore, it assesses the socio-cultural legacy of the Sultanate, including architectural advancements, Persian influence, and the integration of Islamic and Indian traditions. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/rise-and-fall-of-delhi-sultanate-in-india-12061526-an-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395708 2016-06-30 gssr

The Future of Social Sciences in a Post-AI World Hafeez Ullah Khan future of social sciences AI and social sciences artificial intelligence in research As with all other spheres, including the area of healthcare and economics, artificial intelligence is proving yet another disruptor to social sciences. We discuss the problem of the changing role of social science disciplines in the world of AI dominance in this blog. The post goes into detail as to indicate where the future might take social scientists in a world surrounded by intelligent machines in areas involving changing research approaches, ethics and new methods of data analysis. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan 2016-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-future-of-social-sciences-in-a-postai-world https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2016(I-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 1, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395747 2019-06-30 gssr

US-Pakistan Relations Post 9/11: Impact on Domestic Political Stability Uroosa Ishfaq Muneeba Shahid Kashif Ashfaq US-Pakistan Relations Civil-Military Relations War On Terror Democratization Military Aid Governance Anti-Americanism Militancy. The security partnership that the United States and Pakistan developed following the events of September 11, 2001, is one of the most consequential and controversial bilateral relationships in the 21st century. This paper represents an in-depth analysis of the way in which the restructured alliance based on mutual military assistance and engagement in the war on terrorism conditions the intra-Pakistani political stability. The paper explores the foreign security alliances, military authority entrenchment, development of the governance systems, militant uprising, and changes in public opinion. It brings into view the paradoxical consequences: on the one hand, this alliance contributes to the increase of survival chances and operational capabilities of the state, yet on the other hand, it strengthens the political vulnerability, the pattern of civil-military imbalance, and extreme polarization of the society. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. Post-Graduate Scholar, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2019-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/uspakistan-relations-post-911-impact-on-domestic-political-stability https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).62 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 4, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395748 2018-09-30 gssr

The 18th Amendment and the Shift towards Provincial Autonomy: A Critical Analysis Uroosa Ishfaq Kashif Ashfaq Muneeba Shahid 18th Amendment Provincial Autonomy Federalism Decentralization Opportunities Challenges. This paper critically examines the 18th constitutional amendment of Pakistan, which is a revolutionary legal change and helped to see a huge adjustment of a federal form of government to provincial autonomy. The 18th Amendment provided for the abolition of the Concurrent Legislative List, the devolution of significant ministries, and reinforcement of intergovernmental institutions like the Council of Common Interests and the National Finance Commission. Although the amendment revitalized the federal spirit of the 1973 Constitution and gave the provinces the strength in legislative and fiscal areas, its early practice revealed the shortcomings in institutions and capacities. The paper concludes that sustainable federalism in Pakistan entails an enhanced level of intergovernmental coordination, institutional changes, and political commitment to handle the asymmetries between provinces. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Post-Graduate Scholar, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Post-Graduate Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-18th-amendment-and-the-shift-towards-provincial-autonomy-a-critical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-III).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 3 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395855 2017-06-30 gssr

Theoretical Understanding of Suicide: A Multifaceted Sociological, Economic, and Psychological Approach Nasar Khan Usra Suicide Theory. Sociological Economic Psychological Framed within a review-based design, this study synthesises existing theoretical explanations of suicidality. It offers economic, sociological, and psychological perspectives on suicidality. The conclusion is that sociological theories of suicide focus on the significance of the social environment, social relationships, and other socio-economic and cultural factors in the aetiology of suicide, providing an understanding from the viewpoint of social interaction. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour suggests that an individual will not die by suicide unless they have both the desire to do so and the ability to carry it out. For attempting suicide, feelings of burdensomeness and low belongingness alone are insufficient; instead, one must be capable of attempting it, meaning the ability to acquire lethal self-injury. Economic problems or insatiability are key factors contributing to an increase in suicide rates, with economic instability according to Durkheim encompassing both economic booms and recessions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Chitral, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Psychology, SBBWU (Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University), Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2017-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/theoretical-understanding-of-suicide-a-multifaceted-sociological-economic-and-psychological-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 2, Issue 1 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395919 2018-06-30 gssr

Qazi Courts, Jirga, and Panchayat: Informal Justice Systems Parallel ADR or Constitutional Problem? Kamran Abdullah Aisha Rasool Legal Pluralism Informal Justice ADR Jirga Panchayat Qazi Courts Constitutional Rights The Qazi-led dispute resolution, Jirga and Panchayat forums of informal justice continue to play a significant role in Pakistan as they offer cheaper, quicker, and more culturally intelligible channels of resolving disputes where formal courts are sluggish, expensive, and physically remote. This paper discusses nature of those mechanisms as parallel alternative dispute resolution (ADR) or a constitutional issue. The mixed-method study was based on an analysis of doctrinal rights and a qualitative mapping of practice of forums, which allows determining the procedural fairness, pathways of enforcement, and impact of rights on vulnerable groups. The evidence indicates that such forums can only be considered as legitimate ADR in cases where those involved join in proceedings, which are truly voluntary, such results are not punitive and significant exit to state courts is maintained. The article suggests controlled integration by means of court-mediated integration, minimum protection and prohibition of punitive and coercive measures.  Humanity Publications Lecture, Department of Shariah and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Senior Director Research and Publication, Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2018-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/qazi-courts-jirga-and-panchayat-informal-justice-systems-parallel-adr-or-constitutional-problem https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 3, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391178 2022-06-30 gssr

Students SES status and Test anxiety of the Undergraduate University Students Farah Shafiq Ahmad Bilal Cheema Saifullah Khan Socioeconomic Status Test Anxiety Undergraduate Students This paper was to study the relationship between socio economic status and test anxiety of undergraduate students. All the undergraduate students of all the departments of Sargodha University were the population. A sample pertaining 550 students were selected through multistage random including 181 male and 369 female students, selecting 50 students from 11 departments. Instruments were adapted socioeconomic status survey for students and Test Anxiety Scale (WTAS). After pilot testing both the instruments on 100 students, Cronbach Alpha value for WTAS was 0.79, and SACQ was 0.90. The study was descriptive and survey. Analysis of data was done through frequencies, means, percentages t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson r. The majority of students showed a moderate level of SES as well text anxiety, female undergraduate students are of higher SES level and text anxiety than males, and no relationship between SES and test anxiety of the undergraduate students was found. A recommendation is that students may be exposed to group projects, seminars and guidance, and counseling sessions regarding test anxiety. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government College Farooka, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/students-ses-status-and-test-anxiety-of-the-undergraduate-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391181 2022-06-30 gssr

Coinage of Code Meshed Numlianlect in BS English NUML Students' Informal University Discourse: A Plurilingual Study Zafar Ullah Muhamamd Farooq Aalam Language Variation Numlianlect Code-mixing Code Meshing Plurlingualism The first time such a newly emerged linguistic variety has been documented at NUML, Islamabad. This language variation means morphological, semantic, connotative deviations from standard linguistic norms. Contact linguistics, code meshing, diversified linguistic backgrounds and their colloquialism play their vital roles in shaping Numlianlect of BS English. The research problem faced by learners of super standard language is that they do not comprehend the newly code meshed discourse in the informal settings of NUML. So, this research raises questions about the exploration of linguistic variations, their formulation process and their denotative and connotative semantic shades. To answer these questions, qualitative and survey-based research design has been employed. The collected data have been analyzed with Labov and Weinreich's Variation Theory (1960). Major findings reveal that students mix English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Urdu words to produce variant code-meshed linguistic patterns. Connotation, semantic shades and contexts of words have been changed by students. Humanity Publications Instructor Virtual University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, NUML, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/coinage-of-code-meshed-numlianlect-in-bs-english-numl-students-informal-university-discourse-a-plurilingual-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391191 2022-06-30 gssr

Impact of Servant Leadership and Organizational Culture on Work Engagement: An Empirical Analysis Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman Syeda Unzilla Shah Arif Masih Khokhar Organizational Culture Servant Leadership Employee Performance The study's goal is to see how servant leadership and corporate culture affect work engagement. While leadership has been proven to have an impact, the effect and procedure underlying work engagement has attracted scant attention. Despite the fact that servant leadership followers are more inclined to be involved, this is especially relevant of servant leadership. We investigate the role organizational culture plays like a potential mediator in the study below, seeking to discover whether servant leadership builds organizational culture that, as a result, enhances work engagement. Overall,we find strong evidence suggesting servant leadership can forecast organizational culture along with the other extensions related to job engagement which include dedication, absorption and vigor, while organizational culture, undermines the effect of servant leadership style. Lastly,all three components of work engagement are positively related to an organization's culture. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-servant-leadership-and-organizational-culture-on-work-engagement-an-empirical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391195 2022-06-30 gssr

A Sociolinguistic Study of Taboos and Euphemisms Surrounding Pakistani Females' Daily Issues Ayesha Izhar Chaudhri Tazanfal Tehseem Barirah Nazir Euphemism Gender Studies Orthophemism Sociolinguistics Taboo This research paper is an endeavor to delineate various linguistic taboos about women's physiology with a focus on both the categories and functions of taboos in Pakistani society. The aim is to bring forth myriad euphemistic expressions employed in print media. The paper contests that taboos are moderated at the expanse of society's cultural and religious norms.It also offers a rationale behind the popular use of euphemistic expressions for Pakistani Females' daily issues. Allan and Burridge's (2006) theoretical framework furnished the basic framework for the analysis of different euphemistic expressions. The data for the study comprises thirteen different English newspaper articles published in the last six years (2016-2021). The data analysis revealed that euphemisms could connote multiple shades of meaning ranging from shame, disgust, exasperation, and upliftment. It was established that euphemisms operate along dysphemism and orthophemisminterchangeably depending on the context in which they appeared. Humanity Publications Lecturer, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-sociolinguistic-study-of-taboos-and-euphemisms-surrounding-pakistani-females-daily-issues https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391196 2022-06-30 gssr

Perception about Body Image Media Advertisements among Female Students in Twin Cities, Pakistan Qaisar Khan Sher Akbar Kiran Tauseef Body Positivity Body Shaming Media Campaigns Mental Health Self-esteem This study is about positive body image campaigns broadcasted on Pakistani television which have attained much attention for creating awareness about women's body shaming. Media conveys and promotes socio-cultural values and societal stereotypes pertaining to body shape and size that create the perception of the ideal man and woman among individuals. Therefore, body image has become an important issue for one's self-esteem, and mental and physical health, especially among women. This study investigates the perception of body image media advertisements among female students in twin cities, Pakistan. More specifically, the study analyzes six selected media advertisement campaigns displayed on TV channels. All these selected media campaigns share one common motive i.e. awareness of body positivity. The selected campaigns have been launched by different brands through a series of video advertisements to promote their products/collections during the last five years. The study applied a quantitative approach to obtain the opinions of N=282 Pakistani female students from 5 universities. Results were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the selected advertisement campaigns possessed effective characteristics. Humanity Publications Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Arts and Media Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/perception-about-body-image-media-advertisements-among-female-students-in-twin-cities-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391197 2022-06-30 gssr

Social Justice in Higher Education: Revisited, Practices, and Grievances Ghulam Dastgir Khuda Bakhsh Social Justice Higher Education Social Oppression Injustice Human Rights Social justice is a fundamental concern for ideal social structure and human rights. To develop social order and philosophical discourses, higher education is one of the holistic approaches to educating it. It elevates the level of idealized modern state formation among students. The present study was designed to examine the contexts of students about practices and malpractices of social justice in higher education. The quantitative approach was adopted to gather the data from 630 university graduates. All the data were gathered through a self-made questionnaire. The findings of the study explained that the participants were not satisfied with practices of social justice in higher education. Most of the participants expressed malpractices of social norms.Especially female students claimed their injustice experiences in higher education. The researcher recommended bold recommendations to uphold the social justice in higher education departments Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/social-justice-in-higher-education-revisited-practices-and-grievances https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391202 2022-06-30 gssr

Analyzing the Head Teacher and School Performance with the Lens of Head Teachers' Qualification Muhammad Nadeem Anwar Abida Parveen Khaliq Rizwan Head-teachers Qualification Performance Secondary Schools It is assumed that the qualification plays an important role in performing any task. This study was carried out to investigate the performance of schools and head-teachers in concern with head teacher's qualification. The performance of head-teachers was measured as viewed by their teachers so secondary school teachers were the source of data for this study. The population was divided into two strata based on levels of qualification. It was descriptive-cum-correlational survey and a self-developed questionnaire was administered to 384 teachers to solicited information about the performance of their head-teachers in different administrative tasks. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Witney U-test was used to compare two groups' means to test the hypothesis. Analysis revealed that in the majority of administrative tasks (seven out of ten) the performance of head-teachers who had more than 16-yearsqualification was significantly better and their school results were also found good than their counterpart. Both the hypotheses were rejected and it could be gleaned that high qualifications of head-teachers were effective because they are good in administering the tasks that augmented towards better school performance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. Lecture, Department of Education, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-the-head-teacher-and-school-performance-with-the-lens-of-head-teachers-qualification https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391203 2022-06-30 gssr

The Role of Salience and Common Grounds in Intercultural Communication: A Descriptive Study Hajra Arshad Ejaz Mirza Memona Fida Jokes Salience lexical Issues Culture Socio-Cognitive Approach Interpreting Humour Jokes are specific discourses that contain cultural, historical and region-specific references. In order to understand the salience of these discourses, the common ground of interlocutors is significantly important. The current study explores how non-natives English speakers comprehend English jokes. In addition, it aims to know the difficulties and the lexical issues encountered by Pakhtoon and Sindhi participants in interpreting English jokes. The researchers used a mixed-method approach for this study. The population of this study includes Pakhtoon and Sindhi undergraduate students.A sample of 20 students was selected and two types of tools were used to check the English jokes comprehension skills of participants. The socio-cognitive approach is used as a theoretical framework and the results of quantitative data were presented with the help of pie charts. Results of this study show that ethnic, religious, racial, and jokes having historic references are difficult to understand. Individuals' social knowledge of English culture is important for comprehending English jokes. Knowledge of semantic expressions, ample knowledge and wisdom of culture-specific words and idioms are important for identifying the salience aspects of English jokes. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-salience-and-common-grounds-in-intercultural-communication-a-descriptive-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391204 2022-06-30 gssr

Relationship Between the Kinematical Factors and The Ball Velocity of the Penalty Corner Drag-Flick in Field Hockey Rabia Wali Yasmeen Iqbal Kinematics Ball Velocity Drag Flick Penalty Corner Hockey The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of the kinematical factors with the ball velocity of the drag flick performance of the national elite players in field hockey. To attain this purpose, 64 drag flicks of sixteen players were recorded and analyzed through the VICON motion capture system and MATLAB software. The descriptive statistics and Spear man correlation were computed for statistical analysis. The mean ball velocity of the drag-flicks of the female and male players were 21.31±3.53 m/sand 15.10±4.02 m/s, respectively. The ball dragging length, ball dragging velocity, stance width, left-knee angle and left elbow angle had a significant correlation with the ball velocity. The subjects maximize dragging length,dragging velocity and stance width while minimizing their left-right knee angles for high velocity. Players and coaches should emphasize ball dragging length, dragging velocity and stance width to improve the drag flick performance. Humanity Publications Department of Physical Education, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-the-kinematical-factors-and-the-ball-velocity-of-the-penalty-corner-dragflick-in-field-hockey https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:391205 2022-06-30 gssr

Impact of Religious Tourism on the Development of Smokeless Industry in Pakistan Naila Masood Ahmad Ramsha Sohail Muhammad Masood Ahmad Religious Tourism Kartarpur Corridor Smokeless Industry Economic Development Religious Harmony The purpose of this research paper is to examine the Impact of Religious Tourism on the development 'smokeless industry' that has the potential of igniting significant economic activity, thus creating employment,generating investment, and reducing poverty. The present study is descriptive in nature. Data were collected in view of facts reported in the secondary sources, including news items, national and international reports on tourism,books, journals as well as information gathered from interaction with the local people. The present study not only underscore the prospective implications of religious tourism in the country but also explores the challenges pervading the religious tourism sector in Pakistan. The findings of the present research paper indicate the below-par performance of concerned agencies was the main hindrance to promote tourism in Pakistan. Moreover, the key issues are non-development and maintenance of tourist spots, negative projection of security situation, visa restrictions, inadequate infrastructure, sub-standard transportation, and poor health services, which are badly affected religious tourism. This research paper will be assisted the policymakers in improving travel procedures and providing safety and security to the tourists in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Business Studies Department, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan. M. Phil. Scholar, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan. Chief Instructor, National Institute of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-religious-tourism-on-the-development-of-smokeless-industry-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Thematic Analysis of The Wandering Falcon: A Representative Pakistani Anglophone Fiction Barirah Nazir Aneela Gill Muhammad Riaz Khan The Wandering Falcon Pakistani Anglophone Fiction Pakistani literature in English Jamil Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon (2011) offers a striking example of the ways in which historical and political contexts impact the reception of Pakistani Anglophone fiction due to its unique publication history. Ahmad creates a correlation between identity, language, and physiognomy of individuals through Tor Baz, whose identity continuously passes through the process of change in the frigid tribal culture. This paper raises questions regarding how a literary text achieves commercial success and how the geopolitical context of both its setting and the location of the author affects the publication and reception of the work. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer in English, BZU Bahadur Sub-campus, Layyah, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/thematic-analysis-of-the-wandering-falcon-a-representative-pakistani-anglophone-fiction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study to Investigate the Sustainability Consciousness of Prospective Teachers Ayesha Nousheen Farkhanda Tabassum Sustainability Consciousness Student-teachers Education for Sustainable Development The current study investigates the student-teachers' sustainability consciousness in the Pakistan context. For this purpose, public sector universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region offering four years undergraduate teacher-education programs were selected. The population of the current study were all the 1259 student-teachers studying in these public sector universities. A total population sampling technique was utilized due to the limited number of student-teachers in these universities. Data were collected from 753 student-teachers on the sustainability consciousness questionnaire developed by Gericke et al. (2019). An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to ascertain any difference in student-teachers' sustainability consciousness based on their gender and semester of study. The results suggest that there was a significant difference in student-teachers environmental and social consciousness. However, no difference was found in the economic consciousness among the student-teachers. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-to-investigate-the-sustainability-consciousness-of-prospective-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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FDI and Wage Nexus: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan Qamer un-Nisa Jabbar Ul-Haq Nazia Nazeer Foreign Direct Investment; Wage Premium; Manufacturing Sector; Pakistan Foreign capital inflows resulted in overall economic growth in many countries, but there are many concerns about its distributive effects,especially on fluctuating wages, which are still being investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic industry wages using micro-level data from Pakistan from 1996-97 to 2007-08. Foreign firms are expected to pay higher wages than that domestic firms in order to attract more labor; thus, if foreign and domestic firms compete in the same labor market, domestic firms would pay higher wages to recruit jobs, resulting in rising average domestic industry wages. The empirical analysis also shows that in Pakistan, FDI inflows raise industry wage premiums.The findings of the study are robust by the inclusion of various globalization and sector-related variables. To reap higher wages, Pakistan's government should promote FDI at the industry level. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/fdi-and-wage-nexus-evidence-from-the-manufacturing-sector-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Analysis of Single Nation Curriculum with the Previous National Curriculum Jabreel Asghar Asif Ahmad Single Nation Curriculum Curriculum Assessment Teaching Methodology Pedagogy The current paper critically reviews the Single Nation Curriculum to verify the claims made by the document after its launching in 2020 as being the first policy document for educational reformation at the national level after several decades. The analysis compares the document with the National Curriculum (2006) which has been acknowledged as the main reference document in the preparation of the Single Nation Curriculum. The paper analyses various sections of the document, with a focus on English language teaching, to expose that the new curriculum is only an imitation of the previous 2006 curriculum without introducing any significant change in the policy, content, and methodology. The paper hopes to raise awareness among the policymakers and authors of SNC about establishing connections between research and practice, hence augmenting professional development with a focus on improved practices in the area of education and curriculum development. Humanity Publications Faculty Member, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Assistant Professor, Begum Nusrat Bhutto University for Women, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-single-nation-curriculum-with-the-previous-national-curriculum https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Built Heritage of Mansehra Through the Ages and Prospects of Tourism Adnan Anwar Junaid Bashir Anas Mahmud Arif Mansehra Heritage Tourism Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan The district of Mansehra, which is located on the historic Silk Road,has a long history of traditions. Several dynasties governed this region in the past, leaving their footprints in the form of heritage remnants. Hindus, Muslims,Sikhs, and British are the most noticeable among them. The current paper examines a few of these monuments and makes recommendations for how they may be used as tourist attractions. The current state of most structures is deplorable, and comprehensive conservation and tourist management strategy are urgently needed to optimize the benefits of cultural legacy. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/built-heritage-of-mansehra-through-the-ages-and-prospects-of-tourism https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Human Capital and Foreign Remittances in Pakistan Muhammad Yasir Nadeem Ahmed Raza Cheema Human Capital Education Foreign Remittances Per Capita Income Pakistan This study analyzes the effects of foreign remittance on human capital by using the pooled data collected from HIES data sets, from 1998/99 to 2018/19. Two proxies (e.g., 1- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 15 years and above, 2- mean years-of-schooling with age equal to 25 and above) are used for human capital. The panel data techniques, like Fixed effect,Random effect model, GLS regression, and Panel corrected standard error regression, are used. The results show a significant positive relationship between human capital measured in terms of both proxies and foreign remittances in overall Pakistan, but human capital in terms of the first proxy has a statistically significant association with foreign remittances in an urban and rural area, in terms of the second proxy, significant in urban, but not in rural areas. Per-capita-income has statistically significant positive effects on human capital in terms of both proxies in rural areas but does not have a significant effect in urban areas. It is recommended that the Government should formulate policies that can maximize the inflow of foreign remittances in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/human-capital-and-foreign-remittances-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Analytical Study of Iqbal's Connection with Kashmir Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Umer Yaqoob Iqbal Connection Kashmir Poetry Freedom Struggle Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a great figure of the Islamic world and the west in the 20th century. Iqbal was a philosopher, politician, Islamic scholar and a great poet. Iqbal has always spoken of love, brotherhood and tolerance. Iqbal was of Kashmiri descent, a true friend of Kashmir, a compassionate man and a great liberal leader. He took an active part in the freedom struggle of Kashmiris against slavery. Iqbal awakened a new consciousness, enthusiasm, eagerness and passion in Kashmiris with his painful voice and poetry. He was greatly influenced by Kashmiri personalities Sultan Shahab-ud-Din, Syed Ali Hamdani, and Ghani Kashmiri. This article is are search document based on an analytical study of Iqbal's personality and his correlation to Kashmir. In this study, the primary and the secondary data isused to bring out the facts. Humanity Publications Junior Lecturer/Research Associate, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Kashmir Studies, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-analytical-study-of-iqbals-connection-with-kashmir https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparison and Analysis of Health Care Delivery System: Pakistan Versus Russia Shaheen Nazakat Muhammad Sajid Delivery System Health Care Pakistan Russia Health Care Delivery System, also abbreviated as HCDS, is a system devised by the state for the proper delivery of health care for their populations.This is a service providing system in which society's health is determined and steps are taken to maintain it. The aim of this article is to compare the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) of Pakistan and Russia. This research article presents the basic concept behind the health care delivery systems of two countries to take notice of the importance of human beings and take steps to maintain and promote the healthy life of the people of the community.Findings show the efficacy of this HCDS varies with the resources, demands and needs of the individuals along with the availability of finances. All the participants of a community receive the healthcare services continuously including health promotion, prevention of diseases, diagnosis and disease management, followed by rehab with palliative care. All of these are delivered at different levels of the system, at different sites of care as per the requirement of the users. Humanity Publications College of Nursing, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparison-and-analysis-of-health-care-delivery-system-pakistan-versus-russia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring the relationship between digital literacy skills and Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) among secondary school teachers Ruzina khan Fariha Gul Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge TPACK digital pedagogy Digital Literacy (DL) There is an increasing demand for teachers to present technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in their classrooms with the help of their digital literacy skills (DLS). Though the teachers at the secondary school level are provided with digital gadgets, however, the teachers are still struggling with the use of digital tools during the teaching-learning process. Lack of digital literacy might be the cause of this reluctance, so the current study aims to explore the relationship between the digital literacy skills of teachers with respect to Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK).Data was collected from four hundred school teachers through Digital Literacy Scale (DSL) and TPACK inventory. The results indicate a low level of digital literacy and knowledge of TPACK, identified through descriptive statistics.However, a significantly positive relationship was identified through a significant correlation relationship ((r =.587, p equal or less then .001) between both variables.On the basis of results, more trainings are recommended for teachers on both digital literacy and content pedagogy. Humanity Publications MPhil Graduate, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-relationship-between-digital-literacy-skills-and-technological-pedagogical-and-content-knowledge-tpack-among-secondary-school-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unveil the Dilemma: Run Away Children Bushra Yasmeen Muhammad Ramzan Shadab Iqbal Runaway Children Violence at Home School/Work Place Socioeconomic Status Poverty "Runaway children" is a growing issue. Print, electronic, and social media highlighted and reported many cases daily. Multidimensional factors are responsible. This study aims to highlight the factors responsible behind and to suggest solutions for families and persons concerned. The assessment of the factors is based on the statements of runaway children. The empirical work focused on 50 children aging from 9 years to 17 years. Structured interviews were carried out. The results indicate that the highest proportion of runaway children was due to violence at home, at school/madras, and at the workplace.Punishments, violence against children, poverty, and strict behavior were pointed out as major causes. Soft and friendly behavior, provision of basic needs including education, parents' guidance, violence free environment without punishment play a role in minimizing the incidence. Extra curricular activities - sports, Boy Scout, and Girl Guide are the key at the school level. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, School of Sociology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, School of Sociology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/unveil-the-dilemma-run-away-children https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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International Commercial Arbitration: Ambiguities Pertaining to Choice of Law, Recognition and Effects of Lis Alibi Pendens Aamir Abbas Atika Lohani Samza Fatima Commercial Arbitration Choice of Law Lis Alibi Pendens Enforcement of Foreign Awards The lack of legal instruments and regulations pertaining to the coordination of the arbitral awards and the decisions of courts highlights problems facing the implementation of arbitral awards in foreign jurisdictions.Since commercial arbitration is a discourse of international character which invariably involves parties from different jurisdictions, the case resultantly gives rise to issues such as conflict of laws, choice of laws and multiplicity of proceedings on the same cause of action. This situation allows parties to commence litigation at multiple forums, paving a way for issues like that of Lis Alibi Pendens to arise. This paper examines the principle of Lis Alibi Pendens in commercial arbitration and also assesses its application in different jurisdictions in general and in the context of Pakistan in particular. This article analyses existing cases and regulations on this subject and provides for an adequate level of understanding, certainty and reliability which is required by the parties in commercial arbitration. It also expounds on ambiguities and complex issues in order to equip policy makers and practitioners to better understand such concerns. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, College of Law, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/international-commercial-arbitration-ambiguities-pertaining-to-choice-of-law-recognition-and-effects-of-lis-alibi-pendens https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study to Investigate the Issues Facing Teachers in ECE Assessment Hina Akbar Shabana Manzoor Hafiza Gulnaz Fatima ECE Assessment Challenges Students Teachers Education This research was undertaken to investigate the problems teachers experience in ECE assessment. A qualitative research design with semi-structured interviewing was undertaken. The study's intent was to identify the assessment techniques used by ECE teachers to assess their students' learning during class. All primary level private schools in urban areas of Lahore were considered as the population of the study. Ten ECE teachers were selected by using a purposive sampling technique from the private school sector of Lahore.The data was analyzed through thematic analysis by using open and axial coding techniques. The major findings were that teachers used different assessments such as small class tasks, question answer techniques and observational techniques. The study revealed that the major issues teachers in ECE assessment were facing were students' individual differences, their level of understanding, their family background and lack of resources. Humanity Publications Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore College for Women University, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-to-investigate-the-issues-facing-teachers-in-ece-assessment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Investigating Marginalization, Loss, Trauma and Resilience of Third World Women in Joshi's Henna The Artist Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ahmad Ramsha Zabta Marginalization Self-Identity Cultural Identity Trauma and Resilience of Third World Women. The current research elegantly examines the majority of the time,enveloping the reader in a dreamscape of currencies, parrots, and exquisite meals. Joshi's narrating technique is captivating and the time passes quickly in the globe she has created. Nevertheless, her prose occasionally devolves into elaborate cramps and there are omissions and inconsistencies in her portrayal of the class structure in 1950s India, especially regarding ladies. Reading this straight historical fiction is a mistake; writing about class in a reliable or full of thought thinking will compose more about brutality and injustice. The current class and religious character issues in India are a section of the goal the state is in disorder today. Nevertheless, the study of Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind, where a blameless Black Lives Matter strike is taking place, has the same effect. Humanity Publications Lecturer in English, Govt. Graduate College, Chowk Azam Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in English, KAIMS International Law College Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Head of English Department, KAIMS International Institute Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-marginalization-loss-trauma-and-resilience-of-third-world-women-in-joshis-henna-the-artist https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Nasalization in the Urdu Language: Assimilation and Gemination Patterns of Words Having /n/ Phoneme Anam Shahid Taiyyiba Bibi Mubashir Iqbal Nasalization Assimilation Gemination Phoneme Nasal Sound This study aims to explore the assimilation and germination phenomenon of words having "/n/". The auto segment-al Theory of (Goldsmith,1976) is used as a theoretical framework. (Alkumet, 2020) have elaborated‘Auto segment-al theory that phonetics presentation is an aggregation of supra-segment-al parts of speech, which have some initial problem of how the multiple levels of sequences can be related or linked. This research shows that "/n/" in words having "/n/" and "/b/" combination at the word middle level tend to assimilate into "/m/", but the combination remains intact at word initial and final level and germination of "/n/" is speaker-dependent. Celata, Calamai, Ricci, and Bertini (2013) have manifested the role of style and placement of phoneme in a word is crucial for a sound to get assimilated. It has been elucidated that groups of people sharing the same cultural schema and level of education tend to speak differently. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/Nasalization-in-the-Urdu-Language https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Politics of Alliances During Ayub's Era of Controlled Democracy (1958-1969) Iltaf Khan Safina Attia Quresh Political Parties Alliances Political System Opposition Election Authoritarian Dictatorship The political system of Pakistan is comprised of a multi-party system; therefore, the formation of alliances and counter alliances by the political parties is a common feature of its political culture. Pakistan's political history reveals that alliances are formed against authoritarian military regimes.The alliances were also formed to cope with the civilian administration of popular leaders, as they are accused of benefiting from rigged elections, and authoritarian policies and being responsible for the economic crisis. During the military regime of Ayub Khan, the opposition alliances succeeded in removing Field Marshal Ayub Khan from the presidency as he failed to cope with its pressure in the late 1960s. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of these political alliances during the martial law regime of Ayub Khan.To what extent are they sincere in their cause of developing a viable political system in the country? What circumstances led to the formation of these alliances? What was the impact of these alliances on the Pakistani political spectrum? The present study has attempted to answer some of these questions. Humanity Publications Subject Specialist in Pakistan Study, Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar (Pakistan Study), Qurtaba University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in Pakistan Studies, Women University Swabi, Swabi, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-politics-of-alliances-during-ayubs-era-of-controlled-democracy-19581969 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development and Validation of Students' Learning Experiences (SLE) Scale at Higher Education Level Muhammad Ihsan Muhammad Shahid Farooq Students Learning Experiences Campus Experiences Outside Classroom Learning Experiences Higher Education. Instrument Developmen This study aimed at the development and validation of a research instrument for students learning experiences (SLE) at the higher education level in the public sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected on three constructs as students learning experiences inside the classroom,outside the classroom and on-campus. The factors in students learning experiences inside the classroom factors like teacher interaction, assessment and feedback, and peer group discussion were measured. The factors of outside classroom learning experiences as cultural diversity, library and learning resources and conferences, seminars and webinars were measured. The simple random sampling technique was applied in the department of education,psychology and sociology in six public universities in Punjab to collect data.The tryout of the instrument was conducted on 200 students' samples to measure the content validity and reliability. The expert opinion was sought from the University of Sargodha and the University of Punjab Lahore. The Cronbach alpha reliability was .95, which showed the instrument is reliable.Having pilot tested the instrument. Data were collected from 1024 male and female students. The questionnaire comprised 42 items. Structure Equation Model (SEM) was used to validate the instrument using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The Cronbach alpha and SEM results indicated that students learning experiences resulted in fit indices as an acceptable model. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Professor and Chairman DASE, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/development-and-validation-of-students-learning-experiences-sle-scale-at-higher-education-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Influence of Ethical Leadership on DSIW of Employees: A Study on Healthcare Workers Sehrish Ilyas Ghulam Abid Ethical leadership COVID-19 DSIW POS COVID-19 has brought severe impacts on societies for a protracted period of time. The purpose of the current study is to examine the antecedents of societal behavior in employees to enable them to bring positive change to societal well-being through their work. Drawing on the signalling theory, the current study investigated the association between ethical leadership and the desire to have a significant impact through work (DSIW) via the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Data were collected through doctors and nurses delivering their services in the health sector in large cities of Pakistan. The findings of the current study envisaged that ethical leadership style has a direct influence on the DSIW of employees. Moreover, study findings show that POS plays a vital role in ascertaining the association between ethical leadership style and employees' DSIW. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the study findings. Humanity Publications Department of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration % Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Business Studies, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/influence-of-ethical-leadership-on-dsiw-of-employees-a-study-on-healthcare-workers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Workplace Environment and Job Satisfaction of Academicians; A Cross-Sectional Analysis Muhammad Hamad Sarwar Tariq Mahmood Khan Muhammad Naveed Jabbar Workplace Environment Job Satisfaction Academicians The prime objective of this study was to determine the effect of the workplace environment on the job satisfaction of teaching faculty. This study was quantitative and based on a cross-sectional research design. In this study,the workplace environment was used as an independent variable, while the job satisfaction of the teachers was treated as the dependent variable. The population of the study was public secondary school teachers in Punjab. At the same time, 304 respondents were selected as a sample through a simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by research tool through a survey method. The findings of the study show that there was a positive and significant correlation between workplace Environment with job satisfaction.Moreover, there was a positive and moderate effect of workplace environment on job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. The study is beneficial to uplift secondary education through innovative strategies. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, Leadership & Management Superior University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Head of the Department of Education, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/workplace-environment-and-job-satisfaction-of-academicians-a-crosssectional-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Is FinTech a Savior in COVID-19? Evidence from an Emerging Economy Khurram Ashfaq Adil Riaz Usman Haider FinTech Use Perceived Risk Social Influence Perceived Benefits Perceived Trust etc. This research empirically examines the factors affecting the intention to use FinTech applications during the pandemic situation. The convenient sampling of the research comprised 546 individual respondents from different cities in Pakistan. The research results indicate that perceived benefits and social influence have significantly affected the customer's intentions to use FinTech applications during the covid-19 pandemic.Customers' intentions to utilize FinTech apps are unaffected by perceived technology risks. Furthermore, the findings show that attitude influences the relationship between social influence and perceived consumer trust. To ensure confidence, FinTech service providers should make sure their solutions are simple to use, meet demands, and protect clients' data. This will favourably influence consumers' adoption. Humanity Publications College of Commerce Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Government College University Faisalabad (Sub-Campus Hafizabad), Punjab, Pakistan M.Phil. Scholar, College of Commerce, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/is-fintech-a-savior-in-covid19-evidence-from-an-emerging-economy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analysing Household Determinants of Poverty Eradication: A Microdata Analysis Jazib Mumtaz Sayed Irshad Hussain Zulfiqar Ali Keeryo Poverty Inequality Probit Capability Approach The current study is an attempt to explore the micro determinants of poverty eradication in Pakistan. The probit model has been used on the data obtained from Pakistan Standard Living Measurement Survey 2019-20. The results indicate that access to drinking water, availability of sanitation and hygiene facilities, holding an agricultural land, having livestock in possession,household size and being a native of the area reduce the predictive probability of being poor. Other variables such as cash transfers, receiving foreign remittances and being self-employed also have a positive impact on poverty eradication. Poverty Trends are analyzed using three cycles of data from 2008-08, 2015-16 and 2019-20, which further reveals an increase in absolute poverty. Government should increase spending on socioeconomic programs with special emphasize on land distribution in rural areas. Social safety nets in the form of cash transfers and foreign remittances would support the vulnerable in the event of external shocks. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Faculty of Social Science, SZABIST, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Social Science, SZABIST, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. PhD Economics, Ex-Economic Growth Advisor, Research and Training Wing, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analysing-household-determinants-of-poverty-eradication-a-microdata-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Social and Political Suppression of Common People in the Current Developing Countries in the Context of George Orwell's Novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984) Raees Khan Farooq Shah Saddam Ul Islam Totalitarianism 1984. Slavery Exploitation Surveillance Propaganda Control Marxism The study examines the nexus of the ruling party's slogans in the state of Oceania, "war is peace, ignorance is strength, freedom is slavery" in George Orwell's novel 1984 to the present societies in developing countries, using the lens of Marxism. Sufyan Al-Dmour states; Three different classes are present in the depicted novel: the ruling class, which is echoed by the Inner Party; Outer Party represents the middle class, the Proles consist of the working class (SufyanAl-Dmour, 2020). The class system is dominating all over the world, specifically in developing countries. MacCartney and Zaidi argue; It was the military-bureaucratic control of a few influential figures, with the three classes which kept what can be called Pakistan's political setup. (McCartney, Zaidi, 2019). Common people in 1984 were severely penalized for who exerted to think or act differently. The pertinence of the slogan "freedom is slavery" in 1984 is still dominant in developing societies. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/social-and-political-suppression-of-common-people-in-the-current-developing-countries-in-the-context-of-george-orwells-novel-nineteen-eightyfour-1984 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Biometric Attendance Management System: A University Perspective Inayatullah Kakepoto Niaz Ahmed Bhutto Aamir Iqbal Umrani Biometric Attendance Management System University Perspective Employees working in the workplace are electronically monitored in this digital age of globalization and digitization. Managing attendance by old-style methods is a tedious job putting signatures on attendance registers these days. Universities working under the influence of digitization have adopted bio metric attendance management systems. This study is an attempt to study the advantages and disadvantages of a bio metric attendance management system installed in the context of a university. The convenience research approach was employed as a research design to carry this research. It is qualitative research, and the data gathering gadget was the observation and discussion method. Researchers observed bio metric attendance management system operation critically and minutely for around two months and noted various modes and behaviors drawing outcomes. Findings displayed that the bio metric attendance management system has certain advantages and disadvantages. Advantages encompassed real-time in and out tracking, easy attendance record maintenance, work performance improvement, and controlling employee absenteeism. Conversely, disadvantages comprised job stress, disturbance due to load shedding of electricity, fear of salary deduction,and delay reaching to classes. Humanity Publications Department of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Sociology, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Department of Business Administration, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/biometric-attendance-management-system-a-university-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultivating Global Citizenship among Secondary School Students: Pre-Service Teachers' Beliefs Tayyaba Khalid Yaar Muhammad Malahat Siddiqui Citizenship education; Global Citizenship; Pre-service teachers; Phenomenological case study Global citizenship entails individuals having an immaculate sense of duty towards the benefit of all societies and just not to their own. This qualitative study explored the beliefs of 16 pre-service teachers about global citizenship, its impact on secondary school students, the framework of action they intend to use in cultivating global citizenship, and the strategic involvement of stakeholders in cultivating global citizenship among secondary school students. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers,though they had a limited understanding of the concept, believed that global citizenship education might foster critical thinking, decision making, and problem-solving skills among the students, thus making it crucial for teachers, policymakers, and curriculum developers to harness curriculum and skills for publishing the concept. We argue that pre-service teachers should be provided in-depth awareness about global citizenship and understanding of the strategies to cultivate global citizenship so that they can effectively encourage this among secondary school students Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Government College University for Women, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan Research Associate, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultivating-global-citizenship-among-secondary-school-students-preservice-teachers-beliefs https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Posthumanism and Dystopian Biotechnologies: A Subtext of Ideological Maneuvering and Construction of Imploded Identities in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go Muhammad Mahmood Ahmad Shaheen Sohail Ahmad Saeed Ahmad Naeem Clones Commodification Dystopian Biotechnologies Implosion Identity Ideological Maneuvering Other Social Stratification. Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go (Never) exposes the oppressive role of ideology in imploding human identity through societal training, education, and the social roles of clones in the human world. Cloning is another marvel of biotechnology which has given birth to many optimistic as well as pessimistic narratives. The post human narrative is central to dystopia as it tends to put forward the regressive use of biotechnology that has the potential to disrupt the essential human identity and implement a sort of reduction-ism which manifest gratification and conformity. The desire to indoctrinate conformity indicates the late capitalistic tactics of commodification which results in an identity implosion. The paper asserts that ideological maneuvering and construction of imploded identities are exhibited through dystopian bio-technologies in the agency of post humanism, which represent com-modified identity politics. The post human, in this context, serves as the Other of stratified human identity. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government Sadiq Egerton Graduate College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KP, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/posthumanism-and-dystopian-biotechnologies-a-subtext-of-ideological-maneuvering-and-construction-of-imploded-identities-in-kazuo-ishiguros-never-let-me-go https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exchange Rate, Monetary Policy and Balance of Trade: An Empirical Investigation of Pakistan Allah Bux Lakhan Zulfiqar Ali Keeryo Jazib Mumtaz Trade Balance Exchange Rate Annual Data The current study investigates the real influence of the rate of exchange in real terms, GDP in real terms, money supply and infrastructure on the balance of trade in Pakistan by employing Johnson co-integration and ECM. The real GDP and infrastructure positively affected mini missing the gap of trade deficit to improve the trade performance of the economy of Pakistan.In contrast, the factor of effective exchange rate and money supply negatively affected on trade deficit of the country. The rate of R-Square is 0.85, it tells that 85 percent variation in the balance of trade is captured by independent variables.The important recommendation of this research is that the exchange rate should be stable and consistent with the equilibrium path. The negative ECM value of -40 obviously pointed out that there is a 40 percent convergence of the total said parameters in mini missing the gap of trade deficit for the economy of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Government Degree College Ghotki, Sindh, Pakistan. Economic Growth Advisor, Research and Training Wing, Planning and Development Department, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Sindh, Pakista PhD Scholar, Department of Social Sciences Economics, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exchange-rate-monetary-policy-and-balance-of-trade-an-empirical-investigation-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Organizational Innovation Management: Traces from Previous Literature Saima Ulfat Amani Moazzam Yaamina Salman Components of Innovative Behavior Innovation Management Innovative Roles This review study consolidates the academic research on innovation management literature in relation to the innovative behaviour of employees.This study is based on a systematic review of the literature published on the topic of innovation management and employees' roles during the last 36 years(from 1990-2022). This review comprises '118' studies, including Empirical papers, Review papers and Conceptual papers. Various research streams and perspectives are extracted from the consideration set of this study as components of innovative behaviour, including Determinants of innovative behaviour and Dimensions of innovative behaviour. Also, numerous measures of both determinants and dimensions of innovative behaviours are studied during the narrative analysis of the selected articles. A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Innovative Roles of Employees in Organizational Innovation Management is mentioned as a finding of this study. In the end, the study's contribution, implications and limitations are stated. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/organizational-innovation-management-traces-from-previous-literature https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Anxiety and Academic Performance of Undergraduate University Students Muhammad Naveed Khalid Farah Shafiq Mushtaq Ahmad Anxiety Academic Performance &amp; Undergraduate University Students Aim of the study was to find out the relationship between anxiety with academic performance of undergraduate university students. The study was conducted for the objectives; (i) to find out the anxiety level of undergraduate university students. (ii) to identify the level of achievement scores (GPA) and co-curricular activities of undergraduate university students, and (iii) to find out the relationship between anxiety and academic performance of undergraduate university students. A sample of 408, including 195 male and 213 female 2nd-semester undergraduate BS students from 12 different departments out of 4 faculties of the University of the Sargodha, taking 34 students from each department, were selected through multistage random sampling techniques. Two instruments, anxiety scale and performance checklists, were developed to collect data from students. Research instruments were validated through experts' opinions, pilot testing was done, and the reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha value for the anxiety scale was .832. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation, t-tests and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. There was a weak and negative relationship between anxiety and achievement scores of undergraduate university students whereas. But there was a significant but weak and negative relationship between anxiety and achievement scores and co-curricular activities of undergraduate university students. So it is recommended that teachers of the university may integrate activities in their classroom teaching to keep students involved and reduce anxiety. Humanity Publications Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/anxiety-and-academic-performance-of-undergraduate-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Work Engagement and Job Characteristics: Systematic Review and Guidelines for Future Avenues Maryam Gull Aliya Ahmed Sobia Hassan Job Characteristics Job Characteristics Theory Job Demand Resource Theory Systematic Review Work Engagement This systematic review of forty articles aims to synthesise the increasing number of work done on work engagement and job characteristics by analysing the preferred sources from 2017 to 2021. The research studies were carefully chosen according to the researcher's inclusion criteria. The all-encompassing review of the literature has included an introduction,significance, and review of 'job characteristics theory, 'job demand theory', and elaborates innovative definition of 'work engagement' in the light of the literature review. The analyses were performed in terms of annual scientific production, most relevant sources, Bradford's law, source growth, tree map, and word dynamics through biblioshiny. MS Excel was used to evaluate the research studies. This systematic review will be beneficial to organisations and policymakers to plan the characteristics of jobs effectively to promote employee participation. Emphasis on the employees' work engagement and job characteristics will support apprehending the dream of a perfect workplace. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Dean of Business School, National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA and E), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Department of Public Administration, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-work-engagement-and-job-characteristics-systematic-review-and-guidelines-for-future-avenues https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Economic Analysis of Poultry Farming in District Lasbela, Balochistan Imran Khan Saima Liaqat Khalid Khan Poultry Production Farmers Intermediaries and Retailers Lasbela Balochistan Considering the significance of the poultry industry, the study tried to evaluate the economic viability of poultry farmers in the Lasbela district of Balochistan. Furthermore, the study also estimated the profitability of the numerous players engaged in the poultry industry. A sum of seventy-five poultry farmers, intermediaries, and retailers was interviewed using aconvenience sampling technique. The study results showed that the main obstacle to the expansion of the poultry industry in the region is the unequal and insufficient distribution of profits between producers, intermediaries, and retailers. The study results determined that the commission agent earns 41 percent while retailers make 24 per cent of the supernormal profit; at the sametime, none of the profits is reinvested in the business because the producers still struggle to meet the financial requirements. In the future, policymakers ought to improve the mechanism of profit allocation to improve consumer access tonutrition and to ensure the just profit of all stakeholders in the industry. It will also stimulate investment in the poultry industry which will further promote economic activities and employment in the region. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Economics, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-economic-analysis-of-poultry-farming-in-district-lasbela-balochistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Effects of Devaluation of Currency on Economic Growth: The Mediating Role of Remittances Naveed Ali Izhar Ul Hassan Abdul Wahab Devaluation Remittances Economic Growth Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) This study looks into how the devaluation of the Pakistani currency affected remittances (REM) and economic growth (EG) in Pakistan. The study also looks at how REM affects the link between the devaluation of the currency and the growth of the economy in Pakistan Over the course of 45 years, from 1972 to 2016. The study uses Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) for examining the relationship. This study uses sensitivity analysis and chooses among different econometric techniques, which take into account the endogeneity problem. The results show that remittances partially mediate the relationship between the devaluation of currency and economic growth.Moreover, a one unit rise in REM leads to a 0.47 unit decrease in EG. Humanity Publications Department of Economics & Development Studies, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan Government of Pakhtunkhwa Planning and Development Department, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Qurtaba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-devaluation-of-currency-on-economic-growth-the-mediating-role-of-remittances https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Students' Perception of Decision-Making Styles at University Level in Punjab Noor Ul Ain Abid Hussain Ch. Decision Decision-making Styles University Students Self-realisation The current study aims to investigate students' perceptions of decision-making styles carried out in Punjab. All the students from the education department/institute of the government universities were the population of the study. For this purpose, seven universities which offer B.Ed. (Hons.) the program was selected randomly, and students (last semesters) were the study participants. The data was collected through a survey questionnaire. The instrument's reliability was 0.72. Results show that students have different perceptions regarding the styles carried by them. Most of the students are carried avoidant decision-making styles. At the same time, dependent decision-making styles were considered to be the least. Furthermore, a significant difference was not found between female and male students' perceptions of styles. It is recommended that universities offer courses to improve/develop effective skills because improved education assists students in making the right decisions at the right time in various realms of life and deciding on a better future. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Pakistan 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/students-perception-of-decisionmaking-styles-at-university-level-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Informal Bases of Formalisation in Pakistan: Recording the Lived Experiences of Female School Teachers Noreen Saher Hadiba Kanwal Nimra Nimra Convergence-divergence Female Teachers School Vartan Bhanji Indigenous Wisdom Pakistan This paper focuses on exploring the way ingrained cultural wisdom and mechanisms provide the base for actualising official roles in formal organisations. Most of the formal interactions and transactions are made through personalised dealings (Qadeer, 1999). Some senior scholars feel that such cultural wisdom/mechanisms (like VB) are not relevant anymore (Chaudhary, 1999), but the current research and existing practices are giving a different picture of reality (Saher & Mayrhofer, 2014; Saher et al., 2014;Qadeer, 1999). Considering this lacuna in literature and between literature and practice, this paper is going to unravel the process of informalization in formal organisations and will contribute to the ongoing debate on convergence divergence. This paper will also discuss the implications and extend guidance for future research in this field. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan Lecturer, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/informal-bases-of-formalisation-in-pakistan-recording-the-lived-experiences-of-female-school-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploration of Drainage and Sanitary Conditions at Mithi, Sindh, Pakistan Gopal Das Hina Marvi Mehnaz Soomro Mithi Sindh Sanitation Water Supply Drainage In developing nations, access to essential utilities presents a dual problem, particularly in rural areas. A little over 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity, while 2.6 billion rely on traditional biomass cooking methods. It is not possible to solve the current energy crisis solely by promoting particular technologies or switching to alternative fuels. Mithi, one of the most developed towns in Pakistan, has recently experienced significant growth in development. The city has experienced rapid growth as a result of the large influx of residents from the district of Tharparkar. There is a need to explore the condition of the drainage system in Mithi and to describe sanitary conditions to make people fit and healthy. It has been analyzed and found the different problems related to drainage and sanitation system in Mithi and surrounding areas. Humanity Publications Department of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh University of Art, Design and Heritages, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploration-of-drainage-and-sanitary-conditions-at-mithi-sindh-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Development And Validation of Students' Academic Performance Scale For Higher Secondary School Level Maria Saima Jabir Muhammad Shahid Farooq Students' Academic Performance Higher Secondary School Level Individual Performance Group Performance Holistic Performance The aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive instrument to measure the holistic academic performance of higher secondary school-level students in Pakistan. Data were collected from 1035 higher secondary school level students enrolled in public sector colleges and higher secondary schools. Content validity was determined by eight national and international experts' opinions. The reliability coefficient was found (α=.74) for the said scale. Initially, 52 statements were developed by integrating the students' academic characteristics, students' performance domains, and academic listening, speaking, reading, and writing tasks.Finally, 24 statements were retained after applying the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). It resulted in two distinct sub-factors of Students’ Individual Performance (SIP) and Students'Group Performance (SGP). Findings of the research indicate that Students' Academic Performance may be used as a reliable and holistic measure by the educational stakeholders for higher secondary school level students. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor & Chairman, Department of Advanced Studies in Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/development-and-validation-of-students-academic-performance-scale-for-higher-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Risk Managing Technique in Pakistan Industry: A Case from Pakistan Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan Sheikh Khurram Abid Rubeena Tashfeen Islamic Banks Conventional Banks Risks Risk Management Pakistan This study examines the risk management solutions used in the banking sector to meet the many risks. The report also evaluates how  conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan manage risk. This study used primary sources. First, senior managers, risk managers, and chief risk officers from Islamic and normal banks fill out a questionnaire. 51 financial institutions responded. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, t-tests, an ANOVA, and the LSD test. Regular banks' operational risk management strategies and stress test results differ from Islamic banks statistically. The study found no statistically significant difference between Islamic and conventional banks in how well they used risk management tools and systems, how muchmarket risk VaR they used, how much credit risk exposure they had, how they reduced that risk, and how they analyzed their credit risk portfolios. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Hasan Murad School of Management, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/risk-managing-technique-in-pakistan-industry-a-case-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Socio-economically Vulnerable People of Pakistan Muhammad Kaleem Bahadar Sher Dilkash Sapna COVID-19 pandemic vulnerable socio-economic livelihood Presently COVID-19 and its socio-economic impacts are burning and debatable issues around the world. This research aimed at investigating the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on people with vulnerable socio-economic conditions. The research was conducted in two union councils i.e. Koper and Hero Shah of Tehsil Dargai District Malakand, KP Pakistan. The data was collected through an in-depth interview method using an interview guide from 24 respondents, 12 respondents from each union council were purposively selected through a random sampling method. The collected data has been analyzed through the qualitative method and primary data has been combined with secondary information for further explanation and unfolding of the ground realities. The research findings indicate that 70 per cent of the workforce of Pakistan is dependent on subsistence earnings and an informal economy. The research shows that the socio-economic recession created by the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally affected the economy, health, education and livelihood of poor vulnerable people. Consequently, the miseries of the coronavirus enhanced the social and economic problems of poor vulnerable people. The research finding recommends that government should take concrete measures and should provide social and economic support to socio-economically vulnerable people in order to pull them out of the crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-covid19-pandemic-on-socioeconomically-vulnerable-people-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Escapism in the Poetry of John Keats and Akhtar Sherani: A Comparative Study Waqas Ahmad Ayaz Ahmad Aryan Sana Riaz John Keats Akhtar Sherani Romanticism Poetry and Comparison This paper depicts escapism as a romantic element in the poetry of a British English poet John Keats and a Pakistani Urdu poet Akhtar Sherani. Although they belong to different ages, the early 19th century and 20th century respectively, still have many commonalities. This work discusses their selected poems and compares them to find out their similar romantic traits. The selected poetry of Akhtar Sherani is translated into English by the author of this work to prove that both poets have a lively style of expressing their feelings and emotions. This study qualifies the readers to think outside the box and conventional values. It helps to broaden their perceptive horizons and mental realm. This work is also beneficial for those who are critics and analysts of romanticism and have an interest in John Keats and Akhtar Sherani. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Demonstrator, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/escapism-in-the-poetry-of-john-keats-and-akhtar-sherani-a-comparative-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Challenges & Suggestions of Online Teaching: Opinions of Public and Private Universities in Pakistan Farah Latif Naz Abdul Wahab Abdul Raheem Online Teaching Public and Private Universities Pakistan Education Students Teachers Online Education Online learning has transformed higher education. Many empirical studies have been done on the challenges with online courses, but few have presented an overview. We reviewed the literature using Cooper's framework. Concerns were found to be common in three large groups: online students, teachers, and people who make materials. Online education had problems because students had different ideas about what was expected of them, their level of preparedness, and their level of engagement. Teachers had to deal with problems like getting used to their new roles in the classroom and having trouble with time management and how to teach. Considerations for content development, the role of instructors in content creation, the use of multimedia in content, the importance of instructional methods, and more came up during this research. Higher education institutions can help both teachers and students get past these problems by giving them opportunities. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Education and Research , University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Department of Disaster Management and Development Studies, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/challenges-suggestions-of-online-teaching-opinions-of-public-and-private-universities-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Gender Jihad: The Hermeneutical Resistance of Muslim Feminists against Conservative Muslim Critics Saeed Akhtar Adnan Khan Usman Khan Exegetical Methodology Quranic Worldview Patriarchal Lens Polygamy Andocentric Religious Worldview Conservative Ulama Nushuz Shariah Muslims feminists contend that they possess the intellectual capacity to challenge conservative juristic notions and patriarchal narratives regarding their roles and talents. They believe that gender-biased negative stereotypes have gone unquestioned owing to the dominance of male scholars in the hermeneutical domain. Scholars like Hibba Raouf, Amina Wadud and Farhat Hashmi confidently argue that the interpreter of the text, not the text itself, is to blame for androcentric bias towards women. Furthermore, they claim that conservative Ulama (intellectuals) misuse their position of authority and strive to preserve their dominance. Conservative scholars maintain that Islam prioritizes a woman's seclusion to the extent that she is not permitted to publicly preach the message of Islam. Disagreeing with their conservative critics, these female scholars argue that Islam does not impose such restrictions on women and they are free to pick the type of career and discipline which they think is compatible with their nature and disposition.This article analyses the perspectives of Hibba Rouf, Anima Wadud, and Farhat Hashmi on crucial topics including polygamy, female education, career choices, and politicalengagement. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor Department of Sociology, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/gender-jihad-the-hermeneutical-resistance-of-muslim-feminists-against-conservative-muslim-critics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Representation of Diasporic Identity in Nadeem Aslam's Maps For Lost Lovers and Kamila Shamsie's Home Fire Muhammad Saqib Mustanir Ahmad Laraib Rahat Diaspora Identity Nadeem Aslam Map for Lost Lovers Kamila Shamsie Home Fire Novels he current research analyzes Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers and Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire in the light of the concept of ambivalence, hybridity, and mimicry, and the way these texts establish a connection with trans-culturalism, terrorism, and Islamophobia. If Shamsie’s novel Home Fire highlights the issue of fundamentalism and its effect on the distorted image of Muslim immigrants, similarly, Aslam's counsels culturalhybridity among diversity and heterogeneity for lasting peace and prosperity in diasporic societies. The present study not only explores the feelings of alienation, ambivalence and interdependency of trans-culturalism but alsosheds impartial light on the clash of cultures and the subsequent issues, such as subjugation, exploitation, victimization, and injustice meted out to the Muslim Community across the globe on foreign soil. The researchers have adapted qualitative and descriptive methods while relying on the thorough reading of the selected British-Asian novels as well as the related critical reviews. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, English Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/representation-of-diasporic-identity-in-nadeem-aslams-maps-for-lost-lovers-and-kamila-shamsies-home-fire https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study on the Organizational Commitment of Teachers and their Classroom Performance Shafqat Ullah Abdul Wahab Farid Ullah Khan Organizational Behaviour Organizational Commitment Demographic Factors This study investigates the influence of the organizational commitment of male and female secondary school teachers on student outcomes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives were to determine instructors' commitment levels towards their employers' organizations and their own professional development. The study to find the correlation between teachers' organizational commitment and students' learning outcomes, as well as the impact of demographic factors (age, gender, etc.) on commitment levels.The study population consisted of male and female educators from government secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 480 teachers, including 280 males and 280 females, were randomly selected from four all-male and all-female schools. The findings revealed significant differences in organizational commitment between male and female teachers.The study suggests that male and female principals should attend organizational behaviour courses, investigate the reasons for lower organizational commitment among male teachers, and hire more highly qualified teachers for secondary schools. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2022-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-on-the-organizational-commitment-of-teachers-and-their-classroom-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Stress of Undergraduate Students Mahvish Fatima Kashif Feza Mehddi Emotional Intelligence (EI) Academic Stress (AS) Students Lahore Pakistan The present study was an attempt to understand how emotions are related to academic stress. Emotions are an integral part of a human’s life. The nature of this study was correlational. Students from Education department at the undergraduate university level were selected as a population from both public and private sector universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Questionaries were used to collect data. To explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic stress multiple regression analysis was applied. For comparison between two groups like gender independent sample t-test was used and for comparison between more than two groups like different age groups, one-way ANOVA was applied. The results revealed that students with higher EI suffer less academic stress than others as they are more cognizant of their emotions. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, STEM Education Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-emotional-intelligence-and-academic-stress-of-undergraduate-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Collaboration Trend and its Impact on the Research Productivity in Computer Science Research Muhammad Asif Khalid Mahmood Alia Arshad Research Collaboration Computer Science Citation Analysis Scientometric Analysis Research Performance Pakistan. Apart from a few bibliometric studies of limited scope, the Pakistani scientific system is a scantly researched area requiring large-scale empirical evidence-based studies. This study aims to explore various features of collaboration in research and its impact on the performance of computer scientists in Pakistan. Over 15,494 SCOPUS-indexed publications in the area of computer science for the period 1997 to 2017, having at least one Pakistani author, were analyzed. The findings of the study disclosed the important role of collaboration in the citation count of the publications. International collaborative works and the more countries in collaboration significantly impacted the number of citations. The study's findings revealed that collaborative publications are more frequently cited and considered of high quality. This study is the first large-scale quantitative analysis of research collaboration, represented by co-authorship in computer science research in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Manager, Information Technology University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/collaboration-trend-and-its-impact-on-the-research-productivity-in-computer-science-research https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Footwork Training in Colleges' Female Badminton Players: Focusing Performance Outcomes of Strength and Agility Mehak Batool Sajid Mehmood Muhammad Tahir Bashir Footwork Training Strength Agility Badminton Players Variety of research has shown that footwork training could be beneficial for various aspects of fitness components required for the game of badminton. The main purpose of the current study is to test whether footwork training is beneficial for the strength and agility of colleges badminton players. The sample of the study consisted of 40 college badminton players who were equally divided into two different groups n=20 Experimental Group (EG) and n=20 Control Group (CG). A pre-test and post-test experimental research design was used to conduct the study. Handgrip dynamometer was used to measure the strength of the participants while, Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was applied to measure the agility of the participants. Paired sample-test was used to test the hypotheses. Results indicated significant improvement in the agility of the experimental group (p < .05), however; the control group did not produce any significant improvement (p > .05. It is concluded that footwork training that continued for 6 weeks produced effective results on strength and agility of badminton players at the college level. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Health and Physical Education, Government Graduate College, Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Director Sports, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Physical Education Teacher, Government Elementary School, Kot Hammeraj, Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/footwork-training-in-colleges-female-badminton-players-focusing-performance-outcomes-of-strength-and-agility https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Effect of Job Stress on Job Burnout of Early Childhood Education Teachers Nayyar Sultana Wajeeha Aurangzeb Early Childhood Education (ECE) Psychological Stress Job Burnout Teachers, particularly those employed in the Early Childhood Education (ECE) system, suffer from physical and mental stress. The combination of an excessive workload and a lack of appreciation leads to job burnout and job discontent. Over 70% of ECE teachers worldwide report feeling burned out at work. It is necessary to look into the causes of stress and how it affects teacher work burnout. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between occupational stress and burnout among Early childhood education teachers. The current study, which mostly focused on ECE teachers and their difficulties associated with occupations, studied the impact of work stress on job burnout. Through the use of a questioner and the cluster sampling technique, information was gathered from 100 ECE teachers. The findings of this study will assist in understanding the problems and stress experienced by ECE teachers and in developing a plan to improve their working conditions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-job-stress-on-job-burnout-of-early-childhood-education-teachers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Study Exploring the Causes of Moral Decay in Society: A Mixed Method Analysis Syeda Tehzeeb Alvi Adeela Saleemi Zoobia Asad Moral Decay Ethical and Moral Values Community Thurstone Scale Borda Count Method This study explored the current status of moral decay in societyfollowed by identifying the causes behind it. The study opted a MixedMethods Research Design for the research. The quantitative data has beengathered from conveniently selected 500 participants through a researchermade Thurstone scale to identify the priorities and the method of Borda CountMethod by Benini, (2013) was used to explore the optimum choice ofparticipants, whereas the qualitative data has been collected from purposivelyselected 33 participants through a structured interview. The participants werethe representatives of both male and female, urban and rural society members based at Punjab Province. The results indicated that the existing status of morality is not satisfactory in the province. The study revealed that inadequacy of religious education, the influence of media, poor parenting, injustice in society, economic disparities, materialistic approach, discriminatory rule of law and absence of content in school curriculum are the main causes of the moral decay in society. Thus, the study recommends the integration of moral and character education, Islamic values and ethical practices in the curriculum at all levels with practical and operational approach. Humanity Publications Senior Subject Specialist, School Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Research and Evaluation, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, English Language Centre, the University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibra, Oman. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-study-exploring-the-causes-of-moral-decay-in-society-a-mixed-method-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Family Affiliation and Electoral Politics in District Charsadda: A Case Study of 2013 General Elections Muhammad Ibrahim Shahbaz Khan Nadia Bashir District Charsadda General Elections 2013 Family Affiliations Biradari Voting Behaviour This paper explores family affiliation as a determinant in describing voting behaviour in NA-8 Charsadda. The study argues that family affiliation is an important determinant of electoral politics in district Charsadda. In order to predict the electoral consequences of electoral behaviour in the universe, a survey has been conducted using questionnaire as a tool of data collection. In this regard, a sample of 304 respondents has been selected through multistage, random and systematic sampling from the voter list. Analysis has been made via descriptive statistics including frequency distribution and percentage and inferential statistics including the Chi-square test and probability value. The primary data reveal that (67.9%) of the respondents supported the view that the electoral preferences have been made on the basis of family affiliation in district Charsadda in the 2013 general elections. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science and Technology, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Chairperson, Department of Pakistan Studies, Edwards College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/family-affiliation-and-electoral-politics-in-district-charsadda-a-case-study-of-2013-general-elections https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Ideological Underpinning of Political Slogans of Mainstream Political Parties of Pakistan: A Critical Discourse Analysis Hamed Hussain Shah Javed Iqbal Arshad Mahmood Slogans Ideology Power Lexicalization Transitivity Systematic Functional Linguistics Language is not merely a means of communication; it is also a carrier of the ideology of the people who speak it though it may not be easily discernible at times. This implies that language and ideology bear a very close relationship with each other. The present study reports how language and ideology are interwoven in the form of slogans found in the political gatherings and rallies of three mainstream political parties of Pakistan: PMLN(Pakistan Muslim League, N),PPP(Pakistan People's Party) and PTI(Pakistan Tehreek –e- Insaf). To critically analyse the selected slogans,methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) offered by Van Dijk and specific meanings which are not clear to the ordinary audience. The present study also aimed at finding out how the hidden ideology manipulates the judgements and reaction of the public. Humanity Publications Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ideological-underpinning-of-political-slogans-of-mainstream-political-parties-of-pakistan-a-critical-discourse-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Focusing Curriculum Alignment to Enhance Student Learning Outcomes: Implications for English Language Teachers at Secondary level Nosheen Akhtar Jamila Begum Sonaina Curriculum Alignment Student Learning Instructions Teaching English Language Testing English Language This study was aimed to know the perception of secondary school English language teachers regarding curriculum alignment pattern between three components; written SLOs documented in the National Curriculum 2006, teaching practices, and assessment techniques. A qualitative research design was used and 20 English language teachers from the Federal Directorate of Education, Islamabad were selected. Due to the saturation point only 12 participants (M=7, F=5) were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed, categorized and then thematically analyzed. Three main themes and eight sub-themes emerged. The main themes stressed the need to Understand curriculum alignment in terms of the English language, focus curriculum alignment at the instructional level, and align assessment with given student learning outcomes. It was found that teachers are not trained in using written curriculum document. Additionally, it was reported that equal representation was not given to four areas of language i.e., writing, speaking, listening and reading. It was, therefore, recommended that teacher training programs may be initiated to train teacher on the use of written curriculum documents and help them understand the importance of written curriculum with classroom teaching and assessments. Moreover, it is suggested to provide adequate resources to the teachers for effective implementation of written curriculum and enhancement of students learning outcomes. Humanity Publications Research Scholar, National University of Modern languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, National University of Modern languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, National University of Modern languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/focusing-curriculum-alignment-to-enhance-student-learning-outcomes-implications-for-english-language-teachers-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Quality Enhancement of Pre-Service Teacher Education Using Philosophy for Community (P4C) as a Teaching Maneuver Soofia Noor Huma Lodhi Farah Shafiq Quality Enhancement Pre-Service Teacher Education Philosophy for Communities Teaching Maneuver The study's aimed to identify the effect of the P4C teaching maneuver on the critical thinking skills (CTS) of teacher candidates by using a quantitative, quasi-experimental approach. The population comprised of teacher candidates of B.Ed. (Hons) programmes of University of Education whereas the sample was intact two sections of 5th-semester candidate teachers in Division of Education, UE Lahore. CTS were assessed through Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). The results of the t-test suggested that P4C significantly improved the CTS (Inference and Overall CTS) of teacher candidates in the experimental group as compared to the control group. However, both groups' teacher candidates were equally skilled in the remaining WGCTA sub-scales (Recognize Assumptions, Deduction, Interpreting Information, and Evaluation of Arguments). It is suggested that a comparable study be carried out at all educational levels (primary, secondary, higher education) in both public and private sectors as well as in other disciplines by adopting a mixed-method approach. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/quality-enhancement-of-preservice-teacher-education-using-philosophy-for-community-p4c-as-a-teaching-maneuver https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Effect of Instructional Leadership on School Performance Muhammad Akram Muhammad Irfan Malik Saira Taj Instructional Leadership Quality of Head Teachers Building and Sustaining School Vision Shared Leadership Leading a Learning Community Data Gathering and Assessing Curriculum and Instruction Moni The study examined the effect of instructional leadership on school performance. Instructional leadership is a process that how quality practices: building and sustaining the school vision, monitoring of curriculum and instruction, leading a learning community, data gathering and assessing, and shared leadership were implemented by head teachers effectively. School performance is defined as the attainment of targets by teachers, students and schools. In district Sahiwal, head teachers were evaluated for instructional leadership by their SSTs (N=1026) on HTEQ. For school performance, a score of student achievement were obtained from their schools, while data on factors: cleanliness of schools, student presence, the functionality of facilities, and teacher presence were obtained through monthly visit reports of MEAs. The study revealed that head teachers were used practices of instructional leadership effectively and excellent level of schools' performance were found. The study explored a moderate relationship between variables (r=.54), and a 39 % variance in school performance could be explained through instructional leadership. The recommendations were also added in the study. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Bahawalnagar Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, STEM Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-instructional-leadership-on-school-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Problems in Assimilation of English Words for Undergraduate Level Students in Hazara University Tariq Ullah Shahabullah Arif Khan Assimilation English Phonemes/Words Undergraduate Students Comprehension Production This present study has focused on the problems in the assimilation of English words for undergraduates in Hazara University. A survey descriptive design was used to collect data from fifty undergraduates selected through convenient-non probability sampling technique who were asked to comprehend the assimilation process in certain words in the selected clips from English movies. To measure the problems in assimilation for the students, the students were asked to reproduce the same speech. The statistical analysis of the data shows that undergraduates did not have any major issues in the comprehension of the assimilated sounds in English words as they identified the assimilated sounds from the available lexical items and the speech context itself. The findings of the study show that students had fewer issues regarding the comprehension of the assimilated speech by native speakers than the issues they had while reproducing the same speech in spoken form themselves. In light of the findings of the study, it is suggested that due attention should be given to speaking skills in order to eliminate issues of assimilation in connected speech. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. ecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/problems-in-assimilation-of-english-words-for-undergraduate-level-students-in-hazara-university https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Allegorizing Nation Building in Fiction: An Analysis of Mumtaz Shahnawaz’s The Heart Divided Amina Ghazanfar Fayaz Ahmad Kumar New Historicism Nation building Fictionalization Narrative History The present paper is a New Historicist analysis of Mumtaz Shahnawaz's novel The Heart Divided (1957). Keeping in view the theoretical postulates of Stephen Greenblatt, the paper analyzes the literary text in conjunction with the author's life and time to evaluate how the different prevailing political discourses impacted the text. During the turbulent times of the Partition of the Subcontinent, the significance of the social and political forces that prompted the author to write the novel cannot be denied. Shahnawaz herself was a political activist during the Independence Movement so she closely witnessed the process of nation building and the emergence of the concept of Two Nation Theory so she incorporates these details in her fictional work. As a New Historicist study, this paper assumes that the selected fictional text has been shaped by the time and place in which it was produced and that it reflects the time and place it is set so the study explores the cultural forces surrounding the text and infusing meaning to it. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English UGS, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of ELT, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/allegorizing-nation-building-in-fiction-an-analysis-of-mumtaz-shahnawazs-the-heart-divided https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Slave Trade and Dehumanization of Afro-American Women in Gyasi’s Homegoing: A Black Feminist Study Sana Zafar Ghulam Murtaza Saira Zaheer Slave Trade Dehumanization Lingering Impact Afro-American Women In this article, bell books' ground-breaking black feminist approach is adopted to examine the lingering impact of slave trade of Afro-American women in contemporary America. Slavery in the past stigmatized the present lives of Afro-American women. Even though slavery was abolished, the terrible effects of the slave trade continue to demean, degrade, and caricature black women in the western world of today. hooks' radical black feminist ideasreveal how racial discrimination and sexual orientation towards black women rob them of their social identity and place in white supremacist society. This research critiques all the forms of dehumanization black women experience in the white world starting with historical enslavement and ending in the present dehumanization. In the white media, theatre, music, literature, and other disciplines, black women are presented as sexy, bold, aggressive, hypersexual, angry, impatient, violent, macho, insensitive, incompetent, and lazy. The contemporary lives of Afro-American women are being plagued by the effects of the slave trade in the white world. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Shiblee Group of Colleges, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Teacher, Department of English, Government Girls Primary School Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/slave-trade-and-dehumanization-of-afroamerican-women-in-gyasis-homegoing-a-black-feminist-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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New Historicist Study of Geoffrey Chaucer's poem Prologue to the Canterbury Tales Raees Khan Ayaz Ahmad Aryan Sana Riaz New Historicism 14th Century England Moral Decay The current study examines the historical and social elements of 14th century England, through Geoffrey Chaucer’s poem, Prologue to theCanterbury Tales. the study also unfolds the analogy of the current situationof developing countries with Chaucer's era. The research is carried out, using the lens of New Historicism as a framework. New Historicism is a postmodern critical theory presented by Stephen Greenblatt (1943). The purposive sampling technique is used to proceed with the study because the research is descriptive in nature. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered as a father of the art of characterization. He placed his characters in the prologue from almost every walk of life, the characters reflect the historical and cultural background of 14th-century England. The history of Medieval England is traced down by analyzing the writings of Chaucer. Chaucer picked coomon characters from various fields to give an accurate picture of 14th-century England. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Demonstrator, Department of English, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/new-historicist-study-of-geoffrey-chaucers-poem-prologue-to-the-canterbury-tales https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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(De) Constructing The Correlation Between First Language Acquisition And Second Language Learning Ejaz Mirza Shahzeb Shafi Faraz Ahmed Language Acquisition Second Language Learning (L2) First Language Acquisition (L1) (De)constructing Interference Language Learning Language acquisition is a significant and captivating hallmark of human development. This review article briefly describes a few hindrances that the learner of English as being second language learner may deal with. It searches out the essential factors which play a significant part in the second language (L2) learning process. There is a common notion that the learning of L2 is affected by the learner’s first language, so we may assert that the mother tongue or first language can interfere with the learning process of L2. The current review showcases the dissimilarities and similarities between L1 and second language acquisition, which is finally concluded with a few implications for language researchers and teachers of English as a Second/ Foreign/ Additional Language. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil English Linguistics, Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil English Linguistics, Institute of English Language and Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/de-constructing-the-correlation-between-first-language-acquisition-and-second-language-learning https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Tale of Two Languages in Blogging: Code-Switching Analysis in Pakistani Blogosphere Kanwal Fatima Samina Amin Qadir Bilinguals Code-Switching Computer-Mediated Communication Pakistani English Weblogs Pakistani Bloggers Weblog Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) have brought about a new medium for information sharing and communication and weblogs are becoming more and more popular in the virtual sphere. The process of code- switching can be traced in this fast evolving medium of communication. This paper aims at investigating the existence of code-switching patterns by examining the categories and frequency of Urdu code-switches in Pakistani English weblogs authored by Pakistani bloggers. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in this study. The blog entries of 10 Pakistani bloggers were analyzed by using the descriptive research paradigm. The findings illustrated that the linguistic choices of Pakistani bloggers as bilingual internet users are living in between two worlds, two cultures, and two languages which they employ in this mode of communication to fully express themselves. The findings showed the linguistic features that are particular to the context of CMC. The study concluded that the presence of code-switching in CMC have to be considered and treated as a unique and different entity from spoken form or written form of code-switching to capture its fundamental attributes. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Editor (English), ORIC, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor Emeritus, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-tale-of-two-languages-in-blogging-codeswitching-analysis-in-pakistani-blogosphere https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Students' Meta-cognition Skills and Problem-solving Strategies in Math: A Preliminary Literature Review Bushra Noor Mathematics Meta-cognitive Skills Self-regulation Self-assessment Teaching and Learning Problem-solving Math problem-solving is difficult for students and instructors. Metacognition abilities may help tackle these problems. Math problem-solving success depends on metacognitive abilities and methods. These abilities and tactics benefit students and instructors. Metacognitive abilities and methods are examined in mathematics problem-solving for instructors and students. A qualitative case-study design was utilised. to describe things deeply and broadly. Metacognitive abilities and methods such as task analysis, planning, monitoring, checking, and reflection, as well as self- and group-monitoring, reading and writing, self-regulation (SR), and self-assessment (SA), helped students solve arithmetic problems. Group talks and self-reflection help pupils tackle challenges, too. Meta-cognition for problem-solving is recommended for students and instructors. Humanity Publications Charles Darwin University, Australia. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/students-metacognition-skills-and-problemsolving-strategies-in-math-a-preliminary-literature-review https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Role of Institutional Quality, Financial Development, and Industrialization in Human Development of Selected Asian Countries Najeeb Muhammad Nasir Nasir Ali Tanvir Farooq Khan Institutional Quality Financial Development Trade Openness &amp; Asian Countries Human development has gained much significance in economies.This study highlight the role of institutional quality, financial development,and industrialization in human development in selected Asian countries. The human development index is used as a dependent variable. The study has used the GMM technique for this analysis. The study results demonstrate that institutional quality, financial development, industrialization, and trade openness have played a significant and positive role in determining the human development of selected Asian countries. It is recommended that the government should provide a more stable environment to encourage more production, investment, and trade to enhance the living standard and human development of the selected economies. It is concluded that financial development may improve human development. There is a need for more transparency and improved institutional quality for human development. Humanity Publications Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2022-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-institutional-quality-financial-development-and-industrialization-in-human-development-of-selected-asian-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 7, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement of Intermediate Level Students: A Correlational Study Aisha Kiran Umar Farooq Gulnaz Akbar Emotional Intelligence Intermediate Level Academic Achievement The study looked at the connection between intermediate-level students' academic performance and emotional intelligence. Three hundred and fifty (350) intermediate-level students from public institutions of District Attock participated in the study. Surveys were used to gather information to assess emotional intelligence. Academic success was measured in terms of the percentage of students who had finished their first year of college. In order to arrange and statistically evaluate the acquired data, the Mean, SD, and Pearson's correlation were computed. The research revealed a strong connection in academic success and the emotional intelligence (EI) of college students. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, University of Education, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Education, Attock Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer Education, Government College for women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/emotional-intelligence-and-academic-achievement-of-intermediate-level-students-a-correlational-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Transitivity in Pakistani English: A Corpus-based Approach towards Mapping Frequency Profiles Tazanfal Tehseem Mubina Talaat Systemic Functional Grammar Transitivity Corpus Linguistics Frequency Profiles Pakistani English This paper aims at building frequency profiles based on transitivity patterns of a small number of text corpora belonging to Pakistani English newspaper editorials. The profiles have been built by using UAM Corpus Tool (O’ Donnell, 2008) to explore transitivity features. The empirical analysis then has been compared with the frequency profiles of English language (Matthiessen, 2006 and Stubbs, 1996) to establish common features. The present work draws inspiration by Michael Halliday who is known as one of the pioneer corpus linguists since his early work on the Chinese language (Halliday 1956, cited in Halliday 1993). Mapping his (ibid) study on the BNC model he concluded that the relative frequencies of past and non-past are about 50-50 and the relative frequencies of positive and negative are about 9-1 (reported in Halliday 1993). Similarly, the present study looks closer to Standard English, and this is partially because the editorials are written by professional writers, and are well edited before printing. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/transitivity-in-pakistani-english-a-corpusbased-approach-towards-mapping-frequency-profiles https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Quantitative Analysis of Existing and Expected Status of the Ethics and Morality in High School Curriculum in Punjab Syeda Tehzeeb Alvi Zoobia Asad Farheen Saeed Analysis Existing Status Expected Status Ethical And Moral Education Thurstone Scale Borda Count Method Secondary Level The study aimed to analyze the current and expected level of the ethics and morality in high school education. A Quantitative Survey Research Design was applied by the study. The required data needed to be specific and relevant, therefore, the stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data from a population of all stakeholders of education in the Punjab: teachers, parents, students, administrators, policy makers and curriculum developers. The data was collected from 500 participants who used Thurstone scale to show their priorities by scaling the 77 items of the 7 questions regarding their importance and these collected priorities were further analyzed by using Borda Count Method “to explore the degree of intensity of the prioritized items”. According to the result of the study, the current status of the concepts of ethics and morality taught at the secondary level is not up to the required standards and lack planning. Therefore, to develop moral attitude, the religious and spiritual values need to be inculcated through moral stories and disciplinary rules using lecture, group discussion and story-telling methods to ensure overall personality development with social adjustability. It is recommended by the researchers to revise the existing curriculum to make it practical and operational for the optimum effectiveness. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor (Visiting), Department of Education, University of Education, Bank Road Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, English Language Centre, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibra, Oman. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-quantitative-analysis-of-existing-and-expected-status-of-the-ethics-and-morality-in-high-school-curriculum-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Leaders' Strategies for Managing Difficult Emotions During Peak Waves of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study on Senior Managers of Textile Industry in Pakistan Qurat ul Ain Tayyeb Ali Aisha Rizwan COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis Leadership Emotions Fear Sensemaking Textile Sector Workplace The study focuses on difficult emotions experienced by the functional heads of two leading textile companies in Pakistan during the peak waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explicates the coping strategies developed at individual and group levels and provides a unique indigenous narrative of how leaders manage their emotional journey during the pandemic. The research design was qualitative, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were the primary method for data collection. The findings highlighted that the participants experienced fear, anxiety, loneliness, and frustration due to the COVID-19 pandemic and it also unveiled the measures adopted at organizational and national levels to manage and contain the viral spread. Furthermore, managers who accepted their own and their teammates' emotions were able to develop effective coping strategies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study contributes towards understanding human emotions in the workplace and how organizational leadership inculcates different coping strategies to process these emotions. Humanity Publications MSHRM Student, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Administrative Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/leaders-strategies-for-managing-difficult-emotions-during-peak-waves-of-covid19-pandemic-a-study-on-senior-managers-of-textile-industry-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Use of Slang Language in Imran Khan's Political Speeches Mehnaz Bibi Shakir Ullah Kainat Rafi Political Speeches Imran Khan Slang Expression The purpose of this study is to find out the slang expressions that are used in the path of political speeches of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan, who has been the Prime Minister from August 18, 2018 to April 10, 2022. The study was based on the qualitative method where the researchers aim to discover and detect Imran Khan's informal impressions taken from his political speeches. There are two types of language expression; one is standard language expression and other is non-standard language expression and non-standard language is also known as slang language expression. To fulfill the objectives of the present study, the research collected data from Imran Khan's political speeches. The data was examined through the theory of Allan and Burridge (2006), which divides slang expressions into 5 types. They are fresh and creative, 2) flippant, 3) imitative, 4) acronyms, and 5) clipping. The results showed that there were many slang words that are totally inappropriate in public, but were still used by him. Among them, the most used words are fresh and flippant types. Humanity Publications BS Graduate, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. BS Graduate, Department of English, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/use-of-slang-language-in-imran-khans-political-speeches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Growing From Emerging Entrepreneurs into Brands: A Systematic In-depth Literature Review of the Psychological Factors Shahzad Khan Mohammad Daud Ali Abdul Majid Entrepreneurship Branding Issues Emerging Pakistan The purpose of the study is to identity and develops a comprehensive construct for the entrepreneurs in Pakistani context. The study has used qualitative review to highlight the reasons of entrepreneurship and issues faced by emerging entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The study intended to investigate the extant literature on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition. The researchers focused on reputed and leading journals in order to contribute in a more objective manner. A comprehend review indicates that not just entrepreneurial factors but also shows how setups are branded. The study also highlights a comprehensive psychological model for quantitative testing. The previous studies only shows the importance and factors of entrepreneurship, however, this study also have highlighted the reasons for branding in emerging entrepreneurship. The study will impact to elaborate clearly on the information's about not only entrepreneurship but also the directions towards branding. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/growing-from-emerging-entrepreneurs-into-brands-a-systematic-indepth-literature-review-of-the-psychological-factors https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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What Drives Cryptocurrency Acceptance? Evidence from Pakistan Khurram Ashfaq Hafiz Tassawer Nadeem Farhan Iftikhar Trust Web Quality Perceived Risk Perceived Ease of Use e-WOM In this study, the proposed model of acceptance factors of cryptocurrencies was analyzed to recognize user behavioral intention by using; web quality, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, e-WOM, and perceived ease of use with the mediating role of the trust factor. An efficient and effective better arrangement of understanding this unique virtual delusion of the use of cryptocurrencies has become an essential part of the virtual world for each stakeholder. So many deliberations on the regulatory frameworks of cryptocurrencies have taken place among government regulators, financial advisors, tax consultants, politicians, thinkers, economists, and lawmakers, but there is inconclusive evidence on legislation in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/what-drives-cryptocurrency-acceptance-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Shakespeare's Universality: Exploring the Timelessness and Relevance of his Works across Cultures and Societies Henna Karamat Abdus Salam Khalis Shakespeare Universality Enduring Relevance Language Culture Society Human Experience Themes Literature Art and Imagination This research paper investigates the universality and enduring relevance of Shakespeare'sworks across cultures and societies. Through an analysis of his masterful use of language and exploration of fundamental human experiences, such as love, loss, and power, this paper argues that Shakespeare's characters and stories continue to resonate with contemporary audiences. The paper highlights the broad range of themes tackled by Shakespeare, including politics, gender, and social norms, and their relevance to the human experience. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes how Shakespeare's works provide valuable insight into the cultural and societal norms of his time, and how his exploration of complex ideas and themes through language demonstrates the power of literature.This paper highlights the importance of exploring the timelessness and relevance of Shakespeare's works across cultures and societies to connect us to each other and the larger world. The paper concludes that the universality of Shakespeare's works reflects the capacity of art to transcend time and place and the enduring power of the human imagination. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/shakespeares-universality-exploring-the-timelessness-and-relevance-of-his-works-across-cultures-and-societies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Great Game of 19th Century: The Significance of Tribal Belt as Buffer to the Buffer State of Afghanistan Abida Azeem Afridi Great Game Imperial Powers Buffer State Afghanistan Central Asia Tribal Belt The Great Game of 19th century between the Imperial British and Czarist Russia encapsulated the geo-political tactics and strategies of expansion which paved the way for their intense rivalry and competition in Central Asia. Great Game was power politics to gain influence, authority and ascendancy in the region. It was a game having rules and boundaries for the worthy players (Ahmad, 2017). The geo-strategic location of Afghanistan and Tribal Belt made them pawns on the geo-political chessboard of the Great Game. Afghanistan’s location was vital for carving out a buffer state, moreover it was considered more pragmatic to declare the adjacent Tribal Belt a buffer to the buffer. The Great Game revolved around moving one’s pawns on the chessboard with acumen. Afghanistan being the buffer state and the Tribal Belt as buffer to the buffer were used to avoid escalation and to move the pawns on the chessboard whenever expedient. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar. Department of History. University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-great-game-of-19th-century-the-significance-of-tribal-belt-as-buffer-to-the-buffer-state-of-afghanistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Driving Factors Influencing The Women's Preference and Decision-Making For Non-Medically Indicated Caesarean Section Misbah Akram Muhammad Afzal Caesarean Section Shared Decision-making Maternal Preference Non-medical Indication Background:Caesarean section has become an emerging issue and catching attention worldwide. Shared decision-making among families and individuals has become a fashion and the main reason for women's preference for caesarean section. There are many societal factors that play an important role in unnecessary caesarean sections. Objective: To evaluate the driving factors influencing the women's preference and decision-making for caesarean section at the mother's request. Material and method: Qualitative research design used in this study via face-to-face in-depth interviews in a public-sector Faisalabad. IDI was conducted at the convenient time of the participant at the time of their antenatal visits. The interview's time was 30 to 40 minutes. The study's participants were pregnant women. A purposive sampling method was used. Data analysis was done on Nviovo software. Results: After transcribing the data, codes were made which leads to the basic themes with their sub-themes. The themes which were the influencing factors in women's preference and shared decision-making towards  caesarean section were: child and maternal health, peer pressure (husband/mother-in-law/society influence), financial influence and hospital management (shortage of staff). Conclusion: The percentage of non-indicated caesarean sections has drastically increased day by day in the last ten years. There should be introduced some strategies for the education of women about pro cons and indications or non-indication for caesarean section.Patients' and peer preferences should be deliberated with healthcare practitioners. Healthcare staff should explain the indications of caesarean section at the time of antenatal. Humanity Publications Post Rn, MSN, Lahore School of Nursing, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Principal, Lahore School of Nursing, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/driving-factors-influencing-the-womens-preference-and-decisionmaking-for-nonmedically-indicated-caesarean-section https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Official Development Assistance, and Financial Development on Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis in Selected Asian Countries Hassan Shakeel Shah Asghar Kamal Muhammad Tayyab FDI FD GDP Asian Countries This research analyses the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and official development assistance with financial   development in determining the economic growth (EG) of selected Asian countries by using data from 2003 to 2018. In this research, we investigate the important role of official development assistance (ODA) and foreign direct investment along with other variables affecting GDP in selected Asian countries. By using panel data, a random effect technique is used to highlight the impact of ODA and FDI on GDP in selected Asian countries. The study results showed that official development assistance, urban population growth, and financial development have increased GDP in these countries. Findings suggest that a stable economic and political environment must be provided for further foreign aid and foreign direct investment. More credit facilities must be provided to the general public for more investment and economic growth. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. BS, Department of Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-foreign-direct-investment-official-development-assistance-and-financial-development-on-economic-growth-an-empirical-analysis-in-selected-asian-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Workplace Bullying and Knowledge Hiding Behaviour on Emotional Exhaustion among Pakistani Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study for Exploring Psychological Empowerment as an Effective Role Player in the Healthcare System Luqman Javaid Kaleem Irfan Asmat Nawaz Khattak Nursing staff Health-care system Pakistan Workplace Bullying Emotional Exhaustion Patients satisfaction This study aims to extend the literature on workplace bullying and its impact on knowledge hiding directly and through the mediation of emotional exhaustion and psychological empowerment as a moderator after collecting data from 600 nursing staff working in public and private hospitals in Pakistan. The results revealed the negative impact of workplace bullying (WB) on knowledge sharing directly and partially with the mediation of emotional exhaustion (EE). However, the impact is reduced through the moderating effect of psychological empowerment (PE). The finding of our study has several implications for healthcare institutions or academic leaders and policymakers of organizations. Humanity Publications Institute of Management Sciences, (Pak-AIMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, (Pak-AIMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, (Pak-AIMS), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-workplace-bullying-and-knowledge-hiding-behaviour-on-emotional-exhaustion-among-pakistani-nurses-a-crosssectional-study-for-exploring-psychological-empowerment-as-an-effective-role-player-in-the-healthcare-system https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Analytical Study of Political Philosophy of Dr. Israr Ahmad about Caliphate Imran Ahmad Mian Saeed Ahmad System Caliphate Governance Nationality Legislative Shariat Islam is a complete religion that addresses every facet of existence. Islam's political structure is based on the caliphate. During the early years of Islam, the Pious Caliphate ruled for over three decades. Since then, there has been debate and conflict over whether the Caliphate can be revived on its original principles. The author of this essay, Dr. Israr Ahmed, who founded the Tanzeem-e-Islami organization, the Society of Khudam-ul-Quran, and served as the Caliphate's preacher, presents and analyzes his points of view on this topic. He dedicated his entire life to educating Pakistan's population about the actual political system of Islam and how Pakistan is falling behind. His opinions on the state of democracy, the political system, the problem of dual citizenship, and Islamic institutions in the context of the Caliphate in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan are discussed in the article. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-analytical-study-of-political-philosophy-of-dr-israr-ahmad-about-caliphate https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Traditional versus Social Media News Coverage: An Analysis of the Topic Selection Priorities Sadaf Asif Noor-ul -Ain Ayesha Siddiqua Social Media Traditional Media News Coverage Issues Priorities The current study was carried out on framing the ongoing debate on the inter-relationship which exists between social media and traditional media news coverages. Its particular focus is to analyze how both mediums focus on their topic selection when it comes to prioritizing an issue to be presented at the top. By employing the content analysis technique of the Facebook posts and newspaper articles the study tried to sort out to what extent differences exist in traditional media and social media coverage with respect to the selection of the topic in Pakistan. The researchers used Chi-square tests to weigh up the use of alternative media and the frame selection of social media in the selected timeline. The study concluded that social media and traditional media react differently when covering social issues. Social media showed better interaction patterns on grass root issues whereas traditional media focused more on covering political issues. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/traditional-versus-social-media-news-coverage-an-analysis-of-the-topic-selection-priorities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Using Social Media as Material Development Source for English Language Teaching and Learning for ELT Classrooms at Undergraduate Levels Amir Hafeez Hafiz Abdul Majid Saima Yousaf Social Media English Language ELT Undergraduate Levels Whatsapp Facebook The role of social media in academic settings has increased manifold. Both the teachers and the learners inside as well as outside classrooms use social media for different academic purposes. The present study was conducted to research to what extent the use of social media has become a fast way of material development in Pakistani ELT setting. Generally, social media is being used for getting and sharing information through different social media platforms: Facebook, whatsapp, YouTube along with other websites. The question is how social media is being used one of the medium for the development of material for four language skills? The data was collected through two major sources of survey and interviews from both the teachers and the learners. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to reach the results. The findings answered the question that social media can be used as a source of material development in Pakistani ELT settings. This research will open the doors of further explorations in the same domain. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of English, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of English, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan MPhil, Department of English Linguistics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/using-social-media-as-material-development-source-for-english-language-teaching-and-learning-for-elt-classrooms-at-undergraduate-levels https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Do Countries Need Religion and Education Freedom to Achieve Prosperity? Imran Ullah khan Muhammad Haroon Aisha Tahir Government Religious Prosperity Economy The goal of this study is to determine the link between educational and religious freedom and prosperity in 45 countries from 2009 to 2018. Using the GMM system, the researchers were able to analyze the data. They found that academic and religious freedom is associated with increased prosperity. The collaboration of religious and academic freedom is also positive, which indicates that the two factors can contribute to the increase in prosperity. The researchers introduced the term "government effectiveness" to describe the relationship between capital formation and economic prosperity. The researchers used trade openness and gross fixed capital formation as control variables. Although they have a positive impact on the overall economy, they are not able to provide a significant boost to the prosperity of low-income countries. Therefore, the researchers recommend that educational and religious freedom be included in the government's efforts to improve the economic prosperity of these countries. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil., Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/do-countries-need-religion-and-education-freedom-to-achieve-prosperity https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Empirical Analysis of the Financial Revolving Door Hypothesis: An Evidence from Pakistan Faizan Ali Faran Ali Asima Ihsan Capital Flight External Debt Financial Revolving Door A simultaneous equation technique was used to investigate the relationship between capital flight (CF) and external debt (the financial revolving door theory) in Pakistan. Time series data from 1984 to 2020 are used to determine the algorithm. Using an appropriate approach, the research contributes to the measurement of capital flight from Pakistan. Three Stages Least Square is used in this study to examine institutions' relationships with capital market literature. (3SLS method). The study found that poor governance, inflation, external debt, and interest rate differentials caused CF and capital outflow by creating an unstable and unfavourable environment for savings and investment. CF causes external borrowings and world capital market borrowing. Capital retention is crucial due to this and ecological development policies. The Granger Causality Test validates Pakistan's Financial Revolving Door Hypothesis. The study concludes with policy suggestions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Higher Education, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Officer, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Analyst, Punjab Tourism for Economic Growth Project, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-empirical-analysis-of-the-financial-revolving-door-hypothesis-an-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Life Skills Scale: An Indigenous Approach Abdur Rahman Asghar Ali Shah Abdus Salam Life Skills Decision Making Creative &amp; Critical Thinking Self-awareness Interpersonal Coping The word adolescence is used interchangeably with young people. This current research aims to formulate and evaluate an indigenous scale to assess life skills in adolescents. The scale was standardized in multiple phases including the search for relevant constructs and item generation, initial data collection and empirical analysis. Forty-six items were finalized through a committee approach for initial data collection. A sample of the current research was taken from the Peshawar division. Principal Component Analysis with varimax rotation was run. KMO and Bartlet Test of Sphericity were found significant (χ2 = 15060, p < .001). 38 items and six different sub-domains were identified. The Social and Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SEC-Q) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale confirmed this new scale. (DASS). Validation was verified. Exploratory factor analysis checked factor loadings. Life Skills tool, an adolescent tool, is reliable. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/development-and-psychometric-evaluation-of-life-skills-scale-an-indigenous-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Clash of Id and Ideology in Paulo Coelho's Eleven Minutes Hamza Raheel Ahmad Naeem Ideology Id Super-ego Narcissism Social Institutions Paulo Coelho’s Eleven Minutes has viewed the Id as subservient to ideology. The study focuses on Karl Marx's concept of Ideology and the Freudian Id. In the novel, a character namely Maria has a strong Id which dominates her ideology. Her act of masturbation and feeling of erotic pleasure shows a lack of repression. She is ruled by carnality as the proletariat is ruled by the bourgeois. The present analysis aims to throw light on all erotic experiences of Maria which reveal that her ideology is subservient to the id. The researcher aims to find out that healthy repression of sexual desires distinguishes humans from animals and that an individual can become productive in society. Healthy repression converts psychic energy into artistic creation. Out of curbing eroticism, the ideology becomes operational. Consequently, culture, religion, morality and creativity are introduced and practised and society becomes balanced. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/clash-of-id-and-ideology-in-paulo-coelhos-eleven-minutes https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Maues Coins: Exploring the Significance of Animals Symbolism and Analysis Jan Muhammad Zakirullah Jan Maues Indo-Scythian Coins Animals Gandhara Paropmisadae Taxila Inscription Legends Kharoshthi The main objective of the current study is to identify and investigate the significance of animals' representation on Maues coins and to assess and analyse the political history of Maues in the Gandhara region. Maues was one of the most notable rulers of the Indo-Scythian dynasty, who ruled over Gandhara and the surrounding regions during the 1st century BCE. This research is based on a qualitative research approach, which involves the analysis and interpretation of secondary sources. The data was derived from scholarly articles, books, and online resources on the Indo-Scythian dynasty. Maues coins are a fascinating aspect of ancient numismatics, and they feature various animals, including elephants, lions, bulls, and horses. The animal motifs on Indo-Scythian coins provide a charming glimpse into the culture and symbolism of this ancient period. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/maues-coins-exploring-the-significance-of-animals-symbolism-and-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Feudal and Political System in Pakistan: A Historical Analysis of South Punjab (1969-1990) Sohail Amin Aftab Hussain Gillani Feudalism Social-Economic Sociology Politics Economics The term "feudalism" is often used to describe a social order in which land is held by an elite group that is not subservient to a monarchy or government. In return for their service to the king or his kingdom, his subjects are granted land. In the feudal system, the male head of the family (typically a large joint family) is accountable for the maintenance of the home and the land that has been bequeathed to him. It is true that the social structures of feudalisms in Medieval Europe and Medieval India shared some similarities; however, the feudalism that developed in Pakistan (which was a descendant of Indian feudalism) had its own unique roots and characteristics that were shaped by local history (such as the influence and intent of invaders) and culture. According to land reformsadopted in 1959, each individual's yearly produce from 500 irrigated and 1000 non-irrigated acres was capped at 36,000 index units. This study looks at what happened to feudalism in Pakistan's Southern Punjab between 1969 and 1990, and it offers solutions to the problems that led to its decline. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-feudal-and-political-system-in-pakistan-a-historical-analysis-of-south-punjab-19691990 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Imagination, Creativity and Adventurous Advertising: Analysing Pakistani Youngsters Sehreen far Bokhari Madiha Maqsood Basma Khan Imagination Creativity Adventurous Advertisements Cultivation Pre-adults Imagination involves holding onto an idea until it is transformed into a possibility. By forming an imaginary world full of adventures, advertising creatively plays with viewers' imaginations. Such a material and commercial gain may have dangerous outcomes as well as whatever the audience sees on television, majority considers it truth, correct or believable. After watching flashy advertisements pre-adults are compelled to purchase expensive products as well it affects their imagination and  creativity. Under the umbrella of cultivation theory the study asserts that exposure to adventurous television advertisements is creating adventurism in Pakistani youth, leading to imitation of stunts,frustration and persistence. Humanity Publications Department of Philosophy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/imagination-creativity-and-adventurous-advertising-analysing-pakistani-youngsters https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Threat Framing of CPEC In Pakistani Newspapers: Post Dasu Attach Analysis Ali Ab Ul Hassan Abul Hassan Ayesha Salahuddin CPEC Dasu Editorials Threat Framing This research intends to study geostrategic and eco-political threats attached to China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) concerning Pakistani media coverage of Dasu attack in 2021. While 13 workers, including Chinese engineers were killed which resultantly resurfaced the security threat attached to this project. To analyze the media’s apprehension about the incident and framing trends, editorials of four leading newspapers, two English; Dawn and The Nation, two Urdu: Daily Jang and Daily Express, were selected with a duration from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022. Previous studies helped in determining to incorporate ‘threat frame’ to be analyzed in editorials which further lead to quantify its coverage frequency. The findings revealed that newspapers indicated towards threats of security, insurgencies, internal and external terrorism attacks with serious apprehension to be resolved. The findings also concluded that editorial manuscripts help in steering and determining geopolitical issues in constructive ways. Humanity Publications Lecturer, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Research Scholar School of Creative Arts, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/threat-framing-of-cpec-in-pakistani-newspapers-post-dasu-attach-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Challenges of IoT-enabled Safe City Projects Muhammad Kashif Adnan Abdul Zahid Khan Safe City Projects IoT Challenges Planning Implementation The Safe City Project is a complex phenomenon based on the Internet of Things (IoT), interconnected devices using Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges faced in the development of Safe City Projects. For this purpose, an exploratory case study was conducted in two main cities i.e. Lahore and Islamabad, Pakistan. Some challenges faced by the management while deploying such projects have been discussed. The population is the top management, Middle management, and lower management. Twenty interviews have been taken from Islamabad and Lahore Safe City Projects. Data were analyzed by Creswell's (2009) technique which outlined the six steps to analyzing case study data in order to develop different patterns, themes and descriptions. The finding of this research reflects that Lahore Safe City Project seems to be more successful whereas the results of the Islamabad Safe City Project reflect partial success. Based on the research findings, this research also documents challenges and their remedial strategies to overcome those issues for better implementation of a Safe City Project in future. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-challenges-of-iotenabled-safe-city-projects https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effects of Social Media in Pakistan: A Case Study of Gujranwala and Gujrat Sobia Abid Fakhar Naveed Social Media Social Media Effects Youth in Punjab Educational Learning youth Social behavior Political Awareness Social media provide a platform for discussion on various issues that often gets ignored in our day-to-day life. In order to keep ourselves connected with the entire world and remain updated about what all is taking place or happening around us, youth is mostly inclined towards using social media for information. It has been seen utilization of social media is becoming more and more effective to mold opinion and in changing their mind-set of the youth. The usage of social media among youth in Punjab, Pakistan offers ample opportunity for evaluation. To investigate the impact of social media usage on educational learning, social behavior, and political awareness among the youth in Punjab, a research study was carried out. The study employed a survey research design, and data was collected through the use of questionnaires. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effects-of-social-media-in-pakistan-a-case-study-of-gujranwala-and-gujrat https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Treatment Of Environmental Issues In Leading Pakistani Dailies Nasim Ishaq Ghazala Kanwal Ejaz Noor Environmental Issues Media Representation Pakistani English Dailies Content Analysis Environmental issues are contemplated as the most frightening and challenging issues that occurred due to climate change. These environmental issues are disturbing the whole world including living species. Pakistan is also facing issues regarding environmental changes. Pakistan is considered the 7th most susceptible country in terms of environmental disasters. The current research is conducted to study and analyze the treatment of Pakistani English papers in the coverage of ecological issues and the basic drive of this research is to evaluate the “media representation of environmental issues” as discussed in leading Pakistani dailies (Dawn and The News). The content analysis is used to know the frequency and direction of environmental issues. The universe of the study contains textual content of print media including news stories and editorials. It is concluded that The News, gives more coverage to environmental issues as compared to Dawn newspaper in terms of news stories and editorials. Humanity Publications School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Govt. Fatima Jinnah College (W), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Govt. Fatima Jinnah College (W), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/treatment-of-environmental-issues-in-leading-pakistani-dailies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Qualitative Analysis of the Problems and Challenges in Special Education from the Teacher's Perspective in Sargodha Division Muhammad Bilal Tahir Khawaja Hisham ul Hassan Farhana Akmal Special Education Challenges Teacher’s Perspective Students with special needs have come a long way in their education. Numerous transitions have taken place from special education (SPED) to integrated education, as well as from collaborative learning to inclusive education. The objective of the study was to explore teachers' challenges, obstacles in the teaching-learning process and collaborative impediments. This study's respondents were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. The problems and difficulties faced by SPED educators were identified using the Qualitative Research Method (QRM). Data were analysed using a thematic approach. This paper concludes that accessibility, lack of interdisciplinary team, insufficient technological aids, s/t ratio, community attitudes, transition, policy gaps, budgetary constrain, negative social attitudes, parents' negligence about SEN students and administrative laxity are challenges of SPED department that should need to resolve. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-qualitative-analysis-of-the-problems-and-challenges-in-special-education-from-the-teachers-perspective-in-sargodha-division https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessment of Occupational Stress Mental Health and Copying Style among Colleges’ Teachers based on Selected Demographic Attributes: A Case Study of Southern Districts of Punjab Muhammad Aslam Muhammad Nawaz Sumaira Kanwal Assessment Occupational Stress Coping Mental Health Demographics &amp; Attributes The current study investigated work-related stress, mental health and copying styles of college teachers based on their demographic attributes. A sample of n=176 (males=115; females=61) lecturers working at the college level was taken and surveyed. Self-structured questionnaires consisted of occupational stress, mental health, and copying style. When comparing two different groups, females were more likely inclined to stress and mental health as compared with males (p < 0.05). Married lecturers reported higher mean scores on mental as compared with unmarried lecturers (p < 0.05). The findings showed that there were no statistically significant changes in the research variables based on the participants' age, experience, or type of employment (p > 0.05), with the exception of copying style based on age (p 0.05). When organizing an intervention programmed to advance and promote mental health, these findings must be taken into account. Humanity Publications Lecturer Health and Physical Education, Government College of Physical Education, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. PhD. Scholar, Department of Allied Health Science, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessment-of-occupational-stress-mental-health-and-copying-style-among-colleges-teachers-based-on-selected-demographic-attributes-a-case-study-of-southern-districts-of-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Nation and National Integration: Conceptual Perception Shamila Tabssum Mehwish Aslam Ghulam Mustafa National Integration Theory of Appealing Leadership Consociational Democracy The pursuit of harmony within a state is known as national integration. National integration connects all facets of society regardless of language, racial background, religion, race, or belief. It is a process based on harmony, interdependence, and most importantly, national awareness. National integration is a sentiment that unites a nation's population. The goal of national integration is to foster awareness of, pride in, and respect for the best elements of our national culture, aspirations, traditions, and a desire to advance our nation. The current study concentrates on several methods of national integration. Additionally, using secondary data, this study endeavour also outlines the notion of nation and nation characteristics. Humanity Publications PhD Political Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/nation-and-national-integration-conceptual-perception https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Using Students Ratings to Compare Teacher Effectiveness in English and Mathematics Muhammad Akram Muhammad Irfan Malik Shamim Ullah Teacher Effectiveness; Assessment; Knowledge about Subject Matter; Learning Environment; Instructional Planning and Strategies; Effective Communication; Student Achievement The study aimed to compare teacher effectiveness in English and Mathematics by using students' ratings on quality factors such as learning environment, instructional planning and strategies, subject matter knowledge, assessment, and effective communication. Through using a multistage sampling technique, the data was obtained from the students of 10th grade (N=2009), who evaluated their teachers' performance on STEQ developed by Akram (2018). The five factors of STEQ exhibited a high level of reliability (α=.88) with factor-wise reliability ranging from 0.74 to 0.86. T-test for independent samples was used to compare boys' and girls', and urban and rural students' perceptions of teacher effectiveness in English and Mathematics. Female teachers were perceived as more effective than male teachers by their students in Mathematics and English, while urban teachers were perceived as more effective as compared to rural teachers by their students in Mathematics and English. Student achievement in English and Mathematics also statistically significantly differed based on the gender of students and school location. The study also gave recommendations. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Elementary Education, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/using-students-ratings-to-compare-teacher-effectiveness-in-english-and-mathematics https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Employability of a Research Method and Methodology in a Socio-Legal Study Samza Fatima Research Methods Methodology Epistemological Grounds Data Collection Data Analysis Validity and Reliability Ethical Considerations Research methods and methodology are inherent in research whether it is in the form of a research paper, a dissertation or a book. This paper enables readers to choose how to select a particular research method, methodology, and research approach or research philosophy for a respective study. For this purpose, a presumptive study or hypothesis has been chosen as an example to employ research methods and methodology. For instance, the aim of a study is to investigate the corporate governance framework of Pakistan, to develop a board effectiveness model and to explore the role of institutional investors in order to make the execution of the code of corporate governance true sense. This paper presents the epistemological grounds of this study and the rationale for a qualitative exploratory study using an interpretative and descriptive approach to the enforcement mechanisms of corporate governance, the role and effectiveness of the board of directors and the part of institutional investors in the corporate sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, it provides details of the data collection and data analysis methods used for the said study, establishes the trustworthiness of the study and justifies the ethical considerations involved in the study. This paper would be a meaningful contribution to this existing knowledge, as the reader of this paper will be able to understand how to opt for a suitable methodology for a study. Humanity Publications Associate Professor of Law, Principal, University Gillani Law College, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/employability-of-a-research-method-and-methodology-in-a-sociolegal-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Academia: A Case Study of Critical Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Muhammad Irfan Liam Murray Sajjad Ali Artificial Intelligence Academia Higher Education Journalism Students This study scrutinizes the role of AI literacy and ChatGPT-3 in enhancing critical reasoning and journalistic writing competencies among 50 third-term journalism students at Tajik National University. Given the escalating relevance of AI across sectors, including journalism, we aim to highlight the potential advantages of incorporating AI utilities in journalism pedagogy. We utilized a mixed- methods approach, comprising both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, for a comprehensive examination of the influence of AI literacy and ChatGPT-3 on student skill development.We gathered insights via surveys and interviews, revealing the impact of AI on learning outcomes. Our findings suggest a significant improvement in students' critical thinking and journalistic writing skillswith ChatGPT-3 usage. The integration of AI tools in the classroom encourages in-depth analysis and collaboration, thereby enhancing students' writing skills. The results underline the importance of AI literacy in journalism education, preparing students for the rapidly transforming, AI-centric journalism industry. Humanity Publications Researcher at School of English, Irish and Communication, University of Limerick. Head of Linguistic Department, University of Limerick. Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Malakand. Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/integration-of-artificial-intelligence-in-academia-a-case-study-of-critical-teaching-and-learning-in-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Planning Study on Spatial Attributes of Bus Stop Location for Efficient Public Transportation System Zobia Ubaid Ullah Shabbir Ullah Space Syntax Spatial Analysis Bus Stops Optimization Spatial Attributes Mansehra City Public Transportation The most convenient and important part of the public transportation system is that provided by public buses, the most practical and cost-effective type of public transportation system. An expert system alone cannot accurately locate a bus stop. The "Natural Movement" theory of Space Syntax provides a deep understanding of "centrality" and urban activity, predicting the city's most dynamic streets and areas that serve as centres of urban activity. This study analyzed the city of Mansehra, Pakistan to provide a scientific evidence-based approach to planning of efficient transportation system. To find the best routes and bus stops, we computed centrality through spatial analysis and urban activity index, and vehicular and pedestrian traffic volume indices. The results of this research highlighted areas that are considered optimal traffic routes, busy city streets, and city centres, and represent the best locations for bus stop spacing in the city. Humanity Publications Master Student, National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-planning-study-on-spatial-attributes-of-bus-stop-location-for-efficient-public-transportation-system https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the World of Artificial Intelligence: The Perception of the University Students about ChatGPT for Academic Purpose Atika A. Imran Ajab Ali Lashari Artificial Intelligence (AI) ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) Large Language Model (LLM) Rationalist Theory Writing Skill The study aims to explore the impact of ChatGPT on the writing skills of undergraduate students. This is a qualitative study in which 24 randomly selected students from two private sector universities in Karachi were interviewed and analyzed. The sample size was small but diversified, which was comprised of male and female BS (final year) students from humanities and sciences backgrounds.The data was classified into four categories to show different levels of responses from positive to negative. The result showed a mixed trend in which the majority of students were of the opinion that ChatGPT hinders creative writing, whereas the other group, was of the opinion that it is beneficial if used but under proper supervision / controlled conditions. The responses seem quite reasonable because ChatGPT is still in its infancy stage and may take some time to fully understand its technical aspects. However, more in-depth studies are required for its effective application in different academic areas. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer Education, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-world-of-artificial-intelligence-the-perception-of-the-university-students-about-chatgpt-for-academic-purpose https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Unlocking Academic Success: Exploring the Impact of Distributed Leadership on Schools' Climate and Students' Achievement at Secondary Level in District Kohat Farid Ullah Khan Munir Khan Abdul Wahab Distributed Leadership School climate Students' achievement This study examines the correlation between distributed leadership practices of principals, the academic performance of students, and the school climate in government secondary schools in Kohat, Pakistan. It investigates the relationship between the distributed leadership approach of principals and the school atmosphere, as well as its impact on academic achievement. The research involves 30 principals and 198 teachers who completed surveys on distributed leadership practices and school climate. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression models were used for data analysis. The study found a significant correlation between the adoption of distributed leadership by principals and the overall school climate. Furthermore, a moderate correlation was observed between students' academic achievements and the distributed leadership approach of the principal. The research suggests that a principal's distributed leadership positively affects school climate and leads to improved student achievement, although it also indicates a negative impact on students'academic performance. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/unlocking-academic-success-exploring-the-impact-of-distributed-leadership-on-schools-climate-and-students-achievement-at-secondary-level-in-district-kohat https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pashtun Tahafuz Movement: An Analysis of Twitter Usage During a Protest Movement Zeeshan Hameed Ghulam Maaz Jan Waheed Hussain Social movements activism social media Twitter mobilization This study aims to examine how the ethnic-based Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) uses collective action frames on Twitter to define problems, assign blame, convey a plan of action, and inspire participation. Social movement framing theory was the guiding theory of the study. The study employed quantitative content analysis. The analysis of tweets revealed that Pashtun Tahafuz Movement was clear about the issues of the Pashtun community and who was responsible for those issues. However, they have few solutions and remedies to offer that could mitigate those problems. As for motivational framing, the study found Twitter to be a campaigning and information-sharing platform for PTM’s public demonstrations. This study contributes to the social movement literature by highlighting how social media, specifically Twitter, can empower and improve the visibility of the previously excluded community disregarded by the established institutes i.e., legacy media and social institutions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Media Studies Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Senior Assistant Professor, Media Studies Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pashtun-tahafuz-movement-an-analysis-of-twitter-usage-during-a-protest-movement https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the relationship between climate change and sugar cane production as well as comparison of sugar cane production in Sindh Province: A case study of Hyderabad, Badin, Shaheed Benazirabad Muhammad Ismail Uzair Essa Kori Mehwish Manzoor Climate Change Sugar cane Production Agriculture Climate change has meaningful effects on sugar cane production worldwide. The data were collected from Beuro Sindh Karachi. A coefficient of correlation and ANOVA were applied. The results of the coefficient of correlation indicated a positive relationship between climate and sugar cane production. of (0.63) conclude that there is a (Moderate positive correlation between the climate and sugar cane production of the Hyderabad district. The results of the model show that the coefficient of correlation of (0.310) concludes that there is a (Week positive correlation between the climate and sugar cane production in the Badin district. The results of the model show that the coefficient of correlation of (0.088) concludes that there is a (Highly weak positive correlation between the climate and sugar cane production of Shaheed Banazirabad district. The probability value is also less than thespecified value of the level of significance (0.05). So, the production of sugar cane is not the same for all districts. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Statistics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Statistical Officer, Ministry of Defense, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-relationship-between-climate-change-and-sugar-cane-production-as-well-as-comparison-of-sugar-cane-production-in-sindh-province-a-case-study-of-hyderabad-badin-shaheed-benazirabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Investigation of India's and Pakistan's Legal Systems through the Lens of Rule of Law Saadat Ali Nadeem Rao Imran Habib Malik Zia-ud-Din Rule of Law Constitutionalism Legal System India and Pakistan The rule of law furthers the goals of nationhood and peace throughout developmental processes. It's the bedrock of a free society, and democratic values are nothing more than a buzzword if the courts aren't entirely independent and the legislature and president don't treat them with the respect they deserve. Respect and autonomy thrive when one state institution may rein in the authority of another state institution (a phenomenon known as "horizontal accountability"). The principle of separation of powers among governmental authorities is essential to the rule of law. This paper will compare the rule of law in India and Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on the role of the judiciary in each country's legal system. It will also investigate the facts surrounding the question of whether or not governmental powers are constrained when it comes to protecting citizens' basic liberties. At the same time, the effects of a purely hypothetical version of the rule of law on its observance will be examined. The study will also compare and contrast the two nations' levels of representative government and the ease with which citizens may obtain civil justice. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Law, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-investigation-of-indias-and-pakistans-legal-systems-through-the-lens-of-rule-of-law https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigate the Effectiveness and Student Satisfaction of Online Learning Platforms in Comparison to Traditional Classroom Settings Bakht Jamal Zainab Sajjad Humera Omer Farooq Student Satisfaction Online Learning Traditional Classroom Settings This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and student satisfaction of online learning platforms in comparison to traditional classroom settings. A sample of 500 university students was surveyed to gather data on their experiences and perceptions of both learning modes. The study employed a quantitative data collection method. The questionnaires utilized Likert-scale items to measure satisfaction levels and effectiveness ratings. The statistics showed how online learning platforms compare to traditional classrooms in effectiveness and student satisfaction. Students were largely satisfied with both learning styles, with online learning platforms somewhat higher in satisfaction. The study also found that online learning platform accessibility, schedule flexibility, and multimedia resources affect student happiness. Regarding effectiveness, both online learning platforms and traditional classroom settings were perceived as effective by the majority of students. The findings can inform educational institutions and policymakers in their decision-making processes and help improve the design and implementation of online learning platforms. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, College of Art & Design, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigate-the-effectiveness-and-student-satisfaction-of-online-learning-platforms-in-comparison-to-traditional-classroom-settings https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Understanding Women's Political Motivations in KP: Unveiling the Driving Forces Sumera Farid Raza Ullah Shah Sajjad Hussan Women in Politics Political Participation Motivation Family Connections Leadership Gender Equality This study examines the reasons why women get involved in politics, concentrating on the National Assembly and provincial assembly members of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. The relevance of family connections, which facilitate women's entry into politics, is revealed via thematic analysis of interview data. Important motivators include persistence, character traits, inspirational leaders, alluring party platforms, and a need for accountability. Women can participate in politics if they are financially independent and have free time. The study expands on earlier research by illuminating the intricate interplay of institutional, cultural, and individual factors influencing women's political involvement. It places a focus on the necessity of addressing gender-related barriers and encouraging educational reforms to provide women with more leadership abilities. For societal change and democratic governance, political decision-making needs to be more gender diverse. The results provide useful information for political parties and authorities looking to create a welcoming environment for women in politics. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Social Work, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/understanding-womens-political-motivations-in-kp-unveiling-the-driving-forces https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Insanity Defense in Blasphemy Offences in Pakistan Ali Ajmal Faiza Rasool Blasphemy Capacity Insanity Mental The crimes related to religion are known as blasphemy offences in Pakistan. These laws are criticized by many international bodies for being misused in Pakistan. The offences of blasphemy and mental illnesses of the accused are interlinked. There are many known mental disorders and conditions which can put an individual at the greater risk of committing blasphemy. Insanity defense is a defense against the criminal liability of a person suffering from mental disorder. There are several judgements of superior courts in Pakistan which shed light on the insanity defense in blasphemy offences. However, there is much left to bridge the gap between the insanity defense and blasphemy offences considering the developments in mental health science and jurisprudence to meet the ends of justice. It is crucial to build capacity of psychiatrists, psychologists, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, police officers, prison personnels and other relevant stakeholders. Humanity Publications LL.M, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/insanity-defense-in-blasphemy-offences-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Case Study of Radha Krishna Temple Muzaffarabad: Art and Architecture Noor Us Saba Sohail Nawaz Adnan Anwar Radha Krishna Temple Art and Architecture Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir The capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir is Muzaffarabad, a city that has had a significant historical impact that continues now. Its rich cultural past reflects its unique heritage and historical influences because it is the capital of Azad Jammu Kashmir and is located on historic traveller routes.The district is home to many historical sites that provide proof of its prior civilizational history. Any civilization's living monuments and architectural remains represent the legacy and historic importance of the area. The buildings and construction techniques are passed down through the architectural monuments and ruins, but they also transmit the practices, traditions, and religious beliefs of the different cultures. With the current study, two important aspects of the Hindu legacy that exists in the city's core are covered in depth. The architectural components come first, followed by the interior paintings and frescoes painted inside the temple. Humanity Publications Elementary School Teacher, Government Girls School Tagara Makri, Muzaffrabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Hazara University, Manshera, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-case-study-of-radha-krishna-temple-muzaffarabad-art-and-architecture https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impacts of Working Capital Management on Profitability: A Case Study on Pakistan Cement Sector Haniya Zia Adeel Rahim Maqsood Haider Returns on Assets (ROA) Inventory Collection Period (ICP) Receivable Collection Period (RCP) Payable Deferred Period (PDP) and Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). This study examined ten cement businesses that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) to determine the impact that working capital management has on a company's profitability. A systematic selection technique was used to choose every tenth of Pakistan's cement industry for the study. The websites of these cement businesses' annual reports were used to gather primary data. Financial ratios were used in the study and quantitative data analysis was used to determine whether the link between the variables was positive or negative. Since a variety of factors also affect return, we added the control variables of firm size (sales log) and sales growth. According to study findings, the Payable Deferred Period (PDP) has a favourable influence on profitability, the Return on Assets has a negative impact on the inventory collection period, and the Receivable Collection Period and PDP areindependent variables, but their relationship is not very strong. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Management Sciences, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer in Finance, Department of Management Sciences, FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, FATA University, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impacts-of-working-capital-management-on-profitability-a-case-study-on-pakistan-cement-sector https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Effect of Internet Learning and Internet of Things in Education: Applications and Challenges Sidra Ismail Brohi Ruqia Bano Mastoi Tania Laghari Internet of Things E-learning Education ICT Technical Learning Education is the source of achievement in the world of competition. In addition, it has a significant contribution to the development of human beings. Before it was thought that education only means being able to write and read, but now the concept is totally changed. Modern trends in teaching and learning have been introduced. The emerging world arises technology which has billions of connected devices today in the world even twice the human population. The Internet of Things works on an internet-based system and it is also a sort of network semantic concerned with. Technical learning or E-learning is a way by which people get benefits as it is mini software that we keep in our phones and electronic devices too. Hence, this study anticipated to explore the importance of E-learning and IoT in Education. Humanity Publications BS Scholar, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-effect-of-internet-learning-and-internet-of-things-in-education-applications-and-challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effects of Teachers' Conflict Management Techniques on the Learning Environment in the Classroom Shabina Noor Asim Ali Muhammad Aamir Hashmi Conflict Management Stress Behavior Learning Environment Conflicts in schools can arise over a variety of issues, including staff workload, funds, teaching activities and practices in and out of the classroom, rewards and sanctions, assessment procedures, power and authority, tardiness and absences, political opinions, student behavior, dress code, assignments, and placements. This study examined how teachers' dispute resolution strategies affect classroom learning. A study questionnaire was distributed to 200 elementary kids. School disagreements depress teachers and lower their effectiveness. Disappointment, dullness, unwillingness, insensitivity, stress, grief, anxiety, and uneasiness can plague teachers. Before conflict situations, necessary preparations should be made to prevent instructors, students, and the school environment from degrading education and training. Conflict resolution can help schools achieve their goals and benefit students, instructors, and staff. In-service training and seminars should help teachers understand and address school issues. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Business and Management Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effects-of-teachers-conflict-management-techniques-on-the-learning-environment-in-the-classroom https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Drivers of Ethnic Terrorism: Case of Baloch Nationalist Movement (BNM) Maryam Nawaz Shahzad Akhtar Muhammad Faizan Asghar Ethnic Terrorism Baloch Nationalist Movement Political Repression Economic Grievances This research article examines the potential drivers of ethnic terrorism. The ethnic component has typically been ignored by terrorism academia, which has instead concentrated on developing theories that can explain all terrorist violence. The research does cover attributes of ethnic terrorism, whether it is a notion of nationalism or beyond depending on the case. This study focuses on the ethnic groups that why resort to violence to achieve their objective. The research tested the cause of ethnic terrorism based on three theoretical frameworks: political repression, economic grievances and elite competition. The research focuses on the factors driving the Baloch nationalist movement and the adoption of violence by Baloch separatist groups in Pakistan. In the case of Balochistan, three respective hypotheses are built and analyzed. The results demonstrate that political repression raises the risk of ethnic terrorism, although economic resentments or competitive elites are typically not linked to this type of violence Humanity Publications PhD Student in International Relations, School of Integrated Social Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Integrated Social Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Student in International Relations, School of Integrated Social Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/drivers-of-ethnic-terrorism-case-of-baloch-nationalist-movement-bnm https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Promoting the Social Adjustment of Visually Impaired Students: A Perception of Teachers in Inclusive Set-Up Kashif Iqbal Maryam Maqsood Ghulam Fatima Social Adjustment Inclusive Education Visually Impaired Students Orientation &amp; Mobility Technology This study seeks special education teachers’ perception of visually impaired students’ social adjustment in inclusive settings with qualitative & exploratory design. The sample of the study included 20 teachers working in inclusive schools in the Lahore district. A self-developed semi-structured interview protocol was administered to collect data with a purposive sampling technique. The instrument’s validity was assured by expert opinion (N=02). The instrument's reliability was confirmed through an extensive literature review. Four major themes were drawn from the thematic analysis of data i.e., teachers’ perception, problems of visually impaired students, peers influence, and teachers’ efforts. Findings revealed teachers perceive orientation and mobility, supportive behaviour, the least restrictive environment, assistive technology, and motivational support as major requirements for social adjustment of visually impaired students in an inclusive set-up. The study recommended appropriate training should be provided to teachers of inclusive settings about the social adjustment of visually impaired students. Humanity Publications Ph. D. Scholar, Institute of Special Education, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Special Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Institute of Special Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/promoting-the-social-adjustment-of-visually-impaired-students-a-perception-of-teachers-in-inclusive-setup https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Financial Implementation and Human Resource (HR) Practices of Project Management Office: Its Competencies in the E-commerce Industry; A Case Study of Daraz Ghulam Murtaza Lahbar Noreen Hassan Asghar Ali Sahito Financial Implementation Human Resources e-commerce Daraz Project Management Office Daraz PMO is efficient enough to identify the risks and mitigate them at the earliest. Some low- level resources are responsible for only the Financial Implementation and Human Resource (HR) Practices of the Project Management Office, tracking the projects and working with the teams. To provide better quality, there is a need to introduce controlling PMO, so they will be able to manage the projects in a better way and enhance the Financial Implementation and Human Resource (HR) Practices in Project Management.Furthermore, the PMO needs to constantly work on change through which the overall experience of Daraz users is improved. The functions of PMO in Daraz need to be revised because as the number of projects increases, there is a high need to introduce controlling PMO. After all, the supportive PMO is a low-level and less experienced resource. Therefore, there is a need to maintain their projects in a better way. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Benazir School of Business, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Commerce & Management, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/financial-implementation-and-human-resource-hr-practices-of-project-management-office-its-competencies-in-the-ecommerce-industry-a-case-study-of-daraz https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing the Impact of Climate-Smart Adaptation Strategies on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Punjab amidst Climate Change Um-e-Ammara Kousar Hafsah Batool Rubab Aslam Malik Climate-smart Adaptation Strategies Sustainable Agriculture Food Security Climate Change Impacts This article examines climate-smart adaptation strategies and their impact on agriculture and food security in Punjab's Chakwal District, Pakistan. The study assesses climate change effects, evaluates adaptation methods, and identifies challenges for scaling up. Results show climate change is harming agricultural production, affecting weather patterns and reducing yields. Though climate-smart strategies are implemented, their effectiveness needs improvement. Lack of farmer awareness hinders scaling up. Findings stress raising awareness, providing support, and strengthening institutions for adoption. Policymakers, NGOs, and stakeholders can benefit from the study's implications. Efforts should focus on increasing awareness, support, and institutional strengthening for effective implementation. The survey provides insights for future interventions and policies to boost climate resilience in the region. Humanity Publications Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Economics & Agri-Economics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer/Head of International Resource Centre (DFDI), Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Visitor in Economics, University of Education Lahore (Vehari Campus), Vehari, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-impact-of-climatesmart-adaptation-strategies-on-sustainable-agriculture-and-food-security-in-punjab-amidst-climate-change- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing the Economic Value Chain of Potatoes in Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan Saif Ullah Khan Arshad Mahmood Malik Potato Value Chain Marketing Channels Demographic Characteristics Production Problems Marketing Problems Simple Linear Regression Model This study aims to identify the demographic characteristics of potato growers, investigate the marketing channels and value chain actors available in Hunza, Pakistan, and determine the significant production and marketing problems faced by potato growers in the area. Primary data collected from potato growers in Hunza using a multistage sampling technique and a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of potato growers, and the marketing channels of the potato value chain were studied using supply linkage. A simple linear regression model was used to identify the significant variables affecting potato yields. The regression model showed that variables such as sex of household head, family size, education status, distance to the market, farming experience, potato farm size, off/non-farm income, and quantity of potato supplied to the market significantly affected potato yields. The study also identified constraints and opportunities for potato growers. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Economics & Agri-Economics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Chairman/Associate Professor, Department of Economics & Agri-Economics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-economic-value-chain-of-potatoes-in-hunza-district-gilgitbaltistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Examining the Impact of Working Capital Management Approaches on Financial Performance in the Textile Sector of Pakistan Muhammad Yousif Muhammad Ziaullah Muhammad Zulqarnain Jatoi Net Trading Cycle Cash Conversion Cycle Average Collection Duration Net Operating Profit Margin Days Sales of Inventory Net Current Capital Efficient management of operational funds holds immense importance for enterprises. The calculation of net working capital, achieved by subtracting current liabilities from assets, carries significant weight. Aspects such as durations for collecting and disbursing funds, the rate of inventory rotation, the transformation of cash, and the cycle of trade play a pivotal role in determining the level of profitability. This research undertook an evaluation of their influence on the profitability of Pakistan's textile industry, utilizing data from 10 publicly listed companies and subjecting them to thorough panel regression analysis. The findings brought to light that the Average Collection Period (ACP) exhibited an inconsequential and adverse impact on Net Operating Profit (NOP). Conversely, the Average Payment Period (APP) demonstrated a substantial reduction in NOP. While Inventory Turnover (ITID) displayed an insignificant amplification in NOP, Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) exhibited a positive correlation with the firm's financial performance in distinction to Net Trading Cycle (NTC) yielded a detrimental effect. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD scholar, Department of Business Administration, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/examining-the-impact-of-working-capital-management-approaches-on-financial-performance-in-the-textile-sector-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Smiles and Struggles: Investigating the Effects of Leader Emotional Labour Strategies on Job Satisfaction and Emotional Exhaustion in the Service Industry Javed Iqbal Hafiz Ahmad Ashraf Arooj Fatima Emotional Labour Strategies Perceived Organizational Support POS) Emotional Exhaustion (EE) Job Satisfaction (JS) Public health sector The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of leader emotional labour strategies on job-related outcomes, job satisfaction (JS) and emotional exhaustion (EE) and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS) under the theoretical support of conservation of resource (COS) theory. The current study was carried out by gathering data from doctors working in the Public Health sector of Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire survey was employed to gather responses. The selection process employed a simple random sampling technique. Results of the current study explicate that POS has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between leaders' emotional labour strategies and EE. At the same time, the moderated effect of POS on the relationship between leaders' emotional labour strategies and JS was not supported. The present study bridges the research gap by applying the COS theory and using POS as moderating variable to study relationships between leaders' emotional labour strategies and job-related outcomes (e.g., JS and EE). Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Bahria University, Lahore Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. MS Management Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Bahria University, Lahore Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/smiles-and-struggles-investigating-the-effects-of-leader-emotional-labour-strategies-on-job-satisfaction-and-emotional-exhaustion-in-the-service-industry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Secondary School Teachers' Perception of Goal Attainment and Measures of Quality Control in Lahore District Mubbsher Shahzad Huma Lodhi Muhammad Siddique Perception Quality Control Secondary School Teachers Goal Attainment The present research aimed to study quality control techniques used by secondary school teachers in district Lahore to improve educational outcomes. The link between quality control measures, secondary school teachers' performance, and target accomplishment was examined in particular. The study's sample was selected by convenient sampling technique and included 418 secondary school instructors from 200 secondary schools. Questionnaire QCMSSGA was adapted to collect data on quality control measures and secondary school goal achievement (QCMSSGA). It was found that the instrument has a coefficient of reliability ranging from 0.75 to 0.81. Analysis including frequency distribution and Pearson product-moment correlation. Secondary school pupils who received high-quality supervision and teacher evaluations were more likely to meet their objectives. Due to the reasons mentioned earlier, secondary school instructors were instructed to conduct more frequent, routine instructional monitoring and pay greater attention to teacher performance evaluations. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D., Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/secondary-school-teachers-perception-of-goal-attainment-and-measures-of-quality-control-in-lahore-district https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Elevating Organizational Performance: Decoding the Power of HRM Practices at Pakistan International Airlines Muhammad Gulraiz Tariq Muhammad Ziaullah Sara Iftikhar Performance Management System Employment Security Training &amp; Development Employee Engagement Organizational Performance The study assessed Human Resource Management's (HRM) impact on Pakistan International Airlines' (PIA) performance, exploring its contribution to financial success and the role of employee engagement. 371 valid responses were collected from 400 distributed questionnaires, achieving an 86% response rate, with 35% female and 65% male respondents. Data analysis employed SPSS for descriptive analysis and Cronbach's Alpha for reliability. The study's main goals were to evaluate PIA's HRM practices, revealing a positive HRM effect on performance through SPSS regression analysis. Governance and HRM practices were identified as root challenges. Recommendations included VIP protocol elimination, increased employee development investment, monitored flights by senior staff, and strong HRM implementation to promote efficiency, productivity, and growth. The study stresses a dedicated HR department's importance for competitive advantage, providing insights for PIA's strategic decisions and performance enhancement. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/elevating-organizational-performance-decoding-the-power-of-hrm-practices-at-pakistan-international-airlines https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Impact of Information and Communication Technology Usage on Learning English Language Sabahat Parveen Muhammad Faisal Farid Syedah Hoor Fatima Language Learning ICT Integrated Technology The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about transformative changes in the domain of language learning. The objectives of the study were to assess the extent to which Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools are integrated into English language learning and examine the perceived impact of ICT on English language proficiency among learners. It employs a qualitative research design, incorporating a qualitative data collection technique.Twenty English language learners from a public sector university participated in the study. The results revealed that the utilization of ICT tools and resources has redefined the dynamics of language instruction. It has enabled educators to adopt innovative pedagogical methods that cater to diverse learning styles and preferences. The availability of online platforms, interactive apps, and virtual classrooms has expanded the horizons of ELLs, making learning more accessible and engaging. As a result, learners are exposed to authentic English language experiences. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. (Education), University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-usage-on-learning-english-language https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Exploration into the Research Difficulties Faced by M.Phil. Scholars in Pakistani Universities Rukhsana Bashir Sahrish Saba Abid Hussain Research Difficulties Pakistani Universities MPhil Scholars This qualitative study has been conducted under the interpretivist paradigm to explore the research difficulties faced by the MPhil Scholars during their MPhil Thesis phase. There were 25 MPhil Scholars studying in five Universities based in the Punjab who have been selected purposively for this study. These Scholars were enrolled in the MPhil, Education program. The data have been collected with the help of a semi-structured interview protocol comprising 12 questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed that the majority of the students were not forced to select their supervisor on teachers’ referrals. However, the majority of the students were not given the opportunity to select their topics for research, rather their supervisors allotted them the topics. Similarly, their supervisors and even the chairperson(s) of the department(s) were not easily available to them. The students also have faced issues regarding access to the university E-library, needed books from the library and paid content, etc. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Special Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Milat University Islamabad, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-exploration-into-the-research-difficulties-faced-by-mphil-scholars-in-pakistani-universities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Relationship of Teachers' Commitment and Turnover Intentions at the Secondary Level Muhammad Iqbal Shamim Ullah Rizwan Ahmad Relationship Teachers' Commitment Turnover Intentions The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher's commitment and turnover intentions among the teachers working in secondary schools in the district of Lahore. The data was collected through a self-design questionnaire from 235 male and female teachers of Lahore who were selected by simple random method of sampling. Graphs correlations t-test and one-way ANOVA were used through the SPSS software package for the data analysis. Findings indicate no significant relationship exists between teachers' commitment and turnover intentions. However, it is found that the teachers’ Commitment among the females is higher than that of the male teachers and the teachers’ turnover intention among the male and female teachers is the same. It is recommended to increase teachers' commitment and decrease turnover intentions in Lahore by providing incentives and rewards.For turnover intention, it is recommended that teachers' jobs should be permanent. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-of-teachers-commitment-and-turnover-intentions-at-the-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating the Push and Pull Factors for Effective Football Coaching in Pakistan Junaid Ur Rehman Muhammad Ahsan Ullah Muhammad Aaqib Iftikhar Football Push-Pull factor Coaching Coaching in Pakistan These factors contain a variety of intangible socio-psychological motivations that represent an individual's intrinsic desires and push consumers towards certain behavior patterns that are goal-driven.On the other hand, "pull" factors, which are connected to the athlete, allude to the many diverse elements of a football game. It is very necessary to have a better knowledge of the push–pull interaction for players to be able to play in a way that will fulfill the expectations of coaches who have varying demands. The qualitative method was used to gather the information from the participants. The push-and-pull coaching philosophy was found to be most closely related to the tactical and technical aspects of the game, according to the findings of the analysis. Instead of functioning as a clear guide to examine and support each coach's particular practice, coaching philosophy served instead as a signifier in power relations, which allowed it to rationalize coaching practices. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Government Sadiq Egerton Graduate College, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-push-and-pull-factors-for-effective-football-coaching-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analyzing problematic information in the political discourse in Pakistan: The case of Twitter Muhammad Anwar Kakar Shabir Hussain Farraukh Shahzad Twitter Hate Speech Disinformation Populism Pakistan This study investigates the prevalence and forms of hate speech and disinformation in the posts of Pakistani populist leaders on Twitter. A total of ten populist leaders’ Twitter accounts were examined through quantitative content analysis. The variables for the hate speech and disinformation were derived from available literature. The results showed that the selected populist leaders tweets contained a sizable amount of disinformation and hate speech. This phenomenon has serious implications for democracy and social cohesion in Pakistan. We emphasize a viable legal frameworks and critical media literacy education to deal with this malaise. Humanity Publications Independent Media Researcher, Pakistan. Professor, Department of media studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies ,Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-problematic-information-in-the-political-discourse-in-pakistan-the-case-of-twitter https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Language Policy and Planning in the Era of Globalization: Examining the Effects of Global Trends on National and Regional Language Policies and Educational Practices Irfan Ullah Aqsa Goloona Language Policy Language Planning Globalization English-Medium Instruction Multilingual Education Equity Assessment Alignment This paper looks at how the language policy and planning (LPP) is affected by the globalization, with references on national and regional language policies and education. The study examines three policy situations through a conceptual, comparative, qualitative case study, which includes English-media expansion, official multilingualism and decentralized regional autonomy. The data was collected by reviewing policy documents, policy elites interviews, interviews with school administrators, interviews with teachers, classroom observations, and student/parent focus groups. The results indicate that such global tendencies as the Englishization, the increase of mobility, and digital language use influence policy discourse. Nonetheless, implementation is influenced by such challenges as lack of teacher training, resources to regional languages and mismatched assessment. Such informal multilingual practices as code-switching sprouted in classrooms. The research proposes a combination of planning, teacher training, and resource allocation in order to support equitable LPP and linguistic justice in the environment of globalization-related reforms. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. BS Student, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/language-policy-and-planning-in-the-era-of-globalization-examining-the-effects-of-global-trends-on-national-and-regional-language-policies-and-educational-practices https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-I).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Nexus between Pakistani Firm's Profitability and Foreign Direct Investment Noor Jehan Fahim Nawaz Ali Zeb Awareness of Cybersecurity Cyberattacks Readiness SMB Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have a very strong association. FDI increases competition, externalities, domestic firm profitability, technology transfer, knowledge transfer, manpower training, market networking, and economic benefits. This study examined how foreign direct investment affects Pakistani banks' profits. The analysis used 1996–2015 time series data. EViews estimated the research model. The study uses the autoregressive model for finding any association between the response variable, profitability of domestic companies, and the net FDI inflows (percentage of GDP), FDI (foreign direct investment), and four response variable lags. Return on Assets (ROA) quantified domestic firm profitability. The model indicated and the coefficient showed that ROA and FDI and FDI per capita have a positive significant association, but ROA and ROA (-4) in the host country have a negative significant link. Pakistani firms will profit more as FDI increases. Humanity Publications Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP Pakistan. Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Henan, The People's Republic of China. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/nexus-between-pakistani-firms-profitability-and-foreign-direct-investment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Domestic Infrastructure upon Athlete's Interest, Motivation and Participation in Sport: A Case Study of Domestic Cricket Balochistan Muhammad Aslam Shahid Ali Khan Nusrah Asad Infrastructure Coaching Financial Incentive Domestic Cricket Selection Criteria Organized sports are popular around the globe as a way of entertainment for the spectators as well as a lucrative career for the athletes and sportsmen and sportswomen. However, the number of athletes in Pakistan is comparatively less. This study is carried out to establish the reasons of a smaller number of people opting for sports as career generally and cricket specially. Motivation is a force which prompts an individual to act accordingly for the achievement of set objectives. Participation in sports can be enhanced by encouraging young men and women. Motivation can be created through provision of basic facilities as well as considering other psychological factors. Impact of infrastructure, coaching facilities, remuneration and other psychological factor on the interest of cricketers is explored to suggest ways to create a conducive environment to enhance the participation of cricketers in Balochistan, Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer Health and Physical Education, Government College of Physical Education, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Director Physical Education, College Education Department, Government Degree Boys College, Korangi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Principal, Khadija Girls College Korangi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-domestic-infrastructure-upon-athletes-interest-motivation-and-participation-in-sport-a-case-study-of-domestic-cricket-balochistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Effects of the Afghan Issue on Pakistan's Political Dynamics: An Analysis of the General Musharraf Administration Sajid Hussain Azmat Ali Shah Gulzar khan Harmony Islamization Legitimacy Negotiations Pakistan’s Struggles Peace Taliban wars in Afghanistan After the incident of 9/11, Afghanistan emerged as a terrorist state before the face of the world. To eradicate the militant factors the USA initiated a war against terror with the help of her allies on the soil of Afghanistan. This paper aims to analyze the efforts of Pakistan to bring harmony, peace and development to Afghanistan. The Afghan political scenario is a "multi-political scenario" in which different types of stakeholders show their political legitimacy over the masses. The capitalist class led by the USA and the socialist class by the Russians are the antagonistic factors in this regard. Another major group in this regard is the Islamic agenda group, having a culture of arms and is also a main participant in the Afghan political setup. The political legitimacy of the different groups has de-railed whole the system on the verge of chaos. The main focus of this paper is to determine the struggles of Pakistan to restore the true political system in Afghanistan through the participation of all the stakeholders in the scenario. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR, Qurtuba University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-the-afghan-issue-on-pakistans-political-dynamics-an-analysis-of-the-general-musharraf-administration https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Individual's Subjective Well-Being in Exposure to Hate Material on Twitter; An Analysis of Lahore-Based University Students Farwa Manzoor Tanveer Hussain Subjective Well-being Exposure Online Hate Material Routine Activity Theory The research examines the association between hate material exposure and subjective well- being on Twitter using a sample of private and public universities in Lahore. The researcher aims to identify how life happiness & satisfaction are associated with higher exposure to hate material. Data is collected through an online survey (n = 400). The researcher used the theoretical framework of Routine Activity Theory. The findings of the research did not determine any significant relationship between the lower level of subjective well-being and exposure to hate material on Twitter (p > 0.05) because hatred content is easily available and accessible on the Internet and does not require any specific psychological or behavioural situation for having being exposed. Attention is given to the problems which become the cause of sharing hateful content online. The study recommends that SNS should focus more on policies to control hateful content as it is targeting people who result in violent behaviours. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication and Media Research, School of Communication Studies, University of Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-individuals-subjective-wellbeing-in-exposure-to-hate-material-on-twitter-an-analysis-of-lahorebased-university-students- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Effect of Professional Learning Communities on Student Achievement at the Secondary School Level Muhammad Akram Saira Taj Muhammad Irfan Malik Supportive and Supportive Leadership Collective Learning and Application Target Oriented Supportive Conditions–Relationships Shared Personal Practice Supportive Conditions-structures The study examined the effect of professional learning communities (PLC) on the achievement of students. PLC is about developing collaborative learning among colleagues to enhance the performance of an organization within a specific environment. Student achievement has defined the performance of students which can be evaluated with the help of tests. Data were gathered from SSTs (N=890) involving three districts (Sheikhupura, Kasur, and Lahore) through a multistage sampling technique. The study adopted the Professional Learning Communities Assessment (PLCA) scale to examine the PLC which was developed by Olivier et al. (2010). Student achievement scores were obtained from their respective schools based on BISE results of 10th grade. The study found that teachers strongly agreed that they were part of PLC in their institutions. The study also found a moderate and significant relationship between both PLC and student achievement (r=.71), and a 41% variance in student achievement could be explained with the help of PLC. Overall, female teachers were found better than male teachers, while urban teachers were better than urban teachers for being part of PLC. The recommendations were also added to the given study. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of STEM Education, Faculty of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer in Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-professional-learning-communities-on-student-achievement-at-the-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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New Trends in the Historiography of Pakistan: A Case Study of Writings by Prof. Muhammad Iqbal Chawla Adnan Tariq Historiography Discourse Freedom Movement History of Pakistan New Trends in History Subaltern Studies Colonial Punjab Post-colonialism One of the recent developments in South Asian historiography is the adoption of new approaches for each of its sub-disciplines. Historiographical scholarship has also discovered new avenues including exploration of the ignored and marginalized aspects of history. Muhammad Iqbal Chawla is one of such academicians who has left a strong mark on the field of historiography by making multifaceted and original contributions. These can be ascertained by a comprehensive assessment of his entire intellectual cum scholarly sojourn. Dr Chawla has attempted to create to put a new face in the varied field of historiography in Pakistan and he has largely succeeded in his endeavour. The main aim of this research paper is to assess his contribution. This objective can best be achieved by a thorough perusal of his contributions to historiography from multiple perspectives as the author has tried to do so in this article. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of History, Government College University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/new-trends-in-the-historiography-of-pakistan-a-case-study-of-writings-by-prof-muhammad-iqbal-chawla https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Social Context Cannabis Scale Safia Ashfaq Kehkashan Arouj Cross-Cultural Adaptation Validation Social Context The objective of the present study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the SCCS among individuals from various cultural backgrounds. A study was conducted with a sample size of 300 individuals, whose ages ranged from 18 to over 40 years old, and who had attained at least a secondary school education level. A multi-step process was utilized to conduct the study, which aimed to ensure that the current scale is culturally appropriate for the target population. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a significant correlation between the items, as evidenced by the high factor loadings and communalities. These findings suggest that the items share a common variance across all three factors. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that the Urdu- translated version of SCCS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cannabis use in various socio- cultural contexts. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad. Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad. Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/crosscultural-adaptation-and-validation-of-the-social-context-cannabis-scale https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Insights into Significant Contribution by Local Government toward Community Development in the Bahawalpur Division Muhammad Asim Ikram Ullah Muhammad Akhtar Budget Bahawalpur Community Participation Decision-making Process Grassroots Level Infrastructural Development Local Government This research investigates the role of local government institutions in promoting community development in Bahawalpur division from 2001 to 2018. The provision of municipal amenities is crucial for community growth, and local governments are expected to play a significant role in enhancing social, political, and cultural development. However, financial constraints, lack of education, community participation, and infrastructural development hinder their effective functioning. The study used statistical sampling techniques and analyzed the data using regression, and correlation analysis. The results show a positive trend in the contribution of local government towards community development, with a significant positive relation between the local government budget, community participation, education level, and infrastructure development. The study suggests that local governments should prioritize allocating sufficient budgets for community development programs and encourage community engagement in decision-making processes. Overall, the study highlights the significance of local government institutions in promoting community development in Bahawalpur division. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/insights-into-significant-contribution-by-local-government-toward-community-development-in-the-bahawalpur-division https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Urgency of Legislative Measurements Regarding Monitoring of Toshakhana Pakistan Haleema Sadia Tabinda Rani Rimsha Khan Misuse Procedures Toshakhana State Functionaries Toshakhana is a government-owned department administered by the cabinet division of Pakistan, has become a contentious issue in the recent decade due to the perception that it is used as a tool for corruption and for making assets by the state functionaries and also having uncertainty in its procedural laws. The masses are unlettered about the concept of Toshakhana which leads to controversies amongst the subjects of the state. The current study looked into its basic concept, regulations and procedural management. It also analyzed defects and misappropriations of valuable items by the state functionaries. Data was collected from secondary sources like existing rules, regulations, E-papers, talk shows and news on different channels and processed through qualitative research analysis. The lack of exclusive procedural laws on this subject and poor implementation of prevailing rules came out as the main conclusion and also led to drawing recommendations for adequate monitoring and management of Toshakhana. Humanity Publications LLB Student, Department of Law, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Law, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Department of Law, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-urgency-of-legislative-measurements-regarding-monitoring-of-toshakhana-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Analysis of Muslim History from Ancient to Ertugrul Ghazi: A Way Forward Sajida Begum Iqra Jathol Islamic History Ertugrul Ghazi Ottoman Empire Muslim Community Mecca This study analyses features of Islamic historical facts and inspiring storytelling, highlights important aspects of ancient Islamic history, and is best understood as a religious tale with some room for creative interpretation. It will look at the historical circumstances surrounding the founding of Islam, including the caliphates that were chosen at the time because, as many accounts imply, they served as the cornerstone of the Muslim community. The article makes an effort to understand the inspiring Islamic history in this light, with a focus on elucidating those components that do not naturally correspond with the recorded tale. The research also makes an effort to accomplish these goals while placing a special emphasis on the Ottoman Empire and the history of Ertugrul. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, School of Political Science, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Political Science, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-analysis-of-muslim-history-from-ancient-to-ertugrul-ghazi-a-way-forward https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study on School Leadership Effectiveness at Secondary Level in Punjab Khizar Hayat Muhammad Ihsan Naveed Tufail School Leadership Effectiveness Transactional Transformational Leadership is the art of motivating a group of individuals to do tasks in achieving desired goals. The leader is a source of inspiration for workers. The purpose of the study was to examine the school leadership effectiveness at the secondary level in Punjab. The study was quantitative in nature and survey design was used. Three hundred principals, headmasters and headmistresses of secondary schools of districts Hafiz Abad and Sargodha were the samples of the study. For data collection, an instrument that was based on three factors i.e. anticipation, alignment and action was used. Five educational experts ensured the validity of the instrument and the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient value was 0.86. Mean, Standard Deviation, and independent sample t-tests were applied for analysis.The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between male and female heads in school leadership effectiveness. Male leaders were better in school leadership effectiveness as compared to female leaders. Training is recommended for female leaders. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-on-school-leadership-effectiveness-at-secondary-level-in-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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State and Society under the Zikris in Makran: A Historical Account Mubarak Ayub Safi Ullah Khan Marwat Zikri Makran Sayyid Muhammad Jaunpuri Mahdi Makran is the South-Western division of Balochistan, Pakistan and the South-Eastern region of Sistan-wa-Balochistan, Iran. Makran has been of great importance to many superpowers of the last thirteen centuries. Macedonians, Sassanid Persians, Sindhi Brahmins, and Arabs had all laid nominal claim to Makran at various times. It has been the battlefield for several ancient powers such as Sassanid, Indians and Greek. Throughout the medieval era, it was dominated by the Arabs and other Central Asian dynasties such as the Seljuks, Ghaznavids and Ghorids. During the 16th century, it was also invaded by the Portuguese. However, authority always remained with local rulers, particularly the Maliks, the Buledis and the Ghichkis. The Zikris are the followers of Sayyid Muhammad Jaunpuri and recognized him as Mahdi. During the 15th century, the Zikrism spread rapidly in Makran and gained considerable political support as it succeeded to establish a state in Makran. However, during the 18thcentury, the Zikri State was attacked and occupied by the ruler of Kalat State, Khan Mir Nasir Khan. The Zikri ruled Makran for almost three centuries, which was known for justice, peace and prosperity in Makran. The paper examines the historical development of the Zikri State in Makran and also discusses its socio-political structure and administration in the light of primary sources. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Candidate, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/state-and-society-under-the-zikris-in-makran-a-historical-account https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Learning Community Growth among Remoteness: Temporal and Technological Dimension Altaf Hussain Abro Kirshan Kumar Luhana Ali Raza Community Growth Remoteness Computer Technology Distance Education Students In an important way, this study investigates various aspects of community development and social support among participants in computer technology-enhanced distance education programs. The current analysis focuses on the characteristics that define communities and how students build and maintain them. Drawing on a series of interviews with 17 students, the study highlights the importance of community and its contribution to supporting them. This process is very important in developing a sense of community among students. Students derive satisfaction from the temporal intimacy of live lectures and the associated whisper facility for socializing in Web Relay Chat. They also exploited the near-simultaneous use of email and the timing of assignment submissions to subtly initiate email exchanges among themselves, as observed in the study. Overall, the interviews conducted in the study indicated that a strong sense of community benefits both individuals and programs, supporting educators' efforts to create such communities for online learners. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Sindh University, Laar Campus Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Sindh University, Laar Campus Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/learning-community-growth-among-remoteness-temporal-and-technological-dimension https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Indecisive Role of English and Urdu in Multilingual Pakistan Amna Saeed Aamna Zafar Arshad Ali Khan EFL Learners Pakistan Socio-Cultural Contextual Education Socio-Economic The paper explores Pakistani graduate EFL learners' attitudes towards the increasing significance of the English language at national and global levels in the contemporary world. The analysis adopts a qualitative style, using twenty interviews to gain painstaking insights into the learners' linguistic attitudes. The research scrutinizes the socio, contextual and cultural factors that impact Pakistani learners' perceptions of English. The study reveals that while Pakistani learners appear uncertain about English in addition to its culture, they have adopted the educational and social functions of the language. The outcomes indicate the linguistic imperialism and symbolic capital of English, as individuals contemplate it as essential for socioeconomic advancement in Pakistan. The study's results can help academicians and officials assess the potential impacts of English on the roles of local languages, particularly in Pakistan's education system. Humanity Publications Student, Department of Linguistics and Communications, Institute of Liberal Arts, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Student, Department of Linguistics and Communications, Institute of Liberal Arts, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Communications, Institute of Liberal Arts, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-indecisive-role-of-english-and-urdu-in-multilingual-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Instance of Corruption during the Hajj and Pakistan's Far-Superior Judiciary System Muhammad Siraj Khan Naghma Farid Farhaj Sikander Yar Khan Corruption Supreme Court Ministry of Hajj Affair The Supreme Court of Pakistan received a letter from the government of Saudi Arabia claiming corruption in the Ministry of Religious Affairs' hajj arrangements. In response to the letter, the court invited the Secretaries of religious and foreign affairs to clarify their respective positions. A committee of lawmakers was formed to investigate the situation. On September 1, 2010, the committee issued a report to the prime minister of Pakistan and the chief justice of the supreme court that confirmed Hujjaj's building-rental irregularities. In response to the complaints of several Hujjaj, Justice Khalil Ul Rehman Ramday forwarded the summary with the following comments: "Many individuals came to me in Makah Mukarramah.Complaints were even submitted in writing. "Action as may be thought suitable to eliminate the sufferings of thousands of Hajjis who spend their entire lives saving pennies to perform Hajj, only to have the money they've earned through their blood and sweat lost." The article explores the Hajj corruption issue and the role of Pakistan's Supreme Court. A qualitative study employing content analysis as an analysis method has been undertaken. For primary sources, judicial decisions, the statements of prominent jurists, parliamentary actions, and biographies have been consulted. Humanity Publications Lecturer Law College, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer Law College, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Ph.D Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-instance-of-corruption-during-the-hajj-and-pakistans-farsuperior-judiciary-system https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Management Practices in Private and Public Higher Education Institutions Muhammad Iqbal Yasir Mustafa Farah Latif Naz Management Public and Private Educational Institute The study's goal is to compare and contrast public and private university administration practices in Pakistan. Using a random sampling technique, 200 institutional heads from (various departments) of public and private institutions (universities) of Punjab were selected for the study.According to the study, managing operations at higher education institutions in these locations is difficult for both commercial and governmental universities. However, these two categories of institutions' management strategies differ significantly from one another. According to the survey, private institutions of higher learning place a greater emphasis on marketing and financialmanagement than public ones. Private institutions place a high priority on promoting their offerings to draw students and donor support as compared to public institutions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, (Visiting Faculty) Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Thal University Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Headmaster, Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/management-practices-in-private-and-public-higher-education-institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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From the "Lock" to "Advanced": the Midwest Higher Education Revitalization of Path Dependence and Possible Solutions Zhu Wenhui Murtaza Khan Shaista Irshad Khan Higher education in the Midwest Western awareness Revitalization Lock-in Advanced Due to the restriction of "Western consciousness", structural contradictions in the spatial distribution, poor interference in special policies etc., "Middle and Western Higher Education" is an important concept under the triple incentives of social cognition, technical route and policy formulation be formed. The development mode, spindle-shaped school hierarchy, and two-level management system hinder the revitalization of Midwest higher education, resulting in cognitive, technology, and design lock-ins as the three forms of path dependence. Establish the value concept of strengthening the school with quality, and take the connotative development as the revitalization. The top priority of the development work; build a pyramid-shaped school-running hierarchy, and take a characteristic rather than a comprehensive development path; plus, Greater support for institutions of higher learning in the middle and western regions, and the expansion of the overall planning and management authority of the provincial government, is the starting point for the revival of the advanced education in the middle and western regions. Possible solutions from "Locked" to "Advanced". Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-the-lock-to-advanced-the-midwest-higher-education-revitalization-of-path-dependence-and-possible-solutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Learner vs Teacher Centered Classes: Critical Discourse Analysis of Stakeholders' Stance from Socio-Cognitive Perspective Nadia Nisar Muhammad Sabboor Hussain Learner-Centered Method Teacher-Centred Method Teaching Methodology Critical Discourse Analysis Socio-Cognitive Model 3D Model The research conducted for this study took place in a Pakistani educational institution. It compared the learner-centred (LC) and teacher-centred (TC) methods and investigated the learners' opinions regarding each method. This study employed qualitative methodology. Two classroom discussions were recorded in LC and TC modes to capture data. Participants in the study were given an open-ended questionnaire. Analyses of data were guided by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The application of the socio-cognitive model (Dijk, 2006) and 3D model (Fairclough, 1995) revealed speech and ideology differences between TC and LC. The learners preferred the LC method. This research will encourage other academics to research different instruction methods. This research will also benefit applied linguists, particularly language teachers, to determine the effectiveness of teaching methods. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, Government College Woman University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics, Government College Woman University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/learner-vs-teacher-centered-classes-critical-discourse-analysis-of-stakeholders-stance-from-sociocognitive-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ethics and Privacy in Irish Higher Education: A Comprehensive Study of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools Implementation at University of Limerick Muhammad Irfan Fahad Aldulaylan Yahya Alqahtani Artificial Intelligence Ethical Considerations Privacy Concerns ChatGPT University of Limerick This research paper presents an insightful investigation into the perceptions and ethical considerations of students regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in academia, particularly focusing on the University of Limerick in Ireland. Herein, AI tools like OpenAI's ChatGPT have emerged as valuable assets in promoting interactive learning and enhancing student engagement. Thus, this research aimed to explore the privacy and ethical considerations students have regarding the use of AI tools in education. Using a quantitative methodological approach, the study solicited the attitudes, opinions, and patterns of students towards AI utilities. The study revealed intriguing perspectives on data privacy concerns associated with AI tools. Students from technology and science-focused schools displayed a higher degree of concern, suggesting their deeper understanding of potential privacy implications. Conversely, students from arts, humanities, and social sciences, and law politics & public administration displayed slightly lower levels of concern. Humanity Publications PhD Researcher, School of English, Irish and Communication, University of Limerick, Ireland. PhD Scholar, School of Linguistics, University of Limerick, Ireland. PhD Scholar, School of Linguistics, University of Limerick, Ireland. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ethics-and-privacy-in-irish-higher-education-a-comprehensive-study-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-tools-implementation-at-university-of-limerick https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Factors Influencing Motorists' Injury Severities: An Empirical Assessment of Crashes in District Peshawar, Pakistan Haroon Rashid S. Akhtar Ali Shah Sheikh Muhammad Usman Injury Severity Motor Car Random Parameter Logit Model Motorists Peshawar. Travelling in a motor car is a popular mode of conveyance across Pakistan. Similarly, motorists constitute about 66% of total registered cars in Peshawar District which observed a 200% increase from 2006 to 2016. The current research estimates a Random Parameter Logit (RPL) Model by heterogeneousness means & variations in order to identify various parameters that contribute to the motorists' brutality of injury. The effects of motorist traits, temporal characteristics, motor vehicle features, roadway attributes, weather characteristics and effects of speed limits were predominantly considered for this analysis. Generally, typical approximation results show that the chance and severity of injuries increase for accidents including young drivers, winter indicators, and crashes that occurredbetween 10 AM-02 PM. Likewise, minor wound smashes are more likely to involve senior drivers, occurring during sunny weather, in the autumn season and in the month of August. Safety measures are suggested based on the findings of this research study to improve professional's motorist safety e.g. educating drivers about traffic rules and safety, zero tolerance for driving without a valid license, and enforcing speed limits on the roads. The results of this study will help in formulating strategies to improve motorists' safety. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Urban & Regional Planning, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Urban & Regional Planning, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer Civil Department CECOS University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/factors-influencing-motorists-injury-severities-an-empirical-assessment-of-crashes-in-district-peshawar-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Study of Developing a Prototype of Sindhi Primer of Early Childhood Education Level in Sindh Abdul Karim Samejo Ajab Ali Lashari Sumaira Suleman Mahar The Sindhi Primer Designing Developing Textbook. Sindhi is the most ancient language of the sub-continent and has been used as a medium of instruction in this region through centuries. The writing history of the Sindhi Language starts from Indus Civilization in the era of pictographic scripts being used for sister civilizations. Observing ground and historical realities, Sindhi is one of the most important languages of the world. For the study and development of language, it is necessary to develop primary textbooks. In our country, the teaching of language is a specialized skill. The primer (textbook) has a very milestone role in teaching and learning of respective language. The Sindhi Primers of public and private sectors were not as per the standard of other language primers. As per basic language skills textual and spelling forms' analysis, there were found only three primers of more than 50% success rate, while others were of very low standard with less than the success rate of 30%. Therefore it was a dire need to develop and design a Model Sindhi Primer based on the new revised National Curriculum with a 100% success rate of speaking, listening,reading, writing and understanding skills of the Sindhi Language for effective learning in early childhood class in schools of Sindh. The primer under research is an effective learning model primer which fulfils sufficient needs of learners and teachers for teaching and learning of Sindhi Language.The primer under research is also a Model Primer for textbook writers and authors in developing and designing any textbook in accordance with learning outcomes and objectives described in the curriculum. Humanity Publications Additional Secretary, School Education and Literacy Department, Government of Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Education, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-developing-a-prototype-of-sindhi-primer-of-early-childhood-education-level-in-sindh https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Effect of Workplace Ostracism on Knowledge Sharing Influence and Task Performance: The Mediating Role of Organization Asghar Ali Sahito Noreen Hassan Ghulam Murtaza Lahbar Workplace Ostracism Knowledge Sharing Task Performance IT Industry The focus of this research study is to investigate how workplace ostracism influenced employee task performance, as mediated by knowledge sharing. Workplace ostracism may make it hard to engage with one another and limit opportunities for social interaction which may have an impact on how well coworkers share knowledge and how well they carry out the necessary result. The study is purely applied. The study's technique also aids in providing the actual picture of workplace ostracism and how it impacts employee task performance with the mediation of knowledge sharing. Employees selected from IT sector organizations in Pakistan's Karachi are the study's target respondents. The population is to be around 400 participants. This research's main focus is to broaden the literature by understanding the influence of knowledge sharing mediated the relationships between workplace ostracism and task performance. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Commerce & Management, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Benazir School of Business, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effect-of-workplace-ostracism-on-knowledge-sharing-influence-and-task-performance-the-mediating-role-of-organization https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Science Journalism in Pakistani Print Media: A Content Analysis of Daily Dawn and The News International Shehzad Khan Sajjad Ali Abdul Shakoor Content Analysis Print Media Science Journalism Science Coverage Science Communication Science journalism is a special form of journalism that primarily covers topics such as science, engineering, technology etc. This study has been conducted to find out the coverage of Science Journalism in Pakistani English Print Media. The researcher applied both Qualitative and Quantitative content analysis methods for the collection of the data. Through this method the researcher collected data from the Pakistani English newspaper; Daily Dawn and The Daily News International. The researcher collected data from five pages including pages 1, 2, 3 4 and 12. The researcher collected data from three days including Monday, Wednesday and Friday through a systematic sampling procedure from 6 months of Newspapers (N=72+72=144). It is found that both newspapers covered science journalism whereas; a total of 211 news stories were published in 6 months from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. Daily The News published 46.9% while 53.1% were published by Daily Dawn. The results revealed that The Daily Dawn has given more coverage as compared to The News International in the last six months of 2022 science journalism. Humanity Publications Undergraduate Scholar, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore Leads University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/science-journalism-in-pakistani-print-media-a-content-analysis-of-daily-dawn-and-the-news-international https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Perceived Internal Respect and Thriving on Subjective Well-being: Mediating Mechanism of Organizational Identification Syed Abid Husain Shah Muhammad Imran Khan Asmat Nawaz Khattak Subjective Well-being (SWB) Perceived Internal Respect (PIR) Thriving Organizational Identification (OI) The conception of subjective well-being (SWB) is crucial in management research. Through organizational identification (OI), our study explored the effects of perceived internal respect (PIR) and thriving at work (TW) on SWB in Pakistan's service industry. We used a non-probability sampling  method and PROCESS Macros and gathered the data from the employees. The relationship between PIR and TW is positively related to OI, which is positively associated with SWB. The association of PIR and TW with SWB is mediated by OI. Organisations that employ diverse practices to support SWB may also be affected by this study's findings. Additionally, managers can learn to enhance the benefits of PIR, TW and OI. Humanity Publications Institute of Management Sciences, IMS, (Pak-AIMS), Department of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. HoD, Institute of Management Sciences, IMS, (Pak-AIMS), Department of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, IMS, (Pak-AIMS), Department of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-perceived-internal-respect-and-thriving-on-subjective-wellbeing-mediating-mechanism-of-organizational-identification https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unlocking the Power of Schema Theory based Pre-Reading Activities: Enhancing Reading Comprehension at the Intermediate Level Shah Jehan Farid Ullah Khan Abdul Wahab Schema Theory Cognitive Theory Pre-Reading Activities The study evaluated the efficacy of schema theory-based pre-reading activities in enhancing intermediate-level reading comprehension. The study was conducted solely on first-year English students at GHSS Togh Bala Kohat. The study involved 60 first-year students, divided into two groups of 30 participants each. The study employed two groups, a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group underwent five English lessons utilizing schema theory-based brainstorming activities while the control group received traditional instruction. Pre- and post-tests were administered to students to evaluate their performance and assess the outcomes of schema theory-based pre-reading exercises. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. The study revealed that incorporating schema theory-based pre-reading exercises in teaching resulted in superior academic performance of students compared to those who were not exposed to such activities. After a period of four months, retention tests were conducted once more. The findings indicated that Schema-based pre-reading exercises improved students’ performance. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science and Technology. Kohat, PK, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/unlocking-the-power-of-schema-theory-based-prereading-activities-enhancing-reading-comprehension-at-the-intermediate-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Teachers' Affective Support for Reducing Students' Emotional Exhaustion in Higher Education in Pakistan Nasir Ali Shahnawaz Tunio Narjis Unar Teachers' Affective Support Students' Motivation Self-Efficacy Emotional Exhaustion Higher Education Institutes The study determined the connection between teachers' affective commitment along with emotional exhaustion among students with the mediation of students' self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation in Pakistan. 309 responses have been collected from the students of HEIs in Karachi whereas PLS-SEM was employed to analyze data. Teachers’ affective support positively impacts students' self-efficacy and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, whereas students' self-efficacy and extrinsic motivation harm students' emotional exhaustion. Regarding mediation analysis, the study revealed that Teachers' affective support harms students' emotional exhaustion with the mediating effects of students' self-efficacy as well as extrinsic motivation. Practitioners or educational psychologists must realize the likelihood that students' motivation and self-efficacy are possible approaches in which teacher affective support is associated with emotional exhaustion when administering suchinterventions. Humanity Publications Adjunct Faculty and Research Scholar, Institute of Business Management & Healthcare Management (IBHM), DOW University of Health Science, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. School of Education, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China. Research Fellow, Department of Education, Institute of Business Management (IoBM), Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-teachers-affective-support-for-reducing-students-emotional-exhaustion-in-higher-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Allegorical Interpretation of Powers' The Overstory: A Postmodern Study Saba Rashid Asim Karim Postmodernism Postmodern Allegory Overstory Postmodern Fiction This study debates The Overstory from a postmodern allegorical point of view to draw multiple meanings. In essence, postmodern allegory draws attention to a text's true meaning. By analyzing the various symbols and emblems in Richard Powers' The Overstory, this study seeks to examine postmodern allegory and determine what it all means. Because in addition to being a classic allegory, it demonstrates the variety of meanings that may be ascribed to various visual and textual elements. It continues to be inviting. The idea has been divided into other categories, such as the relationship between trees and people, trees and other living things, and trees and spirituality. In the "Tree and Human" segment, the relationship between the two is looked at from a variety of angles to convey a variety of meanings through the characters. The importance of nature's life is demonstratedin the second section of "Tree and the Other Living Things." The fourth and final part connects the connections between people and trees as a spiritual incarnation. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/allegorical-interpretation-of-powers-the-overstory-a-postmodern-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exposure to Social Media Advertisements Regarding Cosmetics and Purchasing Behaviour of the Women Ashraf Iqbal Mah Noor Fatima Qaisar Shehzad Farooq Advertisement Social Media Facebook Behaviour Cosmetic Products Cosmetic products are very important for women. Nowadays women are very conscious while purchasing their products. Women use a vast variety of cosmetic products, such as soap, shampoo, perfume, skincare or make-up. In Pakistan nowadays many cosmetic product companies advertise their products as a need which eventually appeals to a vast majority of women. Many companies use different social applications for advertisements. The Facebook application was selected as a medium for advertisement. This research study includes an analysis of the exposure to social media advertisements regarding cosmetics and purchasing behaviour of women. Specifically, this investigation is based on this specific objective. The research reveals that women are affected by social media advertisements. The study was anchored on the hierarchy of effect model. The target population comprised women. A simple random sampling technique was used. The survey method was used in the research study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that social media advertisements affected the attitude and beliefs of women. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Media & Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exposure-to-social-media-advertisements-regarding-cosmetics-and-purchasing-behaviour-of-the-women https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teachers' Training Impact on Teachers' Professional Development at Primary School Level Bakht Jamal Shabnam Razaq Khan Sultan Akbar Shah Professional Development Teachers Training Subject Specialist Pedagogical Impact Public Schools Researchers investigated how primary school teachers benefited from their training. A total of 150 public school teachers in primary schools (75 men, 75 women) participated in the study. Using the survey method, the researcher adopted a simple random sampling technique. The researche employed a self-developed questionnaire with a five-point scale to compile the results. The questionnaire consisted of six main aspects. The validity of the research instrument was ensured in light of experts' opinions and pilot testing. The reliability was also ensured properly by applying Cronbach Alpha and its value was found .83. The data collected from respondents was organized properly. The data was analyzed through inferential statistics, and an independent-sample t-test was applied. The data was tabulated, presented and interpreted in a mean score, standard deviation and in the form of t- value to see the significant difference in mean score. It was concluded that teachers' training enhanced theteachers' professional competencies and recommended that teachers' professional training may be conducted continuously. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Education, Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Education, Institute of Education and Research, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/teachers-training-impact-on-teachers-professional-development-at-primary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Beyond the Stage: Exploring the Transmedial Adaptation of "to be or not to be" in Hamlet on Rooftop Moazzam Ali Malik Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Umair Ayub Comics Hamlet on Rooftop Transmedial Adaptation Semiotic Signs Comics blend linguistic resources and semiotic signs to represent different ideas. The rise of online platforms and the ease of digital distribution has made the production and consumption of comics a common phenomenon. In storytelling, their significance is acknowledged as an effective source of visual representation of sequential art. The present study underpins different techniques and strategies employed by Eisner for blending art and literary discourse to create an adapted comic version of "Hamlet"—named "Hamlet on a Rooftop". This comic is set in urban settings, in which Eisner highlights the themes of revenge, inner conflicts, family politics, etc. Focusing on the comical adaptation of Hamlet's famous soliloquy "to be, or not to be", the current study delineates how Eisner has used visual icons, facial expressions, colours, lettering, etc., to tell a visual narrative. The study also explores how the use of sequential visual style in "Hamlet on a Rooftop" gives the narrative flow to this comic. The study's findings enlist different techniques that work as a tool kit for comic writers to represent different ideas in an exciting fashion with the help of multimodal semiotic signs. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/beyond-the-stage-exploring-the-transmedial-adaptation-of-to-be-or-not-to-be-in-hamlet-on-rooftop https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultural Hybridization and Political Upheaval in Khan's City of Spies Sara Anam Rana Abdul Munim Khan Diasporas Political Upheaval Culture Differences Hybridity Conflicting Loyalties Throughout history, political instability has been a persistent issue for diasporic communities, exacerbating the challenges they already face. The present research endeavours to examine the impact of political turmoil on diasporic communities, with a particular focus on its role in shaping cultural identity, hybridity, and conflicting loyalties. The present research employs a qualitative analysis to amalgamate a substantial corpus of literature and deduces that diasporas are significantly impacted by political instability and violence, resulting in adverse outcomes such as relocation, trauma, and cultural identity loss. This study delves into the complexity of diasporic identity and the notion of hybridity, frequently linked to diaspora communities. Empirical evidence suggests that diasporic communities frequently experience a sense of estrangement and encounter competing allegiances due to their inability to fully assimilate their cultural heritage into their novel surroundings. Research has demonstrated the significance of comprehending diasporic identities and the obstacles that individuals encounter, particularly within the framework of contemporary political instability.The research findings highlight the need for policymakers and stakeholders to take into account the distinctive perspectives and experiences of diasporas, particularly in light of current political unrest. In order to comprehend and help diaspora groups, it also emphasizes the need for additional research on diaspora identity, cultural hybridity, and competing loyalties. Humanity Publications M.Phil. English Literature, Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultural-hybridization-and-political-upheaval-in-khans-city-of-spies https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).31 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Emerging Patterns in Roadside Landscape: A Case Study of Lahore Ring Road Samirah Pervaiz Fariha Tariq Saroosh Tariq Ring Road Landscape Highway Vegetation Lahore is a conurbation that has experienced many vicissitudes throughout its existence. Streets and roads have given a route for transportation. This development has introduced new components like underpasses, overhead bridges and a periphery Ring Road. The current study has analyzed the landscape of Lahore Ring Road over a period of four years. The focus of the study is to comprehend the landscape design along the first segment of this road. In order to track the changes in the landscape at this time, visual surveys of the Lahore Ring Road were conducted at interval of four years. The field observations were compared to the digital data to draw comparisons between the two sets of visual evidence. There is already one Ring Road in Peshawar. Given that Rawalpindi is developing a Ring Road, which will eventually include landscape, this analysis assumes greater significance. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Associate, Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/emerging-patterns-in-roadside-landscape-a-case-study-of-lahore-ring-road https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).32 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Politics of Hate and Social Media: Thematic Analysis of Political Hate Discourses on Facebook Muhammad Akbar Aasima Safdar Hate Speech Media Framing Thematic Analysis Political Discourse Social Media Pakistani Politics This article documented the presence of politically motivated hate content in online political discourses and also explored major themes against political opponents in Pakistan. A total of 744 posts were collected from Facebook pages affiliated with two major political parties. The amount indicates the significant amount of politically motivated hate content presented in online political discourses. The data were thematically analyzed from which 3 major themes emerged. The data revealed that political discourses were filed with denigration of opposites through abusive and disgusted language followed by the dehumanization of opposites such as naming and comparing with different animals like dogs, pigs etc. It was also found that character assassination was done by framing opposites as morally and socially characterless, by accusing them as sexually corrupt, drug addictive, and as well homosexual etc. Lastly, the opposites were framed as "anti-state", "traitors" and "foreign agents who have become "threats" to national peace, cohesion and integrity of the state and as well to destabilize the country. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/politics-of-hate-and-social-media-thematic-analysis-of-political-hate-discourses-on-facebook https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).33 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Neuromarketing; Its Significance in the Marketing World Shabana Akbar Neelam Akbar Maira Yousuf Neuro-marketing Consumer Behaviour Ethical Concerns Neuromarketing allows marketers to profoundly engage with consumers' latent cognitive processing processes to elicit the desired response. Marketing's more complicated phenomenon is pricking the brain's touch spots to accelerate customer response. To determine how neurons in the human mind work in accordance with marketing principles, this conceptual paper aims to answer three questions: the significance of neuromarketing in the marketing world; the impact of neuromarketing on consumer buying behaviour; and the assessment of neuromarketing with conventional marketing techniques considering previous research. This study reveals the systematic literature review. According to neuro-marketing literature, marketers need automated tools to understand human cognitive processes and build customized market offerings for their target clientele. Because customers are ignorant of their goals, automatic response devices and methodologies can help investigate the neurons of the mind responsible for buying actions in consumer purchasing behaviour. Neuroscience and marketing collaborated to create these automated research tools to study human emotions that influence purchases. Humanity Publications Assistant Director, Higher Education Department Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Center for Management and Commerce, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/neuromarketing-its-significance-in-the-marketing-world https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).34 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Addressing Gender Disparities in Education: Empowering Girls through Education in Pakistan Chaudhry Ibrahim Tahir Farooq Haider Nafees Ahmed Mohammed Nawab Shinwari Gender Disparities Education Empowering Girls Education may transform everyone's life, regardless of gender. Gender bias remains widespread. Pakistan's rural areas are especially bad. Pakistani women have been exploited since independence. Pakistani women rarely receive constitutional rights. Discrimination against women in the job, school, economy, and politics predates the 20th century. 200 teachers and 200 students from around Pakistan were selected for a good sample. A typical questionnaire assessed the girls' school backgrounds, objectives, and gender equality beliefs. At the schools examined men and women had very different educational opportunities. Lack of resources, social pressures, and discriminatory laws and practices make it tougher for girls to receive an education, according to research. The report concludes that broad governmental action to close the gender education gap is important. It offers gender-sensitive classrooms and community-building projects. Humanity Publications Independent Researcher, Aitchison College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Independent Researcher, Kaizen High Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Senior Teaching Assistant, Department of English, Shaikh Zayed University, Khost, Afghanistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/addressing-gender-disparities-in-education-empowering-girls-through-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).35 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Historical Analysis of Pan-Islamism in Sindh during Collapse of the Ottoman Empire Ghulam Rasool Tarique Hussain Keerio Faisal First World War Pan-Islamism in Sindh Ottoman Collapse Pan Islam in Sindh played a vital role as a radical wave of the time. First World War was an outcome that significantly awakened Indian Muslims during the Ottoman Collapse. It aimed to unite Muslims of the world under Ottomans' rule against Westernization, promoting the followers of Islam converting to Pan-Islamic sentiments. Besides, Pan-Islamism and actual Islam differ to the core in concepts and even played a role in the historical events that unfolded in the Indian Subcontinent,which emerged as a parallel movement to the Indian Khilafat movement. Moreover, the research paper aims to analyze the role of Pan-Islamism in Indian politics with special reference to Sindh during the Ottoman dissolution, the Muslim Pious Saltant. Hence, the present study's findings would unlock the lanes for investigators, literate, disciplined, and others. Lastly, the proposed research underpins accentuating the contemporary history works on account of modern Sindh, the British colonial period. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Muslim History, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-historical-analysis-of-panislamism-in-sindh-during-collapse-of-the-ottoman-empire https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).36 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Relationship between Academic Procrastination, Locus of Control and Creative Self-Efficacy Zainab Muazzam Maryam Munir Ivan Suneel Academic Procrastination Internal Locus of Control Creative Self-efficacy Pakistan Undergraduate Students Correlational Research Past literature has shown that academic procrastination shares a negative association with an internal locus of control and self-variables, including self-esteem, self-regulation and self-efficacy. These self-variables may even have a negative effect on students’ academic performance. The aim of the current study is to explore whether students who have higher creative self-efficacy are less likely to experience academic procrastination. A correlational research design is used. Hence, the current research determines the relationship between academic procrastination, locus of control, and creative self-efficacy in Pakistani undergraduate students. Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation is calculated. There are significant correlations between the three variables. Regression analysis indicates that both variables make a significant contribution towards academic procrastination. Results are discussed in light of the literature review. Humanity Publications Student, Forman Christian College, Gulberg Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-academic-procrastination-locus-of-control-and-creative-selfefficacy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).37 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Transgender Rights Law in Pakistan: Mental Health Perspective Ali Ajmal Faiza Rasool Dysphoria Identity Transgender Mental The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018 is an exclusive statutory law  dealing with the rights of transgender persons in Pakistan, the greatest strength of which is the right given to transgender persons to be recognized based on their self-perceived gender identity. However, in its recent judgement, the Federal Shariat Court struck down some of the key sections of this act by declaring them unIslamic. Gender is a social construct and is different from the biological sex. Gender identity, which is the innermost feeling of a person, cannot be changed. Moreover, transgender identity is not a mental disorder and is different from gender dysphoria. This paper discusses the transgender law in Pakistan in detail and the insights from the field of mental health to understand the transgender phenomenon and to handle transgenders' rights in Pakistan by bridging the gaps between the understandings of relevant stakeholders. Humanity Publications LLM, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/transgender-rights-law-in-pakistan-mental-health-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).38 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Promoting Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in Pakistan Humera Omer Farooq Rabea Saeed Hassan Farrukh Hammad Rasool Inclusive Education Children Disabilities Teachers Education As part of the study, researchers asked both teachers of general education and teachers of special education what they thought about inclusive education. The main goal of this study was to learn more about how Pakistani educators feel about education for all. There were a total of 39 questions in the poll. The validity and reliability of the instrument were determined by trying it with pilot groups and talking to experts in the field. We found the Cronbach alpha, which is a measure of internal stability, by using SPSS. The correlation value was 0.80 as a whole. A t-test and mean values were used to look at the data. A meticulous analysis of the data shows that all teachers are right about how effective inclusive education is and that all teachers support the method. It was also shown that both regular and special-needs teachers feel the same way about inclusive education. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Assistant Professor, Graphic Design Department College of Art & Design, University of the Punjab Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Education Consultant, Education Training and Corporate Services and Solutions, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University College of Art and Design, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/promoting-inclusive-education-for-children-with-disabilities-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).39 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Using IAT to Measure Implicit Biases towards Mental Illness Sarima Baig Elizabeth Schwaiger Attributions Implicit Biases IAT Mental Illness Mental Health Facilities Negative Attitude. Public Attitude Psychology Mental illness for many years has been perceived in a negative light, greatly impacting the degree of treatment-seeking behaviour, the public attitude towards mental illness, laws and policies and the negative attitudes and associations that are formed towards mental illness. Therefore the research study investigates the attitude of psychology students; given their psychological knowledge about mental illness and evaluates the attributions they make towards mental illness. Participants from different institutions in Lahore participated in this research study and attempted Implicit Association Test to assess whether psychology students are implicitly biased towards the mentally ill or not.Quantitative data were collected and statistically analyzed with the help of SPSS; Independent samples t-test, paired samples test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were applied to analyze the data. The study concluded that regardless of knowledge and exposure, students of psychology have an implicit bias towards mental illness. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/using-iat-to-measure-implicit-biases-towards-mental-illness https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).40 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unveiling Language Hurdles: Exploring Errors in Written English Paragraphs by Secondary School English Learners Komal Akbar Aqsa Atta Alia Awan Error Analysis L2 Learners Written English Paragraphs Language Acquisition Secondary School This study examines error analysis in written English paragraphs by secondary school-level English learners. It focuses on 20 participants from Government Girls High School Sambrial, Sialkot, shedding light on their challenges. These learners from the English group navigate a linguistic landscape where English is not their primary mode of communication. Using Chanquoy's (2001) framework, the study categorizes errors in the learners' written paragraphs. It reveals challenges in spelling,capitalization, prepositions, verbs, and sentence structure, with the most common error being improper usage of English articles. The study offers tangible suggestions and recommendations to empower EFL instructors in addressing the hurdles faced by English language learners. It aims to unlock their potential for confident expression in English. This research invites the scholarly community to delveinto language acquisition and error analysis. Addressing challenges faced by secondary school English learners, it aims to enhance education, empowering the new generation to thrive in an interconnected world. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Linguistics & Communications, University of Management & Technology, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics & Communications, University of Management & Technology, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Linguistics & Communications, University of Management & Technology, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/unveiling-language-hurdles-exploring-errors-in-written-english-paragraphs-by-secondary-school-english-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).41 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Need of Guidance and Counselling Framework for Improvement of Students' Learning Outcomes Qamar Zaman Bhutto Jam Muhammad Zafar NaeemUllah Guidance Counselling Framework Expulsion Learning Outcomes Punishment Instruction and Suspension The study aimed to identify the need of guidance and counselling framework for achieving improved learning outcomes in public sector secondary schools in Larkana. The teachers use corporal punishment to students for achieving academic results. This study determines how learners in public secondary schools in Larkana conceptualized the function of GC in academic achievement. We recruited 167 learners in this paper. The qualitative as well as quantitative method was adopted. The findings showed that most of the students were unaware of the counselling services' availability, they hardly ever used them. The study concluded that secondary schools in Larkana division faced a dearth of proper guidance and counselling framework. According to conclusions, the School Education and Literacy Department Sindh should implement a proper framework of Guidance and Counselling framework. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/need-of-guidance-and-counselling-framework-for-improvement-of-students-learning-outcomes https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).42 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Its Influence on Employee Performance and Work Kirshan Kumar Luhana Atia Bano Memon Imran Khan Artificial Intelligence Employee Performance Work Google Forms The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employee performance and work commitment within the workplace, while also acknowledging its limitations. The study employs a qualitative research approach and utilizes a simple random sampling method. Data collection is conducted through online questionnaires using Google Forms. The majority of the respondents (91.8%) fall within the age range of 20-30 years, with a total of 100 participants consisting of 58% females and 42% males. The findings reveal that AI can positively influence employee performance and work engagement. AI refers to the use of computers to simulate intelligent behavior with minimal human intervention. However, there are concerns raised by academics regarding potential job losses and an increase in unemployment rates due to AI. Consequently, this may pose challenges in terms of infrastructure reconstruction, ensuring vehicle safety, and adapting laws and regulations. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Sindh University Laar Campus, Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-rise-of-artificial-intelligence-and-its-influence-on-employee-performance-and-work https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).43 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Prospective Teachers' Perceptions and Experiences with Grading Rubrics: A Survey Study Tayyaba Tariq Mir Amna Arif Grading Rubrics Education Prospective Teachers Self-assessment Peer-assessment Grading rubrics are valuable tools in education that clarify expectations, facilitate transparent grading, improve self-regulation, and increase learning outcomes. This paper explores the use and impact of grading rubrics from the perspective of prospective teachers, reviewing literature, research, and a survey. The survey was done with 400 prospective teachers from 4 universities in Lahore, and each of them filled out a questionnaire about their thoughts and experiences with rubrics.The findings of this survey are included in the paper as well. This work contributes to the existing body of research on the use of rubrics in education by giving a detailed and critical evaluation of the research that has already been conducted, as well as by presenting fresh empirical data from the viewpoint of prospective teachers, thus intending to stimulate more research and practice on grading rubrics in the field of education. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/prospective-teachers-perceptions-and-experiences-with-grading-rubrics-a-survey-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).44 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Teaching Values to Secondary School Students: An Analysis of Teachers' Practices Imran Khan Yaar Muhammad Yasira Waqar Values education Teachers’ Practices Secondary school Qualitative case study Methods and Constraints In this multiple case study, the focus was on how teachers in the selected schools in Narowal cultivate values in their secondary school students. To attain a comprehensive understanding, twenty teachers were purposefully selected for interviews. Qualitative content analysis using NVivo 12 software was used to analyse the gathered data. The research found that these teachers employed diverse approaches to teaching values education. They incorporated storytelling, moral dilemmas, Islamic quotes, examples, activities, games, and projects into their practices. Furthermore, they aimed to foster a positive atmosphere in the classroom by endorsing respect, cooperation, tolerance, and empathy among students. However, the teachers felt hindered by several challenges. They highlighted time constraints due to curriculum overload, the presence of large class sizes, test-oriented educational systems, a diverse student population, and limited resources as factors impeding their effectiveness. Following these findings, it is recommended across society and administration levels that support should be provided to aid secondary school teachers in delivering effective values education. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty, Department of Education, University of Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Syed Ahsan Ali and Syed Maratib Ali School of Education, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/teaching-values-to-secondary-school-students-an-analysis-of-teachers-practices https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).45 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Metacognitive Skills Development Training at University Level Ashfaq Afzal Muhammad Shahid Zulfiqar Ali Samreen Metacognitive Skills Metacognition University Students This was an experimental study that has been conducted while taking BS Physics students from a Public sector university based in Lahore. The independent variable for the study was the Metacognitive skills development strategy (Thinking Aloud) enhanced with Cooperative Learning whereas the students' Metacognitive skills were the dependent variable. The sample (two groups, comprising 35 students in each) for the study has been selected with the help of Convenient Sampling. One of them was the experimental whereas the other was a controlled group. The Quasi-Experimental nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design was used for the conduction of this research. The researcher used a performance test named "Metacognitive Skills Assessment Tool" (MSAT) adapted from (Ali, Siddiqui, & Tatlah, 2020) for the data collection. The results show that the intervention has aconsiderable impact on the development of university students' metacognitive abilities. Humanity Publications HOD, Department of Education, Pakistan Gospel Mission, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Education, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Lyari, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-investigation-into-the-effectiveness-of-metacognitive-skills-development-training-at-university-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).46 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Acquisition of Agricultural Information from the Social Media and Interpersonal Channels by Farmers Ahsan Salam Ashraf Iqbal Kishwar Parveen Farmer Interpersonal channels Agriculture knowledge Social media The primary goal of this research is to discover and explain how farmers in Faisalabad utilise social media and interposed channels to receive agricultural knowledge. Furthermore, the study was intended to investigate farmers' socio-demographic traits and their subsequent link with the usage of social media and interpersonal communication channels. Data for this research study were gathered from 257 farmers in the Faisalabad district. A structured questionnaire was utilised to collect data as part of the survey approach. Among the social media, Facebook is the most used media and among interpersonal channels Cosmopolite's character of famers was rated highest. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/acquisition-of-agricultural-information-from-the-social-media-and-interpersonal-channels-by-farmers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).47 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Prominent Leftist Leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: An Appraisal Mohammad Ayaz Shakila Naz Fayyaz Ali Leftist Marxist Nationalist Pakhtun Progressive Revolutionary The history of leftist politics in NWFP (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) draws significantly less attention in scholarly and academic journals on national and international politics than other topics do. This was because of Pakistan's alliance with the US-led capitalist camp right after independence in 1947, which made it difficult for its leftist leaders to carry out their program. Throughout the Cold War era (1945-93) the leftist political parties in Pakistan in general and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular were incapable of consolidating their position in the post-colonial period and consequently remained marginalized in electoral politics. Despite severe state repression and cracks down, many of the notable leftist leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa continued to carry out their work. However, the list of these leaders is very long and could not be covered by a single research paper. Therefore, this study aims at highlighting the family background, biographies, and political achievements of only selected Six leftist leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Humanity Publications Lecturer/In-charge Chairman, Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Government Girls Post Graduate College, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies and Political Science, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KP, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-prominent-leftist-leaders-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-an-appraisal https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).48 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Narrative Building in Politics: A Critical Analysis of Imran Khan's Selected Discourse Fatima Arif Muhammad Akbar Khan Ali Haider Political Narrative Narrative Building Discourse Studies Narrative Analysis This paper aims to shed light on narrative building in politics. It explores how Former Prime Minister, Imran Khan built his political narrative and consequently got unrivalled popularity in his country. It also investigates Imran Khan's linguistic strategies used for building his political narrative since the early days of his political party. This study is qualitative and narrative analysis has been done on the selected excerpts from the speeches by Imran Khan to understand how he built such a powerful narrative that changed the political views and perception of the masses. The study also reveals that Mr Khan has manipulated his usage of language to influence the minds of his countrymen. Hero-card and the space left by his opponents both helped him to succeed in making his incomparable place in Pakistani politics. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Languages, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Languages, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Principal, Jinnah College of Education, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/narrative-building-in-politics-a-critical-analysis-of-imran-khans-selected-discourse https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).49 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Rise of Green Competitiveness: A Global Study from Scopus Database Muhammad Aqtab Ahmad Muhammad Ziaullah Muhammad Gulraiz Tariq Green Competitiveness Sustainable Society Clusters Scopus Database In this study, we explore the significance of environmental factors for companies and large businesses in the rapidly growing modern world. The focus is on green competitiveness, which plays a crucial role in sustainable development. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 30,000 scientific papers indexed in the Scopus database from 1996 to 2019. The analysis revealed that 2004 marked a turning point when research articles from around the world began highlighting the value of green competitiveness, a trend that has continued to dominate since then. Major nations like the United States, China, India, Great Britain, and Taiwan have addressed this phenomenon. The study identified clusters of scientific papers that connect green competitiveness with concepts such as green marketing, green innovation, and sustainable development. The findings suggest that implementing effective marketing strategies based on green competitiveness can contribute to building a productive and sustainable society. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-rise-of-green-competitiveness-a-global-study-from-scopus-database https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).50 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Green Energy Solutions for the Local Tourist Sector in Pakistan Hafsah Batool Samra Khalid Touqeer Ahmad Tourism Industry Green Energy Solutions Environmental Degradation Mixed-methods Approach Barriers and Challenges Sustainable Tourism Economic and Social Benefits The tourism industry in Pakistan has grown, leading to increased energy consumption and environmental degradation. To address this, green energy solutions are being explored. A study examined the potential, barriers, and benefits of such solutions in the local tourist sector. Survey results showed moderate concern for environmental impact, with some support for green energy. However, respondents were hesitant to pay extra for these services. Correlation analysis indicated relationships between variables, but causation requires further study. Thematic analysis revealed awareness and support for sustainable tourism, but more action is needed. The study recommends prioritizing green energy adoption by businesses and government institutions to mitigate environmental impact and maximize tourism's economic and social benefits. Humanity Publications Lecturer / Head of International Resource Centre (DFDI), Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor of Economic, Higher Education Department. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/green-energy-solutions-for-the-local-tourist-sector-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).51 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Relationship between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms through Moderating Role of ISO-14001 Nosheen Rasool Zunaira Zulfiqar Corporate Governance Financial Performance Environmental Management Standards Return on Asset Tobin’s Q The objective of this research is to investigate the potential moderating role of ISO14001 in the relationship between corporate governance and firm financial performance. Corporate governance is measured using four dimensions, the variable considered in this analysis encompass board size, frequency of board meetings, gender diversity within the board, and the presence of independent non-executive directors. The assessment of financial performance involves both accounting-based and market-based metrics. The results of this study are obtained from annual company reports, and the study employs purposive sampling with a sample size of 70 manufacturing firms from the PXS 100 index. The empirical findings indicate that CG has a positive significant influence on both ROA and Tobin's Q. Additionally, ISO14001 significantly moderates the relationship between CG and FP. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor/ In-charge, Department of Commerce & Finance, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Commerce & Finance, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/relationship-between-corporate-governance-and-financial-performance-of-manufacturing-firms-through-moderating-role-of-iso14001 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).52 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Performance of Pakistani Equity Mutual Funds During Bull and Bear Market Muhammad Yousif Muhammad Ziaullah Muhammad Gulraiz Tariq Pakistani Equity Mutual Funds Bull and Bear Market Stocks Finance Financial Goals This study examines equity mutual funds in Pakistan within bull and bear market contexts.It traces the evolution and significance of mutual funds, particularly their adoption by investors for retirement and financial goals. Despite a substantial presence of open-ended and closed-ended mutual funds, Pakistan's mutual fund industry remains comparatively small on a global scale. Equity mutual funds, focused on stocks, appeal to young investors seeking higher returns with moderate risk. These funds enable risk diversification and effective portfolio management by experienced professionals. While small investors benefit from equity funds, their performance is subject to public scrutiny due to robust regulatory oversight. This research sheds light on equity mutual funds' role in Pakistan's financial landscape, emphasizing their importance in providing accessible and diversified investment options for a range of investors. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-performance-of-pakistani-equity-mutual-funds-during-bull-and-bear-market https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).53 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Head Teachers' Transformational Style on Students Achievements Muhammad Iqbal Shamim Ullah Rizwan Ahmad School Heads Transformational Leadership Style Students’ Achievement This research was done to explore the head teachers’ transformational leadership style, to see its impact on students’ achievement. The descriptive quantitative and survey approach was applied to conduct this research. The data were attained from secondary school teachers about the transformational leadership style of their heads through a five-point questionnaire. The matriculation results of students from sampled schools were also taken to see the effect of the head's leadership style on students' achievements. The purposive sampling method was used to collect data. Eight representative schools were selected from the district Lahore cantonment area and fifteen teachers were selected from each school to collect data and analyse SPSS. The data is presented in frequency distribution tables. Descriptive and influential statistics were applied to infer from data. It revealed that school heads with transformational leadership styles and strict rules regulations clear goals and values had a high effect on students’ achievements. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, The Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Division of Education, University of Education, Lahore, Punajab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-head-teachers-transformational-style-on-students-achievements https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).54 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultural Assimilation Leading to Third Space Identity: A Postcolonial Analysis of The Reluctant Fundamentalist Muhammad Iqbal Umair Ahmed Khan Shozab Ali Raza Abbasi Cultural Assimilation Third Space Identity Postcolonial 9/11 The present paper analyzes the novel ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ (2007) from the postcolonial perspective in terms of Cultural Assimilation and Third Space Identity. Postcolonial theory features cultural hybridity and conflictive and conflated identities with a specific focus on theorists like Frantz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth’ (1961), Edward Said’s, ‘Orientalism’ (1978) and Homi K. Bhabha’s 8‘Location of Culture’(1994). In the postcolonial context, cultural assimilation refers to cultural domination where the dominant culture seeks to erase indigenous culture and identity, whereas the Third Space Identity is the in-between space where cultural identities are hybridized. In ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ Pakistani expatriate, Changes is filled to the brim with the issue of an identity crisis. After 9/11 he questions his American Dream when he experiences the prejudice of Americans against Muslims. The paper will explore the theme of identity consciousness and crisis that leads to hybridization in the selected text by applying postcolonial theory. The focus of the study will be on Cultural assimilation and Third Space identity and will examine ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ the in pre and post-9/11 literary and socio-political milieu. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, College of Tourism & Hotel Management, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, The University of Layyah, Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultural-assimilation-leading-to-third-space-identity-a-postcolonial-analysis-of-the-reluctant-fundamentalist https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).55 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Developing Administration Competencies of Educational Managers in Services Teachers-Training Program QAED Punjab: A Case Study Muhammad Abbas Raza Ur Rehman Muhammad Arif Administration Educational Managers In-service Teacher Training Program (INSTTP) Promotion-linked Training Program (PLTP) Through in-service teachers' training program administration competencies among educational managers, increased efficacy in the study delves into the realm of educational management.The aim of this study was to deal with administration, decision-making, resource allocation, team management, and conflict resolution. This case study is a qualitative and exploratory analysis of the experiences and transformations undergone by educational managers in the QAED Teachers-Training Program approach to explore this program's effectiveness and outcomes in enhancing educational managers' administrative skills. The study's methodology involves in-depth interviews of fifteen participants with a select group of educational managers who have participated in the QAED, promotion-linked training program. Themes are extracted using thematic analysis to discern patterns in their responses. By fostering administration competencies, the QAED Teachers-Training Program can contribute to the enhancement of educational management practices in Punjab. In conclusion, this exploratory study offers valuable insights into the development of administration competencies through this program. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development (QAED/DSD), Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/developing-administration-competencies-of-educational-managers-in-services-teacherstraining-program-qaed-punjab-a-case-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).56 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Electoral Symphony: Unveiling Sindh's Voting Voyage (An Insightful Exploration of the 2018 General Elections) Abdul Rahim Muhammad Nadeemullah Electoral Symphony Voting Voyage General Elections Sindh Pakistan This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the electoral process in Sindh, shedding light on the key factors that shaped voter behaviour and influenced election outcomes. By examining the socio-political dynamics, voter demographics, campaign strategies, and the role of technology, this study offers valuable insights into the electoral symphony that unfolded during the 2018 general elections in Sindh. In the last election, PPP secured 42 seats with a vote percentage of 15.23%. The popular vote share also increased to 13.03%, although there was a slight swing of 2.29 percentage points towards a decrease. These election outcomes depict a significant shift in the political landscape of Pakistan. Imran Khan's PTI emerged as the leading party, securing the highest number of seats and a considerable popular vote share. Humanity Publications Ph.D, Pakistan Study, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Social Work, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-electoral-symphony-unveiling-sindhs-voting-voyage-an-insightful-exploration-of-the-2018-general-elections https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).57 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Six Sigma Practices on Teaching-Learning Effectiveness: A Case Study of the University of Okara Muhammad Tahir Khan Farooqi Muhammad Naveed Khalid Aima Shafiq Six Sigma Education Quality Teaching Effectiveness The study aimed to assess the impact of implementing Six Sigma practices on teaching effectiveness. This exploratory research, conducted at the University of Okara, centred on teachers from various departments. Qualitative data was gathered via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that faculty members were unintentionally addressing three phases (define, measure, and analyze) of the Six Sigma process due to a lack of awareness. Students were knowledgeable about their educational standards and rights, and their issues were addressed when communicated. However, the remaining two phases (improvement and control) of Six Sigma were neglected by university teachers, with quantity taking precedence over quality. Teachers acquainted with Six Sigma practices demonstrated greater teaching effectiveness. The study recommends raising awareness among teaching staff about Six Sigma practices and ensuring their implementation for better outcomes. Expanding the data collection scope for result triangulation is also suggested. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Resource Person, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Education, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-six-sigma-practices-on-teachinglearning-effectiveness-a-case-study-of-the-university-of-okara https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).58 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Global Citizenship and Cosmopolitanism in Burnt Shadows and the Inheritance of Loss Rukhsar Aalam Nailah Riaz The Inheritance of Loss Burnt Shadows Cosmopolitanism Globalization Diaspora The study of global ties is the focus of cosmopolitanism. Cultural, ethnic, and racial harmony are among its stated goals. This research analyses the effects of cosmopolitanism and globalization on the construction of authority and individuality in the novels The Inheritance of Loss and Burnt Shadows. Bhabha's (1994) framework was used for the analysis. The research found that cosmopolitanism is influenced by both cultural and social elements. Examining the effects of cosmopolitanism on postcolonial art is the focus of this research. Postcolonial scholars and others will be impacted by the study. It emphasizes comparative literature from around the world. This method encourages researchers to delve deeper into how postcolonial literature's global themes have influenced contemporary debates. The findings may stimulate further conversations on how to deal with issues of self and authority in a globalized society, as suggested by the paper's conclusion. Humanity Publications M.Phil English Literature, Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Head, Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/global-citizenship-and-cosmopolitanism-in-burnt-shadows-and-the-inheritance-of-loss https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).59 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Tailoring the Scrum Framework for Non-IT Small Projects: A Longitudinal Action Research Study on US Business Adoption Md Sajedul Karim Chy Scrum Framework Agile Project Management Small Business Action Research Organizational Adaptation Non-it Projects Longitudinal Study Business Process Improvement The paper will explore whether Scrum is suitable to be extended to non-IT small business projects in the United States. The researchers conducted a longitudinal action research with 24-month follow-up on 142 small businesses in manufacturing, retail, professional service and healthcare sectors. The results indicated that the custom Scrum had a great positive impact on the project completion rate, the satisfaction of clients, and the productivity of a team. The main modifications were the reduction of the time spent at meetings, the integration of the responsibilities of the Product Owner and Scrum Master, and documentation simplification. Study discovered that the long-term adoption was possible when the management had a commitment at the outset and where teams would continuously perfect the framework as the implementation progressed.Overall,the study can indicate that Scrum could be effective in much more than software development provided that it is adjusted to a non-IT small project environment. Humanity Publications Masters of Business Administration, Washington University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA 22314, United States. 2023-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/tailoring-the-scrum-framework-for-nonit-small-projects-a-longitudinal-action-research-study-on-us-business-adoption https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).60 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 2 Pakistan

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From Brain-Gain to Brain-Drain: Analyzing Emigration Drivers in Nigeria and the Socio-economic Implications for Future Development Emmanuel Oludayo Brain Drain Brain Gain Socio-economic Development Exodus Emigration Immigration Brain-drain occurs when highly educated and skilled people leave their home nations for greater chances abroad. Over the years, Nigeria, a developing nation with major socio-economic issues, has lost a significant portion of its workforce. People leave Nigeria for lack of jobs, inadequate infrastructure, unpredictable governmental administration, and uncompetitive wages and benefits. The loss of qualified personnel hinders the country's ability to supply basic services, innovate, and grow economically, hurting healthcare, education, and economic development. Nigeria needs job wage and service standards reform to stop brain drain. This includes improving domestic employment, education, research and development, and investment and entrepreneurship. Scholarship, mentorship, and professional development initiatives may also reduce brain drain by encouraging skilled people to stay or return to Nigeria. Humanity Publications Department of International Politics, University of Hull, United Kingdom. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-braingain-to-braindrain-analyzing-emigration-drivers-in-nigeria-and-the-socioeconomic-implications-for-future-development https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Hybridity and the Quest for Self-Identity: A Critical Analysis of Nadia Hashimi's "Sparks Like Stars" ( 2021) Samina Yasmin Mumtaz Ahmad Cultural Hybridity Self-Identity Nadia Hashimi "Sparks Like Stars" Peter Morey Postcolonial Discourse This study addresses the depiction of cultural hybridity and its ramifications on self-identity within Nadia Hashimi's "Sparks Like Stars" (2021), focusing on the protagonist's challenges and opportunities in navigating multiple cultural identities. The research problem centers on understanding the complex interplay between cultural hybridity and individual identity formation in a postcolonial context. Significantly, This approach adds to questions on how literary autobiographical narratives manage cultural hybridity in contemporary society. Employing Peter Morey's theoretical framework on cultural representation, the study aims to dissect the nuanced portrayal of the protagonist's journey towards self-identity, amidst the backdrop of inherited and acquired cultural influences. The novel's intricate exploration of cultural hybridity's impact on identity and the protagonist's struggle and growth as a postcolonial identity symbol.The study concludes by affirming the essential role of cultural hybridity in shaping complex individual identities, thereby enriching the discourse on postcolonial studies and multicultural literature. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, The University of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/hybridity-and-the-quest-for-selfidentity-a-critical-analysis-of-nadia-hashimis-sparks-like-stars-2021 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Understanding the Pan-Africanists in Africa Brel Grace Mangalala Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanist Pan-African Pan-African Revolutionary This paper studies the Pan-Africanists in Africa. The main concern is to identify and draw the difference which exists between the Pan-Africanists of yesterday and those of today in the context of developing Africa. Through a socio-historical perspective, the study agrees that the Pan-Africanists of yesterday were radical and determined about the socio-economic and political progress of Africa because they needed both the liberation and unification of Africa whilst the Pan-Africanists of today are no longer determined about the immediate socio-economic and political progress of Africa, because they lack both the purpose and a revolutionary spirit in the struggle for Pan-Africanism. The paper recommends that Africa needs a new generation of Pan-African Revolutionaries who can have both a revolutionary spirit and a sense of solidarity and unity in the struggle for Pan-Africanism in Africa, as well as a new type of citizen, a dedicated, modest, honest, uncorrupted and informed man. Humanity Publications Department of Foreign and Modern Languages, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, University of Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/understanding-the-panafricanists-in-africa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Language Styles of Pakistani Teenage Instagram Users Aisha Farid Muhammad Sabboor Hussain Roheen Malik Language style Instagram Users Teenager Pre-adult The objective of this research is to identify the language styles used by teenage Instagram users in Pakistan and their frequency. 'Style' refers to the language variation used based on the degree of formality or informality of the situation. To collect data, the researcher focused on the posts and stories of teenagers and pre-adult Instagram users and used a quantitative approach. The collected data was analyzed according to the theoretical framework provided by Indra, I., & Hamzah, H. (2018). The analysis revealed that the most common language style used by Instagram users in Pakistan is casual. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-sociolinguistic-analysis-of-language-styles-of-pakistani-teenage-instagram-users https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Modernistic Perspective on Kafka's Metamorphosis Muhammad Hasnain Muzaffar Qadar Muhammad Mubashir Alienation Dehumanization Existential Crisis Metamorphosis Symbolism Stream of Consciousness This study explores Kafka's "Metamorphosis" using a modernistic lens. The study employs a qualitative method, analyzing textual lines through the ideas of modernism presented by Berry (1995). Findings reveal that Kafka employed experimental writing techniques of symbolism and stream of consciousness to depict elements of hope and the human connection with himself. Moreover, "Metamorphosis" contains modernistic themes of dehumanization, existential crisis, fear, violence, and absurdity. All these themes signify the degradation of Samsa to the extent that he ultimately meets his death. This study paves the way for academia to perceive literature in a broader sense rather than confining it to a single lens of interpretation. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Graduate, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/modernistic-perspective-on-kafkas-metamorphosis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Mediating Role of Fear of Intimacy in the Interplay of Partner Rejection and Marital Satisfaction among Married Women Sadia Qazi Sara Najam Imran Mahmood Intimate Partner's Acceptance-rejection Fear of Intimacy Marital Satisfaction The study investigated the association between intimate partner rejection and marital satisfaction in a sample of 250 married women (M = 32.38, SD = 3.73; age range: 25-45). This research made use of the Intimate Adult Relationship Questionnaire (IARQ), the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI), and the Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS). A correlation between couple rejection, fear of intimacy, and marital satisfaction was hypothesized. Findings suggested a significant positive association between partner rejection and fear of intimacy and a significant negative correlation between partner rejection and marital satisfaction. The mediating effect of fear in intimate relationships, or the correlation between partner rejection and marital pleasure, has been shown via structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings emphasized the link between marital satisfaction, intimacy, and the partner’s rejection. The research points to the need for counsellors to address intimacy fears and strengthen relationships via the use of individualized strategies and focused communication treatments. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Applied Psychology, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, Uludag Üniversitesi, Bursa, Türkiye Associate Lecture, Department of Psychology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-mediating-role-of-fear-of-intimacy-in-the-interplay-of-partner-rejection-and-marital-satisfaction-among-married-women https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impact of Different Social Media Channels on Online Buying behavior: Comparative Case Study of UK with Reference to COVID-19 Saif Aslam Sufi Nouman Riaz Maria Aslam Online Purchase Behavior UK Social Media COVID-19 Marketing. COVID-19 has drastically affected the business sector all around the globe and its subsequent implications have changed the buying habits of consumers. This comparative inquiry seeks to evaluate the online buying behavior of customers amid different scenarios for developing an empirical idea how different social media platforms influenced the online purchase behavior of customers before and after global pandemic. The population of this study primarily encompasses the social media users. Objective responses are gathered from 100 respondents using online survey questionnaire and data is analyzed using statistical analysis techniques. The results have indicated an increase in the customer shift from physical shopping to the online shopping and also indicated that different social sharing platforms including Instagram and Facebook positively influenced the purchase intention of customers during the times of crisis. Humanity Publications MPhil, Public Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil, Public Administration, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-different-social-media-channels-on-online-buying-behavior-comparative-case-study-of-uk-with-reference-to-covid19 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The British Government's Disregard Towards Women in Democratisation Process from 1832 to 1918 Garel Ngatsongo Armel Mbon Women Democratisation Process Injustice First World War 1918 Reform Act This work is concerned with the British Government’s disregard towards women in the democratisation process in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries purposely showing the negative impact of the traditional view of women by men in the current political sphere. From the historical perspective, the results have proved that the British Government has developed some unfair behaviour vis-à-vis women, which excluded them from political life for several years. Moreover, after a long struggle between the people and the Government, Parliament voted for the First Reform Act in 1832. This Act gave the right to vote to some men from the Middle Class, but no particular attention was paid to women's cause. Warned of this disqualification, women decided to rise up and claim their rights, but this would not be a simple affair. In the long run of time, men alike women, made up their minds to vigorously attack the Government.  Humanity Publications Parcours-type, Langues Vivantes Etrangères, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo. (Standard Course, Modern Foreign Languages, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo) Parcours-type, Langues Vivantes Etrangères, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo. (Standard Course, Modern Foreign Languages, Marien NGOUABI University, Brazzaville, Congo) 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-british-governments-disregard-towards-women-in-democratisation-process-from-1832-to-1918 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Neurotransmitters and Tourism Happiness: Unraveling the Link between Brain Chemistry and Tourist Experience Mohammad Alam Ahmad Faraz Alam Zeb Happiness Hormones Neurotransmitters Rehabilitation Mobility Tourism Neurotransmitters, hormones that regulate emotions and sensations, play a crucial role in happiness. Chemicals, released as hormones in the bloodstream, trigger emotions and sensationsin the human body, affecting mood and  emotions influenced by both external and internal factors. Travel, a trend that promotes active health and quality of life, involves activities like sightseeing, hiking, and socializing. These activities help reduce stress, anxiety, and boredom, promoting overall well-being and mental health. Travel & tourism can create memorable experiences that stimulate happiness, during travel reducing tension and anxiety and enhancing overall well-being. Engaging in activities that stimulate happiness hormones can alleviate strain and angst while enhancing mental health. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Hazara, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Tourism & Hotel Management, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Tourism & Hotel Management, University of Malakand, KP, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/neurotransmitters-and-tourism-happiness-unraveling-the-link-between-brain-chemistry-and-tourist-experience https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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ID Card Please! No Sir: Dissecting Power of LEAs in Document Checks Aisha Rasool Fazli Dayan Licenses Frequently Routine Public Holiday Enforcing Traffic Regulation Citizens across the globe, especially in Pakistan mostly are asked a frequent yet debatable query and demand for identity cards and other documents on a daily basis by the Police. Be it the scheduled checkpoints or informal exchanges, the police officers habitually ask the citizens to show their identification documents. Though such actions are meant to guarantee security and uphold law and order, their legitimacy and legal sanctity have ignited much debate and raised significant concerns about individual rights and distresses like privacy invasion. The "equilibrium between the right to privacy and the concerns like security" is the epicentre of our analysis. From one perspective, promising security, peace and tranquillity and enforcing laws are the duties invested in the executive, however, the matter of Privacy invasion is yet another factor to be appraised by the LEAs. Humanity Publications Director, Research & Publications, Federal Judicial Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Head Department/Associate Dean of Law, Faculty of Law, Grand Asian University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. 2023-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/id-card-please-no-sir-dissecting-power-of-leas-in-document-checks https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 8, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Syntactic Analysis of Urdu Case Clitics as Postpositions in Comparison with English Prepositions Sana Mahmood Qureshi Hashmi Syntactic Theory Syntactic Analysis Urdu Case Clitics Urdu Postpositions English Prepositions The differences between Urdu and English pose many challenges for learners in Pakistan. One of them is the functioning of ‘Urdu case clitics as postpositions in comparison with English prepositions’. ‘Case Theory’ by Chomsky and Lasnik in 1977 has been implemented to qualitatively analyze whether Urdu accusative, dative and instrumental case clitics can function as Urdu postpositions in comparison with English prepositions. The study's major findings demonstrate that Urdu accusative case clitic ‘KO’ as well as Urdu dative case clitic ‘KO’ do not have structural compatibility with the English preposition ‘to’, hence, cannot be determined as Urdu postpositions. However, instrumental ‘se’ case clitics are harmonious to English prepositions to be called Urdu postpositions, for their placement in a sentence in relation to the noun they are modifying. The study also concludes the recommendation of further research to analyze the semantic properties of Urdu case clitics in comparison with English prepositions. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Quetta Campus, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/syntactic-analysis-of-urdu-case-clitics-as-postpositions-in-comparison-with-english-prepositions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) Government through the Lense of Print Media: Exploring the Predominant Narratives Syed Abid Ali Bukhari Nadia Saleem Waqar Ahmad PDM No-Confidence-Motion Imran Khan Content Analysis Framing Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) was a significant political alliance formed in 2020, comprising major opposition parties in Pakistan. The PDM came into power as a result of a 'no-confidence-motion' (NCM) against the then Prime Minister Mr Imran Khan in April 2022. The NCM and its consequences are very interesting given the fact that this 'political move' was very first of its kind in the history of Pakistan which resulted in the toppling of a democratically elected PM. The move and its subsequent political result i.e. the formation of the PDM government received a variety of coverage in the media. This study is an attempt to explore the coverage of PDM government-related issues by dailies The Dawn and The News International from February 2022 to August 2022. This research is an attempt to determine and analyze the predominant narratives produced by the selected newspapers regarding the PDM government in their editorials. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Virtual University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Independent Researcher, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakistan-democratic-movement-pdm-government-through-the-lense-of-print-media-exploring-the-predominant-narratives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Critical Thinking Skills Development: An Analysis of Mathematics Curriculum 2006 (Grade-wise) Muhammad Jamil Noor Muhammad Muhammad Aslam Critical Thinking Mathematics Curriculum Qualitative Content Analysis Grade Levels Logical Reasoning Problem-Solving Technology Integration The current qualitative study was conducted to analyze the mathematics curriculum across grade levels for students’ critical thinking skills development. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the document with the facilitation of NVivo software. As per the analysis, Grades I-III cover core math concepts at an introductory level using real-life examples presented concretely. Then grades IV-VIII revisit these same ideas with more depth and add logical reasoning. Finally (IX-X) and higher secondary (XI-XII) levels aim to build a rigorous conceptual understanding of complex mathematical topics like calculus, vectors, and complex numbers as well as non-routine problem-solving capacity utilizing proof techniques and technology tools like MAPLE software. The research results show that the curriculum is indeed effective for 21st-century skills development such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and technological literacy. Students who complete this systematic program will be prepared for advanced studies or careers that require mathematical proficiency. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Training, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/critical-thinking-skills-development-an-analysis-of-mathematics-curriculum-2006-gradewise https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Variation in the Grammatical Feature of 'Voice' across the Spoken and Written Academic Registers of BS English Students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan Fazal Malik Ayaz Afsar Corpus Spoken Registers Written Registers Situational Context Voice The research paper investigates variation in the prevalence and distribution of ‘voice’ in the spoken (presentations/interviews) and written (essays/midterm exam scripts) academic registers of BS English students of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and the relation of this variation to the situational circumstances of the concerned registers. The learner corpus was constructed. The data was collected from BS English students of the twelve public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All the texts were transcribed, coded, and then analysed through the computer software AntConc (3.5.8). The present study is unique in the sense that it has conducted a comparative analysis of the various spoken and written sub-registers of English in the academic non-native environment. This study has great implications for researchers in the field of register analysis, material design, and language teaching. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/variation-in-the-grammatical-feature-of-voice-across-the-spoken-and-written-academic-registers-of-bs-english-students-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-province-of-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring Humanity Versus Nature in the Writings of Robert Frost and Ghani Khan: An Ecocritical Analysis Raees Khan Nature Ecocriticism Human Nature Love. Environment The current study examines human beings versus nature in Robert Frost's and Ghani Khan's writings. Frost's contribution to nature is from English literature, whereas, Ghani Khan's anthology is an exceptional appreciation of nature from Pashto literature. Both of the literary figures illustrate nature and human's treatment of nature. Ecocriticism is used as a lens to analyze the writings of Robert Frost and Ghani Khan. Ghani Khan is labelled as a mad philosopher due to his unconventional writing style, perception of nature, and exotic expression of love. The enchanting beauty of nature and its mysterious hazards are different sides of a single coin in Frost's writings. Nature has prime importance in both of the glaring literary figures from America and Pakistan. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, Karabuk University, Turkiye 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-humanity-versus-nature-in-the-writings-of-robert-frost-and-ghani-khan-an-ecocritical-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Self-Actualization in the Character of Woman: A Psychoanalytic Study of the Patience Stone Farman Ali Kamran Zeb Patience Stone Atiq Rahimi Abraham Maslow Self-Actualization Self-actualization is the aspiration of an individual to reach their full potential and make use of their abilities, talents, and capacities. However, this is not as simple a process as it may sound. The Hierarchy of Needs developed by Abraham Maslow identifies numerous levels in the process of self- actualization. Atiq Rahimi’s The Patience Stone (2008) represents the anxiety of the female protagonist in achieving self-actualization, in war-torn Afghanistan. The purpose of this research is to trace and unfold the process of self-actualization in the psychoanalytically complex female persona of "the woman". In order to achieve this goal, the study subscribes to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and certain postulates of Human Motivation theory. Moreover, the study applied a qualitative approach, blended with content analysis as a methodological tools for the analysis of the text. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Government Degree College N o.2 Mardan, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/selfactualization-in-the-character-of-woman-a-psychoanalytic-study-of-the-patience-stone https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Biden's Speech at Jordan's King Visit for Immediate Ceasefire : A Critical Discourse Analysis of US Perspective on Israel-Palestine War Shahid Aslam Abdul Haseeb Ezmi Sundas Rafique Biden's speech CDA Israel-Palestine war US perspective The study is the investigation of Biden's speech delivered at Jordan's King Abdullah II visit amid the Israel-Palestine war for an immediate ceasefire. The study aims to explore the US perspective on the Israel-Palestine war through Biden's speech. Purposive sampling of US President Biden's recent speech delivered on February 13th, 2024, is done to investigate the contemporary perspective of the US on the Israel-Palestine war using Fairclough's three-dimensional model. Findings revealed that, at the description level, values of words and grammar through contrastive schemes represent specific ideologies associated with Hamas and Israel. At the interpretation level, text and context indicate Hamas as the only one responsible for the chaos and Israel as the bearer of circumstances. At the explanation phase, the speech seems normative as the US projects its diplomatic role as a global power in sustaining peace and seems to support Israel due to shared cultural values.  Humanity Publications M.Phil English, Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Bahuddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/bidens-speech-at-jordans-king-visit-for-immediate-ceasefire-a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-us-perspective-on-israelpalestine-war https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Corpus-based Ecosophical Analysis of Discourse Produced Around the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Humera Faraz Muhammad Saleem Tariq Mehmood Corpus CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) ECDA (Ecological Critical Discourse Analysis) Ecosophy SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) This research explores the Ecosophy of discourse produced around the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The study starts with building a corpus of texts, taken from the official website of the CPEC. The list of 18 key words was made, based on three United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) out of 17 goals. Theoretical framework of Stibbe’s (2015) ecocritical discourse perspective is used to develop the Ecosophy of the CPEC, while analytical framework is based on three UN sustainable development goals outlined in 2015. Corpus linguistics as a methodology is used to undergo quantitative and qualitative analysis. In quantitative analysis, collocates were analyzed by identifying Mutual Information (MI) score. The highest MI score (11.26013) is gained by the collocation named CPEC-Deforestation and the lowest is of CPEC-Water (0.87352) which show that the infrastructure project of the CPEC caused deforestation and less affected water. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Independent Researcher Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-corpusbased-ecosophical-analysis-of-discourse-produced-around-the-chinapakistan-economic-corridor-cpec https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Permissive Parenting, Self Regulation and Risk-Taking Behavior among Adolescents Ayesha Ashraf Muhammad Luqman Khan Naheed Atta Adolescents Permissive Parenting Risk‐ Taking behaviour Self‐regulation The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship among permissive parenting, self-regulation and risk-taking behaviour among adolescents. Parents displaying a permissive parenting style often let their adolescents choose what to do. Due to the lack of boundaries and rules set under permissive parenting, adolescents may view their parents as more of a friend or an equal rather than a person of authority and this leads to poor self-regulation abilities among adolescents. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study. 180 College students from the public and private colleges of Toba Tek Singh between the age range 12-18 were included in the study. PAQ developed by Buri (1991), ASRI developed by K.L (2007) Moilanen and RTSHIA by Vrouva (2010) were used. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine correlation and the predictive relationship among the variables under investigation. The results of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between permissive parenting and self-regulation among adolescents. Permissive parenting strongly predicts self-regulation among adolescents. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Psychology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Psychology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/permissive-parenting-self-regulation-and-risktaking-behavior-among-adolescents https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Echoes of Empire: Unveiling the Postcolonial Tapestry in Paul Scott's Staying On Fahad Saleem Safia Siddiqui Zuha Najeeb: Postcolonialism White Men’s Burden Alienation Orientalism Paul Scott's Staying On (2005) is one of the few novels that depict the lives of British leftovers who decided to stay in India even after the Independence. Unlike The Raj Quartet (1965-75), Scott's Staying On (2005), highlights the struggle of the White and Euro-Asians in independent India. This paper will investigate the White Men and Women's burden by keeping the themes of identity crisis, socio-cultural displacement, and womanhood in view. Staying On (2005) uses alienation and mimicry to display the hybrid culture of India. It connects the story of the Quartet through the characters of Tusker and Lucy Smalley and how these British remainders struggled to maintain their identity in India. This paper will also study the residual impacts of the British Raj to display the inversion of the roles between the Occident (West) and the Orient (East). Humanity Publications Research Scholar, Department of English Literature, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of English Literature, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/echoes-of-empire-unveiling-the-postcolonial-tapestry-in-paul-scotts-staying-on https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Automatic Spoofing Detection Using Deep Learning Muhammad Nafees Abid Rauf Rabbia Mahum Fake Audio Spoof Speech Detection Deep Learning Deep fakes stand out to be the most dangerous side effects of Artificial Intelligence. AI assists to produce voice cloning of any entity which is very arduous to categorize whether it’s fake or real. The aim of the research is to impart a spoofing detection system to an automatic speaker verification (ASV) system that can perceive false voices efficiently. The goal is to perceive the unapparent audio elements with maximum precision and to develop a model that is proficient in automatically extracting audio features by utilizing the ASVspoof 2019 dataset. Hence, the proposed ML-DL SafetyNet model is designed that delicately differentiate ASVspoof 2019 dataset voice speeches into fake or bonafide. ASVspoof 2019 dataset is characterized into two segments LA and PA. The ML-DL SafetyNet model is centred on two unique processes; deep learning and machine learning classifiers. Both techniques executed strong performance by achieving an accuracy of 90%. Humanity Publications MSc, Department of Data Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. MSc, Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MS, Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/automatic-spoofing-detection-using-deep-learning https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Assessing Secondary School Teachers' Perceptions of Counseling and Guidance in Karachi, Pakistan Nazir Ahmad Rozina Sewani Farzana Jabeen Khoso Guidance and Counseling Teachers' Attitude Need and Importance Implementation Study examines teachers' perspectives on guidance and counseling in secondary schools. Teachers are backbone of education to build personality of individuals, motivate and help them chalk out future plans. A simple random sampling technique selected 170 males and females. Quantitative research technique used, and data collected through survey.The survey questionnaire was developed, and data was collected from secondary schools’ teachers. The responses of the participants of the study were entered for analysis of the data in SPSS version 22. Most of the population agreed to enhance the guidance and counseling sessions in schools as they increase student understanding and fulfill student needs. Study recommended that teachers be aware of guidance and counseling to build students who can express their thoughts, opinions and develop social skills. School administration should organize the guidance and counseling program and hire trained guidance and counseling teachers to implement the guidance and counseling sessions. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Education, Fatimiyah Higher Education System, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Education and Social Sciences, Iqra University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessing-secondary-school-teachers-perceptions-of-counseling-and-guidance-in-karachi-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Coke Studio: Adaptation of Folk Songs for Bridging Cultural and Generation Gap Ayesha Saddiqa Fatima Sajid Chauhan Adeen Asif Coke Studio Folk Songs Adaptations Multi-modality Third Space Coke Studio (CS, Pakistan) showcases a fusion of various musical genres, from traditional classical, folk, Sufi, ghazal, and qawwali to contemporary hip-hop, rock, and pop. This study explores the adaptation of folk songs within CS through Cardwell's 'meta-text' theory (2002), contending that the essence of the original text is retained in subsequent adaptations. Additionally, it examines the rhizome-like nature of these adaptations. Employing multimodality, the study analyzes folk songs from Coke Studio Season 10, utilizing auditory, visual, and spatial elements to create a cohesive artifact with broad semiotic appeal in today's globalized world. CS's immense popularity underscores its ability to balance aesthetic concerns with technological advancements. Furthermore, the study positions CS as a platform for rediscovering, reforming, and sustaining cultural heritage, catering to the new generation. By blending traditional folk with rock elements and appealing to audiences of all ages, CS bridges the gap between generations, fostering a 'third space' music as proposed by Bhabha (1994). This music is now intertwined with contemporary youth culture, contributing to the emergence of a new national identity. Thus, the adaptations of folk songs in Coke Studio serve as a contemporary reinterpretation of history and cultural heritage, connecting youth with their past while grounding them in the present. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Government Graduate College for Women, Samanabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. College for Women, Samanabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. O Level (International General Certificate of Secondary Education-IGCSE) Scholar, L'ecole Mondiale School, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/coke-studio-adaptation-of-folk-songs-for-bridging-cultural-and-generation-gap https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An Extensive Examination of Artificial Intelligence's Effect on Unmanned Vehicles Umaima Zaman Artificial Intelligence (AI) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) Natural Language Processing (NLP) Global Positioning System (GPS) Unmanned vehicles are simplest one of the many regions in which artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to end up a game-changing technological development. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are being incorporated into unmanned cars, along with self-riding automobiles and drones, to enhance their vision, navigation, and decision-making talents. The in-depth analysis of AI's results on autonomy, safety, performance, and societal ramifications is supplied in this paper on unmanned vehicles. This paper provides an overview of the modern-day standing of AI-enabled unmanned vehicles and shows destiny routes for studies and development in this quickly developing issue via a synthesis of current literature, case research, and technological breakthroughs. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations & Diplomacy, Geneva School of Diplomacy, Switzerland. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-extensive-examination-of-artificial-intelligences-effect-on-unmanned-vehicles https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Effect of Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Brand Passion Zargham Ullah Khan Iram Shahzadi Tania Arshad Celebrity Endorser Attractiveness Celebrity Endorser Expertise Celebrity Endorser Trustworthiness Celebrity Endorser Likeability Brand Passion Brand Loyalty The importance of current study is to find the effect of celebrity endorsement on brand passion and brand loyalty. Descriptive analysis, Correlation, Regression, Reliability, Frequency and Structure equation modeling applied in this analysis. An estimated hierarchical regression model was used to test the various hypotheses developed for the study. The findings showed that among consumers of clothing brands, factors such as celebrity endorsers' likeability, expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness were important in determining brand passion. The outcomes further demonstrated that brand loyalty had positively impacted by brand passion. Finally, brand passion had a significant positive mediating role between the likeability and attractiveness of celebrity endorsers and brand loyalty.The resources were fewer otherwise surveys could be done all over Pakistan. Additional effects or consequences of brand passion could not be considered, like word-of-mouth and readiness to pay higher prices. Future research may need to take these outcomes into account. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MBA, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MBA Candidate, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/effect-of-celebrity-endorsement-on-brand-loyalty-the-mediating-role-of-brand-passion https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Navigating Identity Negotiation and Cultural Adaptation in 'American Fever': A Critical Discourse Study Abdullah Yousaf Umara Shaheen Cultural Adaptation Power Dynamics Diaspora Identity Negotiation The current study aims to analyze the discursive construction and representation of the processes of cultural adaptation and identity negotiation among Pakistani students in America in Dur e Aziz Amna's novel American Fever (2022). The study utilizes Homi K. Bhabha’s concepts of hybridity and mimicry (1994) to unveil students' strategies during their stay in America. Fairclough’s three-dimensional model (1992) was also employed to examine linguistic choices underpinning power and resisting strategies used by the protagonist to establish her position in society. The findings indicate that Pakistani students adapt to American norms, contrasting their native culture. Power dynamics play a significant role in identity negotiation, as Islamophobia and the Pakistani identity of the students affect their power position in American society. The author has used evocative language, metaphors, intertextual references, and code-switching to render the complexities of cultural adaptation and manifest her resistance to prevailing ideologies, including Islamophobia and gender norms. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/navigating-identity-negotiation-and-cultural-adaptation-in-american-fever-a-critical-discourse-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Body, Place, and Memory: Sufism in Egypt throughout the 21st Century Mariam Waheed Sufism Place Body Waliyy Memory Ahl Al Bayt Egypt The study aims to contend that Sufism has long been considered in the hearts and minds of many Egyptians. People have always wanted to visit quality shrines to take Karamat or Baraka, a blessing power. The study sheds light on the importance of Sufi places for Egyptians through storytelling. Specific mosques are studied such as Al Sayida Zeinab, Al Sayida Nafisa, Sayyidna Al Hussein, Sidi Abdel Rahim El Qenawy, Sidi Al Morsi Abou El Abbas, Qubet Abou El Hawa. The focus is on the interaction between body and place in Sufi places through several questions raised throughout the study. From the stories mentioned throughout the paper, it is clear that not all Sufi Sheikhs Awliyaa are originally Egyptians. A lot of Sufis came to Egypt from all areas in the Arab World. Moreover, it was found that there is multifunctionality of a Sufi mosque and its influence on politics. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, Egypt. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/body-place-and-memory-sufism-in-egypt-throughout-the-21st-century https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Propp's Narrative Functions: Deciphering Hamlet's Character Transformation Nighat Shakur Syeda Aqsa Batool Narrative Structure Analysis Propp's Narrative Functions Hamlet Narrative analysis serves as a potent tool to unravel the subtleties of character progression and thematic resonance within storytelling. This study investigates the character transformation of Hamlet, the iconic protagonist of William Shakespeare's "Hamlet," employing Vladimir Propp's Morphology of the Folktale as an analytical framework. Through the lens of Proppian functions, the study explores Hamlet's journey from grief-stricken prince to tormented tragic hero, shedding light on the interplay between structural narrative components and emotional development. The research employs Propp's functions ranging from Absentation and Interdiction to Violation and Struggle to dissect pivotal moments in the play. These functions elucidate Hamlet's responses to absence, his internal conflicts, and his quest for justice. By mapping Hamlet's trajectory onto Propp's archetypal functions, this study unveils the intricate relationship between narrative structure and character metamorphosis. The analysis not only deepens our understanding of "Hamlet" as a timeless masterpiece but also exemplifies the synergy between traditional character analysis and structural narrative theory. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MS Scholar, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/propps-narrative-functions-deciphering-hamlets-character-transformation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Philosophical Analysis of Posting and Re-Posting Contents Regarding Pregnancy and Child Birth on Social Media Sawaira Sehreen Far Bokhari Seemab Far Bukhari Morality Fetus Intrinsic Value Digital Influencers Bloggers Vloggers The desire to become popular and earn money with the help of social media drives people to come up with something that is unique and interesting. Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram are the famous platforms to post and re-post desired data to get publicity, fame, and monetary benefits.The study focuses on the status of the fetus in this whole process of fame and gain. As the human fetus is considered sacred and a potential person in socio-religious and socio-ethical contexts, the act of sharing such data raises questions on the sanctity of the human fetus being used as a means to achieve some other ends which denies the worth and intrinsic value of human life. This article is an attempt to analyze these changing trends from a philosophical perspective and to determine their value and worth from the point of view of morality. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of Philosophy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, Department of Philosophy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD, Department of Communication and Media Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-philosophical-analysis-of-posting-and-reposting-contents-regarding-pregnancy-and-child-birth-on-social-media https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Neuroticism as a Predictor of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adults Sumaya Batool Muhammad Naveed Riaz Khadija Amanullah Adults Neuroticism Anxiousness Depression Stress The current study aimed to compare early adult neuroticism between the sexes. Investigating the relationship between early adult neuroticism and stress, anxiety, and depression was the other objective. The current study was carried out using a cross-sectional survey research approach. Each subject was contacted directly by the researcher, and each person's data was gathered separately. The study's 200 participants included an equal number of male and female pupils. A purposive sample method was used when selecting the participants. A Big Five Inventory (BFI) subscale was used to quantify neuroticism.Generally,the BFI dependability varied from 0.80 to 0.89. The scale for stress, anxiety, and depression was also used. Among young adults, neuroticism is a positive predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression. In summary, this research offers valuable insights into how personality traits impact mental health and how neuroticism plays a part in predicting the likelihood of internalizing psychological issues in early adulthood. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pubjab, Pakistan. Graduate, Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/neuroticism-as-a-predictor-of-depression-anxiety-and-stress-in-adults https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Investigating the Impact of Explicit and Implicit Instruction on Pragmatic Awareness and Production in Non-Native Learners: A Quasi-Experimental Research Ghulam Mubasher Muhammad Iqbal Iqra Rubab Implicit Instruction Explicit Instruction Pragmatic Awareness Pragmatic Production A crucial part of language competency is understanding social interactions to extract pertinent semantic cues in any expression's implied meaning besides grammatical and strategic competencies (Taguchi, 2011). Teaching of pragmatics is around 40 year older concept (Chen, 2011) while it is teachable (Bardovi,1999). The purpose of any language is communication (Locke, 1975) and avoiding face-threatening responses. Penelope (1987) elaborates on ways that are used to develop positive social interaction. Politeness theory is based on the concept of "face," which refers to a person's sense of self-esteem. Penelope’s (1987) “Politeness Theory” has been used in this study as a guiding theoretical framework. A mixed method approach has been adopted for getting real insight into the matter as the development of pragmatics. The study aims to find out the better way of teaching pragmatics and the impact of implicit and explicit teaching on the pragmatic production and awareness of communicative competence (Glaser, 2009). Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, HITEC University Taxila, Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan.. PhD Scholar, Department of English, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, AIMS, Government College University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-impact-of-explicit-and-implicit-instruction-on-pragmatic-awareness-and-production-in-nonnative-learners-a-quasiexperimental-research https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Determinants of Happiness among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan Irfan Arif Happiness Mental Health Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Physical Activity The idea of happiness is fundamental to mental health and influences several aspects of life. It is essential to consider the impact of persistent stress on individuals, particularly medical students. This study at Ayub Medical College aimed to evaluate factors influencing happiness among students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with ethical approval, using stratified random sampling to select participants. Data was gathered through two questionnaires: the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and another exploring additional factors. A total of 69 students participated, with an average happiness score of 4.01 ± 1.12. Results revealed that students who regularly engaged in physical activities, such as visiting the gym, reported higher happiness levels. Additionally, active involvement in social and religious organizations was linked to increased happiness. SPSS was used for data analysis. Also, people's happiness levels were much greater when they were actively involved in their social and religious organizations. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Health and Medical Science, University of Southern Queensland, Australia. 2024-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/determinants-of-happiness-among-university-students-a-crosssectional-study-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Advancing Pakistan's Criminal Investigation System: Embracing Modern Practices Tabinda Rani Arshad Nawaz Khan Sabeela Gul Criminal Practices Crimes Investigation System Modern Day Techniques in Investigation Pakistan This research paper is an attempt to understand and review the prevailing criminal investigation system and the criminal investigation procedures in the context of Pakistan.It also aims to analyze the modern techniques of criminal investigation being used around the globe and focus on remodeling the investigation system of Pakistan based on modern-day techniques and scientific instruments. The study employed qualitative methodology. Field research, surveys, different principles, approaches, and backgrounds used in the research were derived from assessments of law books, reports, newspapers, journals, and articles. A comparative analysis between one of the modern-day investigation systems, i.e., the United States, is drawn so that a better idea could be obtained of how the investigation system can remodel, based on modern trends and what loopholes need to be addressed. The findings provide insights that can be constructive for reforms and the growth of criminal investigation in Pakistan using modern and scientific techniques. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Law, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sharia and Law, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/advancing-pakistans-criminal-investigation-system-embracing-modern-practices- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring Modality Used by Pakistani Politicians during the Election 2024 Campaigns: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Urdu Print Media Headlines Badal Ram Marwari Jam Khan Muhammad Sahito Tania Laghari Political Discourse Power Ideology Manipulation Persuasion PIMI Analysis The present study draws attention to political discourse embedded with ideologies that cannot easily be decoded by a layman. For such a study a newly introduced integrative problem-oriented analytical tool the Power, Ideology, and Manipulation Identification (PIMI) model was created to do the analysis of political discourse and it further discloses the features and variations of language and discourse. The present paper discusses the analytical models (Chilton & Schäffner, 1997; Van Dijk, 2002), the new tool having the basis of two existing critical discourses. Discourse with its amazing adaptability and flexibility can be easily twisted and bent; it can create and destroy any kind of connections and bonds whenever it wants. Politicians better know how to play with words; they know how emotional expressions fulfill their agendas. The study explores the usage of modality employed by Pakistani politicians during the election campaigning to persuade their voters. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences For Women (PUMHSW), Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Centre of English language and linguistics (CELL), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-modality-used-by-pakistani-politicians-during-the-election-2024-campaigns-a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-urdu-print-media-headlines https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Assessment of the End Users' Perceptions About the Campus Management System: A Case Study of Kohat University of Science & Technology Oqba Khan Faridullah Khan Rashid Mustafa Systems Quality Information Quality Service Quality User Satisfaction Information management systems are in vogue for data gathering, storage, and reporting to make effective decision-making and management. The study was designed to investigate end users' satisfaction with different dimensions of the KCMS (Kohat University of Science and Technology Campus Management System) and their intent to use it. The theoretical basis came from DeLone–information Mclean's system model (2003). The researcher obtained data through questionnaires online and personally visiting departments. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between quality attributes and end-user happiness. All variables were compared using Pearson correlation. End-user satisfaction is highly correlated with quality dimensions (system, information, and service). ANOVA was used to compare user’s perceptions with quality dimensions where teachers and students were found highly satisfied with all the dimensions except administrative staff. Information systems also have a moderating effect on self-efficacy and usage intention. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Institute of Education & Research, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessment-of-the-end-users-perceptions-about-the-campus-management-system-a-case-study-of-kohat-university-of-science-amp-technology- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Unmasking the Minds of Serial Killers: A Jungian Analysis of Jeffrey Dahmer's and Javed Iqbal's Personalities Nayab Saqib Ghani Sadia Nazeer Anbarin Fatima Crime Personality Sexual Pleasure Psychological factors Shadow Persona This study examines the cause of evil and the emergence of serial killers' personalities, focusing on Jeffrey Dahmer and Javed Iqbal. Central to this investigation is the debate over whether killers are born evil or shaped by their experiences, highlighting the interplay between nature and nurture in creating notorious criminals. The research explores psychological, cultural, and societal influences on deviant behaviors, incorporating criminology, sociology, and forensic psychology insights. Additionally, it critiques the media’s portrayal of serial killers and its impact on societal perceptions, questioning the media’s role in shaping and understanding evil. By closely examining Dahmer and Iqbal through multiple lenses, this study promotes a deeper understanding of the complex processes underlying  criminal behavior and challenges cultural narratives that may perpetuate evil. Humanity Publications Teacher Assistant, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Head of the Department (HOD), Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/unmasking-the-minds-of-serial-killers-a-jungian-analysis-of-jeffrey-dahmers-and-javed-iqbals-personalities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Climate Change as A Catalyst for Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Preparedness Mian Haris Farooq Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Muhammad Fahim Khan Disaster Risk Reduction (DDR) Climate Change Ethnography Resilient Urban Planning Sustainable Management Green Climate Fund Disaster Mitigation Indigenous Knowledge Integration Sendai Framewor Climate change is a profound phenomenon that influences our environment in ways that not only create new problems but also intensify the existing ones. Drawing from comprehensive research, this article explores how climate change fosters change in policies and practices to counter such risks. A mixed method approach was implemented for this study, the first phase includes a quantitative analysis of existing policies, and the second phase includes a qualitative analysis. For this research paper, only qualitative findings of research are presented and discussed. Thematic areas include the impact of climate change on natural disasters, socio-economic implications, resilient urban planning and infrastructure development, mainstreaming climate science into DRR and emergency preparedness, international collaboration and policy formulation, and community-based approaches and indigenous knowledge integration. Study shows complicated interdependencies and cause-and-effect interactions between climate parameters and natural disasters. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climate-change-as-a-catalyst-for-disaster-risk-reduction-and-emergency-preparedness https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams Rida Qasim Yasmeen Tabassum Badar Mohy ud Din Testosterone Cortisol Competition Basketball players This study investigated testosterone and cortisol levels on mood states among university male basketball players who had been preparing themselves for the intervarsity competition 2023-2024. The researcher selected 24 players from the University of the Punjab, Lahore, and Government College University Lahore n=12 each, aged between 19 to 25 years. Psychological states were evaluated using the Profile of Mood States(POMS) after matches, while aerobic fitness was assessed using the Cooper Test, which correlates with testosterone levels and POMS parameters. The results revealed that the winners had a considerably higher level of testosterone, while cortisol levels were diminished. Winners further showed improved POMS scores that indicated better mood states and high VO2 max levels, an indication of better aerobic fitness. Results indicated that high testosterone levels are the cause of high vigor and enhanced psychological resilience and that low cortisol levels reflect a decrease in stress and anxiety after the competition. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/hormonal-influences-on-mood-examining-testosterone-and-cortisol-in-university-male-basketball-teams https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Impact of Visionary Leadership on Employee Commitment: Principal Leadership Perspective Abdul Wahab Fiaz Ahmad Razia Sultana Principal Visionary Leadership Communication Strategies Employee Commitment The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of Principal Leadership on the performance of teachers. The basic objectives of the study were (a) to find the key dimensions of Principal visionary leadership that contribute to employee commitment in educational settings. (b) To explore the role of communication strategies by principals in enhancing employee commitment through visionary leadership. and (c)   How do school principals perceive the impact of visionary leadership on employee commitment within their schools? Information was gathered through questionnaires using a Sample random sampling technique. Only 120 questionnaires were received and using different statistical methods, including mean, percentage, Pearson's correlation, and Regression. Research findings indicate that effective communication strategies employed by principals significantly enhance employee commitment through visionary leadership and also found that there is a significant impact of Principal Leadership on employee commitment.  Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, The Institute of Education and Research (IER), Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, The Institute of Education and Research (IER), Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, The Institute of Education and Research (IER), Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-visionary-leadership-on-employee-commitment-principal-leadership-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparing Students' Science Motivation and their Achievement in Science Subjects at Secondary Level Muhammad Akram Syeda Aliya Fatima Nazir Ahmad Science Motivation Physics Chemistry Biology Grade Motivation Career Motivation Self-Determination Self-Efficacy Intrinsic Motivation The study was designed to compare science motivation and science achievement (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) based on student gender and school location in Okara district. Using the cluster random sampling technique, 1000 students of 10th grade were selected as a sample of this study. An Urdu version of the Science Motivation Questionnaire was developed by the authors and used to collect data about student motivation towards science subjects, i.e., Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. The student achievement data were collected from their respective schools. The scale, which included five factors: self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, self-determination, grade motivation, and career motivation demonstrated overall high-level reliability (α=.88) with factor-wise reliability ranging from .77 to .82. The study revealed that male students were significantly better than female students in Physics and Chemistry motivation, while female students were better in biology motivation. The recommendations have also been given in the study.   Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Institute of Education & Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Fatimiyah Higher Education System, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor, HoD, Department of Education, Fatimiyah Higher Education System, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparing-students-science-motivation-and-their-achievement-in-science-subjects-at-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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EFL Students' Perceptions on the use of Blackboard Technology in English Language Learning Najeeb us Saqlain Moomal Chandio Hina Hussain Kazmi Blackboard Technology English Language Learning Information Communication Technology (ICT) Perceptions Technology Integration (TI) Blackboard is an Internet teaching management platform that allows a virtual learning environment via the Internet. It is the most popular system used by universities and educational institutions worldwide. However, this study is more concerned with foreign language (EFL) students' perceptions of the use of Blackboard in their courses. For this reason, we focused on 100 EFL students as respondents to the online questionnaire who attended the Language Department-College of Science and Humanities at Rumaah-Majmmah University in this research. Whereas, findings from both the survey data were analyzed by using (the SPSS Program) with the Lickert scale method showed participants had positive perceptions of the use of Blackboard technology for educational purposes. The results of students' perceptions proved the usefulness of Blackboard technology in the field of education. Hence, the suggestions of this study could be shared with other educational institutions in the kingdom. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of English, ISRA University, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty English, Department of English Linguistics & Allied Studies, NED University of Engineering & Technology Karachi, Sindh,Pakistan. Chief of Party, USAID WGS Project. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/efl-students-perceptions-on-the-use-of-blackboard-technology-in-english-language-learning- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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An Insight into the Covenants of the Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) as an Inspiration for the Contemporary World Sana Tausif Tauheed Ullah Siddiqui Muhammad Atif Aslam Rao Treaties Covenant Peace The Holy Prophet (PBUH) War Flexibility Covenants play a pivotal role in international relations in pursuing peace processes, de-escalating hostilities, and resolving conflicts. Islam advocates all those methods that promote peace as long as they are not contrary to the core principles of Islam and treaties are one such way to achieve peaceful co-existence on the global landscape. This study explores the humane aspects of the treaties concluded by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) which were founded on high moral grounds in order to eliminate oppression and tyranny by all means. Furthermore, the study also unfolds the circumstances which provided grounds to terminate the treaties. The glorious conduct of the Holy Prophet PBUH sets demonstrations for negotiation, conclusion, and observance of the covenants and sets high standards of ethics in the promotion of peace for the coexistence of multi-ethnic societies thus providing a benchmark to follow for the contemporary Muslim world. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Government Girls Degree College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Learning, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-insight-into-the-covenants-of-the-holy-prophet-peace-be-upon-him-as-an-inspiration-for-the-contemporary-world https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultivating Trademark Excellence: Revolutionizing Protection in Pakistan Siddiqa Naushen Tauheed Ullah Siddiqui Muhammad Pervez Intellectual Property Trademark Protection and Counterfeiting Piracy Dilution Traditionally, trademarks were regarded as useful instruments for the identification of the source thus legal protection was provided to them. However, recently, trademarks have advanced as efficient instruments for both commercial and social communication in a fresh yet difficult environment. This article attempts to evaluate and analyze the present trademark regime in Pakistan and proposes changes as deemed necessary. The study highlights Trademark law gaps, comparing foreign statutes and international standards. The main objective of the legislation of Trademark Ordinance 2001, as evident from its preamble, was to provide a mechanism for registration, protection of trademarks, and prevention of fraudulent marks. Similarly, an imprudent buyer should not be deceived and no confusion should come into the mind of a layman which may mislead him to buy a product of one manufacturer for the other while considering it to be the same, that he actually wanted to purchase.  Humanity Publications Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Former Visiting Faculty, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Former Director, Excise, Taxation & Narcotics Control Department, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultivating-trademark-excellence-revolutionizing-protection-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Australia's Housing Affordability Challenge: A Comprehensive Analysis of Effective Policy Solutions Shahid Rizwan Baig Lubna Ghulam Sarwar Housing Affordability Policy Solutions Australia Housing Supply Australia faces a significant housing affordability crisis, marked by rising house prices and rents. This paper reviews the current state of housing affordability, evaluates existing policy responses, and explores potential solutions to the crisis. Using data from the National Housing Supply and Affordability Council, it highlights the imbalance between housing demand and supply, driven by factors like increased migration, economic instability, and low investment in social housing. The study includes comparative insights from other countries, such as Pakistan, to understand different policy approaches. It suggests targeted reforms to boost housing supply, improve affordability, and address underlying socio-economic issues. Drawing on case studies and expert opinions, the paper emphasizes the need for comprehensive policy interventions to mitigate the impact of the affordability crisis on Australian households' quality of life. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Graduate College for Women, Ali Pur Chattha, Wazirabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/australias-housing-affordability-challenge-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-effective-policy-solutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Pedestrian Experiences in a Megacity: A Case Study of Walkability in Johar Block-15, Karachi, Pakistan Afraz Ahmed Memon Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio Rabia Soomro Pedestrian Accessibility Environment Karachi City Live Perception; Pedestrian Movement Environment Urban Planning Sustainable Environment In the dynamic urban landscape of Johar Block-15, Karachi, this research investigates residents' perceptions of walkability, a crucial aspect of urban life. Survey data reveals significant concerns about safety, overall walkability, cleanliness, infrastructure adequacy, and connectivity to amenities. Most respondents express dissatisfaction and emphasize prioritizing and investing in enhancing walkability. Accessibility problems resulting from choking and poor roads also affect the area’s pedestrian host factor in terms of traffic and maintenance. However, 68.18% of the respondents use walking for small distances, showing the relevance of walking in developed countries' mobility systems. These recommendations will be helpful to urban planners and policymakers in putting a focus on improving the quality of life of the people living in Johar Block-15 and every other block.  Humanity Publications MCRP (Master of City and Regional Planning), Department of City and Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus, Khairpur Mir's, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pedestrian-experiences-in-a-megacity-a-case-study-of-walkability-in-johar-block15-karachi-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence with Students Academic Resilience in University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tahira Riaz Asghar Ali Abid Khan Academic Resilience Emotional Intelligence Correlation Students University of Malakand The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of emotional intelligence with academic resilience. A sample of 400 students were taken from 10 different departments of the university of Malakand. These 10 departments were further accumulated into 3 faculties i.e. 1. Faculty of Physical Sciences, 2. Faculty of Social Sciences, 3. Faculty of Arts and Humanities.  Among these, 4 of the departments were taken from physical sciences, 3 from social sciences and 3 from arts and humanities. The data was collected through simple random sampling technique. The first instrument was an emotional intelligence scale which was self-report consisting of 45 items of Likert scale, second instrument was academic resilience scale of 27 items, self-report, Likert scale was used. Data was analyzed through SPSS by applying descriptive statistics and correlation between variable i.e. emotional intelligence and academic resilience. The study found positive correlation between emotional intelligence and academic resilience.   Humanity Publications Independent Researcher, Department of Education, (Department of Psychology), University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. Data Analyst, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-correlation-of-emotional-intelligence-with-students-academic-resilience-in-university-of-malakand-khyber-pakhtunkhwa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Youth Engagement and Participation in Socio-Psychological Research: Suggestions for Research in Pakistan Nasar Khan Usra Youth Engagement Psychological Sociological Barriers Benefits As review-based research, this study uses Anthony Giddens's agency and structure approach to highlight youth engagement in sociological and psychological research in Pakistan. 22 research papers were sampled through keyword search, while the data were analyzed with the reflexive thematic analysis by Braun and Clark(2019). The researcher's bias has been reduced through reflexivity and independent review by PhD-level reviewers. Findings show that multifaceted barriers, such as lack of funding, lack of interest of stakeholders, lack of culture of engaging youth in research, and ethical dilemmas, work as barriers to youth engagement in sociological and psychological research in Pakistan. The benefits of engaging youth in sociological and psychological research in Pakistan include developing leadership skills, understanding of local social problems, and developing a knowledge-based system for sociological and psychological knowledge. Finally, stakeholders, NGOs, and governmental organizations can play an important role in engaging youth in sociological and psychological research in Pakistan. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/youth-engagement-and-participation-in-sociopsychological-research-suggestions-for-research-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Islamic Jurisprudence and Constitutional Interpretation: Conflict or Harmonization? Kamran Abdullah Islamic Jurisprudence; Constitutional Interpretation; Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah; Maṣlaḥah; Proportionality; Constitutional Identity; Judicial Review In this paper, the connection between Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh and uṣul al-fiqh) and the modern constitutional interpretation is examined in terms of their incompatibility or the possibility to reconcile them with the modern constitutional systems. The mixed doctrinal-qualitative study will examine the text of constitutions, statutes and landmark cases of Pakistan and Malaysia. It compares major Islamic principles of juristic (ijtihad, qiyas, maq2si) with constitutional interpretive principles(textualism, purposivism, proportionality). The findings indicate that harmonization is probable when courts rely on structural reasoning and the rule-of-law principles to resolve the tension between religious claims and the constitutional values. There are however tensions in spheres of system-wide changes (e.g., finance) and restrictions on identity-based public order, where conflicting religious and constitutional norms intensify the conflict. The research suggests a reconciliation model whereby an institutional design is crucial, interpretive techniques, and the ability of courts to reconcile both systems.   Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of shariah and Law, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/islamic-jurisprudence-and-constitutional-interpretation-conflict-or-harmonization https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Cultivating Trademark Excellence: Revolutionizing Protection in Pakistan Siddiqa Naushen Tauheed Ullah Siddiqui Muhammad Pervez Intellectual Property Trademark Protection and Counterfeiting Piracy Dilution Traditionally, trademarks were regarded as useful instruments for the identification of the source thus legal protection was provided to them. However, recently, trademarks have advanced as efficient instruments for both commercial and social communication in a fresh yet difficult environment. This article attempts to evaluate and analyze the present trademark regime in Pakistan and proposes changes as deemed necessary. The study highlights Trademark law gaps, comparing foreign statutes and international standards. The main objective of the legislation of Trademark Ordinance 2001, as evident from its preamble, was to provide a mechanism for registration, protection of trademarks, and prevention of fraudulent marks. Similarly, an imprudent buyer should not be deceived and no confusion should come into the mind of a layman which may mislead him to buy a product of one manufacturer for the other while considering it to be the same, that he actually wanted to purchase. Humanity Publications Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Former Visiting Faculty, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Law, University of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Advocate, Sindh High Court, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Former Director, Excise, Taxation & Narcotics Control Department, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultivating-trademark-excellence-revolutionizing-protection-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Readiness Assessment for Online Learning among Students in Public Sector Universities Samina Gul Rabiah Mohyuddin Marium Ansari Online Learning Student Readiness Universities The objective of the study was to explore Student Readiness in Online Learning Environment:  Student readiness in the online learning environment is a crucial factor in determining academic success. The research was descriptive and to attain the objectives a sample of a total of 300 students 92 male and 208 female students from the Bahauddin Zikariya University, Emerson University Multan, and The Women University Multan. The findings revealed students' overall moderate level of readiness for the online learning environment and positive attitude towards various aspects of online education.  The study findings may help institutions and teachers by providing further training to improve students' digital skills, ensuring the improvement of learning practices in new online environments, and implementing guidelines and policies. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Education, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Education, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/readiness-assessment-for-online-learning-among-students-in-public-sector-universities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Parents' Advice-Based Discipline Selection and its Impact on Academic Performance in Higher Education: Insights from Students’ Perceptions Abdus Samad Irfanullah Khan Mudassar Hussain Perceptions Parents’ Advice Aptitude Passion Discipline Selection and Academic Achievement This study emphasizes the common perceptions of students regarding discipline selection on their parents’ advice and its impact on academic attainment in tertiary education. The objective of this particular study was, to find out the effect on academic achievement of discipline selection on parental advice. A mixed-method approach was utilized. The target population of the study was comprised of senior students of BS-level programs. Samples for qualitative and quantitative were 15 and 382 respectively. Phenomenological design for the qualitative part while survey design was employed for the quantitative part. Word cloud and thematic analysis were used for the qualitative data, while Pearson (r) and linear regression were employed as inferential statistics for the quantitative data. The findings reveal a weak positive association between discipline selection based on parents' advice and academic performance. The study recommends that parents should recognize and respect their children's autonomy in making subject selections. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Education and Research, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Research, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Research, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/parents-advicebased-discipline-selection-and-its-impact-on-academic-performance-in-higher-education-insights-from-students-perceptions- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Security Threats and Challenges for Pakistan and China Faisal Ahmad Asma Hussain Sibtain Abbas CPEC China Pakistan Challenges Extremism Terrorism The two countries being strategic partners, both Pakistan and China are confronted with a number of security threats and challenges in their respective regions. Internal security threats are a burning issue for Pakistan they include; terrorism, insurgency, sectarian violence, and separatist movements. These threats are often associated with various outside agents, especially countries, and neighbors in this case India and Afghanistan. Globally, China is now perceived as an emergent power and continues to be checked, especially, by powers such as America. In its own region, China too is not immune to security threats with the territorial disputes regarding the South China Sea or the border tensions with India. It is therefore expected that Pakistan like any ally to China will actively engage in coming up with ways and means of combating the above security threats and challenges.  Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Politics & International Studies, Karakorum International University Gilgit, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Research Associate, Riphah Institute of Public Policy, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/chinapakistan-economic-corridor-cpec-security-threats-and-challenges-for-pakistan-and-china https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Psychological Wellbeing and Coping Strategies of ADHD Child Caregivers Ambreen Anjum Shahbaz Sharif Muhammad Rashid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Psychological Well-being Care Giver Burden Coping Strategies Challenges Behavior Problem Psychological Well-being was discovered as a dynamic that included the subjective, Psychological, and social dimensions and health-related behaviors. A caregiver burden is the type of stress that caregivers experience because of the hurdles and challenges of caregiving.  To assess the burden of caregivers of children with ADHD and examine the psychological well-being with coping strategies.  Correlational research design with purposive sampling technique among psychological wellbeing burden and coping among caregivers of children with ADHD. Demographics are (Age, gender, education level, and marital status) with measurement of psychological well-being scale. The data were collected from Government hospitals in Lahore. Results showed that the alpha coefficient for this scale is a=.96, the caregiver Burden scale is a= .98, and the coping scale a= Burden has a negative correlation with both psychological well-being and coping. Coping has a positive correlation with psychological well-being and has negative correlation with burden. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Virtual University, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Jehlum Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Jehlum Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/psychological-wellbeing-and-coping-strategies-of-adhd-child-caregivers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Malady of the Mind: Mapping Dimensions of Mental Disorder through Narratological Lens in Jonathan Rosen’s The Best Minds Nida Amjad Chuhan Sidra Nasir Qureshi Abdul Bari Khan Narratology Mental Disorders Storytelling Paranoia Narrative Techniques This paper proffers mapping Mental Disorders by employing a narratological lens in Jonathan Rosen's The Best Minds: A Story of Friendship, Madness, and the Tragedy of Good Intentions focusing on the volatility of emotions, malady of mental disorder through the spectrum of narratology and positing conundrum to the mind. It emphasizes how the mechanism of storytelling mirrors the intricacies of mental disorders in myriad ways. The study involves interdisciplinary techniques combining the psychological theories of Marsha Linehan and Otto Kernberg with relation to literary analysis embodying narratological elements. A narratology is an imperative tool in Literature for shaping psychological representations. It analyzes how the mental disorder is intertwined into the narrative depicting the thematic undertones, structure of plot development, and shaping the identities of the characters. The research encompasses a broader discourse to bridge the gap between the psychological underpinnings of mental disorders and their literary insights. Humanity Publications MPhil, English Literature, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, GIFT (Gujranwala Institute of Future Technologies) University, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Faculty of Psychology, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Faculty of Education, Language and Communication, University Malaysia Sarawak. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/malady-of-the-mind-mapping-dimensions-of-mental-disorder-through-narratological-lens-in-jonathan-rosens-the-best-minds https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Journalism Versus Anchorism: A Case Study of Sar-E-Aam Program of ARY TV and its Reporting Approaches Samina Kalsoom Bakht Zaman Arooba Iftikhar Anchorism Ethics Journalism Objectivity Sensationalism The study explores the effects of media with regard to different programs designed to highlight social issues. This is the critical analysis of “Sar e Aam” programmes by the ARY News. It is known for attracting viewers through investigative journalism, and the content claims that it exposes corruption, crimes, and social injustices through operations. The show's content is qualitatively analyzed through the pattern of anchorism, which is linked with journalism by some anchors without having education in media studies. Based on the Social Responsibility Theory, the study finds that while focusing on sensationalism some aspects of standardized journalism have been challenged. It was found that the anchor invaded the subjects' privacy during the operations, which is the mandate of law enforcement agencies. This research contributes to the broader discourse on media ethics in Pakistan, calling for a more balanced approach that upholds journalistic integrity while serving the public interest. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/journalism-versus-anchorism-a-case-study-of-sareaam-program-of-ary-tv-and-its-reporting-approaches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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From Repression to Wholeness: A Jungian Analysis of Anima Integration and Individuation in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Muhammad Bilal Khan Inam Ullah Abdul Qayyum Anima/Animus Persona Individuation Conscious and Unconscious In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s (1967) The Scarlet Letter, Arthur Dimmesdale, a minister in the church of New England, commits adultery with Hester Prynne but hides his sin from the public. He thinks that revealing the secret will mar his name and fame in the society. He is afraid of losing his reputation in his congregation and among his colleagues. From a Jungian lens, Dimmesdale strives to look pious and holy in the eyes of the public that is symbolic of overdeveloped persona. However, overdeveloped persona is achieved at the cost of suppressing the anima. Anima, in Jungian psychoanalysis is ‘the spring of life’. When Dimmesdale loses connection with Anima; the spring of life, his personality becomes lop-sided and his life turns into hell. However, through the process of individuation, connecting to the spring of life leads to wholeness in the personality and happiness in the life of Dimmesdale.  Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, GDC No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, GDC No.1, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-repression-to-wholeness-a-jungian-analysis-of-anima-integration-and-individuation-in-nathaniel-hawthornes-the-scarlet-letter https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Coverage of Women's Empowerment Issue in Pakistani Newspapers: An Agenda-Setting Perspective Samia Manzoor Fatima Mushtaq Sabiha Ibrahim Women Empowerment Pakistani newspapers Agenda Setting Political Empowerment Social Empowerment Women in Print Media In the current research, a quantitative content analysis of four leading newspapers Dawn, Daily Times, Nawa-i-waqt, and Daily Jang was conducted to investigate the patterns of coverage of women empowerment. The time period for this study consisted of November 2023 to April 2024. The results showed that Urdu newspapers gave more coverage to the issue at hand as compared to English newspapers and Nawa-i-waqt gave the maximum amount of news regarding women empowerment as compared to other newspapers. The outcome of this research revealed that Pakistani Urdu newspapers give suitable coverage to women empowerment-related news, although different newspapers use different agendas to portray news related to women empowerment, such as political empowerment, social empowerment, economic empowerment, and education empowerment. The results showed that more importance was given to political and social empowerment and the common agenda of these four newspapers was social and political empowerment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/coverage-of-womens-empowerment-issue-in-pakistani-newspapers-an-agendasetting-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Frame Analysis of Digital Games Isma Waseem Digital Games Frame Analysis Framing Functions Operational Facets Narrative Despite the ubiquitous use of digital games, there is lack of scholarship on the use of framing in the narrative of digital games. Like other media, the games inevitably frame the issues in their narrative. Digital games are multifaceted where gameplay dynamics and narrative elements coalesce and create an immersive experience for the player. Owing to this interactive nature, a holistic operational analytical model, combining Nygren et al. (2022) and Entman (2018) approach for frame analysis has been adapted. The study investigated the functions of framing at the level of words, phrases and sentences as well as analysed game mechanics, rules, aesthetics, story, and characterization for framing. The results revealed that through framing the narrative of the games gained a distinct perspective and exhibited explicit ideological standings. This paper highlights that digital games are a rich site of inquiry for rhetorical methods and communication processes inherent to this digital artifact. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/frame-analysis-of-digital-games https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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English Linguistics in the Nexus of Economic Growth and Cultural Evolution Sadaf - Muhammad Zeeshan Naseer Ahmad Sheraz English Linguistics Migration Economic Growth Cultural Evolution Globalization Linguistic Imperialism Identity Formation Human Capital Development International Relations This article investigates the profound role of English linguistics in shaping economic growth as well as cultural evolution in a world that is highly globalized. With the language ascending toward its status as a global lingua franca, it has greatly influenced international trade, labor mobility, and digital communication, thereby enhancing international economic integration. The economic benefits of knowing English include more competitive information technology and business process outsourcing industries in countries with higher proficiency levels, such as India and the Philippines. Also, there is the cultural dimension of advancing globalization that questions the internationalization of English, linguistic imperialism, and cultural homogenization. On the other hand, while several scholars have contended that the spread of English erodes linguistic diversity, others point out that English is also adaptive: local cultures combine English with native languages to create hybrid forms, including the renowned "Hinglish" and "Singlish." Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Government MAO Graduate College, Lahore, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, School of International Relations, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/english-linguistics-in-the-nexus-of-economic-growth-and-cultural-evolution https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Socio-Cultural Barriers that Hinder Female's Access to Higher Education in Rural Areas of Quetta and Examining Female Perspectives on the Effectiveness of These Barriers Iqra Panezai Athar Azeem Shamaila Athar Female Higher Education Female’s Low Literacy Female Perspective Rural Area Socio-Cultural Barriers The study primarily aims to identify and analyze socio-cultural obstacles that prevent women from pursuing higher education in rural Quetta. It focuses on examining how women perceive the effectiveness of these barriers. This study utilized a qualitative research methodology to investigate the experiences of ten young female participants encountering socio-cultural obstacles that hindered their pursuit of higher education. The researchers conducted in-person interviews with participants using a semi-structured questionnaire, allowing for a full analysis of their experiences. The socio-cultural impediments examined include patriarchal culture, early marriages, priority for sons' education, co-education and male teachers, and social bias towards females. The findings indicate that although these obstacles exist, many young females do not view them as effective in discouraging their pursuit of higher education. This study highlights women's unfavorable situation in rural areas of Quetta, highlighting the need for more effective strategies to encourage women to pursue higher education. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-sociocultural-barriers-that-hinder-females-access-to-higher-education-in-rural-areas-of-quetta-and-examining-female-perspectives-on-the-effectiveness-of-these-barriers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Evaluating the Economic and Trade Cooperation Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China-Pakistan Relations Muhammad Ikhlaq Noor Fatima Tooba Zulfiqar CPEC Trade China-Pakistan BRI's The BRI, initiated by Chinese President Xi Jinping, sounds like an ambitious scheme for the development of integration and network cooperation scheme in the Asia-Europe-Africa region. Pakistan is the closest ally of BRI since it occupies a strategic position as a transit route for exchange. The China-Pakistan Financial Passage (CPEC), a lead venture of the BRI, centers on improving financial participation and foundation improvement between the two nations. Whereas the BRI has encouraged Pakistan's framework development and expanded two-sided exchange with China, challenges such as debasement, responsibility, obligation supportability, and territorial security dangers have risen. Understanding the BRI's effect on China-Pakistan relations makes a difference in the project's openings, challenges, and potential dangers while directing decision-making and collaborative endeavors. To evaluate the BRI's impact, a combination of descriptive, regression, and comparative analyses was used, along with qualitative insights from policymakers. Data conception further illustrates trends in trade, investment, and economic growth. Humanity Publications MPA (Master's degree in Public Administration), School of Public Administration China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, National University Of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluating-the-economic-and-trade-cooperation-impact-of-the-belt-and-road-initiative-on-chinapakistan-relations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Persuasion Through Multimodality in Advertisements Zakirullah Salman Nasir Sami Ullah Advertisements Multi-Modal Discourse Analysis (MDA) Meta-functions Visuals This study examines the persuasive and appealing multi-modes created in advertisements by advertisers, as well as how they convince and affect viewers and buyers. This research focuses on the signs, symbols, and multimodality. For this purpose, Multi-modal Discourse Analysis (MDA) of Kress & Leeuwen, (1996) is employed as a framework in order to analyze the advertisements. There are three basic functions namely compositional, interactional, and representational that affect the other components in the photos in a certain way. Moreover, Random sampling technique is used to collect the data for this study. The collected data is analyzed in terms of semiotics and multimodality and it has focused on the font size, boldness, and capitalization that is used in the selected advertisements. The findings give customers an insight into the advertising strategies used by the advertising agencies. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. BS, Department of English, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/persuasion-through-multimodality-in-advertisements https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Stylistic Analysis of the poem “Wedding in the Flood" by Taufiq Rafat in the Perspective of Figurative Language Muhammad Haris Stylistics Terms Wedding in the Flood Complexity of Verses Figurative Devices The poem is arrhythmic and conveys the scenario of a wedding held in the period in which flood usually comes, concentrating on tiny pictorial details as witnessed by the sight of the folks became my selection for the stylistic analysis for several reasons. The aim of this paper is to analyze Taufiq Rafat's poem "Wedding in the Flood" from the viewpoint of stylistic analysis. This analysis is helpful in understanding the basic concept of poetry and complexity through figures of speech.  Not only is there complexity in the verses, but also, their confines are stylistic by concentrating on the figurative devices employed in the poem by the poet. Humanity Publications Graduate (English Language & Linguistics), School of Humanities, University of Westminster (Regent Campus), Central London, United Kingdom. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/stylistic-analysis-of-the-poem-wedding-in-the-flood-by-taufiq-rafat-in-the-perspective-of-figurative-language https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Financial Sector Reforms and Inflation-Growth Nexus Nadeem Iqbal Aisha Rehman Wasim Shahid Malik Sacrifice Ratio (SR) Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy Phillips Curve Output In the 1980s, Pakistan's financial reforms reduced central bank borrowing, raising government debt and tax collection needs. In this context, the conventional approach to evaluating the costs and benefits of low inflation proves inadequate. The sacrifice ratio (SR) focuses on demand contraction's impact on economic activity and fails to capture the true costs of inflation by overlooking the supply-side effects of reduced fiscal space. This study re-evaluates the SR, accounting for both the demand contraction channel and the long-term supply side impact of diminished fiscal space. We hypothesize that the cumulative costs outweigh the long-term benefits of price stability. By incorporating fiscal space scenarios into the time-series model for SR estimation; our results indicate an SR approximately double that found in earlier studies. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating fiscal implications into monetary policy decisions to support sustainable economic growth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/financial-sector-reforms-and-inflationgrowth-nexus https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Shoukat Nawaz Khalil ur Rahman Khalid Ahmed Transgender Social Exclusion Violence Discrimination Harassment This study aimed to study the social exclusion of transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The study used qualitative research method in which data was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 respondents in the selected locales. The collected data was thematically analyzed and the results suggest that transgender face social exclusion which further exacerbates the vicious circle of discrimination, harassment, and violence from the broader society. It is concluded from the study that due to complex and debatable nature of the issue and the discriminative behavior of society toward transgender leads towards their sexual victimization, stigma, sexual abuse and violence. It is recommended that that the existing laws and policies regarding physical and sexual violence against transgender may be reassessed and to take concrete policy measures to ensure the mainstreaming of transgender in society. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-lived-experiences-of-transgender-in-hazara-division-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Role of Personal and Ground Safety Measures Affecting Sports Performance Mohibullah Khan Marwat Kashif Mehmood Sajid Hussain Cricket Football Ground Performance Personal Players Safety Personal and ground safety measures are considered very significant in contact games. The main objectives were to determine the awareness of safety measures among Cricket and Football players and to analyze the effect of these measures on their performance. Inferential, Correlation, regression analysis, and t-test statistics were employed for data analysis. Data reliability was 0.80. So for the question of mean as well as Standard deviation of the scales Personal Safety Measures(PSM),Ground Safety Measures(GSM) & Self-rating Performance (SRP) are concerned, they were 3.34±0.40, 3.34±0.70 and 3.13±0.46 respectively. The performance of the Cricket & Football players had a positive and significant (p<0.05) correlation with PSM (r=0.59) and GSM (r=0.90). The PSM had an insignificant (p>0.05, β1 =0.05) while GSM had a significant effect (p<0.05, β2 =1.05) on the performance of players of both games. PSM & GSM have a positive & significant correlation with the performance of Cricket and Football players. Humanity Publications Professor, Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-personal-and-ground-safety-measures-affecting-sports-performance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Social Interaction Anxiety as Mediating Role of Mental Well-being and Quality of Life Among University Students Hamna Zaman Zainab Bibi Abeeha Arshad Social Interaction Anxiety Mental Well-being Quality of Life University Students "How does our minds connect to dissatisfaction in relationship with others and the mindset that arises at a result hereof a connection?" is a question that needs an answer. The researchers aimed to survey university students. Examining the interplay between anxiety, mental wellness, and happiness, this research used an overall correlational methodology. Three hundred individuals, comprising both undergraduates and graduates, were selected from a variety of schools using a purposive sampling approach. The collected data was sorted and evaluated using SPSS (26). There was a negative link between interacting anxiety and both cognitive health and life happiness, according to the findings of the correlational analysis. On the other side, living a fulfilled life was positively correlated with psychological well-being. Anxiety about social interactions and overall pleasure are both influenced by an individual's mental health, according to model-wise regression with lines analysis. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Clinical Psychology, Bahria University Islamabad (campus), Islamabad, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Clinical Psychology, Bahria University Lahore, (Campus), Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Psychology Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/social-interaction-anxiety-as-mediating-role-of-mental-wellbeing-and-quality-of-life-among-university-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Urban Walkability in a Megacity Context: An Examination of Johar Block-13, Karachi Muhammad Khurram Khan Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur Aqta Urf Aqsa Urban Walkability Pedestrian Infrastructure Accessibility Safety Perception Karachi This study examines the walkability perceptions of residents in Johar Block-13, Karachi, focusing on pedestrian satisfaction and infrastructure needs. Using surveys and field observations, the research identifies key concerns, including poor sidewalk maintenance, limited crossing accessibility, inadequate lighting, and safety issues, with 76% of respondents feeling unsafe while walking. Additionally, noise pollution, vehicle congestion, and the lack of pedestrian-friendly amenities detract from the overall walkability experience. Results indicate significant dissatisfaction with the current infrastructure, especially regarding accessibility for vulnerable groups, including the elderly and disabled. The findings underscore a need for targeted improvements to foster a safer, more accessible environment, enhancing pedestrian activity and quality of life in Johar Block-13. The study's findings may help policymakers and urban planners design a city that can promote walking. Humanity Publications Postgraduate Student, Department of City and Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, 76062, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/urban-walkability-in-a-megacity-context-an-examination-of-johar-block13-karachi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Exploring the Conceptualization of Time and History in Hamid’s Moth Smoke and The Reluctant Fundamentalist: An Intertextual Study Muhammad Afzal Khan Janjua Contemporaneity Chronological Intertextuality Relational Time Anglophone Pakistani Literature Postmodern Historicity Interrogating the chronological and teleological notions of time, this study explores the contemporaneity and relevance of the 'past' in Mohsin Hamid's two novels, Moth Smoke (2000) and The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007), by engaging Julia Kristeva's postulations on 'Intertextuality'. Hamid's fictions interweaving the past and present are examined by utilizing Mudrovcic's views on history to affirm the viability of the 'relational' and cyclic nature of time which is opposed to the temporal succession and linearity. Accordingly, the conceptualization of history in Hamid's novels is scrutinized in relation to the 'authentic history', in a bid to establish the significance of History in shaping the present and predicting the future, thereby, renewing the prominence of time and history in spatial, temporal and theoretical spheres in post-modern times. Claiming to be a valuable addition to the scholarship on 'Time-Studies', this research would also help in rethinking and reinterpreting Pakistani anglophone fiction via unhackneyed standpoints. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar/Lecturer, Department of English Literature, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-conceptualization-of-time-and-history-in-hamids-moth-smoke-and-the-reluctant-fundamentalist-an-intertextual-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Empowering Futures: The Impact of Cultural, Social, and Economic Disparities on Girls' Education in Jhelum, Pakistan Sana Amjad Gender Inequality Women Empowerment through Education Teenage Girls Jhelum Social and Cultural Norms Early Marriage Economic Challenges Gender Stereotypes Educational Access Financial Support Gender inequality poses a challenge to the educational participation of teenage-girls in Jhelum Pakistan. This paper seeks to examine the complex factors underpinning and the extensive effects of gender inequalities in education within this area. The present study details various causes of gender inequalities as analyzed from a qualitative content analysis of various works, which include economic factors, social-cultural beliefs and practices; early marriage, lack of awareness, physical facilities, and gender biases. This study finds that all these factors work together to exclude girls from education and maintain poverty and non-advancement of socio-economic status. Finally, the discussion highlights the need to establish various strategies to address gender inequality, such as; community sensitization, increasing the percentage of girls education, finances, establishing safe school structures, and favorable laws on gender. The solution to these recommendations would help Jhelum move towards the right direction for giving teenage-girls equal education opportunities and better community. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/empowering-futures-the-impact-of-cultural-social-and-economic-disparities-on-girls-education-in-jhelum-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Surah Al-Fatiha as an Abstract/Preface of the Holy Quran: A Linguistic Perspective Muhammad Abdullah Naila Maryam Surah Al-Fatiha Abstract Preface Linguistic Perspective In the tradition of writing, multiple genres have matured enough and carry universal standardization. Most captivatingly, the universal standard has been ideally reflected in the text of the Holy Quran. The study in hand highlights the linguistic excellence of a very small but complete genre known as abstract. It plays highly significant role in the promotion of a research paper, article, thesis or project. In the tradition of book writing, it is replaced with preface. The Holy Quran is known as word of Allah Almighty. It was revealed to the last and final messenger Hazrat Muhammad (SAW). This may be claimed as the only ideal book on the face of Erath. Present study is meant to highlight Surah Al-Fatiha as an ideal abstract through linguistic analysis and interpretation. The discussion and findings of the study may help the researchers to write a better abstract/preface. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/surah-alfatiha-as-an-abstractpreface-of-the-holy-quran-a-linguistic-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Quasi-Fiscal Activities in Pakistan's Electricity Sector on the Fiscal Deficit Sabeel Khan Fazale Wahid Tanweer Ahmed Quasi-Fiscal Activities Hidden Cost Fiscal deficit of Pakistan ARDL Test State Owned Enterprises This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of quasi-fiscal activities in the electricity sector on Pakistan's fiscal deficit, using time series data from 1973 to 2022. The Bound and ARDL tests are employed to analyze the long-run cointegration among the variables. The results indicate that the variables are cointegrated in the long run and that the one-year lagged values of hidden costs and exchange rates significantly impact the fiscal deficit both in the long and short run. Trade openness has a statistically significant impact on the fiscal deficit in the long run but no significant impact in the short run. GDP does not show a statistically significant impact on the fiscal deficit in either the long or short run. The study suggests that the government should encourage the privatization of distribution companies (DISCOs), phase out untargeted subsidies, promote renewable energy, and maintain a stable exchange rate. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Development Studies, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/empirical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-quasifiscal-activities-in-pakistans-electricity-sector-on-the-fiscal-deficit https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Practices and Challenges Regarding Mathematics Laboratory for Pedagogical Purposes at Secondary School Level Muhammad Kashif Hubdar Jamila Begum Practical Learning Mathematics Laboratory Learner-Centered Pedagogy Educational Challenges Policy Implementation The purpose of this research was to investigate the practices and challenges regarding mathematics laboratory in Punjab at school level. Descriptive survey design was used to collect data through questionnaire. The population was all secondary schools mathematics teachers of district Chakwal. The sample size was 60 through systematic random sampling technique. Only 5 percent of schools had mathematics laboratories but most of the schools had science and computer laboratories even did not have geometrical shapes and activity kits related to mathematics lessons. The big challenge regarding integration of mathematics laboratories was the lack of effective policy from the Government. There was no support from school management to purchase lab-related equipment and not a single period was included in the timetable for the laboratory. It was recommended that govt. may launch an effective policy regarding mathematics laboratory and school management may include three periods per week for mathematics lab work. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Sciences, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/practices-and-challenges-regarding-mathematics-laboratory-for-pedagogical-purposes-at-secondary-school-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Students Achievement Strategies, Ego Strength, Hostility and the Role of Perceived Parenting on School Environment Tariq Ahmed Xing Qiang Mudassar Abdullah Narrative Techniques Semantic Communicative Translation Theory Narrative School environment is associated with ego strength and hostility, while perceived parenting modifies the relationship between ego strength and hostility.  School Connectedness Scale, The Strategy and Attribution Questionnaire, The Parental Bonding Inventory, Barron’s Ego Strength Scale, and The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory were used for assessing school environment, students' achievement strategies, perceived parenting, ego strength, and hostility. A structural equational model was administered to investigate the mediation effect of perceived parenting. The findings indicated that school environment was significantly associated with ego strength B = 0.28, p< 0.001, and hostility B = 0.34, p< 0.001. Perceived parenting mediates the relationship between ego strength B = 0.375, p< 0.001, and hostility B = 0.136, p< 0.05. Perceived parenting plays a crucial role in student achievement strategies and developing an impactful ego strength and helps reduce hostile behaviors while positive parenting modifies the association of ego strength and hostility in the school environment. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. Dean and Professor, Department of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China. Assistant Professor, (Psychology program), Department of Business Administration, IQRA National University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/students-achievement-strategies-ego-strength-hostility-and-the-role-of-perceived-parenting-on-school-environment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Narrative Techniques in Surah Yusuf: Semantic and Communicative Perspectives Muhammad Abdullah Marrium Sayyed Narrative Techniques Semantic Communicative Translation Theory Narrative Narrative techniques play a vital role in the process of human communication. This research analyzes the use of narrative techniques in the Holy Quran. It is highly significant for researchers/linguists to conduct research on narrative techniques in the Holy Quran. The study focuses on Surah Yusuf of the Holy Quran in this regard. Surah Yusuf is the 12th Surah of the Holy Quran. The study has used Newmark's semantic and communicative translation theory(2022)to understand the narrative techniques in the English translation of Surah Yusuf. The study is qualitative in nature. The researchers also used Malik's framework(2021). This framework proposes different narrative techniques. The Quran's storytelling techniques have influenced the Arabic language, literature, and culture for centuries and continue to inspire and guide people from all walks of life. The findings of the research will help in analyzing and understanding the narrative techniques present in other Surahs of the Holy Quran. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-narrative-techniques-in-surah-yusuf-semantic-and-communicative-perspectives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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AI-Powered Decomposition Techniques for Economic Forecasting Afzal Mahmood Asmat N. Khattak Kanwal Zahra Time Series Decomposition Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning Economic Forecasting Time series analysis and decomposition are crucial in examining economic data as they uncover elements such as trends, and seasonal influences, within the data. However, some approaches have difficulty in accommodating complex, high-dimensional data. In this research, we investigate the possibilities of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for better timeliness and accuracy of economic forecasting. In some instances, it was shown how recent AI models can improve the data analysis of economic indicators (GDP, inflation, stock indices) through the accurate depiction of non-linear trends and changing seasonals. Model enhancements using AI also result in significant improvement in the accuracy of economic forecasts and provide more detailed and useful time series decomposition for economists and policymakers. This paper is a step towards more extensive use of artificial intelligence in econometric analysis and provides evidence on the feasibility of such in practical econometric studies. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Sciences (Pak AIMS) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Head of Department of Management Sciences, Institute of Management Sciences (Pak AIMS) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Head of Department, Business School, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/aipowered-decomposition-techniques-for-economic-forecasting https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Global Climate Governance: Evaluating Policy Responses in an Era of International Cooperation and Competition Bashir Ahmad Maha Bashir Arifa Zia Global Climate Governance International Cooperation Policy Responses Paris Agreement Non-State Actors Governance Mechanism Green Technology Sustainable Development This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of how the global community is working to address climate change through international cooperation and competition. It highlights dual forces that shape global climate governance, focusing on the Paris Agreement as a key framework. The article focuses on the fact that although international cooperation. Most countries fail to achieve the targets they set forth as part of their pledges; the gap between the pledging and the actual reduction of emissions is huge. International competition, especially in the area of renewable energy, would spur innovation and progress. China and the United States have invested heavily in green technologies; these investments have economically and strategically benefited those respective nations. This competition creates unequal disadvantages, especially for developing countries that cannot compete because they do not have sufficient resources. Non-state actors, including cities, corporations, civil society organizations, are also increasingly crucial to filling out national efforts. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of History, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Finance, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of History, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/global-climate-governance-evaluating-policy-responses-in-an-era-of-international-cooperation-and-competition https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Subjective Truth and The Leap of Faith: A Textual Analysis of Updike’s Terrorist Ghulam Zakaria Khan Umaima Kamran Subjective Truth Leap of Faith Existence Faith Passionate Inwardness Kierkegaard’s existential theory that an individual with faith truly exists correspond to his idea of subjective truth that prompts the individual to take leap of faith. The current paper explores the treatment of truth in Updike’s Terrorist from theoretical perspective of Kierkegaard’s concept of subjective truth. After conducting textual analysis of the novel, we have come to understand that the higher truth is subjective and functions in an individual in such a way that he is ready to live or die for it. We also found out that passionate inwardness and commitment with the truth is necessary and truth develops with the passage of time according to the turn of events in the life of an individual, the way it happened in the life of Ahmad. Updike’s treatment of truth and its reshaping with the realization and understanding of Ahmad is tantamount in understanding how Kierkegaard is still relevant today. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Area Study Centre for Africa, North and South America, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/subjective-truth-and-the-leap-of-faith-a-textual-analysis-of-updikes-terrorist https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Financial Development and Private Investment Nadeem Iqbal Aisha Rehman Suleman Amin Financial Development Private Investment Gross Domestic Product Liabilities This paper finds that financial sector growth is key to boosting private investment in Pakistan. Banks, as financial intermediaries, enhance private investment by lowering risks and supporting decision-making through strong accounting standards. A broader financial system—measured by the ratio of commercial bank assets—positively impacts private investment. Financial deepening, or increasing liquid liabilities, also plays a critical role, as a developed banking system reduces transaction costs and improves fund access. Increasing private sector credit drives investment, so aligning the credit system with Pakistan's investment needs is essential. Strengthening financial intermediaries, enforcing contracts, and managing risks are necessary steps to support Pakistan’s financial sector growth and stimulate investment. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/financial-development-and-private-investment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Linguistic Accommodation in English-Medium Instruction: Investigating Adjustments by Non-Native English Speakers Noor Naeem Muhammad Umar Razaq English-medium instruction (EMI) Non-Native English Speakers (NNES) Communication Accommodation Theory Linguistic Adjustments Interactional Strategies This study explores how non-native English-speaking students and teachers accommodate each other linguistically in EMI classrooms. The research explores the features of these strategies, including language simplification, visual aids, code-switching, and non-verbal cues, in terms of their frequency and types to identify how they impact communication/learning.Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 200 students and 50 teachers. The study found that both students and teachers used simplification in language and visual aids to show what was being discussed.These are also well-documented, underscoring their importance in multilingual classrooms.The Pearson correlation analysis in Table 2 suggests significant positive correlations between the use of simplification and non-verbal cues language proficiency scores, which reveals that more proficient learners can employ these strategies better.This article highlights the importance of linguistic accommodation in EMI. It offers suggestions for targeted intervention programs as well as professional development to improve successful educational outcomes through English medium instruction. Humanity Publications M.phil Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. M.phil Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/linguistic-accommodation-in-englishmedium-instruction-investigating-adjustments-by-nonnative-english-speakers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Teachers' Competencies: A Comprehensive Review Asim Tanvir Samra Bashir Sidra Shahzadi Artificial Intelligence University Teachers Competencies Enhancement This study was conducted to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing the teachers' competencies. This was a theoretical study in nature conducted while using the secondary data collected from the available books, journals, and dissertations. The results revealed that AI has great potential to enhance teachers' competencies while helping them design relevant educational content aligned with learning objectives and providing feedback on their instructional strategies and practices. It also allowed to automate the student attendance and grading on the teacher's side. It will also assist the teachers in selecting suitable strategies and teaching aids for aiding a wide variety of students including those with special needs. Yet, it is also important to underscore that AI ought to act in support of  and not replace with machine algorithms infallible virtues inherent to human education: sympathy; a creative spark; and the ability to individually adapt for each student. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, IBIT (Institute of Business and Information Technology), University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, University Institute of Management Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-enhancing-teachers-competencies-a-comprehensive-review https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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A Study of Reducing Prejudice and Improving Intergroup Relations of the Students at School Level Through Different Teaching Approaches Shumaila Shafi Waqas Akbar Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman Prejudice Intergroup Relations Teaching Approaches School Level Random Sampling Conflict Reduction Peaceful Environment This study examines the impact of teaching strategies on prejudice and intergroup relations among secondary students in public high schools in Pakistan’s Lodhran district. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, researchers administered a self-developed questionnaire on prejudiced attitudes and intergroup contact to 215 students from Kehroor Pakka, Lodhran, and Dunya Pur, achieving a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.834 for reliability. Findings from 213 valid responses reveal that while students are generally tolerant, biases persist regarding gender, caste, and religion. Cooperative learning and culturally responsive teaching (CRT) improved intergroup relations, especially when teachers demonstrated fairness and respect. However, challenges such as teacher bias, favoritism, and limited intergroup interaction were reported. SPSS analysis showed that group learning effectively reduced conflicts, and students favored cross-caste friendships and discussions of relevant issues. The study recommends professional development and curriculum adjustments for preservice teachers to foster inclusive, no prejudicial classroom environments. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-reducing-prejudice-and-improving-intergroup-relations-of-the-students-at-school-level-through-different-teaching-approaches https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Role of Islam in Shaping Pakistan's Political Identity and Governance Sara Gurchani Tazeem Imran Uzma Malik Islam Pakistan Political Identity Governance Constitutional Framework Islamic Ideology Statecraft This study examines the influence of Islam in shaping Pakistan’s political identity and governance, analyzing the ways Islamic principles and values have been integrated into the nation’s constitutional and institutional frameworks. Since its inception, Pakistan has sought to balance Islamic ideology with modern statecraft, creating a unique model of governance that intertwines religious ideals with political structures. This paper investigates the historical foundations of Islam's role in Pakistan’s political development, exploring how Islamic concepts have influenced legal, social, and policy domains. By studying key constitutional amendments, political movements, and policy shifts, this research sheds light on the complex relationship between religion and state governance in Pakistan, highlighting both the achievements and challenges of incorporating Islamic ideals into contemporary political systems. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-islam-in-shaping-pakistans-political-identity-and-governance https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Impact of Teacher-Student Relationships and Professional Development at the Undergraduate Level Hania Amir Abdul Rehman Muhammad Basit Javed Teacher-Student Relationship Professional Development Academic Performance Educational Outcomes Student Engagement Teacher Engagement University Education The objectives of this research are to investigate the relationship between teacher-student and professional development at the University of Layyah. For this purpose, convenience sampling techniques were used to collect data. The data was compromised on two groups, teachers (n=15) and students (n=50). The result revealed that 62% of students and 60% of teachers believe that professional development exercises successfully provide concepts and tactics that are advantageous in the classroom. Overall, the findings suggest a positive and conducive university climate where both students and teachers value formality, supportiveness, respect for rules, and concentration in academic endeavours. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of English, University of Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. ORCID:(https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9799-0646) M.Phil, Department of. English Literature, Department of English, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of English, Muhammad Ali Institute of Science and Technology Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-teacherstudent-relationships-and-professional-development-at-the-undergraduate-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Investigating the Impact of Deviant Factors on the Psychological Well-being of Schoolchildren in South Punjab Rabia Munir Norsuhaily Binti Abu Bakar Psychological Well-Being Bullying Virtual Violence Socioeconomic Status Schoolchildren Positive psychological well-being is essential for engaging children in school and family life. This research examines the influence of deviant factors (virtual violence, bullying, and socioeconomic status) on the psychological well-being of schoolchildren in rural South Punjab. Using convenience sampling, 200 male students from government lower-secondary schools across six districts were recruited for this quantitative cross-sectional research. AMOS 21.0 was used to apply Structural Equation Modeling to assess the impact of deviant factors on the students’ psychological well-being. The results reveal that virtual violence causes a 15.1% variance, representing the most considerable negative impact on schoolchildren’s psychological well-being among all deviant factors. This research concludes that the three deviant factors affect students' emotional resilience and mental state, resulting in their poor psychological well-being. Hence, it is strongly recommended that school management, teachers, and parents collaborate to create a healthier environment through awareness programs and parental guidance initiatives. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Faculty of Applied Social Science (FSSG), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. Associate Professor, Faculty of Applied Social Science (FSSG), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-impact-of-deviant-factors-on-the-psychological-wellbeing-of-schoolchildren-in-south-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Examining the Role of Teachers' Professionalism in Mitigating Aggressive Behavior among University-Level Resilient Students Muhammad Shokat Zaman Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal Khalid Saleem Aggressive Behavior Teachers’ Professionalism University Students’ Resilience The study focused on investigating the role of teachers' professionalism in mitigating aggressive behavior among university-level resilient students. The quantitative survey design was followed to conduct this study. The study sample consisted of 237 students with MPhil and PhD degrees (Edu). Three tools (The Brief Resilience Scale, the Aggression Questionnaire, and the Teachers Professionalism Scale) were used in this quantitative study to collect data. Tools were converted to Google Forms and disseminated for data collection. Data were analyzed by utilizing descriptive (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, and Hays Process macro mediation analysis model-4). Results revealed that university students were normally resilient and, there was a significant moderating role of the resilience of students on the relationship between teachers' professionalism and the aggressive behavior of students. The study indicates that university teachers necessitate more interventions to enhance the resilience of graduate students and decrease the level of aggression. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Teacher Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/examining-the-role-of-teachers-professionalism-in-mitigating-aggressive-behavior-among-universitylevel-resilient-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Fostering an Entrepreneurial Mindset Through Education: Challenges and Opportunities Syed Rizwan Ali Sehrish Qasim Mehdi Abbas Entrepreneurial Education Institutional Support Cultural Attitudes Technology Integration This study addresses the question of how education can foster an entrepreneurial mindset, one of the determinants of success in the current, novelty driven economy. These studies identify factors such as the quality of entrepreneurial education, the provision of institutional support, attitudes to entrepreneurship, and a mediating effect of technology integration to inform barriers and opportunities to embedding entrepreneurial concepts across education models. Quantitative analysis and structural equation modeling are used in the paper, stressing the importances of experiential learning, institutional change and cultural inclusivity in entrepreneurial capability development. Results provide instructively useful [i.e., practically useful] learnings for educators and policymakers to design novel strategies for the learning experience that foster creativity, resilience and adaptability. The current study also has an added contribution to the literature on entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial education's potential to drive societal innovation and economic growth. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor & Head of Business Incubation CenteBusiness Incubation Center, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Senior Lecturer, Bahria Business School, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/fostering-an-entrepreneurial-mindset-through-education-challenges-and-opportunities https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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An Evaluation of the Integration of Sustainability Knowledge Into Architectural Education: A Case Study of Lahore City, Pakistan Muhammad Tahir Khan Khalidi Memoona Rashid Integration Sustainability Architectural Education Curriculum Environmental Control System Design Studio Objectives Socio-economic &amp; Cultural Environment Policy Formulation by PCATP Envi Current and emerging trends in architectural education in Pakistan are changing locally and internationally, equally by environmental and socio- cultural factors. Especially with the current global trend towards more sustainability, Architectural education works to prepare its students for the current and future architectural practice. It has become critical aspect of Architectural education to raise awareness among future architects about the environmental impact of Architecture. In this context, promoting the term of “sustainable architectural education” has become a current trend globally. Consequently, the schools of architecture have integrated sustainability principles in their curricula, world wide. This shift raises key questions regarding the structural models and integration approaches used to incorporate sustainability education into architectural programs. The objectives of this paper is to examine the structural models adopted by selected schools of architecture in the city of Lahore and to assess the extent to which sustainability knowledge is emphasized within their curricula. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, (UMT University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant professor, School of Architecture, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-evaluation-of-the-integration-of-sustainability-knowledge-into-architectural-education-a-case-study-of-lahore-city-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Analyzing Privacy in Facebook: A Survey of Users’ Perception Aqsa Iram Shahzadi Hamna Hashmi Privacy Concerns Facebook Users Survey Usage Patterns Privacy Settings Data Protection Profile Visibility App Permissions This research delved into the privacy concerns of Facebook users in Punjab, Pakistan. A Google survey of 107 participants uncovered a range of Facebook usage habits,  from frequent to occasional. While most users were aware of privacy settings, their understanding and utilization varied. Key worries centered around profile visibility, app permissions, data sharing, and friend requests. While many users felt Facebook provided adequate information, others found it lacking. Trust in Facebook's data protection was moderate,  and opinions on information clarity were divided. The study underscores the importance of enhanced communication, education, and transparency regarding privacy settings. Prioritizing user concerns, fostering trust, and empowering users to make informed choices should be central to Facebook's future endeavors. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Institute of Media and Communication Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Institute of Media and Communication Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-privacy-in-facebook-a-survey-of-users-perception https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Sustainable Reinforcement in Concrete: Evaluating Bamboo’s Flexural Strength, Cost Benefits, and Material Properties Rabia Soomro Zain Ul Abideen Aqta Urf Aqsa Bamboo Reinforcement Sustainable Construction Flexural Strength Eco-Friendly Materials Concrete reinforcement Cost-Effective Building Materials Bamboo Durability The high costs and the increased negative effect on the environment when using steel-reinforced concrete prompted the studies on sustainability with bamboo recognized as green steel. Bamboo is a versatile, sustainable, and affordable material, which has great tensile strength. This research assesses the viability of bamboo as a reinforcement candidate in structural concrete based on its mechanical properties and compares it with steel. Tensile and flexural strengths of the reinforced concrete beams enclosed with bamboo or steel and plain concrete respectively were investigated on days 7, 14, and 28. RC beams strengthened with bamboo provided 95% of the control steel's performance in the 7 days but raised to 69% at 7 days later because of moisture lump and bond deterioration. Nevertheless, bamboo is even cheaper than steel and costs 58% less. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Campus Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Campus Khairpur Mir's, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sustainable-reinforcement-in-concrete-evaluating-bamboos-flexural-strength-cost-benefits-and-material-properties https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Pakistan's Sustainability Quotient: Exploring the Nexus of Green Technology, Renewable Energy, and Ecological Footprint Kashif Imran Ayesha Liaqat Green Technology Renewable Energy Ecological Footprint Economic Growth Pakistan As a developing country, Pakistan is more dependent on conventional, non-friendly energy sources and technology that increases its ecological footprint and causes environmental degradation. The study's primary goal is to analyze the environmental issues by advocating renewable energy usage and green technological innovation in Pakistan. Using data from 1980 to 2021, the results based on the ARDL model confirm an Environment Kuznet Curve hypothesis in the long and short run. Further, the growing green technological innovation positively relates to improved environmental quality in Pakistan. Environmental quality and renewable energy consumption are also positively associated. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Economics, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pakistans-sustainability-quotient-exploring-the-nexus-of-green-technology-renewable-energy-and-ecological-footprint https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Psychosocial and Cultural Challenges of Social Media Influencers in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study Aqsa Nasarullah Farah Latif Naz Iram Gul Gillani Social Media Influencers Pakistan Cultural Challenges Identity Coping Mechanisms Qualitative Research Social media influence is a rapidly developing market in which influencers face unique challenges linked to their cultural context. The development of digital platforms in Pakistan has enabled influencers to endorse products and advocate for them. This study investigated the experiences and challenges of social media influencers in Pakistan. Using a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with N= 8 Instagram influencers who each have over 10,000 followers. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed to analyze the collected data. Five superordinate themes emerged, including identity shaping, concerns, growth and resilience, challenges, and coping strategies. The findings indicate that while influencers experience a sense of self-identity construction and financial security, women express greater concern regarding appearance and prospects than their male counterparts do. The findings of this study highlight the need for increased awareness and support for social media influencers, particularly in culturally conservative countries such as Pakistan. Humanity Publications Alumni, Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Bhauddin Zakariya University. Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Bhauddin Zakariya University. Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/psychosocial-and-cultural-challenges-of-social-media-influencers-in-pakistan-a-qualitative-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Error Analysis of Subject-Verb Agreement in Bs English Students’ Writing: A Case Study Hasan Ayaz Zubaria Waheed Muhammad Zain ul Hassan Subject-Verb Agreement BS English Students Academic Writing Errors Intralingual Factors This study investigates subject-verb agreement errors in academic writing by BS English students, aiming to enhance their writing proficiency. Despite learning grammatical rules like subject-verb agreement, students frequently struggle to apply these rules correctly. Using a mixed-method approach, data was collected both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings revealed four types of errors: subject-verb agreement of person (SV1), number (SV2), subject (SV3), and coordinated subject (SV4). No errors were observed for notional agreement and proximity (SV5). Errors in SV1, representing a person's simple subject-verb agreement, were the most frequent. The dominant source of these errors was identified as intralingual factors. The study concludes by offering practical solutions to help students and educators address these challenges effectively, contributing to improved academic writing skills for BS English learners. Humanity Publications MPhil, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. Graduate, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/error-analysis-of-subjectverb-agreement-in-bs-english-students-writing-a-case-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Export Market Orientation and Performance: Comparing Partner Selection Via Referrals and Direct Contact Maham Tariq Zargham Ullah Khan Export Venture Performance Agency Theory B2B WOM Paper Type – Conceptual Paper Responsiveness activities and intelligence are two categories in which export market orientation has been classified. Even though previous studies have greatly focused on the intelligence and responsiveness of international channel partners that help these activities improve export venture performance. The study explores the advantages that are influenced by choosing international partners through direct contacts or word-of-mouth. The advantages of responsiveness activities and intelligence are also explored in this study. Data is gathered from 246 Japanese manufacturers of exporting firms. For hypotheses testing, regression analysis and post hoc analysis are used. Our findings show international channel partner chosen by word-of-mouth has a moderating effect on export-focused strategies. The study enhances the understanding of export market orientation by breaking it into two key aspects; gathering market insights, and taking actions based on those insights and giving factual proof of how these activities interact differently with partner selection. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Hailey College of Banking &amp; Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2024-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/export-market-orientation-and-performance-comparing-partner-selection-via-referrals-and-direct-contact https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-IV).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 9, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Terrorism and U.S. Drone Strikes in Pakistan: Implications of Pakistan’s Post-9/11 Alliance with the United States on its National Security Hafiz Sabir Khan Afghanistan Alliance Drone Strikes FATA Foreign Policy Military Campaign National Security Pakistan Suicide Attacks Terrorism United States Pakistan and the United States have had a history of complex relations since the former's inception. After the 9/11 attacks, changes were observed in the foreign policy of the United States towards Pakistan, followed by a strategic shift in Pakistan’s approach towards its ally in Afghanistan. This study aims to analyze the implications of the post-9/11 Pak-U.S. alliance by examining the impacts of terrorism and U.S. drone strikes on Pakistan’s national security. The theoretical framework focuses on John Mearsheimer’s theory of offensive realism. The study employs qualitative research methodology and focuses on secondary data. This research argues that as a result of the post-9/11 Pak-U.S. alliance, the national security of Pakistan was compromised. This study opines that a pragmatic foreign policy combined with a comprehensive national security approach is of paramount importance to Pakistan in order to survive and progress. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/terrorism-and-us-drone-strikes-in-pakistan-implications-of-pakistans-post911-alliance-with-the-united-states-on-its-national-security https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Elevating Teachers’ Satisfaction: The Impact of Professional Identity and Psychological Empowerment Muhammad Saleem Kashar Hafiz Muhammad Arshad Syed Abdul Waheed Professional Identity Psychological Empowerment Teachers’ Satisfaction The study focused on elevating teachers' satisfaction: The impact of professional identity and psychological empowerment. A cross-sectional survey design with quantitative techniques was employed to conduct this study. The study sample consisted of 357 secondary school teachers, both male and female, from public high schools in Punjab, Pakistan. A stratified random sampling technique was applied for sample selection. Three adopted tools (The Career Satisfaction Scale, the Professional Identity Scale, and the Psychological Empowerment Scale) were used in this quantitative study to collect data. Tools were converted to Google Forms and disseminated for the collection of data. The data were analyzed by applying descriptive (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics(linear regression analysis). Results revealed a significant positive impact of professional identity and psychological empowerment on teachers' satisfaction. The study recommended that higher authorities may conduct training and conferences to enhance the level of professional identity, psychological empowerment, and teachers' satisfaction. Humanity Publications PhD Research Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/elevating-teachers-satisfaction-the-impact-of-professional-identity-and-psychological-empowerment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Animated Adaptations of Pakistani Literature: A Study of Viewers’ Perceptions and Opinions Anbarin Fatima Shumaila Ashee Animation Pakistani Literature Daastaan Saraye Storytelling YouTube Channel Young Generation As the most modern and dynamic digital media genre, animation has transformed the storytelling method by blowing new life into static images and text printed in black ink on sheets of paper. This research study attempts to unfold the viewers' perceptions and assessments about the animated adaptations of Pakistani literature that are aired on the YouTube channel Daastaan Saraye created under the NRPU Project. The data has been gathered through a structured questionnaire, and the responses were elicited from a random sample of students and a general population bearing different demographic characteristics, from Peshawar. Using a descriptive analysis method, the results have been drawn from the collected data. The findings demonstrate that most of the respondents liked and preferred to watch the animated videos over reading printed texts and strongly agreed that these animated adaptations can be very helpful in the promotion and preservation of the literature of Pakistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/animated-adaptations-of-pakistani-literature-a-study-of-viewers-perceptions-and-opinions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Influence of Karl Marx’s Ecological Insights in the Works of Selected Literary Writers Saman Salah Khair- Un-Nisa Azeem Durdana Rafique Ecological Disaster Karl Marx English American Indian Poets Writers A significant issue facing humanity now is the ecological disaster as a result of the transformation of natural processes into splintered, unchanging mechanisms designed for individual accumulation. Therefore, we can say that the issue of nature is an issue to the capital.  The significant developments in ecosocialist theory cast light upon the ongoing prominence of Marx's metabolic as well as materialist approach to understanding the colloquial swap concerning nature and humans which additionally include the ecological rifts and their creation inside ecosystems. This paper explores the influence of Marx's views on ecological crisis due to capitalism in the literary works of British, American, and Indian poets. The findings of the study indicate Marx's influence on these writers. Besides, this influence of Marx on the literary circle also reflects Marx's ideas as universal and relevant to all fields of all ages. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Mphil Scholar, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of English, University of Turbat Balochistan, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-influence-of-karl-marxs-ecological-insights-in-the-works-of-selected-literary-writers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Animating Identity: The Role of Pakistani Animated Series in Shaping National Narratives Sumera Gulzar Errum Ahmad Durraj Nadeem Khan Khosa Animated Media Strategic Communication National Identity National Narratives. Visual Storytelling The research investigates animation as a platform for influencing public perception during military events. A qualitative discourse analysis investigates an animated video showing how a nation addresses a regional conflict through its animated depiction of the situation.The research examines three main themes of military power and national recognition together with technological advancement while evaluating how visual storytelling combines symbolic elements and narrative methods to transmit strategic communications. Though marred by technical drawbacks the video successfully portrays ideas about war defense national control and international relations.The research investigates how the animation uses its visuals to depict the war by presenting strong advantages and moral authority from a single perspective while omitting contradictory views. The film implements specific images and emotional content to support both national unity and manipulate public opinions about the events. These studies demonstrate how animated media works as strategic communication while advancing overall political agendas through narrative presentation. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Institute of Visual Art and Design, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Institute of Visual Art and Design, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/animating-identity-the-role-of-pakistani-animated-series-in-shaping-national-narratives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Urban Structures: Identification and Comparison of Urban Forms in Present-Day Lahore City Zulfiqar Ali Tariq Hafiz Syed Hamid Arshad Lahore Social Cohesion Social Capital Urban Forms Urban Sustainability Urban Typologies Urbanization   The paper explores Lahore's rapid urbanization and its effects on social cohesion and sustainability. Nearly 38% of Pakistan's population lives in cities, urban expansion has led to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and declining living conditions. This study categorizes Lahore's urban forms based on physical traits like street layout and building density, analyzing their influence on residents' lifestyles and sustainability. The research highlights how Lahore's development has created isolated neighborhoods, reduced social interactions, and weakened social capital. It emphasizes the need for planners to create inclusive, community-driven spaces. By classifying different urban typologies and assessing their spatial, social, and economic characteristics, the study examines their impact on community sustainability. It focuses on the connection between urban planning and social cohesion, offering insights for future urban policies. Ultimately, the research aims to promote a more integrated and sustainable urban environment in Lahore, ensuring better living conditions and stronger community ties.   Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management & Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-urban-structures-identification-and-comparison-of-urban-forms-in-presentday-lahore-city https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Voice to Voiceless: Critical Discourse Analysis of “Baraye”: Song for Social Change Saroosh Jamil Shamaila Murtaza Javeria Urooj Language Critical Discourse Analysis Dominant The research paper focuses on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of the song "Baraye" written and sung by Shervin Hajipour. The research explores how social and political ideologies are reflected in the language of song and how the language (lyrics) of song challenges the dominant discourse. This study uses qualitative research design and also encompasses content analysis to analyze the lyrics. The research paper focuses on the translation of transcribed lyrics of “Baraye” taken from Lyrics.com, as data for this study. The study uses Norman Faircolugh’s Three-dimensional model, developed in 1989 and published in 1995 as a framework. The analysis of the lyrics of “Baraye” is a testament to social and political ideologies that are reflected in them and ascertains their position as a counter-discourse that serves as a means to spread awareness about the conflicts, struggles of people and political stature of Iran, and challenges the dominant discourse. Humanity Publications Research Students (MS Applied Linguistics), Department of English, Foundation University School of Science & Technology Rawalpindi Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Students (MS Applied Linguistics), Department of English, Foundation University School of Science & Technology Rawalpindi Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Students (MS Applied Linguistics), Department of English, Foundation University School of Science & Technology Rawalpindi Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/voice-to-voiceless-critical-discourse-analysis-of-baraye-song-for-social-change https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Trust and Mistrust in the Pak-Afghan Relations: An Analysis of Bilateral Relations in the light of Prisoner Dilemma Muhammad Imran Muhammad Ramzan Hina Adeeb Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations Prisoner’s Dilemma Geopolitical Rivalry Border Security Economic Cooperation Diplomatic Engagement The bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan has long been overshadowed by mutual mistrust and strategic rivalry, despite deep cultural ties and Pakistan hosting the world's largest Afghan refugee population. This study applies the Trust Theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma framework to analyze the persistent lack of cooperation between the two states. The research highlights how territorial disputes, cross-border terrorism, geopolitical competition, and external interventions have fueled tensions. While both countries occasionally engage in strategic cooperation under international mediation, their interactions are largely shaped by self-interest, security concerns, and historical grievances. The study argues that economic incentives, diplomatic engagement, and institutional mechanisms could help break this cycle of mistrust. However, deep-rooted historical suspicions and external influences continue to hinder long-term cooperation. Economic interdependence and mutual security assurances are crucial for stabilizing Pak-Afghan relations and fostering regional peace. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media, Creative Arts, and Global Political Studies, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Vice Chancellor, Emerson University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Media and Mass Communication, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/trust-and-mistrust-in-the-pakafghan-relations-an-analysis-of-bilateral-relations-in-the-light-of-prisoner-dilemma https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Digital Literacy and Its Influence on Media Consumption Habits in the Global South Sher Baz Khan Digital Literacy Media Consumption Global South Technology Access Information Behavior Digital Divide Online Media The research analyzes digital literacy effects on Global South media audience behavior through an assessment of digital tools and proficiency levels on platform interactions. The 21st-century media environment underwent a substantial transformation due to digital technology advancements but this change still affects people differently. Countries in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia face unique challenges due to limited technology access, high data costs, and low digital literacy levels. This research centers on Kenya together with India and Brazil as its subject area through which investigators conducted interviews and distributed questionnaires to 600 participants. Observations demonstrate that people with advanced digital competency tend to activate social networking sites (SNS) with internet service and contrastingly inexperienced users depend on conventional media tools such as television and radio. The findings demonstrate how Global South countries need improved digital resources and awareness as a solution to close their digital divide. Humanity Publications Research Fellow, Erich Brost Institute for International Journalism, Technical University Dortmund, Germany. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/digital-literacy-and-its-influence-on-media-consumption-habits-in-the-global-south https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Urban Form and Walkability: Assessing Meso- and Micro-Scale Interventions to Enhance Livability in Hyderabad, Pakistan Uzma Arisar Sabeen Qureshi Rabia Soomro Walkability Urban Form 15-Minute City SDG 11.2 Hyderabad Developing cities depend on walkability for urban livability because their planning systems prioritize cars over pedestrians. The research analyzes how urban shape influences land use while determining walkability in Hyderabad, Pakistan, to find solutions for cultivating accessible pedestrian-oriented living spaces. The study utilized mixed-methods analysis, including GIS mapping with behavioral observations and walkability index calculation, to examine three urban locations (Qasimabad, Auto Bhan, and Chandni Mobile Market). The study revealed that streets in the sample area have only 30% walkable conditions despite the finding that 70% of sidewalks are without shade. The research proposes implementing a "15-Minute City" plan, which unites compact buildings with pedestrian paths and green spaces for urban development. Urban sustainability research achieves new progress when it demonstrates that both medium-scale and small-scale development interventions work toward achieving SDG 11.2 objectives for cities. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Shaheed Allah Buksh Soomro University of Art, Design and Heritages, 76062, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, 76062, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus, Khairpur Mir's, Sindh, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/urban-form-and-walkability-assessing-meso-and-microscale-interventions-to-enhance-livability-in-hyderabad-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Education and Social Mobility: A Pathway to Economic and Social Empowerment Sajida Roshan Fazul Rahman Education Social Mobility Economic Empowerment Social Empowerment Educational Inequality Lifelong Learning Education plays a crucial role in social mobility by providing individuals with the tools to access better economic opportunities and improved social status. This paper explores the impact of educational attainment on social mobility, highlighting how it empowers individuals and bridges social classes. Through a literature review, the study establishes a direct link between education and upward mobility, particularly for disadvantaged groups. It examines formal, informal, and lifelong learning and their influence on raising living standards. The research investigates barriers to quality education economic, social, and political and how they perpetuate social inequality. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study demonstrates that education is a key driver of economic and social transformation. It emphasizes the need to improve educational access, especially in underserved communities, to promote social mobility and overall societal welfare. The paper offers policy recommendations to reduce educational disparities and support lifelong learning for all social groups. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/education-and-social-mobility-a-pathway-to-economic-and-social-empowerment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Fake News on Public Trust in Journalism: Challenges and Solutions Robina Saeed Sher Baz Khan Fake News Public Trust Journalism Misinformation Media Credibility Disinformation News Ethics Scientists examine how fake news shapes public reception toward media platforms as they analyze the obstacles that journalists face when producing factual reports. The research studies fake news operations through surveys in addition to media professional interviews and fake news article content analysis to understand its procedures along with public consequences and control methods. The study reveals social media recommendations as the main source that drives fake news distribution which creates growing partisan beliefs and mistrust between both mass and online news outlets. The emotional intensity in fake news reports results in rapid dissemination because of these strong responses, particularly when they cause anger. Fact-checking websites haven't significantly improved public ability to spot fake news, as 68% of people still remain confused. The paper underlines media monitoring as the foundation for addressing fake news through increased media literacy education as well as transparent journalistic practices and rigorous fact-checking systems. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, School of Media and Communication Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Research Fellow, Erich Brost Institute for International Journalism, Technical University Dortmund, Germany. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-fake-news-on-public-trust-in-journalism-challenges-and-solutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Influence of Reframing on Second Language Learning: A Study in Neurolinguistic Programming Tumsaal Amna Rubab Noshaba Younus Munaem Fatima Neurolinguistic Programming Reframing Second Language Learning Language Anxiety Motivation Emotional Regulation This study explores the impact of reframing, a core technique of Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP), on second language learning (SLL), focusing on reducing language anxiety and enhancing learner confidence and motivation. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was applied to a sample of 30 middle school students aged 10 to 15. Participants received a one-week NLP-based training centered on reframing strategies. Data were collected through structured language tasks and psychological surveys and analyzed using SPSS. The results showed significant improvements in learners' confidence, emotional regulation, and participation, along with a notable decrease in anxiety. These findings suggest that reframing positively influences both the emotional and cognitive aspects of language learning. This research highlights the value of incorporating psychologically informed strategies into language teaching, offering practical insights for educators seeking to foster supportive and effective learning environments. Humanity Publications M.phil Scholar, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. M.phil Scholar, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-influence-of-reframing-on-second-language-learning-a-study-in-neurolinguistic-programming https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Bharatiya Janata Party’s Nationalistic Policies under Prime Minister Narendra Modi and its Impact on the Indian Muslims Fatima Ahmed Tabish Munir Narendra Modi Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Hindu Nationalism Indian Muslims Structural Violence Citizenship Amendment Act Article 370 In 2019, Narendra Modi became the Prime Minister of India for the second term. Since his first term in 2014, there has been a surge in Hindu nationalism and a declining secular ethos. Due to these changes in the political landscape of India, there has been enactment of several discriminatory laws against Muslims in Indian Occupied Kashmir and India. Right after coming to power in 2019, Modi revoked articles 370 and 35-a which granted  Indian-occupied Kashmir autonomy under the Indian Union. Moreover, the promulgation of the Citizenship Amendment Act has created insecurities for millions of Muslims. These structural policies have shrunk the space for the largest minority of India: the Muslims. There is limited knowledge of the structural policies against Muslims and how it affects them. This study will use the structural violence of Johan Galtung's violence triangle to contextualize the discriminatory policies put in place to marginalize Muslims. Humanity Publications Independent Research Scholar, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Faculty of Social Sciences, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/bharatiya-janata-partys-nationalistic-policies-under-prime-minister-narendra-modi-and-its-impact-on-the-indian-muslims https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Media Representation of Climate Change in the Global South: A Content Analysis of News Coverage in Pakistan, Nigeria, and Brazil Sher Baz Khan Muhammad Bilal Media Representation Climate Change Global South Content Analysis Fake News Public Opinion Journalism To begin with, I examine media portrayal of climate change across the Global South, and in particular three countries; Pakistan, Nigeria and Brazil. It probes the description and rousing of climate change in news media, and the information of how environment-related news is filtered by the national and regional context. In this study, the patterns of narratives of climate change, role of the segments of the government and international actors, and the control of global media, are considered using a content analysis approach to news coverage of these countries. Further to that, the study also looks deeply into the perception of people regarding the credibility of climate change news and the impacts of fake news on making public opinion on the same. The findings also provide clues into how countries which are typically disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change portray such impacts. Humanity Publications Research Fellow, Erich Brost Institute for International Journalism, Technical University Dortmund, Germany. Assistant Registrar, National Defense University (NDU), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/media-representation-of-climate-change-in-the-global-south-a-content-analysis-of-news-coverage-in-pakistan-nigeria-and-brazil https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Artificial Intelligence in Conflict Prediction and Prevention: Opportunities and Risks for International Peace and Security Muhammad Usman Ullah Sahar Saleem Amina Munir Artificial Intelligence Conflict Prevention International Security Early Warning Systems Peacekeeping Machine Learning Predictive Analytics Artificial intelligence(AI) is a well and indeed done deal, and now the AI economy is not only keeping itself alive but also being regarded as a force for transformation to transform fighting and its prediction and prevention into a global endeavor. Since it can use the power of massive data sources and machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms, AI systems can detect and warn of early signs of conflict so that decision-makers can get a head start. Much more specifically, an emphasis on data can amplify bias or produce incorrect predictions, undermining the trust in the results that AI promises to provide. There are significant ethical, political, and technical challenges to integrating AI into peacekeeping frameworks that need to be carefully walked along to use AI responsibly. It is this paper that studies those dimensions and looks to the future to analyze how AI might be distributed in conflict management. Humanity Publications Assistant Research Fellow, Global Policy & Research Institute (GLOPRI), Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar , Department of International Relations , Wuhan University P.R China, School of Journalism and Communication. MPhil Scholar, Centre for South Asian Studies Punjab University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/artificial-intelligence-in-conflict-prediction-and-prevention-opportunities-and-risks-for-international-peace-and-security https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Ideology Trudges on Tabula-Rasa: A Semiotic Analysis of Selected Political Cartoons in Pakistani Newspapers Anam Fida Aimun Noor Irum Musa Political Cartoon Indigenous Socio-political events Ideology Semiotic Analysis Critical Discourse Analysis Focus Group Media has become an inevitable source of information in this era of consumerism where the commodity sells as well as is sold through the discursive devices-both verbal as well as visual. This study explores how perception of socio-political reality is (re/de)constructed through media discourses with ideological underpinning-potent of both face saving and face exploitation. To cope with the research objective, a represented sample comprising political cartoons has been selected from two Pakistani newspapers-Dawn and The Nation, and mixed method is employed to analyse the sample semiotically as well as critically.  For this purpose, Kress and Leeuwen's Model (2006), Fairclough’s Tridimensional Model (1995) and Van Dijk’s model (1995, 2006) have been employed to prove media discourse-a discursive and an ideological construct. The interpretation and integration of findings confirm that the discourses reveal representations of representation instead of reality and which (re/de) construct the perception of indigenous socio-political events. Humanity Publications Visiting Faculty, Bahauddin Zakariya University, /University of Southern Punjab, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English GS (Graduate Studies), National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ideology-trudges-on-tabularasa-a-semiotic-analysis-of-selected-political-cartoons-in-pakistani-newspapers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Visual Poetics and Graphological Deviations: A Critical Study of Style in Selected Poems of William Wordsworth Ezzah Shakil Muhammad Hanzallah Maria Batool Critical Stylistics ESL Context Graphological Deviations Literary Interpretation Thematic Meaning Visual Poetics Wordsworth The present study aims to analyze Graphological deviations as a form of visual poetics in two selected poems by William Wordsworth. The study in hand is descriptive and qualitative where the close reading and critical stylistic analysis of texts is done through the lens of Jeffries' (2010) framework of Critical Stylistics. The primary focus of the study is on how Graphological features such as punctuation, line arrangement, and capitalization contribute to the construction of the thematic meaning of the chosen texts. The results of the analysis showed that the poems are not only an epitome of Wordsworth's eulogizing of nature but the simplicity of expression and rural poetic diction work together to establish universal themes of beauty, solitude, innocence of childhood and sacredness of pastoral life through their visual-textual composition. This study offers insights into stylistic expressions and provides a useful model for literary interpretation in ESL contexts. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan Lecturer English, Department of Social Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Faculty, Department of English Linguistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/visual-poetics-and-graphological-deviations-a-critical-study-of-style-in-selected-poems-of-william-wordsworth https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Climate Change Education at the Primary School Level in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis of Curricula and Teaching Practices Saima Habib Tayyaba Zain Climate Change Education Unesco Framework Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Pck) Public and Private Schools Pakistan Curriculum Analysis Teacher Perceptions Education about climate change serves as a fundamental requirement for establishing environmental stewardship among primary school students. The investigation compares climate change knowledge between Pakistani public and private primary schools by utilizing UNESCO's climate education framework together with Shulman's Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). The research methodology combined quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze textbooks from the Punjab Textbook Board and Oxford University Press, gather survey data from teachers, and conduct structured interviews followed by statistical assessment. The research shows modest direct climate-related learning appears in both public and private school curricula with private schools achieving better results in teaching methods. The participating sectors demonstrate teaching difficulties because of insufficient training and complex material which strengthens the argument for educational development based on UNESCO principles as well as PCK best practices. Humanity Publications Section Head, Rangers Public School, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. M. Phil Scholar, Department of STEM Education, University of Education Township, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climate-change-education-at-the-primary-school-level-in-pakistan-a-comparative-analysis-of-curricula-and-teaching-practices https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Analysis of Critical Thinking Strategies and Problems Faced in English Academic Essays by Undergraduates of Professional Colleges in District Abbottabad Wagma Hameed Ghani Rahman Laraib Rahat Critical Thinking Undergraduate Strategies Components Problems Academic Essay Toulmin’s Model Argumentation This study seeks to examine the characters, difficulties, and challenges encountered by professional students in writing academic essays by exploring the strategies employed by undergraduates in writing academic essays. The sample comprised twenty students selected from four professional colleges located in Abbottabad. The research instruments utilized in this study consisted of a questionnaire about critical thinking strategies and English essay prompts written by the same students. A descriptive survey design was utilized for data collection. The statistical analysis was followed by qualitative analysis under the framework of Toulmin's Model of Argumentation. The analysis revealed that students encountered numerous difficulties when attempting to compose an academic essay despite possessing a rudimentary understanding. The findings of the study highlighted the impact of language and writing proficiency challenges on cohesion in academic essays. The findings suggested that students often find it challenging to incorporate higher-order thinking skills into their writing. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, English Department, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analysis-of-critical-thinking-strategies-and-problems-faced-in-english-academic-essays-by-undergraduates-of-professional-colleges-in-district-abbottabad https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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A Critical Constructivist Analysis of Global Media Framing of Hindutva Narratives and Their Impact on Indian Muslims Ahmed Osama Tahir Memona Mujahid Hindutva Narendra Modi Indian Muslims global media framing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Constructivism Secularism Democracy Religious Nationalism Minority Rights The current research analyzes how global media frames Hindutva ideology, the political tactics of the BJP, and their influence on Indian Muslims. Employing a Critical Constructivist framework that combines Fairclough's (1992) Three-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA) with Wendt's(1992) Constructivist theory of International Relations, the study analyzes video coverage by BBC, Al Jazeera, and ABC News, 2024. Through text, discursive, and social-practice analysis, the research uncovers how global narratives produce Modi as both a democratic reformer and authoritarian nationalist, commonly equating Hindu cultural identity with state power. The analysis illustrates that international media are not mere observers but active agents in shaping India's global identity and perceptions of its democratic integrity. The critical analysis of language, representation, and ideology highlights how media discourse legitimizes or resists political majoritarianism. The implications focus on the global media's framing of domestic ideologies and call for more critical literacy to decode international news narratives. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of English, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-critical-constructivist-analysis-of-global-media-framing-of-hindutva-narratives-and-their-impact-on-indian-muslims https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Employing Ecolinguistics Strategies: Analyzing the Impact of Salience and Erasure in Environmental Advertising Gul Aizaz Samra Gul Ecolinguistics Salience Erasure Environmental Advertising Language and Ecology This research explores the field of ecolinguistics, the study of the relationship between language and ecology with a particular emphasis on how language expressions affect how people perceive their surroundings. Using Stibbe's(2015)ecolinguistic paradigm of salience and erasure, six environmental commercials are analyzed and divided into constructive and destructive categories. To investigate how these strategies appear in ads and how well they work to communicate environmental messages, both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used.While the quantitative component evaluates the frequency and impact of the advertising, the qualitative analysis examines how salience and erasure are applied to them. The findings suggest that salience is a strategy that is mostly employed in constructive commercials to draw attention to important environmental issues, whereas, in destructive advertisements, both salience and erasure are equally used. According to the study's findings, salience works especially well for positive ads since it can highlight important facets of environmental campaigning. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/employing-ecolinguistics-strategies-analyzing-the-impact-of-salience-and-erasure-in-environmental-advertising https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Conservation and Stabilization of Late Kushan Copper Coins from the Islamabad Museum, Pakistan, Using Physical and Ultrasonic Methods Attiya Malik Naveed Usman Gul Rahim Khan Conservation Stabilization Copper Coin Ultrasonic treatment Corrosion This study investigates the conservation and stabilization of Late Kushan copper coins using two different techniques i.e. physical and ultrasonic. The study insides on a hoard of 390 groups of copper coins from the reserve collection of the Islamabad Museum, recognized to the Late Kushan period ensuing the reign of Vasudeva I. The coins were issued under a number of rulers, reproducing the rich cultural and historical variety. The research highlights the critical importance of preserving metallic objects, mainly those compromised by corrosion and environmental contact. To certify the coins' structural reliability and significance, progressive non-destructive techniques were engaged for cleaning and stabilization. The conservation process included detailed pre-treatment analysis, stabilization protocols, and thorough documentation, all conducted within a specialized laboratory environment. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of both ultrasonic and physical methods in conserving ancient copper coins and offer valuable insights into the broader field of heritage preservation. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Archeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Archeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Archeology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/conservation-and-stabilization-of-late-kushan-copper-coins-from-the-islamabad-museum-pakistan-using-physical-and-ultrasonic-methods https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Natural Disasters and Built Environment: Reconstruction and Rehabilitation after the Earthquake (2005) in Balakot, Pakistan Ghazala Rafi Muhammad Ayub Jan Syed Sami Raza Reconstruction Earthquake Rehabilitation Balakot Disaster Management Post-Disaster Urban Planning After the earthquake and the loss of life and property, the reconstruction and rehabilitation process was challenging. It was also hotly debated and involved controversies. Large amounts of funds were used to help the victims of the earthquake. Some of these funds were made available immediately. Some funds were promised as pledges to be paid over time and were for the reconstruction, rebuilding, and rehabilitation of the people. On the other hand, the government, just as the area's people, found itself completely untrained and unprepared for a calamity of this size. The turning point in rebuilding and rehabilitation came in 2021 with a new plan from the government. While the project of New Balakot City remained intact, the new plan changed the nature and direction of the project by proposing the city be made a tourist destination. In the long run, the process of rebuilding and reconstruction failed. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Islamia College, Peshawar; KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar; KP, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/natural-disasters-and-built-environment-reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-after-the-earthquake-2005-in-balakot-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Revolutionizing Online Education through Emerging Technologies Enhancing Accessibility, Personalization, and Learners' Engagement at the Tertiary Level Sobia Tasneem Hiba Khatak Anmol Kainat Emerging Technologies Teaching Methods Learning Tendencies Current Practices Future Prospects The rapid advancement of digital technologies is revolutionizing online education, enhancing accessibility, personalization, and learner engagement. This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and Blockchain on online learning environments. A structured survey was conducted among students from three universities in Multan NUML, Women University, and an Education University to evaluate their perceptions, adoption trends, and associated challenges. The findings indicate that AI-powered systems improve personalized learning, VR fosters immersive educational experiences, and Blockchain enhances digital credential verification. The study revealed that over 60% of students perceived AI-based platforms as effective tools for personalized learning and 25% raised concerns about the lack of human interaction, fearing that AI-driven education could reduce opportunities for independent thinking, class discussions, and direct instructor feedback. This research highlights the need for institutional strategies to facilitate the effective implementation of these technologies, ensuring a more inclusive and engaging learning landscape. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/revolutionizing-online-education-through-emerging-technologies-enhancing-accessibility-personalization-and-learners-engagement-at-the-tertiary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Role of Eco-Fin Tech and Sustainable Banking with Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Customer Satisfaction Hafiza Amina Shahzadi Zargham Ullah Khan Rafia Amjad Block Chain Technology Green Banking Practices Consumer Satisfaction Perceived Data Quality Digital Banking The international monetary landscape is undergoing rapid transformation as a result of the increasing emphasis placed on sustainability, transparency, and cutting-edge technology. Blockchain technology has become a game-changing tool in the field of energy savings, especially in the field of ecological financial assets. This study considers the relationship between customer satisfaction and BCT, explained through PDQ, using two dimensions of GBP as a mediating variable. This study based on the (TOE) approach, employs a quantitative methodology to gather information from 399 banking industry professionals. The findings suggest that PDQ which also indirectly impacts CS through GBP, has a significant impact on the adoption of blockchain technology. The mediating role of GBP shows how technological innovation advances sustainable finance goals and improves customer-centric consequences. This study adds to the burgeoning literature on eco-fintech by filling a critical gap. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-ecofin-tech-and-sustainable-banking-with-blockchain-technology-in-enhancing-customer-satisfaction https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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The Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion on Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan: Opportunities and Challenges in a Digital Economy Noor Fatima Digital Financial Inclusion Poverty Alleviation Financial Technology Mobile Banking Financial Literacy Economic Empowerment Pakistan Digital financial inclusion enables the integration of millions of underprivileged individuals into the financial system, making poverty alleviation increasingly achievable. In a developing country like Pakistan, which has a large unbanked population, this presents a significant opportunity for economic empowerment through mobile banking, digital wallets, and fintech innovations. These tools enhance financial participation by improving access to savings, credit, and financial literacy. This research highlights how digital financial inclusion can significantly contribute to poverty alleviation. However, key challenges remain, including limited digital infrastructure, gender disparities, cybersecurity risks, and low trust in digital systems. By examining both policy frameworks and grassroots initiatives, this study offers actionable insights into how these barriers can be addressed. It emphasizes that digital finance, when effectively implemented, can promote sustainable development and help bridge economic disparities in Pakistan’s rapidly evolving digital economy. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-digital-financial-inclusion-on-poverty-alleviation-in-pakistan-opportunities-and-challenges-in-a-digital-economy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Influence of Changing Rainfall Patterns on Wheat and Maize Production: A Case Study of Mandra District, Rawalpindi Amber Batool Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Climate Change Rainfall Pattern Wheat Maize Crop Production Crop Diseases This study highlights the influence of irregular rainfall on Wheat and Maize Production in Mandra, District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Local farmers face many difficulties due to the change in climate. Farmers used to grow pulses and peanuts, but now these crops are not grown due to climate change. Through in-depth interviews, the study highlights that changes in rainfall patterns result in crop diseases like leaf Rust, Stem Rust, insects, and damage. The study also shows that rising costs of fertilizers like DAP, Urea, and pesticides lead to financial stress for farmers. Findings show that climate change affects crop productivity and farmers' lives. The study recommends a better irrigation system and offering discounts for fertilizers and pesticides; accurate information about weather and providing awareness to farmers can reduce the influence of changing rainfall patterns on Wheat and Maize Production. It can help farmers to reduce losses in the future. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor/ Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/influence-of-changing-rainfall-patterns-on-wheat-and-maize-production-a-case-study-of-mandra-district-rawalpindi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Enforcement of Shareholders’ Rights: Assessing the Efficacy of Two-Tier Board Structure for Pakistan Aamir Abbas Muhammad Waqas Sarwar Muhammad Babar Shaheen Corporate Governance Private Enforcement Two-Tier Board Structure Challenges to the Supervisory Board This article challenges those arguments that suggest a two-tier board structure for improving the enforcement mechanism as an alternative to the private enforcement mechanism for the protection of the rights of shareholders in Pakistan.  The corporate ownership structure in Pakistan is controlled by majority shareholders who, by their majority shareholdings in corporations, control Executive boards by appointing their friends and family members as board members. A two-tier board structure, which is supposed to monitor Executive boards, is composed of the representatives of shareholders, employees, and independent directors.  Also, the representatives of employees, being trade union leaders and under the threat of being replaced, would serve the interests of the majority shareholders. Independent directors are supposed to monitor the Executive boards, but their independence is questioned when controlling shareholders appoint their friends and family members as independent directors. This article emphasises the need for an effective statutory remedy for shareholders’ protection. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/enforcement-of-shareholders-rights-assessing-the-efficacy-of-twotier-board-structure-for-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-I).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Desperate Times, Desperate Measures: Time Travellesque Trapped Kinetics of Refugee Surveillance towards Exit West Mahwish Abid Black Doors Spatio-Temporal Surveillance Time Travellesque Trapped Kinetics Refugees This paper demonstrates how Mohsin Hamid's Exit West deals with the pernicious consequences of war, and anarchy.  The refugees Saeed and Nadia resorted to escape routes in search of an asylum, due to war. These were desperate times that called for desperate measures. When both protagonists escape using "black doors," what I call 'time- time-travellesque,' it transports them to an alternate reality that negates time and space. This research examines how spatiotemporal travel impacts these two characters who bypass the experience of "trapped kinetics". My argument is that refugee experience and incessant surveillance change people. Both protagonists go through similar experiences but come up with different ways to deal with life. This illuminates how these black doors transcend the restrictions imposed by time and space and how this change rebuts the travel restrictions imposed by visas and borders for the refugees. Humanity Publications Ph. D scholar, Department of English, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/desperate-times-desperate-measures-time-travellesque-trapped-kinetics-of-refugee-surveillance-towards-exit-west https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Elemental Analysis of Late Kushan Copper Coins from the Islamabad Museum, Pakistan, Using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy Attiya Malik Naveed Usman Gul Rahim Khan Non-destructive Longevity X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Inclusion Poling Striations Archaeometallurgy examines the manufacture, practice, and technical development of ancient metals. This investigation middles on the elemental analysis of Late Kushan copper coins from Pakistan, applying X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, a non-destructive method to discover their metallurgical alignment. The sample consisted of 22 Late Kushan copper coins, from the Islamabad Museum's reserve collection, chosen for comprehensive research. The main working technique was the XRF study, expected to classify alloying elements, minting approaches, and metallurgical performances from the Kushan period. The coins were generally struck relatively than cast, reflecting the invitation of modern minting methods. Elemental analysis identified notable quantities of tin, lead, and nickel. The sign of sulfide ores along with crusts such as silica, iron, and Sulphur facts to less advanced smelting methods. The coins exhibit a single-phase copper with impurities of Si, Ni, P, and Ag, as well as black inclusions of copper sulfide in the inner cores. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Archeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Archeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Archeology, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/elemental-analysis-of-late-kushan-copper-coins-from-the-islamabad-museum-pakistan-using-xray-fluorescence-xrf-spectroscopy https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Developing English Reading Comprehension Skills through Collaborative Strategic Reading: An Action Research at Eighth Grade Hasnain Shawana Fazal Shaista Irshad Khan Collaborative Strategic Reading Efl Classroom Reading Comprehension Action Research Reading comprehension is the capacity to make sense and deduce the meaning of a text. Students actively engaged in collaboration and deep thinking enhance their reading comprehension skills. This action research examined the role of Collaborative Strategic Reading(CSR) in enhancing the English reading comprehension skills of eighth-grade students in a private institution in Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used to gather data from 30 students studying in the eighth grade. Ten observations of the class were made to define the students' current comprehension level. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to gauge the effectiveness of student-student interaction offered through pair work.  The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. The comparison of the pre-test and post-test scores indicated significant improvement in students' reading comprehension. The findings suggested that CSR is an effective strategy that teachers may use to improve the reading comprehension skills of their students. Humanity Publications English Teacher, Unique Learning Academy, Baffa, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/developing-english-reading-comprehension-skills-through-collaborative-strategic-reading-an-action-research-at-eighth-grade https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Geo-Political Implications of the US-China AI and Tech Rivalry Bushra Haider Sobia Hanif Zeeshan Fida US-China Artificial Intelligence Tech Rivalry Geopolitical Implications The emerging US-China rivalry over Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cutting-edge technologies has become a fundamental aspect of contemporary global politics. This research explores how the mission for technological dominance between these two major powers is redesigning the geopolitical landscape, transforming long-standing coalitions, and introducing new frontiers of competition such as innovation, data manipulation, and semiconductor supply chains. The research explores critical developments such as the rise of strategic tech-driven coalitions like QUAD and AUKUS in setting global narratives around AI governance. This research applies the theoretical lens of Defensive Realism, which argues that states act to preserve their security in an anarchic international system by countering potential threats. This qualitative study examines how AI leadership and control over innovative technologies are becoming strategic instruments in the restructuring of geopolitical power dynamics. Humanity Publications M. Phil, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-geopolitical-implications-of-the-uschina-ai-and-tech-rivalry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Impact of Digital Technologies on Student Engagement in Science Teaching at the Higher Secondary Level M. Saeed Shakir Shanza Marium Aqsa Majeed Digital Technology Student Engagement Higher Secondary Science Teaching This study investigates the role of digital technologies in enhancing student engagement in science education at the higher secondary level, focusing on institutions in Multan. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 203 students through a structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. The results indicate that digital tools such as simulations, virtual labs, and multimedia resources significantly improve students' motivation, participation, and conceptual understanding. Female students demonstrated slightly higher engagement levels compared to males. A strong positive correlation was found between enabling factors and engagement (r = 0.60), while challenges showed a negative correlation (r = 0.42). The findings underscore the need for strategic investments in digital infrastructure, teacher training, and curriculum-aligned content. This research contributes to developing effective digital teaching strategies and provides actionable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to enhance science education through technology integration in secondary schools. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML), Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-digital-technologies-on-student-engagement-in-science-teaching-at-the-higher-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Impact of Online Learning on Students’ Engagement and Academic Performance at Higher Institutions Sobia Tasneem Marium Talha Quraishi Online Learning Student Engagement Academic Achievement Higher Education This research examines the effects of e-learning on academic performance and student engagement in universities. Through a quantitative approach, data were gathered from a sample of 200 students drawn from a population of 1,050. Descriptive statistical procedures, i.e., mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages, were used together with inferential tests like ANOVA and regression to test the association among variables. The results confirm that a reliable internet connection, access to digital devices, and technical support significantly improve students' experience through online learning.  It suggests the integration of mixed-method studies with long-term designs in terms of developing a more complete profile of online courses of study. It also recommends that the use of good teaching practices, strong student support services, and equitable institutional policies should be embraced to enhance motivation and attainment. All these conclusions are essential to teachers and policymakers who aspire to get the most out of online learning. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML) Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML) Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Education, National University of Modern Language (NUML) Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impact-of-online-learning-on-students-engagement-and-academic-performance-at-higher-institutions https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Role of Urban Parks in Climate Change Adaptation: The Fundamentals for Establishment of Indicators with a special focus on Punjab, Pakistan Bazla Manzoor Saima Gulzar Muhammad Aamir Basheer Urban Parks Climate Change Adaptation Indicators Urban parks are the essential city elements which provide eco benefits in the current time of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Climate change produced due to such human activities generated significant impacts. Climate change is a major phenomenon observed in the environment at global level. Pakistan is among the top ten countries who are facing climate change at the fastest rate. Indicators are the parameters which can measure the climate change rate and adaptation level of urban parks for appropriate monitoring and outcomes. Certain factors and indicators are required to be identified and a framework should be established to evaluate the urban parks. A system is required to be developed to assign the weightages to the established indicators for evaluation and monitoring of urban parks to increase their effectiveness and functionality. Urban parks can provide sustainable adaptation if monitored and evaluated successfully. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor-Chairperson, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Smart Mobility and Logistics, Department of Architecture and City Design, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/role-of-urban-parks-in-climate-change-adaptation-the-fundamentals-for-establishment-of-indicators-with-a-special-focus-on-punjab-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Leadership Practices of Principals at Higher Secondary Schools Bibi Kausar Perveen Jamila Begum Sustainability leadership Practices System Thinking Emphatic Collaboration Anticipatory Strategic Action Integrated Problem Solving The aim of this research study was a comparison between sustainability leadership practices of principals at HSS level. The research objectives of this research study were a) to investigate sustainability leadership practices of principals at Higher Secondary school level b) to compare the sustainability leadership practices of principals at Public and Private sector c) To analyze the gender based sustainability leadership practices of principals. Population of this research study was all the principals, all teachers of their schools in Punjab Province. Data were collected from 200 teachers. A self -developed questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Data analysis was done through mean, standard deviation and t. test. Research findings indicate that sustainability leadership practices of principals significantly enhance effective teaching and pedagogical skills of teachers in organizations and generate pleasant and friendly environment for holistic development of learners and all other teaching learning activities. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-analysis-of-sustainability-leadership-practices-of-principals-at-higher-secondary-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The American Dream Revisited: Marginalized Perspectives in Early American Selected Texts Saman Salah Khair- Un- Nisa Azeem Sadaf Akram American Revolutionary War Literary Heritage Post-Revolutionary War Literature This study examines the profound impact of the American Revolutionary War on the literary landscape of the era, revealing that themes of isolation, rebelliousness, democracy, loss, and death became defining characteristics of the literature. Through the analysis of a few selected literary texts and drawing on existing research, this study aims to explore the impacts of the war on the literature and contribute to the current understanding of the period's literary heritage, providing evidence of how the war's tumultuous events shaped the creative expression of writers and influenced the broader literary canon. This study uses a directed qualitative content analysis approach, following the framework proposed by Hseih and Shannon, (2005). The study highlights the themes of the selected post-revolutionary war literature and proves that the literature is always affected by the scenario. Humanity Publications Assistant professor, Department of English Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan. Mphil Scholar, Department of English Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan. Contract Teacher, Department of English Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-american-dream-revisited-marginalized-perspectives-in-early-american-selected-texts https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Analyzing the Media Framing of Polio Disease Eradication Campaigns in Pakistan Saqib Mughal Farrukh Shahzad Qamar Abbas Media Framing Polio Eradication Medi Campaigns Persuasion Disinformation Propaganda The current research undertaken investigates the framing strategies used by significant media outlets while reporting polio eradication campaigns in Pakistan. The research encompasses reporting of polio-related news between January and December 2022. This study assesses media narratives from four prominent outlets Dawn, Geo News, Express News, and ARY News. The study will apply the framing functions theory enunciated by Entman that divides a piece of news into definition, diagnosis, cause and effect, and recommendations. Study shows that Dawn notably is prioritizing problem definition and ARY showing a more balanced distribution across all four frames. Analysis suggests that emphasis must be laid on the role of media in shaping public debate around polio, especially within high-risk districts. The study contributes to the dialogue on health communication and highlights the necessity of strategic media engagement to support public health initiatives in Pakistan by informing these framing dynamics. Humanity Publications PhD. Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University E-8 Campus Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University E-8 Campus Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University E-8 Campus Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/analyzing-the-media-framing-of-polio-disease-eradication-campaigns-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Comparative Analysis of Educational News Coverage in Pakistani Regional Newspapers Across Urban and Rural Areas Amir Shah Muhammad Shahid Educational News Pakistan Newspapers Underrepresentation Media Bias This study examines the presentation of educational news in Pakistani regional newspapers, comparing coverage in urban and rural contexts. Utilizing a Google Form survey, it aimed to identify disparities in information coverage, analyze the portrayal of rural educational issues, and evaluate the standards of education journalism. While the exploratory data collection involved 18 responses from diverse demographics across various provinces, the initial analysis indicates an urban-centric bias in educational reporting, underrepresentation of rural educational issues, and differing reader perceptions on the quality and significance of educational news. These findings underscore key areas for further investigation into the media's role in educational discourse. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Riphah Institute of Media Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, and In-Charge Postgraduate Program, Riphah Institute of Media Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/comparative-analysis-of-educational-news-coverage-in-pakistani-regional-newspapers-across-urban-and-rural-areas https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Exploring the Challenges of Curriculum Development in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review Aima Shafiq Rukhsana Yahya Salma Waheed Artificial Intelligence Curriculum Development Systematic Review Challenges The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in all domains of society is reshaping the academic landscape, calling for a change in curriculum design and delivery. This systematic review investigates how the educational system is changing to adapt its curriculum to align with the opportunities and challenges created by AI technologies. The four primary theoretical frameworks include Constructivist Learning Theory, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), Digital Capital Theory, and the 21st-Century Skills Framework in the framework of AI education teaching, technical and equity dimensions. The results show that when AI promises personal education, administrative performance, and modern teaching methods, there are important gaps in curriculum education, the preparation of teachers, and moral integration. In combination with current global literature, this study provides valuable insights for teachers, policymakers, and curriculum designers in the AI-powered world. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-challenges-of-curriculum-development-in-the-era-of-artificial-intelligence-a-systematic-review https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Case Studies of Eco-Conscious and Climate-Sensitive Designs in Neelum Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Adnan Anwar Shakir Ullah Yasmeen Ahmad Sustainable Architecture Traditional Building Techniques Climate-Responsive Design Plastic Bricks Neelum Valley Sustainable architecture faces challenges in cold climates, where traditional houses are constructed using wood logs, and stone. These materials provide insulation but are unsustainable due to deforestation. Contemporary homes, though widespread, have low insulation, requiring more energy. This research proposes a development model employing environmentally friendly materials and techniques for enhanced thermal performance. It compares conventional, modern, and proposed houses and concludes that plastic bricks, although costly when compared to concrete, offer superior insulation and sustainability. The research recommends utilizing fiber cement boards and energy-efficient systems. It recommends the use of plastic bricks to reduce waste. Combining traditional and modern construction techniques is recommended. Institutional support for green buildings is required. The research recommends the integration of conventional knowledge with the usage of modern materials to design energy-efficient dwellings under extreme climates. Future studies may include better insulation, renewable energy, and the socioeconomic effect of sustainable architecture. Humanity Publications Ph.D Scholar, Department of Archeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Archeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan. PhD/Post Doctoral Associate. Department Building Construction Science College of Architecture, Art & Design, Mississippi State University,39762, United States. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/case-studies-of-ecoconscious-and-climatesensitive-designs-in-neelum-valley-azad-jammu-and-kashmir https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Ethical Challenges and Patient Engagement Using AI in Health Communication: A Review Study Ayisha Hashim Nayab Farooq Ayesha Qamar Health Communication AI integration Ethical Challenges Health Care Digital Health Platforms AI transformed healthcare communication. Conversational AI utilizes ChatGPT and other large language models more frequently. This technology finds personalized health data, expanding options. Intelligent technologies help people understand their health by teaching medical ideas and giving interactive support. AI improves patient care and workflow. AI improves patient-provider communication, raising legal, ethical, and regulatory issues. The research addresses these issues. This investigation identified studies that used PRISMA-compliant systematic reviews. A search of Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, PubMed, and others yielded 50 hits. Native studies enable academics to evaluate AI in health communication as a whole. The studies identified issues related to ethical concerns, data privacy, and the preparation of healthcare professionals. The paper provides a health communication AI conceptual framework for planned, moral progress. AI must be invented,used, and applied equitably, responsibly, transparently, and ethically to maximize its revolutionary promise while respecting patient rights and promoting equitable public health. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Communication and Media Studies Department, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/ethical-challenges-and-patient-engagement-using-ai-in-health-communication-a-review-study https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Linking Green Marketing Practices and Greenwashing to Eco-Friendly Buying Behavior: Evidence from Pakistan Rafia Amjad Zargham Ullah Khan Hafiza Amina Shahzadi Green Marketing Strategies Green Buying Intention Greenwashing Consumer Behavior Sustainability Pakistan Environmental Marketing Demographic Factors Authenticity Consumer Trust This research study explores the relationship between green marketing strategies and Pakistani consumers' green buying intentions (GBI), with a focus on the moderating effect of greenwashing. Data was collected quantitatively from 60 participants, covering a variety of different attributes such as age, income level, occupation, and education. The results showed that green pricing strategies have less effect on GBI than green product, place, and promotional initiatives. Altogether the paper highlights that greenwashing has a negative moderating effect on the association between green marketing strategies and GBI, demonstrating that consumers' perception of false environmental promises may hinder marketing endeavors. Humanity Publications PhD Candidate, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Candidate, Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/linking-green-marketing-practices-and-greenwashing-to-ecofriendly-buying-behavior-evidence-from-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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A Multi-Modal Discourse Analysis of Meme-Marketing Strategies Used by Pakistani Brands on Instagram Abdullah Qamar Abbas Muhammad Munib Ur Rehman Meme-Marketing Pakistani Brands Gen-Z Narrative Transportation Theory Self Congruity Theory Pop-Culture Brand Identity Brand Prominent Meme-Marketing This study attempts to understand meme marketing dynamics in the Pakistani online media landscape. It focuses on how Pakistani brands using memes take advantage of cultural references, wordplay, trendy template and music to engage the online user base. This study employs a qualitative design utilizing multi-modal analysis to examine 87 meme-based posts from Instagram pages of 5 Pakistani brands across 4 industries: Men’s grooming products, fragrances, ride hailing service and baking. This study is guided by theoretical frameworks such as narrative transportation theory, Shifman’s 3 meme dimensions and self-congruity theory. The findings revealed that brands used local cultural references, religious motifs, regional music and wordplay to engage their demographics. Brand logos and products were imbedded in the memes and humor styles such as self-depreciation, absurdism, sarcasm, pop-culture, visual puns and wordplay were used. Humanity Publications Undergraguate, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MS Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-multimodal-discourse-analysis-of-mememarketing-strategies-used-by-pakistani-brands-on-instagram https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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China's Economic Footprint: Blessing or Curse for Angola and Sudan? Iman Fatima Imran Wakil Bilal Bin Liaqat China Sudan Angola Sino-African Relations Economic Growth Investment Infrastructure Resource Extraction Debt Dependency This article explores the complexities of China's relations with African countries, especially Angola and Sudan. It explores the large investments that China has made in infrastructure, energy, and natural resource extraction, both the promise of economic growth and the attendant issues of sustainability, debt dependence, and indigenous capacity development. In Sudan, China's economic and military presence showcases the country's strategic interests in stabilizing the area but poses vital questions about governance and human rights. Similarly, Angola's reliance on Chinese loans for infrastructure development illustrates the merits of foreign investment, while the heavy debt burden threatens "debt-trap diplomacy." The research underlines the imperative for both countries to prioritize inclusive development, increase local labor employment, and ensure that investments underpin socio-economic resilience. Finally, the paper argues that mutual gains in Sino-African relations should manifest in tangible improvement of the local people, creating long-term development and economic self-reliance. Humanity Publications BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/chinas-economic-footprint-blessing-or-curse-for-angola-and-sudan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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From Promise to Paradox: Unmasking the American Dream Syed Muhammad Bahramand Shah Abbas Jan American Dream 9/11 Manifest Destiny Immigrants The 9/11 attacks significantly changed the perception of the American Dream, revealing how the United States shifted from a welcoming society for immigrants and highlighting the deep impacts of this tragic event. This research digs into the myths and realities about the American Dream while applying a qualitative approach to analyze it. Key events and movements have significantly shaped public perception and introduced new interpretations with the passage of time. The research article examines the evolution of the American Dream alongside concepts of American exceptionalism as expressed by Alexis De Tocqueville, Manifest Destiny, multiculturalism, and cultural practices, which bring Diversity in the USA. In light of the above discussion, it also investigates the political, economic, and social repercussions of 9/11 on the very essence of the American Dream and how the Trump Administration’s policies have redefined the aspirations associated with the American Dream for other individuals seeking to attain this ideal. Humanity Publications M.Phil, American Studies Area Study Centre, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Fulbright Scholar, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA. Assistant Professor, American Studies Area Study Centre, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil, American Studies Area Study Centre, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-promise-to-paradox-unmasking-the-american-dream https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Media and National Identity Formation in Pakistan: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis Tazeem Imran Sadia Masood Uzma Malik Media National Identity Pakistan Historical Analysis Social Media State-Controlled Media Public Perception The media has played a significant role in shaping national identity, a subject of growing interest globally and, more specifically, in Pakistan, where it has actively influenced public perceptions of the nation’s identity and its position in the world. This paper seeks to explore the construction of national identity in Pakistan and how various forms of media ranging from state-controlled traditional outlets to social media platforms have constituted and transformed Pakistan as both a space for and a component of what is recognized as national identity. In constructing the ‘image’ of Pakistan after independence, the media particularly state media was instrumental in promoting a unified Muslim identity in South Asia. In contemporary times, however, the proliferation of private and social media has diversified these narratives, resulting in a fractured yet dynamic national identity. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/media-and-national-identity-formation-in-pakistan-a-historical-and-contemporary-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Influence of Psychological Contract on Job Satisfaction Among Medical Laboratory Professionals in Selected Public Health Sector Institutions at the National Government, Kenya Peninna Mwongeli Nzoka Kezia Njoroge Carol Kawila Kyalo Job Satisfaction Medical Laboratory Professionals Psychological Contract The psychological contract, an implicit agreement shapes employee-employer relationships within organizations. The study investigated the psychological contract's impact on job satisfaction among Medical Laboratory Professionals (MLPs) in Kenya's public health sector. A response rate of 98 (92.7%), for 106 MLPs surveyed with quantitative data analyzed using SPSS version 29. Pearson’s correlation coefficient results indicated that employee obligations, employee entitlements, employer obligations, and delegation were significantly associated with job satisfaction (p<0.001), accounting for 57.7% of the dependent variable's variation, with a model fit of 31.70. Multiple regression analysis revealed that employee obligations (p-value =0.578) insignificantly influenced job satisfaction. Delegation (β = 0.362) had the strongest positive and significant association with job satisfaction, employee entitlements (β = 0.351), and employer obligations (β = 0.253), with employee obligations indicating a negative association. A combination of psychological contract elements (obligations and entitlements) and structural elements (delegation) constitute the key drivers for improving job satisfaction. Humanity Publications Master's Student, Department of Health Systems Management and Medical Education, Kenya Methodist University, Nairobi Campus, Starehe Nairobi, Kenya. Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Chair of the Department, Department of Health Systems Management and Medical Education, Kenya Methodist University, Nairobi Campus, Starehe Nairobi, Kenya. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-influence-of-psychological-contract-on-job-satisfaction-among-medical-laboratory-professionals-in-selected-public-health-sector-institutions-at-the-national-government-kenya https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Climate-Sensitive Diseases: Public Health Preparedness in the Face of Environmental Change Rehan Shakeel Mehwish Sarfaraz Hafiz Waqas Ahmed Climate-Sensitive Diseases Public Health Preparedness Environmental Change Epidemiological Modeling Health Systems Resilience This study investigates the readiness of public health systems to address CSDs in the context of accelerating environmental change. Specifically, it evaluates current preparedness strategies, identifies regional and systemic vulnerabilities, and assesses the statistical relationships between climatic variables and disease incidence. The central hypothesis is that climate-sensitive diseases are not only rising in incidence but are also geographically shifting due to changing environmental patterns, and current public health strategies are insufficiently adaptive or anticipatory. Using a mixed-methods approach with a primary emphasis on quantitative analysis, this study employs statistical modeling to examine longitudinal health and climate data across diverse geographic regions. Humanity Publications MPhil Public Health, Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. MPhil Public Health, Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Registrar, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climatesensitive-diseases-public-health-preparedness-in-the-face-of-environmental-change https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Climate Change and Water Security in Pakistan: Policy Gaps and Strategic Responses Muhammad Shoaib Malik Umbreen Akhtar Umair Arshad Climate Change Water Security Pakistan Policy Gaps Strategic Responses Water Management Resilience As Pakistan is heavily reliant on water for agriculture, energy production, and economic stability, climate change is now one of the most critical threats to water security. With aggravating global warming, Pakistan's uncertain and already fragile waters are under a threat from the variability of rainfall and an increase in temperatures, and glaciers receding. This paper analyzes the synergy of climate change and water security in Pakistan, the policy gaps, and strategic responses to minimize the ramifications of the reduced availability of water. The study points out the essentials for overhauling water governance, including reviewing existing practices of water management and the relevant policies. This paper advocates for strong frameworks to improve water security and boost the country's resilience to climate uncertainties. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Graduate, Department of Educational Sciences, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climate-change-and-water-security-in-pakistan-policy-gaps-and-strategic-responses https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Towards Greener Commutes: Urban Green Spaces in Lahore’s Transportation Corridors Samirah Pervaiz Fariha Tariq Amjad Ali Sustainable Development Goals Green Spaces Mobility Public Participation The integration of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) into transportation infrastructure is gaining attention as a pathway to sustainable urban development. This study investigates the potential of embedding UGS within Lahore’s transportation corridors to improve environmental quality, public health, and urban livability. Despite rapid urbanization and challenges like air pollution and rising temperatures, green infrastructure remains under-prioritized in the city’s transport planning. Using a qualitative approach combining literature review, policy analysis, and field assessments this research examines existing practices and identifies opportunities for UGS integration, aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It highlights benefits such as improved air quality, noise reduction, and psychological well-being, while also addressing barriers like limited space, fragmented governance, and maintenance issues. Findings reveal a disconnect between infrastructure development and ecological planning in Lahore. It contributes to the discourse on sustainable mobility, offering insights for cities in the Global South facing similar urban and environmental challenges. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of City and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/towards-greener-commutes-urban-green-spaces-in-lahores-transportation-corridors https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Intersectional Challenges and Support Systems: Understanding Marginalized Student’s Experiences in Public Sector Universities in Islamabad, Pakistan Iqra Ajmal Marginalized Student Groups Campus Environment Public Sector University Federal Capital of Pakistan Qualitative Approach In the current world, the experiences within campus environments play a pivotal role in shaping the learner’s cognitive and developmental experiences.  Much research is already being conducted regarding the challenges faced by students in public universities, such as academic difficulties, mental health issues, and campus safety concerns; however, it does not delve into how these challenges manifest differently for various marginalized groups, including those from rural areas, minority ethnicities, and low-income backgrounds. This research proposal aims to investigate the experiences of marginalized student groups within the campus environment of a public sector university located in the Federal Capital of Pakistan. The research, thereby using a qualitative method in which interviews will analyze the experiences faced by marginalized students in depth using Interactional Narrative Analysis. By synthesizing findings, the research will offer actionable recommendations for policy, practice, and future research aimed at fostering inclusivity, equity, and student success within the public sector university. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of English Language and Literature, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/intersectional-challenges-and-support-systems-understanding-marginalized-students-experiences-in-public-sector-universities-in-islamabad-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Harmonizing Environmental Protection: An In-depth Analysis of the Intersection Between Environmental Law and EU Law in Preserving Biodiversity and Ecosystems Zeeshan Naseer Hamna Khan Zahoor Rahman Environmental Law EU Law Biodiversity Legal Harmonization Ecosystem Protection International efforts to protect biodiversity and ecosystems in the EU mainly center on the link between European Union (EU) law and environmental law. This study looks into the continued challenge of rules that differ among countries, which may affect the proper implementation of conservation policies in the EU. Even though environmental protection is covered by both the EU and its member states, matching rules sometimes make it difficult to know who should take action. This research aims to look at how environmental laws are incorporated in the laws of the EU, focusing especially on steps for harmonization to increase environmental protection. It looks at how EU directives, including the Habitats and Birds Directives, relate to the main goals in environmental policy. Based on a qualitative analysis, the research focuses on closely reading EU treaties, implementing guidelines, and case law, as well as comparing the results in several member countries. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Govt MAO Graduate College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Scholar Master's Program, Law of International Trade and Dispute Resolution, Faculty of Law, Higher School of Economics, Moscow campus, Moscow, Russia. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/harmonizing-environmental-protection-an-indepth-analysis-of-the-intersection-between-environmental-law-and-eu-law-in-preserving-biodiversity-and-ecosystems https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Consequences of Changing Weather Patterns on Barley and Maize Production: A Case Study of Rawat District, Rawalpindi Mahnoor Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Weather Pattern Food Security Crop Production Extreme Weather Climate Change This study examines the impact of weather change patterns on maize and barley and maize farming in Rawat, District Rawalpindi. Farmers are facing significant issues due to rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and an increase in extreme weather events. Farmers' income has been low because of changing weather patterns, which include high pest problems, low crop production, and high yield costs. The exploratory research method is used in this research. The results show that farmers need fast and proper support. Farmers can deal with problems easily if they have proper farming techniques, regular weather updates, and the help of government experts. These steps are important to keep crops developing well and protect the farmers' daily life in the area like Rawat. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor/Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/consequences-of-changing-weather-patterns-on-barley-and-maize-production-a-case-study-of-rawat-district-rawalpindi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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The Racial and Gender Discrimination in Contemporary Afro-American Novel: A Study of Morrison’s Song of Solomon (1977) Sonia Gul Fariha Tariq Racial and Gender Discrimination Contemporary African American Feminist Literary Theory Cultural Dynamics Thematic Analysis This study focuses on racial and gender discrimination in the contemporary African American world, analyzed through Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon (1977). A feminist theoretical framework has been applied to examine the selected text. The primary aim of this research is to explore the impact of black and white cultural dynamics on African American women in modern society. The study further investigates key issues such as physical violence, the challenges posed by a Eurocentric society, the racial and gender divide faced by black women, the struggle against black male hegemony, the emergence of black female desire, and generational conflicts. Through a thematic analysis, the research critically examines Morrison’s narrative for its realistic portrayal of the lived experiences of black women, shedding light on the complex interplay of race, gender, and power in African American communities. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-racial-and-gender-discrimination-in-contemporary-afroamerican-novel-a-study-of-morrisons-song-of-solomon-1977 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Climate Change Effect on Sugarcane and Rice Productivity: A case Study in Gujrat Huma Sajid Abid Gafoor Chaudhry Interrupt Productivity Growth Challenges Extreme Weather Events Farmer Livelihoods Consequences Implementations &amp; Sustainable Production This study examines that how climate change interrupt the production of sugarcane and rice especially in Gujrat, Punjab. Climate changes affect crop productivity, growth, and water availability and farmer livelihoods. It has serious threats on crop growth. Climate change affects the availability of water management resources. The study focuses on the challenges that have threats on the productivity of crops and traditional practices in Gujrat. It also focuses on the sustainable farming techniques and advance technology. This study emphasizes the consequences of climate change on two major crops rice and sugarcane. This study highlight how climate change affects the productivity of crops like sugarcane and rice in the region Gujrat and identify the implementation to ensure the sustainable production of particular region. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate professor/Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climate-change-effect-on-sugarcane-and-rice-productivity-a-case-study-in-gujrat https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-II).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Evaluating the Influence of Credit Risk on Islamic Bank Performance: The Moderating Effect of Sharia Governance Mechanisms Noor Fatima Zargham Ullah Khan Muhammad Idrees Credit Risk Non-Performing Loans Return on Assets Shariah Board Size Shariah Board Meetings Bank Size The research investigates how credit risk affects Islamic bank profitability in Pakistan while studying the influence of Sharia governance. Islamic banks manage credit risk differently from traditional banks because they follow Shariah principles that base their operations on profit-and-loss sharing while banning riba interest transactions. This research analyzes NPL effects on bank profitability (ROA) by studying five full-fledged Islamic banks from 2014 to 2023 using Multiple regression analysis. The study demonstrates that Sharia governance through Sharia Board Size and frequency of Sharia Board Meetings functions as a key moderator that enhances the link between credit risk and profitability. Such institutions demonstrate better financial performance because their solid governance systems help them convert their risk exposures into prosperity. Research findings demonstrate that larger bank institutions generate lower profitability because they encounter operational inefficiencies and scale-related operational challenges. Humanity Publications MBA, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/evaluating-the-influence-of-credit-risk-on-islamic-bank-performance-the-moderating-effect-of-sharia-governance-mechanisms https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Adopting Agricultural Practices to Address Climatic Variability: A Case Study of Qutbal, District Rawalpindi Ayesha Ishfaq Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Climate Change Adaptive Farming Climate-Smart Agriculture Smallholder Farmers Agricultural Resilience Drought-Resistant Crops Sustainable Agriculture This paper will try to study the effects of climate change on agricultural practices in Qutbal, Rawalpindi, a rural region of Pakistan dependent on rainfall for cultivation. Erratic rainfall and rising temperatures, along with extreme events, have disrupted traditional farming practices and put smallholder farmers at risk. The study took a qualitative exploratory approach, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 30 local farmers about their experiences, perceptions, and adaptive responses. Findings show that to some extent, there is diversity in the undertaking of new methods by farmers; however, most receive little institutional support and therefore face challenges in training resources and government assistance. This study underlines the immediate necessity for policy actions, better extension services, and focused aid to build resilience and promote sustainable agriculture in climate-sensitive areas. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agricultural University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate professor Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agricultural University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/adopting-agricultural-practices-to-address-climatic-variability-a-case-study-of-qutbal-district-rawalpindi https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Factors Associated with Subjects' Selection Among Secondary School Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Alam Zeb Arshad Ali Mian Said Hussain Factors Associated Subjects’ Selection Secondary School Students Subjects' selection for secondary school students is an important activity. This study investigated factors associated with subjects' selection of secondary level students. Objectives of the study were: finding out factors associated with subjects' selection of secondary school students and developing recommendations for appropriate subjects' selection. The design of the study was quantitative. The population was 30439 students. A sample of 380 was made through a simple random procedure.  A questionnaire was developed as a tool for collecting data. The tool was self-used for data collection, and the data were analyzed with mean scores and a test of chi-square. The factors associated with students' subject selection were found to be parents, guardians, teachers, and siblings. Students' personal characteristics and outcomes of careers were also associated with the selection of subjects. Career guidance facilities for subject selection were recommended. Further orientation seminars were needed at the beginning of new sessions to assist students in subject selection. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Center for Education and Staff Training, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan. Professor, Institute of Education & Research, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil Scholar, Center for Education and Staff Training, University of Swat, Charbagh, KP, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/factors-associated-with-subjects-selection-among-secondary-school-students-in-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Effects of Parents' Socialization Using Languages Other Than Their Indigenous Language: A Case Study of the Saraiki Language Shift Sana Mahmood Ejaz Mirza Multilingual Indigenous Languages Saraiki Language Contact Languages Language Shift Ethnolinguistic Identity Language Preferences Motivational Factors In Pakistan, most of the population is multilingual owing to their ethnolinguistic identities.  However, Urdu and English are used as contact languages and considered more prestigious than indigenous languages. The present study focuses on the Saraiki language shift due to the parents' inclination to use Urdu and English while socializing with their children. The present study used a purposive sampling technique to select ten parents with Saraiki ethnolinguistic identity from Multan city. Following the mixed-method approach, the data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis was attempted in the light of the 'taxonomic model' by Karan (2008), to identify the motivational factors involved in the Saraiki language shift. The findings exhibit that the parents do not use Saraiki language while communicating with their children. The study recommends sensitizing the parents by organizing various linguistic literacy programmes to reverse the process of the Saraiki language shift. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-effects-of-parents-socialization-using-languages-other-than-their-indigenous-language-a-case-study-of-the-saraiki-language-shift https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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From Grades to Greatness: The Role of Belief and Self-Efficacy in Shaping Entrepreneurial Behavior of Intermediate Students Samman Fatima Aamar Ilyas Hafiz Ahmad Ashraf Student Grade (SG) Belief (B) SE (SE) Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) Entrepreneurial Behavior (EB) In this study, the researcher examines how student grades influence the entrepreneurial behavior of intermediate students, belief, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention form mediating variables. A sample size of 400 respondents chosen by convenience sampling. The importance of each of the variables can be viewed with reference to employability: entrepreneurial education is perceived as a means that builds important or necessary competences, like thinking critically and being able to see opportunities. The mediators are hypothesized to enhance the relationship between academic performance and entrepreneurial behavior by serving as a booster that converts learning experiences and facilitating income to action-oriented directions. The study supports all direct and indirect hypotheses showing that the effect of belief, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention can be seen as rather important to increase the predictive force of academical achievements on entrepreneurial success. Humanity Publications Undergraduate, Department of Business Administration, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-grades-to-greatness-the-role-of-belief-and-selfefficacy-in-shaping-entrepreneurial-behavior-of-intermediate-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Cyberbullying and Hate Speech in Social Media Memes Against Women: A Multi-Modal Analysis Muhammad Zulqarnain Ayesha Sajjad Farwa Noor Cyberbullying Hate-speech Forensic Linguistics Forensic Psychology Misogyny Insensitive Language Negative Stereotyping Deriding Visuals Social media memes play a pivotal role in propagating discourses and, in turn, influencing the thought-construction of the public. Many users are involved in cyberbullying and hate speech, particularly by using insensitive language and negative stereotyping in social media memes against women. This study analyzed the misogynistic modes used in memes to understand their social and psychological influence on the audience. This study integrates forensic linguistics and forensic psychology to analyze the data that comprises three memes selected from social media platforms. The textual and visual elements of memes are analyzed to reveal the underlying meanings and intentions against women, which lead to the objectification of women and stir up psychologically harmful misogynistic mindsets among the viewers. This study finds that memes are being utilized as powerful tools to spread misogyny via hate speech and deriding visuals under the mask of entertainment. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Mirpur, AJ&K Campus, Pakistan. BS Student, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Mirpur, AJ&K Campus, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Mirpur, AJ&K Campus, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cyberbullying-and-hate-speech-in-social-media-memes-against-women-a-multimodal-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Decoding English and Urdu Syntactic Structures: A Minimalist Account of Voice Alternation Sadia Choudhri Active/Passive Sentences Internal Argument/External Argument Minimalist Program Promotion/Demotion of Subject Urdu and English The transition from active to passive voice structure is an integral syntactic behaviour in organic languages. The present study explores the syntactic structure of active/passive sentences in English and Urdu, addressing argument structure, case assignment, and the execution of functional projections like VoiceP using Chomsky's Minimalist program(1995) as the theoretical framework. The findings suggest that English passives display the explicit promotion of the internal argument, which is the object-to-subject slot, suppression of the external argument, and the agent(subject) to an adjunct place, generated under the Voice head Phrase. In comparison, Urdu passives contain no overt subject demotion, rather maintaining the designated accusative objects in positions identical to the ones in active sentences. The absence of a by-phrase and the lack of an inert pro subject show that Urdu passives do not represent true passives; rather, they are classified as "active impersonals"(Blevins, 2003), which highlights the implications of their split-ergative orientation. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of English, HITEC University, Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/decoding-english-and-urdu-syntactic-structures-a-minimalist-account-of-voice-alternation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Positive Discourse Analysis of Media Narratives on Artificial Intelligence Warda Fareed Nasir Muhammad Muattar Hayat Artificial Intelligence Media Framing Positive Discourse Analysis Framing Theory Positive Narratives Media Discourse Societal Perception The framing of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in media discourses affects society's perceptions of AI and its adoption. This research explores the positive narratives of Artificial Intelligence through the lens of framing theory and Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA). This research draws on 15 newspaper articles published on platforms including The News, The Week, and BBC to identify the linguistic and discursive strategies employed to present AI in a positive light. By combining theoretical insights from framing theory and PDA, the study illustrates how media narratives help in creating empowering and inclusive representations of AI. The findings offer important lessons for academics, policymakers, and people in the media and underscore the value of constructive media discourse in determining how society views potential future technologies. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/positive-discourse-analysis-of-media-narratives-on-artificial-intelligence https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Critical Discourse Analysis of US President Donald Trump's Speech in the UN General Assembly 2018 Maryam Fatima Al Hussaini Naima Noreen Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA); Ideological Square Framework (Van Dijk); Rhetoric in Politics Donald J. Trump; Self-Representation (Positive); Other-Representation (Negative) This study conducts an analysis of Donald J. Trump’s 2018 speech at the United Nations General Assembly through the lens of Van Dijk’s (2005) Socio-Cognitive Model, with a particular emphasis on political and critical discourse analysis. It investigates the mechanisms by which Trump defends his positions and persuades his audience, notably through the use of hyperbole and numerical exaggerations to underscore his accomplishments. The research posits that political speech has a notable impact on influencing public ideology. The linguistic analysis reveals variations in Trump’s communication strategies, highlighting his use of boastful and exaggerated statements to promote his achievements. The study employs Van Dijk’s Ideological Square along with a socio-cognitive approach as its theoretical and analytical frameworks, focusing on four key strategies. The findings suggest that Trump prioritizes exaggeration over logical argumentation and frequently engages in aggressive rhetoric against nations that challenge America’s superpower status. Humanity Publications MS English (Linguistics), Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. MS English (Linguistics), Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/critical-discourse-analysis-of-us-president-donald-trumps-speech-in-the-un-general-assembly-2018 https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Greenwashing in Corporate Climate Disclosures: A Machine Learning-Based Detection Approach Adeel Ahmad Sumaira Raza Romaila Greenwashing Climate Disclosures Machine Learning Corporate Sustainability Text Analysis Corporate climate disclosures have come to the fore of measuring environmental responsibility, but worries about greenwashing of exaggeration or parts of the environmental performance of exaggerating or overselling environmental performance remain. This paper fulfills this crucial gap in establishing the validity of such revelations by offering the machine learning method of identifying possible greenwashing. It is probable that the mixed-methods design has been used, where the textual analysis of the composed corporate sustainability reports and supervised learning algorithms trained on labeled examples of misleading statements are supplemented. Through the implementation of natural language processing and classification algorithms, the model will recognise patterns that are suggestive of a lack or even exaggeration of commitment with regard to climate pledges. The findings can be used to illustrate industry-related patterns and important language indications linked to greenwashing. Humanity Publications Masters in Data science, Department of Computer science, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia. Teacher (M.A. Political Science), Department of Elementary Education, Master Trainer Pedagogy, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/greenwashing-in-corporate-climate-disclosures-a-machine-learningbased-detection-approach https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Disputed Origins and Hybrid Blooms: Individuality, Confrontation, and Language Repossession in the Selected Postcolonial Poetry Saman Salah Khair-Un-Nisa Azeem Durdana Rafique Post-Colonial Poetry Subaltern Oppression Hybridity Postcolonial poetry transforms the legacies of empire into potent sites of resistance and identity formation. This paper argues that the poetry of Walcott, Bennett, Soyinka, Ramanujan, and Faiz employs distinct poetic strategies to expose colonial violence, psychological fragmentation, and cultural erasure while actively reclaiming agency through linguistic innovation and hybrid expression. Drawing on Homi Bhabha’s hybridity, Frantz Fanon’s decolonization theory, and Gayatri Spivak’s subaltern framework, the analysis reveals how these poets navigate postcolonial ambivalence. Walcott’s poems embody Fanonian alienation ("divided to the vein"), while Bennett’s poetry weaponizes Jamaican Creole to subvert linguistic hegemony, enacting Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s decolonization of the mind. Soyinka’s "Night" mirrors Fanon’s "pitfalls of national consciousness" through metaphors of predatory disillusionment. Ramanujan’s poem reclaims indigenous folklore to center female agency, countering Orientalist discourse. Faiz’s poetry repurposes the Urdu ghazal to prioritize collective struggle over personal love, voicing Spivak’s subaltern amid state oppression. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/disputed-origins-and-hybrid-blooms-individuality-confrontation-and-language-repossession-in-the-selected-postcolonial-poetry https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Influence of Community Park Design Characteristics on User Satisfaction and Park Utilization: Insights from KDA Family Park, Karachi, Pakistan Syed Irtaza Ali Hira Qureshi Asma Qayoom Community Parks Landscape Design Park Design Characteristics Park Utilization User Satisfaction Community parks provide essential ecological and social functions in rapidly urbanizing and densely populated cities such as Karachi. This study investigates the relationship between park design characteristics and user satisfaction and park utilization through an in-depth case analysis of KDA Family Park, a neighbourhood park in a high-density residential area of Karachi. A case study research approach was employed, integrating structured questionnaires and field observations to collect comprehensive data from park users and adjacent residents. Key design characteristics evaluated included green cover, amenities(seating, lighting, pathways),accessibility, safety, and maintenance. Findings indicate that while KDA Family Park provides essential green space and functions as a valuable social hub, various design and maintenance deficiencies, such as broken fencing, inadequate lighting, and insufficient seating, detract from its overall effectiveness. As a foundational study, it offers insights for urban planners and policymakers aiming to enhance neighbourhood park design in Karachi and similarly dense urban environments. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture and Planning, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Architecture and Environmental Design, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Architecture and Planning, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-influence-of-community-park-design-characteristics-on-user-satisfaction-and-park-utilization-insights-from-kda-family-park-karachi-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Comparative Study on Students’ Engagement cum Satisfaction in Flipped and Traditional ELT Classrooms at Higher Secondary Level Arooba Sohrab Khan Muhammad Abdullah Flipped Classrooms Traditional Classrooms Pedagogical Approaches At present, flipped, traditional and stem educational class setups are in vogue in Pakistan. Flipped classrooms are based on online pedagogical approaches whereas traditional setup is based on classical approach in which the students are physically present in the class for lectures. This study is meant to compare theses educational setups in terms of students’ engagement and satisfaction in ELT classrooms in particular. Flipped classroom is known as a student centered whereas traditional classroom a teacher centered approach. This is a mixed method research. A questionnaire was developed for each classroom setup to collect the quantitative data, and subsequently, SPSS was used to analyze the data. Statistical data was also analyzed qualitatively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were implemented to report the results. The students were found more comfortable with traditional classroom in terms of their engagement and satisfaction. Humanity Publications IELTS Instructor/Online Tutor, Department of English Language, Future Goal Online Campus, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-comparative-study-on-students-engagement-cum-satisfaction-in-flipped-and-traditional-elt-classrooms-at-higher-secondary-level https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Integrated Skill-Based Education Framework (ISEF): An Empirically Grounded Model for Reforming Skill-Based Education in Pakistan Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman Proposed Skill-Based Education Model Educational Reform TVET Policy Workforce Development Implementation of Skill-Based Education The future of Pakistan is reliant on the Shift of the Youth into a productive, skilled workforce. Unfortunately, in Public schools, the Skill-Based Education framework (SBE) has deeply systemic challenges. Quantitative and qualitative research with 384 students and 284 teachers highlights the disparity between policy and practice. It indicates the shortage of means, teacher readiness, and curriculum. To this, the researcher has designed the Integrated Skill-Based Education Framework (ISEF), which is particularly and elaborately designed for this context. Its four pillars are a foundational framework: policy and governance alignment, industry partnership and relevant curriculum construction, an implementation engine, teacher and infrastructure development with industry linkage, a student journey with active and hands-on learning, and a performance & impact loop with analytics and evaluation at the end. Active and engaged skill learning closes the gap on impactful, sustainable, and version change for Pakistan. ISEF serves as a primary approach in governance. Humanity Publications PhD, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-integrated-skillbased-education-framework-isef-an-empirically-grounded-model-for-reforming-skillbased-education-in-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Integrating Digital Transformation with Corporate Social Responsibility for Enhanced Digital Responsibility: Moderation and Mediation effects Khurram Ashfaq Nasir Abbas Tahreem Naaz Digital Transformation Mandatory Csr Policy Corporate Digital Responsibility Employee Competencies Proactive Assistance Relationship Building This study examines how digital transformation and mandatory CSR policies affect corporate digital responsibility and how employees' competencies moderate this relationship. Mandatory CSR mediates digital transformation and corporate digital responsibility. Bank managers data were analyzed using PLS-SEM to test the moderating and mediation effects. Digital transformation operates through organizational changes, guided by mandatory CSR policies. Corporate digital responsibility ensures clarity in digital practice, whereas employees' competencies enable responsible implementation. Digital transformation positively influences mandatory CSR policies and mediates corporate digital responsibility growth, with employees' competencies as moderators. Based on the Natural Resource-Based View, this research demonstrates how digital absorption, regulatory CSR, and employee expertise develop sustainable corporate actions. The study's originality lies in examining the moderating effects of employees' competencies between digital transformation and Mandatory CSR policy and mediating effects between transformation and corporate digital obligation. The NRBV principle enhances traditional resource-based view by linking environmental sustainability with business policy. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, College of Commerce Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Commerce Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, College of Commerce Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/integrating-digital-transformation-with-corporate-social-responsibility-for-enhanced-digital-responsibility-moderation-and-mediation-effects https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Investigating the Impact of Translanguaging on English Proficiency: A Study of Saraiki English Language Learners Muhammad Umar Razaq Shahzeb Khan Translanguaging English Proficiency Saraiki Learners Second Language Acquisition (SLA) Multilingual Pedagogy The research is a quantitative study that investigates the effectiveness of translanguaging on proficiency in English language by the undergraduate students who speak Saraiki language in Pakistan. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design to sample 198 participants to provide self-reported measures of translanguaging frequency using a well-validated scale and conduct a series of measures of English proficiency. The results indicated a small but statistically significant and positive relationship between both variables, translanguaging frequency and proficiency in English. Demographical factors such as gender and urban-rural residency showed no significant moderating effect, suggesting that translanguaging benefits are consistent across learner groups. The study further presents the pedagogical significance of the incorporation of translanguaging in the teaching of English to students with multilingual backgrounds, which preaches that, the teaching process should make use of all the linguistic paradigms to assist the students in learning the second language. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English Linguistics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/investigating-the-impact-of-translanguaging-on-english-proficiency-a-study-of-saraiki-english-language-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Enhancing Student Intelligence and Memory through Metacognitive Strategies: Insights from Classroom Practices in Secondary Education of South Punjab Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Nosheen Malik Metacognition Memorization Intelligence Secondary Education South Punjab Classroom Practices This study investigates the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between memorization and intelligence among students of secondary schools in South Punjab, Pakistan. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 393 students selected through stratified random sampling. A structured 50-item questionnaire measured metacognitive knowledge, regulation, memorization strategies, and intelligence. Reliability and validity were ensured through confirmatory factor analysis, while SPSS v.25 and SmartPLS v.4.0 were employed for analysis. Results revealed that metacognition was positively associated with both memorization and intelligence, and significantly mediated their relationship. Male students outperformed females in metacognitive knowledge and intelligence, though memorization showed no significant gender differences. The findings suggest that memorization provides the foundation of knowledge, but metacognitive regulation transforms it into meaningful application. The study recommends integrating metacognitive training into teaching and curricula to enhance reflective learning and foster higher-order thinking among secondary school learners. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/enhancing-student-intelligence-and-memory-through-metacognitive-strategies-insights-from-classroom-practices-in-secondary-education-of-south-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Islamic Approach of Good Governance in the Contemporary Age: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and Malaysia's Political Systems Umbreen Akhtar Sara Gurchani Nadeem Tariq Islamic Governance; Shura; Maqasid Al-Sharia; Accountability; Legal Pluralism; Pakistan; Malaysia This article explores the institutionalization of the Islamic governance principles of adl (justice), shufra (consultation), muhasbah (accountability), maqasid (public interest), and stewardship in Pakistan and Malaysia. A corpus of 2000 current documentary resources was compiled. The analysis reveals two different pathways. Malaysia has placed more stress on procedural formalism: compulsory consultations with published minutes and response to comments, earlier audits with more prominent follow-through, and ex-post facto reasoning (which invariably indicates constitutional preeminence) to cope with civil Sharīah overlaps. Pakistan more frequently mobilizes adl and public interest through adjudication and public-interest litigation, which produces salient precedents and access via legal-aid references, but with less routinization of consultative and stewardship protections in social and family-law arenas. Our suggested reforms include standardized consultation windows and reason-giving, cross-system standing reference procedures, maqasid-congruent public scorecards in priority sectors, and a new module we call neo-Sufi accountability. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Language, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/islamic-approach-of-good-governance-in-the-contemporary-age-a-comparative-study-of-pakistan-and-malaysias-political-systems https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).18 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Climate Change and Wheat Rust Diseases: A Case Study of Kallar Syedan Rahat Batool Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry Climate Change Wheat Rust Wheat Production This study, “Climate Change and Wheat Rust Diseases: A study in Kallar Syedan, District Rawalpindi,” aims to look at farmers’ perceptions of climate change and wheat rust diseases on crop productivity. Qualitative methods were used in this research, based on data gathered through interview guides. The methodology involves an in-depth study of farmers' experiences and observations in Choa Khalsa, a village of Kallar Syedan, to understand the observed changes by farmers in temperature, rainfall, and wind patterns and their outcomes on wheat rust diseases and crop productivity. This method allows a detailed understanding of the farmers’ views on the challenges faced by climate change, the changes in wheat rust diseases, and the effects on crop productivity. Humanity Publications Graduate, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor /Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climate-change-and-wheat-rust-diseases-a-case-study-of-kallar-syedan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).19 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Assessing the Impact of Energy Efficiency and Natural Resource Rents on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Major Carbon Emitting Countries Muhammad Haroon Hidayat Ullah Khan Atif Hussain Energy Efficiency Natural Resources Rents Carbon Emissions Major Carbon Emitting Countries The preservation of natural resources, ecosystem balance, and long term economic growth, are essential for environmental sustainability, and well-being for future generations. This study attempts to investigate the factors responsible for carbon dioxide emissions, in ten major carbon emitting countries. Using panel data from 1990–2021, the study applies co-integration, slope homogeneity, and cross-section dependency tests. Results reveal a long-run relationship between CO₂ emissions, energy efficiency, and resource rents. Energy efficiency and renewable energy consumption significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, whereas natural resource rents, urbanization, and economic growth increase emissions, reflecting environmental trade-offs. Moreover, Granger causality analysis shows the results are robust and confirms a bidirectional causal relationships between CO_2-emissions and economic growth, renewable energy, and energy efficiency, while unidirectional linkage between natural resource rents and urbanization. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. Undergraduate Student, Department of Economics, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/assessing-the-impact-of-energy-efficiency-and-natural-resource-rents-on-carbon-emissions-evidence-from-major-carbon-emitting-countries https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).20 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Role of Generative AI in Shaping Media Narratives Robina Saeed Saadia Qamar Maryam Hashmi Generative Ai; Media Narratives; Framing; Source Diversity; Audience Trust; Algorithmic Gatekeeping; Provenance Generative AI is becoming more and more involved in newsrooms, and the implications of it on framing, sourcing, and trust are under-researched. The paper is a combination of content analysis (politics, health, technology), randomized experiment (n=800), and semi-structured interviews with reporters. The findings indicated that AI-mediated articles were more understandable and coherent but lacked diversity in the sources and were more based on official voices. AI-only stories were otherwise penalized in terms of trust, and AI+editor stories minimized this difference. Interviews highlighted the positive aspects of AI as a speedy and innovative tool, but also mentioned prejudice, illusions, and disclosure expenses. The paper recommends the use of AI alongside editorial values, disclosure, and source variability as a way of ensuring trust. The policy suggestions are to enhance the quality of provenance and to promote diversity of documented sources in AI-assisted journalism. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil, School of Media and Communication Studies, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-generative-ai-in-shaping-media-narratives https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).21 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Impact of Generative AI on Journalistic Credibility and Trust Amrat Haq Generative AI; Journalism; Credibility; Audience Trust; Disclosure Transparency; Human-In-The-Loop; Algorithm Aversion; AI Literacy; Brand Trust Generative AI is potentially efficient in the newsrooms, but raises concerns about the issue of credibility and trust. We evaluate its effect and the results of 600 articles each with a stratified content analysis of each production mode (human/AI-assisted/AI-generated) and with disclosure (none/minimal/rich) (1) to determine its effect on accuracy, sourcing, and correction latency; (2) a preregistered 3 × 3 experiment manipulating production mode and disclosure (none/minimal/rich) to determine its effect on perceived article credibility and brand trust. Higher error and hallucination rates and fewer named sources, and slower corrections of AI-generated items are demonstrated by content analysis. Minimal AI labels diminish credibility and trust experimentally, but rich, process-level disclosure, naming, editorial verification, and sources mitigate penalties of work assisted by AI. We give policy and legitimacy implications to the newsroom. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communications, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-journalistic-credibility-and-trust https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).22 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Embracing True Self, Alienation, and Freedom: An Existential Analysis of Adrienne Rich's "Diving into the Wreck" Sawaira Hakim Yousra Urooj Warda Fareed Existentialism Wreck Diving Text Analysis Freedom Sense of Isolation Finding Purpose Life and Self-Discovery Adrienne Rich's poem "Diving into the Wreck" displays a symbolic journey towards self-discovery, identity, and history. The poem is usually interpreted through the feminist or poststructuralist approaches, nevertheless, this study claims that the poem's existential aspects have not been taken into consideration. By the application of Sartrean concepts of freedom, alienation, and the search for meaning to the text, the critical gap will be filled by this research. A qualitative methodology based on the textual analysis of language, form, and imagery is used, and the analysis sees the dive as an intense journey of self-discovery. The narrator’s striving to investigate the wreck corresponds with Sartre’s dictum that “existence precedes essence” and manifests the need to create one's own meaning in a neutral universe. This research further supports the scholarly readings of Rich's works by bringing to the fore its existential aspect. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/embracing-true-self-alienation-and-freedom-an-existential-analysis-of-adrienne-richs-diving-into-the-wreck https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).23 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Tracing the Unnameable: Gogol’s Quest for the Real Self in The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri Saira Rauf Shahid Imtiaz Sumaira Rauf Identity Imaginary Real Self Symbolic This paper examines Gogol’s identity formation in The Namesake through Lacan’s three registers: the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real. In the Imaginary, his fragmented self oscillates between the Russian writer’s name and his adopted American identity, revealing a fractured self-shaped by external validation. Within the Symbolic, his dual names “Gogol” and “Nikhil” represent competing cultural codes that generate linguistic and psychic conflict. Encounters with the Real, through his father’s death and marital breakdown, expose the limits of language and identity, confronting him with what resists representation. His shifting relation to names and desire underscores an ongoing search for coherence that remains unattainable. Integrating Lacanian theory with textual analysis, the paper argues that Gogol’s struggle transcends cultural adaptation; it is an ontological pursuit of selfhood marked by loss, longing, and the impossibility of closure. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Riphah Institute of Language and Literature (RILL), Riphah International University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Riphah Institute of Language and Literature (RILL), Riphah International University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Punjab Group of Colleges, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/tracing-the-unnameable-gogols-quest-for-the-real-self-in-the-namesake-by-jhumpa-lahiri https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).24 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Strategy of China toward South Asia: A Case Study of Pakistan In the Post 9/11 Era Muhammad Farhad Mohammad Ayaz CPEC Economic Geo-strategic South Asia Terrorism War September 11, 2001, brought phenomenal changes in international relations by dramatically changing the regional as well as global dynamics of politics and economics. Pakistan, being a close ally of the US in the war against terrorism, had suffered great loss in terms of financial setback to its economy as well as loss of human lives. The devastating impacts of fighting the war against terrorism had posed serious security threats for Pakistan but however, at the same time, it came close to China in the rapidly changing geopolitical and economic changes in the post-9/11 era. The strategic partnership with China increased exponentially in many fields of cooperation, especially in the shape of CPEC after 2013, which is considered a game-changer for both friendly neighbors of South Asia. The economic and military cooperation between the two countries witnessed high collaboration in various fields. Humanity Publications Research scholar at the Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KUST, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. In-Charge Chairperson/Lecturer in Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KUST, Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-strategy-of-china-toward-south-asia-a-case-study-of-pakistan-in-the-post-911-era https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).25 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Need for Strategic Communication: Towards an Unrealized Potential and the Grievances of Baluchistan Juliyana Usman Wachani Noureen Bibi Usman Wachani Baluchistan Pakistan Anger Baluch Natives Federal Govt Grievances Pakistan Strategic Importance Trust Building Trade Route This research study aims to draw attention to the most strategically significant province of Pakistan that has been neglected for decades by different governments of different eras in Pakistan. The nature of this study is qualitative, and the data have been collected by secondary sources such as research papers, newspapers, and websites. The tribes’ chives and the Baluch are abided by their old traditions and customs, but Pakistan’s attitude towards Baluchistan is the same as that of Baluchistan being subjugated by Pakistan. Baluchis merely want Pakistan to use the natural resources of Baluchistan not as a subjugated property, but the resources should be used considering Baluchistan as a federal unit. In the exchange of utilization of these resources, Pakistan has to work for the betterment and prosperity of Baluchistan, respect for the people of Baluchistan, and the Baluch leadership. Pakistan needs to correct its past mistakes and exert all efforts to win the confidence of the people of Baluchistan. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Raunaq-e-Islam Govt College for Women, Kharadar, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Women's University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Political Analyst, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-need-for-strategic-communication-towards-an-unrealized-potential-and-the-grievances-of-baluchistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).26 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Doctrine of Latent Copyrights: Protecting Generative AI Models through Representational Layers Ali Nawaz Khan Bakht Munir Ahmed Raza Latent Copyright Generative AI Intellectual Property Trade Secrets Computational Creativity Generative artificial intelligence systems not only produce expressive outputs, but also provide rich latent spaces, i.e., mathematical objects that express the semantic relation among the training data. These unique representational strata represent creative associations and redefine the traditional limits of copyright law. The article introduces the concept of Latent Copyrights, which proposes the provision of copyright protection to intermediate representations of the products generated by AI. It examines the use of computational creativity for the purpose of copyright protection. Engaging in a comparative analysis of the copyright regimes of the U.S., U.K., and E.U., this study suggests a relative system to ensure the protection of innovation, interoperability, and responsibility. The aim is to streamline the Latent Copyright theory of intellectual property with the technicalities of machine learning by offering a paradigm that conceptualizes representational layers of an AI-generated product as a medium of Copyright. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, University Law College, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Postdoctoral Fellow, The University of Kansas School of Law, USA. LLM Scholar, Pennsylvania State University, USA. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-doctrine-of-latent-copyrights-protecting-generative-ai-models-through-representational-layers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).27 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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The Therapeutic Alliance in AI-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Clinical Evaluation of Human-AI Interaction in Mental Health Care Afshan Tabasum Human-computer Interaction Psychotherapy Hybrid Paradigm AI is now a new trend in mental health care, with chatbots, digital therapists, and clinical decision-support systems. However, the impact it has on therapeutic alliance, or the process of a mutual and emotional connection between a client and therapist, is not well comprehended. This paper examines the effect of AI-assisted psychotherapy on the formation of alliance and clinical outcomes. Basing its findings on the attachment theory and relational psychoanalysis, as well as the human-computer interaction systems, the study examines how AI facilitates or disrupts the therapy. The scholar concludes that AI is most effectively used as an adjunctive device in a hybrid paradigm of care - human empathy, ethical awareness, and emotional responsiveness are the pillars of successful psychotherapy that cannot be substituted with AI. Humanity Publications Independent Scholar, LADO Institute, Vienna, VA 22182, United States. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-therapeutic-alliance-in-aiassisted-psychotherapy-a-clinical-evaluation-of-humanai-interaction-in-mental-health-care https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).28 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Domestic AI Governance, U.S. National Security and International Impacts Muhammad Abbas Ashraf Artificial Intelligence AI Governance U.S. National Security Policy Framework Technological Leadership Global Stability International Relations This paper examines the evolving framework of domestic Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance in the United States and its implications for national security and global stability. As AI technologies advance rapidly, the U.S. faces increasing pressure to balance innovation, ethical regulation, and security imperatives. The study explores key policy mechanisms, institutional responses, and strategic initiatives shaping AI governance, including federal oversight, private-sector collaboration, and defense applications. It also assesses how domestic governance decisions influence international norms, competition, and cooperation in AI development. Through a multidisciplinary analysis combining policy review and security studies, the paper highlights the dual challenge of maintaining U.S. technological leadership while mitigating geopolitical risks and ethical concerns. The findings underscore the need for a coherent AI governance strategy that safeguards national interests, promotes responsible innovation, and supports a stable international AI order. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Business Analytics, Trine University, USA (United States of America). 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/domestic-ai-governance-us-national-security-and-international-impacts https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).29 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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Religiosity, Socioeconomic Inequality, and Health Behavior among Pakistani University Students: A Sociological Analysis Saman Naseer Shahzad Khaver Mushtaq Religiosity; Health behavior; Socioeconomic inequality; University students; Pakistan. This paper analyzes the sociological connection between religiosity, socioeconomic disparity, and health behaviors among Pakistani university students based on the sociological framework. The multistage stratified random sampling was used to obtain 384 students at the University of Sargodha to complete a quantitative cross-sectional survey. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between religiosity and health behaviors. Family income and perceived social status were also found to be important predictors and there was no statistically significant influence of age and education level.  The paper will be a contribution to sociology of health because it will reveal the combined effects of culturally embedded religious norms and structural inequalities on health behavior among young adults in Pakistan and it will have a significant implication on culturally sensitive health promotion interventions and equity-based health promotion in higher education institutions. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-09-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/religiosity-socioeconomic-inequality-and-health-behavior-among-pakistani-university-students-a-sociological-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-III).30 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 3 Pakistan

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A Study of Islamic Thought in the Perspective of the Islamic Concept of Tawhid: A Linguistic Orientation Muhammad Abdullah Marrium Sayyed Atia Anwar Zoon Islamic Thought Linguistic Orientation Perspective Tawhid The role of language cannot be ignored in any sphere of human life. It is language itself which makes certain ideas, thoughts and concepts absolute and universal. The concept of Tawhid is unique, absolute, fundamental and highly significant in Islam. It works in the Islamic faith as a spirit in human body. The study highlights the deep influence of highly esteemed Islamic concept of Tawhid on the growth of Islamic thought through Islamic conceptualization, and review the intellectual underpinnings in the linguistic perspective. The concept of Tawhid undoubtedly refers to the absolute oneness of Allah Almighty. It plays a vital role in multiple dimensions of human life and helps formulating the theological, philosophical and intellectual worldview within the boundaries of Islamic culture, values and traditions. The study explores multiple dimensions of Islamic thought, highlighting different ways through which Tawhidic dimensions of Islamic belief system govern the behavior of a Muslim. Humanity Publications Associate Professor & HoD, Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer of English (VF), Department of English Linguistics and Literature, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor & HoD, Department of English, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology (FUUAST), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/a-study-of-islamic-thought-in-the-perspective-of-the-islamic-concept-of-tawhid-a-linguistic-orientation https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Customer Experience Drivers and Behavioral Responses in Pakistan’s Retail Sector: An Empirical Assessment of Engagement, Technology, and Channel Integration Ghulam Haider Liaqut Ali Mehtab Babar Technology Driven Technology Acceptance Model Behavior Supermarket industry in Pakistan is growing at a fast pace, technology-driven retail experiences regarding customer reactions in emerging-market contexts is not verified. This research examines effects of technological improvement on behavioral outcomes. Based on technology acceptance model and stimulus organism response viewpoint, study uses a cross-sectional survey of 226 customers in Pakistan supermarkets. PLS-SEM was used to evaluate data. Findings showed significant mediating role of experiential factors mediated by satisfaction on behavioral outcomes. Direct influences indicate that channel integration leads to willingness to pay and technological advancement and engagement/interactivity lead to loyalty.  Work contributes to existing body of knowledge in digital retail by providing a practical suggestion on how supermarkets can enhance advocacy and value perception by designing experience with interactive and integrated experience. Humanity Publications Associate Professor, Department of Higher Education, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Business Administration, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/customer-experience-drivers-and-behavioral-responses-in-pakistans-retail-sector-an-empirical-assessment-of-engagement-technology-and-channel-integration https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Content Themes in PEMRA Complaints: A Cognitive Dissonance Perspective Fatima Khalid Muhammad Sabhi Ul Hussain Warsi Sarmad Iqbal PEMRA Complaints Cognitive Dissonance Sociocultural Themes Media Ethics Vulgarity in Media Content Pakistan has one of the most active media landscapes in South Asia, but not everyone feels comfortable consuming it; therefore resort to complaining about its content. The study examines the PEMRA complaints through the theoretical lens of cognitive dissonance theory. It’s based on a quantitative content analysis, founded on a descriptive study method. It aims to explore the dominant themes in Pakistani media that cause dissonance among the audiences. The study analyses the annual complaints data for the year 2021 that are obtained through the official platform of the media regulatory body, which is the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). Quantitative content analysis was used to analyze the dominant themes in the complaints using a manual coding instrument. The results of this study show that the Pakistani audience is most disturbed by the socio-cultural aspect, as they are disturbed the most by what they believe to be vulgar. Humanity Publications MS scholar, Riphah Institute of Media Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan. BSc, Department of Mass Communication, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. BSc, Department of Mass Communication, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/content-themes-in-pemra-complaints-a-cognitive-dissonance-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Grok and Public Trust: A Study of Algorithmic Authority in the 2025 Pakistan-India Crisis Tayyaba Paracha Waqas Amjad Qasim Ali Shah Artificial Intelligence Grok Public Trust in AI Journalism Crisis Communication Media Dependency Theory Fact-Checking Misinformation. This study explores public trust in Grok, an AI fact-checking tool on X (Twitter), during the 2025 Pakistan-India war. Using Media Dependency Theory, it examines how Grok shaped trust, fact-checking behavior, and perceptions of journalistic authority. A mixed-methods survey of 380 respondents measured trust, dependency, and views on AI’s role in crisis reporting. Findings show moderately high trust in Grok, moderate trust in journalists, and a perception that Grok was more reliable during the conflict. However, most participants favored human-AI collaboration over replacing reporters. Dependency on Grok was moderate and positively linked to trust. While respondents feared misinformation, they still valued AI for verification. Overall, the study suggests AI will not replace journalism but is becoming a parallel authority, influencing how audiences navigate uncertainty in conflict situations. Humanity Publications MS Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan. MS, Information Security, National University of Sciences & Techonology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. PhD, Department of Developmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/grok-and-public-trust-a-study-of-algorithmic-authority-in-the-2025-pakistanindia-crisis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Navigating Nexus between Renewable Energy Investments, Environmental Fiscal Policies, Climate Mitigation Technologies and Climate Change: A Novel Intelligent Bayes Analytical Assessments Rabia Akram Renewable Energy Investments Environmental Fiscal Policies Climate Mitigation Technologies Climate Change Intelligent Bayes Topology Given sharp increase in ecological problems, focus of environmental discussions is on carbon neutrality and sustainable development. This study explores how environmental taxes, investment in renewable energy, and reliance on natural resources and sustainable technologies affect progress of sustainable development. This research established for OECD analysis from 1994 to 2024 by using a novel intelligent Bayes topology based on structure learning shows that environmental taxes, renewable energy investment, climate mitigation technologies and economic progress will ensure environmental sustainability of the OECD economies. With increase of external factors of climate change, the financial sector and reliance on natural resources are undermining ecological sustainability. In addition, we are conducting economic classification on OECD dataset to identify the differences in experience between the G7 and other OECD economies. At the conclusion of our analysis, we put forward strong suggestions on environmental policies that enhance sustainability. Humanity Publications College of Management Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Shandong, 250014, China. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/navigating-nexus-between-renewable-energy-investments-environmental-fiscal-policies-climate-mitigation-technologies-and-climate-change-a-novel-intelligent-bayes-analytical-assessments https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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The Ecosophy of Beneficial Discourse: A Corpus- Assisted Analysis of Selected Blogs on Environment Zarak Zeeshan Zawar Hussain Mehran khan Ecosophy Corpus Linguistics Ecological Discourse Iied Blogs Deep Ecology Inconsistencies Ecological Reflections Monolithic Strategies Environmental Discourse Ecological Complexities Discours This paper addresses the heterogeneity and intricacy in the environmental discourses on blogs at the International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED), contrary to the perception of the discourses as homogenous. The study relies on the ideas of internal diversity provided by Guattari in order to analyze 80 purposely chosen blogs through the application of both quantitative and qualitative research. The study employs AntConc software to identify various ecosophical stances and thematic congruences across these discourses. The results indicate that the ecological perspective is diverse encompassing a complex, inconsistent and even contradictory human-environment relationship, consistent with the deep ecology proposed by Guattari. The insights indicate that the helpful discourse is not a single expression that can be useful, and it would be significant to acknowledge positional multiplicity in environmental decision-making and further studies. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar English, Department of Arts and Humanities, National University of Modern languages., Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant professor, Department of Arts and Humanities, National University of Modern languages., Islamabad, Pakistan. Undergraduate, Department of Arts and Humanities, National University of Modern languages., Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-ecosophy-of-beneficial-discourse-a-corpus-assisted-analysis-of-selected-blogs-on-environment https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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War-Related Stress and Identity Formulation in Youth: A Synthesis of Conflict and Displacement of the Middle East, Ukraine, Israel, And Refugee Camps Touqeer Abbas Muhammad Suhail Umer Farooq War-Related Stress Youth Identity Trauma Dislocation Resilience Secondary Data Analysis This research synthesizes available evidence between the years 2015 and 2025 on the effect of war-related stress on identity development in adolescents and young adults living in conflict-ridden areas and in refugee settings, including in the Middle East (Gaza, Syria) and Ukraine, as well as Israel and refugee camps worldwide. Using a secondary data analysis approach, thematic synthesis was performed across peer-reviewed studies, dissertations, and institutional reports focusing on young people aged 12-25, who were exposed to violence or forced migration. Findings show that chronic exposure to experiences of war leads to a significant increase in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation, which affects capacities that are essential for identity development. The study concludes on the proposition that identity development in youth affected by war, interacting with effects of trauma, sociocultural context, and resilience, is rather dynamic. Implications include providing culturally based, developmentally informed interventions. Humanity Publications PHD Scholar, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of International Relations, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/warrelated-stress-and-identity-formulation-in-youth-a-synthesis-of-conflict-and-displacement-of-the-middle-east-ukraine-israel-and-refugee-camps https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Pitch and Intensity Variations in English Speech: A Contrastive Analysis of British RP and Ghebi Speakers Nafeesa Zulfiqar Ilsa Sarwar Raja Tajammul Hussain Pitch Intensity British Received Pronunciation Ghebi Speakers Contrastive Analysis This paper attempts to explain the differences between British Received Pronunciation (RP) and the Ghebi speakers while communicating in English by using contrastive anal- ysis from Robert Lado’s book Linguistics Across Cultures (1957). Robert Lado was bilingual and talked about the challenges that he encountered while learning a second language. The research gap is that it focuses on a new perspective of differences between the Ghebi speakers and native English speakers when communicating. Praat software is used for data analysis of the words uttered by Ghebi speakers and British Received Pronunciation (RP). The study’s comparative analysis provides in-depth details about the differences between British RP and Ghebi speakers. British speakers have a higher pitch and intensity than the Ghebi speakers, for instance, variations in stress patterns and the influence of L1 over L2. It shows apparent differences based on their pitch and intensity (Lado, 1957; Brown, 2007; Ellis, 2015). Humanity Publications Graduate BS (Hons), Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Graduate BS (Hons), Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Graduate BS (Hons), Department of English, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/pitch-and-intensity-variations-in-english-speech-a-contrastive-analysis-of-british-rp-and-ghebi-speakers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Rice Leading the Prominent Crop Production Using NDVI at Khairpur Nathan Shah Azhar Ali Lund Sujomal Meghwar Gianchand Kolhi Rice Cash Crops Dadu Droughts Floods Rice is the basic cereal crop after wheat; it is a major revenue generator in cash crops around the Khairpur Nathan Shah region. It is one of the rice cultivator regions in the Dadu zone, which is considered a prominent crop for its local economy. Climate change has a major effect on agriculture in the KN Shah area, also enforcing vulnerable conditions due to droughts and floods that have negative effects on production and seasonal cultivation. For assessing the rice crop, community-based survey data were collected along with remote sensing, using the GIS tool, through the Indicate the month of June and July 2022 crop data. It was used for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) classification. The result demonstrated 0.16-0.34 values in rice in the month of June, while 0.26-0.54  values in July. Humanity Publications Teacher, School education and literacy department, Government of Sindh, Pakistan. Associate Professor & Chairman, Department of Geography, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Government (Boys) Degree College, Samaro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/rice-leading-the-prominent-crop-production-using-ndvi-at-khairpur-nathan-shah https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Accent Bullying in Pakistani Classrooms: Exploring its Long-Term Effects on English Language Retention and Speaking Confidence Accent Bullying Linguistic Discrimination Language Anxiety Pakistani EFL Learners Accent bullying is one of the forms of linguistic discrimination faced by the students of postcolonial regions like Pakistan, where English is considered a symbol of social prestige. This paper explores how accent bullying leads to anxiety and language avoidance among English learners. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, this research surveyed 114 students from various institutions in Pakistan using a structured questionnaire, and the responses were analyzed with SPSS.  The results revealed that peer ridicule was a stronger predictor of language avoidance than teacher correction in reducing language anxiety. Overall, the results correspond to Bourdieu's (1991) account of symbolic violence, whereas accent bias creates hierarchies of English's legitimacy. The present study enlightens the way to accent inclusive pedagogies that contribute to the establishment of supportive English as a Foreign Language learning spaces in Pakistan. This research contributes to a global work to tackle linguistic discrimination. Humanity Publications 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/accent-bullying-in-pakistani-classrooms-exploring-its-longterm-effects-on-english-language-retention-and-speaking-confidence https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Rote to Robot: The STEAM Revolution – Content Analysis of STEAM Curriculum Mohtashma Habib Content Analysis STEAM Curriculum Textbooks The present study focused on analysing the STEAM curriculum. The current study based on following objectives. (i) To analyse the content of science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics STEAM curriculumm. (ii)To investigates the challenges faced regarding implementation of STEAM curriculum. (iii)To identify the strengths and areas of improvement of STEAM curriculum. Qualitative content analysis research design employed. Purposive sampling techniques were used. Sample of the study consisted of ten chapters from each STEAM curriculum textbook of grades one, two, and three. It was shown by the results of the study that the STEAM curriculum has potential to inculcate both soft and hard skills in students through transdisciplinary learning. However, gaps exist in contents integration, teacher’s training, resource availability. It was concluded that systemic changes in in-service and pre-service teacher trainings, instructional support, and policy direction needed for successful implementation of STEAM curriculum. Humanity Publications Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Educational Leadership and Management (Faculty of Education), International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/rote-to-robot-the-steam-revolution-content-analysis-of-steam-curriculum https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Visual (Mis)Representation: Pashtoon Culture in Pashto Film Cover Pictures Laiba Javid Barkah Pashtoon Culture Cover Images Visual Semiotics Peirce’s Triadic Model Cultural Representation Media Discourse This paper will analyze how the cover images in the Pashto films represent and misrepresent the Pashtoon culture using the Triadic Model of Signs as given by Peirce. Based on six Pashto movie cover images published in 2024 and 2025, the research adopts the qualitative visual semiotic approach. The analysis focused on the relationship between the representamen (visual elements), the object (cultural concepts) and the interpretant (meanings created to viewers). The results show that the portrayal of the Pashtoon culture has the tendency to repeat, specifically the focus on hyper-masculinity, weapons and conflicts, rural themes, and traditional gender roles. Although some of the cover images depict cultural values while others tend to simplify or stereotype Pashtoon culture, thus partially misrepresenting it. The paper highlights the need for more subtle and well-balanced visual representations of the Pashtoon culture in Pashto cinema. Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/visual-misrepresentation-pashtoon-culture-in-pashto-film-cover-pictures https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Sex Is Rare, and Sexuality Is Everywhere: Exploring the Triggers of Masturbation Among Young Adults Suleeman Hussain Muhammad Intizar Raza Amber Javed Sex Sexuality Masturbation Young Adults Biological Drive Masturbation is a widespread and under-researched phenomenon of sexual living, usually defined in a very limited manner as a reaction to the biological sexual drive. It is a qualitative research that examines psychological, emotional, and situational antecedents of masturbation in young men of adult age, which preempts their self-perception of the reasons and time of masturbation. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 male students between the ages of 17-25 were carried out and analyzed through an interpretive thematic approach. The results indicate that emotional conditions like stress, anxiety, boredom, and emotional overload often provoke masturbation, and the situational factors comprise solitude, nighttime activities, and online activities. Participants described masturbation as an emotionally reactive and habitual practice as a form of self-regulation, habit, and self-care, and no longer as a sexual release.  Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Civil Teacher, Garrison Human Resources Development Centre (HRDC), Cantt Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sex-is-rare-and-sexuality-is-everywhere-exploring-the-triggers-of-masturbation-among-young-adults https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Impulse Buying and Brand Loyalty Among Gen Z in the Age of Social Media Discounting Tabish Abdullah Tanveer Hussain Impulse Buying Brand Loyalty Generation Z Social Media Discounting Influencers Review The paper discusses how discounting via social media impacts impulsive purchase behavior and brand loyalty among generation Z consumers, based on the statistical analysis of the data involving 353 participants, flash sales and promotional codes mostly produce new transactions but they develop the relationships between the consumers and the brand on a transactional, price-sensitive scale, rather than a lasting affective one. One interesting observation establishes social evidence especially through influencer recommendation as the dominant force behind brand trust at temporary promotional stages. The factual data indicate that discounting alone cannot serve to maintain long term retention but rather companies need to introduce plausible social evidence to move consumers away towards short term reactions and long-term compliance. These are the findings that give strategic advice to marketers working in the competitive social commerce environment. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, School of Media and Communication studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Communication and Media Research, School of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/impulse-buying-and-brand-loyalty-among-gen-z-in-the-age-of-social-media-discounting https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Restorative Justice in Pakistan’s Criminal System: Can Mediation Reduce Prison Overcrowding? Kamran Abdullah Aisha Rasool Restorative Justice Mediation Prison Overcrowding Undertrial Detention Diversion Criminal Justice Reform Pakistan This paper discusses how restorative justice (RJ) can be used to reduce prison overcrowding in Pakistan, using the mediation process. Slow processing of crimes and high levels of undertrial detention are the reason of overcrowding. The research is a mixed-methods study, which incorporates legal, prison data, and interviews with the stakeholders to determine whether RJ can alleviate overcrowding through diversion of viable cases out of the prison system. The results indicate that mediation can be used to minimise the remand time and prison admissions, especially in minor interpersonal and property cases. Nevertheless, it has minimal effects on more severe crimes like drug crimes. The success of RJ relies on the protection of the safeguards, such as voluntariness, protection of the victims, and judicial supervision. This paper concludes that RJ mediation, when done appropriately, can assist in decreasing overcrowding and enhancing the efficiency of the criminal justice system. Humanity Publications Deputy Registrar, Appellate Tribunal Inland Revenue, Islamabad, Paksitan. Senior Consultant and Head of Research and Opinion Wing, Ministry of Law and Justice, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/restorative-justice-in-pakistans-criminal-system-can-mediation-reduce-prison-overcrowding https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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Identity Construction in Polygamous Households: Psychological and Social Consequences for Women in Central Punjab Shahzad Khaver Mushtaq Muhammad Intizar Raza Asma Yunus Polygamy; Gender Inequality; Emotional Neglect; Women’s Well-Being; Patriarchy; Pakistan This qualitative research work focuses on social, psychological and physical experiences of polygamous first wives in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. The semi-structured interviews, informed by Feminist Theory and Intersectionality, were carried out with 11 first wives and their interviews analyzed through the use of the thematic analysis. Eight themes were identified as being associated and connected: emotional neglect, social marginalization, psychological distress, physical health degradation, religious justification and gendered silence, economic dependency, coping mechanisms and identity reconstruction. The subjects indicated the loss of emotional support, social respect, anxiety, sleeping difficulties. The results indicate that polygamy is a socially constructed institution, which supports gendered inequalities in rural Pakistan. The increased enforcement of family laws, the increase of community-based counseling and mental-health services, the enhancement of gender- sensitive religious education, and women economic empowerment are necessary to increase well-being in polygamous families. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Civil Teacher, Garrison Human Resources Development Centre (HRDC), Cantt Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/identity-construction-in-polygamous-households-psychological-and-social-consequences-for-women-in-central-punjab https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

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English as a Gatekeeper: Code-switching in Pakistan's Elite Schools Zohaib Zahir Muhammad Imran Mohammad Wasimullah English as a Gatekeeper Code Switching Socio-Economic Status Elite Schools Pakistan Bilingual Educational Language Practices Educational Inequality Multilingual Classrooms and Linguistic Capit This study investigates the role of English as a gatekeeper language and the phenomenon of code switching in elite schools in District Karak Pakistan. Through the qualitative methods, such as classroom observation, semi-structured interview with teachers and students, as well as analysis of documents, the research examines the functional role of the English language as a tool of academic and social distinction. The study shows that English proficiency is directly connected to academic success and the ability to earn a living in the future with English being the gateway for opportunities for success. Code-switching, the behavior of mixing different languages (Russian and English or Urdu language or regional languages). The results highlight the cross-cutting of language, socio-economic status and educational inequality and hint at the necessity of zeroing in inclusive language policies in elite schools so as to guarantee equitable access to academic success. Humanity Publications Doctoral Researcher, Department of English, FATA University, Darra Adam Khel, FR Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, FATA University Darra Adam Khel FR Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, Cadet College Razmak, KP, Pakistan. 2025-12-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/english-as-a-gatekeeper-codeswitching-in-pakistans-elite-schools https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2025(X-IV).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 10, Issue 4 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395901 2026-03-30 gssr

Reimagining Inclusion: Pakistan's Progress and Gaps in Implementing the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) (2015–2024) Amal Fatima Muhammad Faizan Salik Anwar Faizan Ali Persons with Disabilities Disability Rights UN CRPD Pakistan Social Inclusion Institutional Effectiveness This paper will analyze the progress and the failure of Pakistan to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) within the period of 2015 to 2024. In 2011, Pakistan ratified the CRPD and did some federal and provincial changes in laws to foster inclusion and rights of persons with disabilities. Despite these formal promises, difficulties still lie ahead in the interpretation of laws and policies into effective educational, employment access and social engagement outcomes. The study uses a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach and relies on secondary data, such as, official reports, laws, and scholarly materials. Based on Capability Approach and State Capacity Theory, used to connect institutional capacity with the actual inclusion outcomes. The study will also help in giving a comprehensive review of the legal reform, policy measures, and institutional initiatives, during 2015-2024 in Pakistan in order to adhere to the international disability rights provisions. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of Political Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/reimagining-inclusion-pakistans-progress-and-gaps-in-implementing-the-united-nation-convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-un-crpd-20152024- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Sino-U.S. Rivalry and its Implications for Southeast Asia: an Analysis Israr Rasool Adnan Nawaz Ghulam Mustafa Tariffs American First China Zero-sum International Balance of Power In this study, the challenges of the Sino-US rivalry under the presidencies of Donald Trump and Joe Biden are discussed. Trump trade and economic approach, and the product of tariffs and sanctions, with its America First wish attached on decreasing the general demand of the nation on Chinese production. The administration as a zero-sum game in which major emphasis was given to trade deficits, intellectual property theft, and not including vital areas of life in China. In this paper, potential economic and geopolitical consequences of these two opposite strategies, such as new patterns of international trade, the ability of China to cushion against economic shocks, the effect of these strategies on innovation, and technological leadership, are assessed. These presidencies are compared in the study and help to comprehend the shifting course of the U.S.-China economic relations and implications on the international balance of power. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/sinous-rivalry-and-its-implications-for-southeast-asia-an-analysis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Shifting Power Asymmetries in a Multipolar World: Implications for Global Stability Shabana Naeem Multipolarity Power Asymmetry Global Stability International Competition Alliance Dynamics Global Governance The contemporary international system is undergoing a profound transformation marked by the decline of unipolar dominance and the emergence of a multipolar configuration. This study investigates how shifting power asymmetries influence global stability by systematically comparing economic, military, technological, and institutional performance across diverse international actors. Using a mixed analytical approach that integrates performance comparison tables and advanced visual analyses, the study examines how power redistribution shapes systemic behavior under conditions of competition, alliance restructuring, and institutional fragmentation. The results reveal significant variation in performance outcomes, demonstrating that multipolarity generates nonlinear and uneven effects rather than uniform diffusion of influence. While some actors display high resilience and adaptive efficiency, others experience elevated volatility, particularly in security commitment and institutional effectiveness. Overall, the findings suggest that instability in a multipolar world arises less from power diffusion itself and more from fragmented governance, unequal shock-absorption capacity, and misaligned strategic responses. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Higher Education Department, Government Graduate College for Women Kabir Wala, Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/shifting-power-asymmetries-in-a-multipolar-world-implications-for-global-stability https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Cultural Capital and Educational Inequality: A Study of Academic Achievement and Persistence among Higher Education Students Shafquat Ali Muhammad Tahir Shazib Iqbal Cultural Capital Education Inequality Academic Achievement Persistence Higher Education This is a qualitative research study on the influence of cultural capital on the experience of students and their education results in higher education. Through the Bourdieu theory of cultural capital, habitus, and field, the study examines the way students with varying socioeconomic statuses act to mobilize embodied, objectified and institutionalized forms of capital in universities. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 undergraduate students, with different socioeconomic and first-generation backgrounds. Thematic analysis showed that cultural capital has significant impacts on academic confidence, classroom involvement, institutional orientation, and sense of belonging. Students with high socioeconomic status exhibited a greater adherence to the mainstream academic standards, and the first-generation and low-SES students indicated that they experienced difficulties in the beginning but had developed coping strategies throughout their lives. The results bring out the reproductive character of higher education as well as its reorganizational possibilities. The research paper highlights the importance of having inclusive institutional practices in order to minimize the inequalities in academic achievement and persistence. Humanity Publications Visiting Lecturer, Department of Sociology & Gender Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Karakorum University Diamer Campus, Chilas, Gilgit- Baltistan, Pakistan. M.Sc. Graduated, Department of sociology and Criminology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/cultural-capital-and-educational-inequality-a-study-of-academic-achievement-and-persistence-among-higher-education-students https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Exploring the Interpersonal Portrayal in Pakistani Children Literature: A Systemic Functional Perspective Aqsa Ashraf Tazanfal Tehseem Asad Nazar Systemic Functional Linguistics; Critical Discourse Analysis; Modality; Power Dynamics; Curriculum Development The current study investigates social representation of characters in Pakistani children literature that is utilized within schools and specifically with the Punjab Textbook Board (PTB) textbooks in Grade 5-8. Utilizing an SFL, Interpersonal Meta-function as developed by Halliday, the study explores the issue of relationships, power and ideology of education as represented in any of the texts by linguistics choice. By establishing the method as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and using pronouns, mood, and modality as analysis points, the study will seek to determine how language can construct or challenge dominant ideologies. Through qualitative analysis of selected texts, one examines character interactions to indicate patterns of who are included or marginalized representation, social groups, and power structures which were present. This study has its significance in various fields of education such as in the fields of curriculum engineering, linguistic analysis, and Discourse analysis. Humanity Publications M.Phil Scholar, Department of English Language and Linguistics, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor Department of English Language and Linguistics, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. PhD Scholar Department of English Language and Linguistics, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/exploring-the-interpersonal-portrayal-in-pakistani-children-literature-a-systemic-functional-perspective https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Holy Qur'an and International Relations Hasan Yaser Malik Qur’an Peace Equality Foreign Relations Functioning Universal Brotherhood and State. The first state where the followers of all the religions were given equal rights was formed in 611 AD as per the guidelines of the Holy Qur’an through the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) at Madina, mainly comprising Muslims, Kafars (Idol worshipers) and Jews with equal social and economic rights. It not only improved foreign and diplomatic relations. Groups were knitted so well through treaties that they even fought wars as allies, which not only further strengthened the state but also created a history of Universal Brotherhood and Leadership. People following various religions were harmonised through a model treaty called the ‘Charter of Madina’. Apart from its firm implementation, the success of the treaty was based on three main features, equality, justice and peace. Functioning of such a multi religious state on the basis of equality and peace needed, hence adoption of relevant Qur’anic rules proved worthy of their vision and strength. Humanity Publications Senior Research Fellow, Environ Monitor. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/holy-quran-and-international-relations https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Good Governance in Pakistan’s Public Service: Assessing Transparency, Accountability, and Bureaucratic Challenges Zermina Tasleem Sohail Ayaz Muhammad Muqarrab Akbar Good Governance Public Service Transparency Accountability Bureaucratic Corruption Pakistan Good governance has become a focal point of good administration of the populace, and sustainable development, especially in developing nations, where institutional weaknesses tend to discredit the state's capacity. This paper analyses the concept and reality of good governance in the Pakistani public service with special reference to transparency, accountability, and bureaucratic corruption. Regardless of the numerous governance reforms and introduction of accountability mechanisms, Pakistan has been grappling with poor service delivery, poor institutional control, and deteriorating trust in the institutions of the state. Qualitative research design was used in the collection of data, which was conducted based on semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and secondary governance indicators. The results indicate that policy systems that promote good governance are formally present, but there is inconsistency in their execution because of political interventions, poor accountability systems, and the presence of bureaucratic cultures. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/good-governance-in-pakistans-public-service-assessing-transparency-accountability-and-bureaucratic-challenges https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Global AML and CFT Governance: Doctrinal Analysis of Hard Law, Soft Power, and the Sovereignty Clash to Reshape Frameworks Hyder Ali Memon Ghulam Mujtaba Malik Ramesh Kumar AML &amp; CFT Legal Pluralism Global Governance Compliance Theory Developing Economies. The counter-terrorist financing (CFT) and the anti-money laundering (AML) regime is one of the broadest systems of global regulatory governance which integrates commitments in the form of binding treaties, soft law standards, and transnational networks of enforcement. This paper follows its development since the disjointed structure of the 1980s to the modern day issues of digital finance. It shows that AML/CFT governance is a hybrid order, which combines hierarchical treaties, FATF soft law, regulatory networks, and reputational incentives, through doctrinal analysis of the Vienna Convention (1988), Palermo Convention (2000), UNCAC (2003), and the International Convention of the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (1999). Even though financial action taskforce (FATF) does not have a formal treaty power, it enjoys de facto normative power due to compliance pressures. Based on FATF mutual evaluation (2013-2024), the article identifies the continuous disparity between technical compliance and operational quality, especially in the developing states, and suggests a model of reform to reconcile the norm diffusion with the ability to substantially enforce the rules. Humanity Publications Assistant Professor, Department of Criminology, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan. PhD. Scholar, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Szegad, Hungary. LLM Scholar, Institute of Law, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/global-aml-and-cft-governance-doctrinal-analysis-of-hard-law-soft-power-and-the-sovereignty-clash-to-reshape-frameworks https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).08 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Traditional Weather Prediction in Pashto Proverbs: An Ecolinguistic Analysis of Environmental Framing Rohila Rehman Muhammad Imran Wasim Ullah Pashto Proverbs Environmental Wisdom Arran Stibbe Wind Patterns Human-Nature This research article examines Pashto proverbs through an eco-linguistic perspective to identify the environmental wisdom embedded in them and understand how applicable they may be in the environmental situation of the modern day. The study follows a qualitative and descriptive approach, the work of Arran Stibbe (2015), which is titled Stories We Live By. Ten Pashto proverbs were intentionally chosen out of credible written materials and oral records. The filtering requirements gave preference to terms associated with weather conditions, seasonal variations, schedule of rainfall, temperature variations, wind patterns and agricultural activities. The results imply that Pashto proverbs hold experience-based environmental wisdom passed on to other generations by human-nature interaction. The proverbs, when combined, foster the culture of environmental moderation, flexibility and custodianship. The application of indigenous systems of knowledge in addition to the modern scientific paradigms may contribute to increasing the level of sustainable environmental education and language preservation. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, FATA University, Darra Adam Khel, FR Kohat, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of English, FATA University Darra Adam Khel FR Kohat, KP, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, FATA University, Darra Adam Khel, FR Kohat, KP, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/traditional-weather-prediction-in-pashto-proverbs-an-ecolinguistic-analysis-of-environmental-framing https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).09 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Educational Psychology in AI: Cognitive Foundations, AI-Supported Learning Systems, and the Future of Personalized Education Mahrukh Aziz Iman Fatima AI-Supported Learning Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) Cognitive Load Personalized Education Intelligent Tutoring Systems Educational Psychology Adaptive Learning Technology The AI is transforming how countries learn by providing adaptable, data-driven learning experiences that respond to learners' cognitive states, behavioral patterns, and educational paths. This paper explores the convergence of AI and educational psychology, investigating how an AI-assisted learning system operationalizes recent psychological concepts, such as cognitive load theory, self-regulated learning (SRL), and Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development, to maximize the instructional process. Based on recent empirical data from meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, this research reports that AI-supported learning significantly increases academic performance (cohensions d = 0.68, 95% CI [0.41, 0.95]) compared with traditional learning. Moreover, AI-personalized learning systems reduce additional cognitive load by 34 percent among learners with cognitive deficits. The evidence indicates that AI is useful for learning when it provides purposeful practice and profound thinking that align with learners' cognitive development. Humanity Publications Home-room Teacher, American Lycetuff school DNK, Pakistan. Assistant Teacher, Cordial School & College, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/educational-psychology-in-ai-cognitive-foundations-aisupported-learning-systems-and-the-future-of-personalized-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).10 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Empowering the Scholar: How Self-Empowerment Awareness Shapes Behavioral Patterns in Higher Education Maryam Mustafa Khalid Saleem Mobeen-Ul-Islam Awareness Individual Empowerment University Students’ Behavior Behavioral Awareness of self-empowerment plays a transformative role in shaping behavioral patterns within higher education. This study aims to provide insights into how awareness of personal empowerment can be used as an effective strategy to promote positive behavioral change, personal growth, decision-making skills, and academic success among higher education students. This study employed a positivist approach to quantitatively examine the relationship between self-empowerment awareness and behavioral patterns among scholars in higher education.  Stratified sampling was used to select respondents. A survey is usually used to collect information. For conducting this survey, two questionnaires were developed on a 5-point Likert scale. Questionnaires revealed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between USB (university students’ behavior) and AIE (awareness of individual empowerment). Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Education, University of Okara,, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Teacher Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/empowering-the-scholar-how-selfempowerment-awareness-shapes-behavioral-patterns-in-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).11 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Harry Potter Revisited: Exploring the selected series through Psychoanylsis Shaista Hayat Saman Salah Psychoanalysis Harry Potter Qualitative Research Design Content Analysis This paper takes into consideration one of the series in the world which has a huge name “Harry Potter” written by the famous writer J.K. Rowling. The study explores the characters' ability to remain focused and logical in the face of difficulties. The research uses a qualitative research design with a descriptive, exploratory and interpretative approach. Besides, the study uses content analysis by Hasieh and Shannon (2005) for the analysis using psychoanalysis theory. Freud (1900) divided the mind into three components: the superego (consciousness of good and evil), the ego (logic and balance), and the id (emotions and impulsive desires). The research uses these concepts to illustrate how the selected series illustrate the characters' internal conflicts between morality, reason, and emotions. Hence, this study is significant because it gives readers insight into how individuals actually deal with emotions and make decisions. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/harry-potter-revisited-exploring-the-selected-series-through-psychoanylsis https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).12 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing: A Scopus-Based Science-Mapping Review of Themes, Intellectual Structure, and Research Frontiers Rao Usama Bin Nasir Shahid Mahmood Nasir Abbas Artificial Intelligence Digital Marketing Bibliometric Analysis Machine Learning Generative AI This study maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital marketing through a bibliometric analysis of 827 Scopus-indexed articles (1986–2026). Utilizing Bibliometrix and VOSviewer, performance analysis and science mapping reveal recent, accelerated growth across interdisciplinary outlets. China, the US, and India lead productivity, while Malaysia, Jordan, Australia, and the UK drive international collaboration. Thematic mapping identifies machine learning for commerce and consumer behavior as a dominant motor theme. In contrast, human-centric social media research remains a specialized niche, and generative AI emerges as a fast-growing frontier. Furthermore, co-citation networks expose a three-pillar intellectual foundation rooted in digital transformation, quantitative methodology, and technology adoption behavior. Ultimately, this long-horizon science map highlights strategic opportunities to integrate emerging generative AI and human-centric approaches with established, analytics-driven marketing frameworks. Humanity Publications Brunel Business School, Brunel University London, United Kingdom (UK). Research Officer, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, College of Commerce, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/artificial-intelligence-in-digital-marketing-a-scopusbased-sciencemapping-review-of-themes-intellectual-structure-and-research-frontiers https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).13 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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An insight into the Causes of Lack of Home-School Connection in Malakand Division, Pakistan Nasar Khan Faria Ibad Mirza Usra Ahmad Home School Connection Parents Involvement Home-school connection is one of the key dimensions of interest to educational researchers. Home-school connection has not been researched well in the context of Pakistan. Therefore, this study aims to assess the causes of the lack of home-school connection in government-sector schools. This study has been conducted in Thana and Batkhela, Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study is framed as a qualitative exploratory research design. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques have been utilised. Based on saturation, 13 interviews and an FGD were conducted. The sample size for FGD was 7. An interview guide was designed specifically for the current study. Thematic analysis has been used to analyse information, as suggested by Braun and Clark (2019). It is concluded that a multifaceted set of factors impacts home-school connection.  Parents tend to focus on involving their children in business and other professions, while avoiding preparing them for government and non-governmental jobs. Humanity Publications Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Sociology, ARID Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Buner, KP, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/an-insight-into-the-causes-of-lack-of-homeschool-connection-in-malakand-division-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).14 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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From Digital Refinery to Diversified Economy: A Conceptual Framework Linking AI Adoption, Knowledge Management, and Vision 2030 Industrial Transformation in Saudi Arabia Jahanzaib Abdul Sajid Humaira Munir Mohammad Nawaz Artificial Intelligence Adoption; Knowledge Management Capability; Economic Diversification; Saudi Arabia; Vision 2030; Downstream Refineries; Dynamic Capabilities; Sustainability Orientation Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 positions economic diversification and knowledge-intensive industrial upgrading as national imperatives; however, the mechanisms through which refinery digitalization can plausibly contribute to these objectives remain theoretically underdeveloped. This study develops a multi-level conceptual framework explaining how artificial intelligence (AI) adoption and knowledge management (KM) capability co-evolve in Saudi Arabian refineries and how this co-evolution generates transformation outcomes aligned with Vision 2030 diversification goals. Integrating the knowledge-based view, dynamic capabilities theory, and technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, the model positions KM capability maturity as the central mediating mechanism through which AI adoption translates into operational excellence, sustainability-oriented innovation, and cross-site scaling outcomes. Trust in AI and sustainability orientation are theorized as boundary condition moderators. Six testable propositions and a three-phase empirical research agenda are advanced. The framework contributes an integrative, refinery-specific conceptual model that bridges Saudi institutional evidence, hydrocarbon-sector AI–KM research, and digital refinery scholarship. Humanity Publications MBA Finance, Department of Business Administration, Virtual University of Pakistan. MBA Finance, Department of Business Administration, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Department of Social Sciences, Jamiya Milia College, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-digital-refinery-to-diversified-economy-a-conceptual-framework-linking-ai-adoption-knowledge-management-and-vision-2030-industrial-transformation-in-saudi-arabia https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).15 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Constructing Legitimacy in AI-Assisted Academic Writing: Responsibility, Limitation, and Disclosure in Higher Education Jabreel Asghar AI-assisted Academic Writing Legitimacy Authorship Accountability Academic Governance Disclosure Higher Education Generative AI tools are reshaping academic writing. The central issue is not their use, but when AI-assisted text can still be recognised as legitimate scholarly work. This exploratory study examines how experienced academics evaluate legitimacy through three conditions: retention of human responsibility for core ideas, limitation of AI to supportive roles, and disclosure of its use. Data were collected from 25 participants through a questionnaire combining rating scales and open-ended responses. The findings show that legitimacy is conditional rather than binary. Participants accepted AI for drafting, rephrasing, and organising text, but expressed concern when it shaped arguments or interpretations. Across responses, three conditions consistently defined acceptable use: AI must support rather than replace intellectual work, authors must remain accountable for all claims, and AI involvement must be disclosed. Legitimacy, therefore, rests on ongoing professional judgment rather than fixed rules. Humanity Publications Lecturer, General Studies, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain Falaj Hazza Campus, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/constructing-legitimacy-in-aiassisted-academic-writing-responsibility-limitation-and-disclosure-in-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).16 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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State of Digital Literacy among Balochistan Journalists in the Perspective of Globalization, Localization, and Hybrid Media Systems Khayam Hassan Aqeel Ahmad Khalid Sultan State of Digital Literacy Balochistan Journalists Globalization Localization and Hybrid Media Systems This research explores the state of digital literacy among Baluchistan-based journalists from the perspectives of globalization, localization and a hybrid media system, given the rapid changes across all walks of life. In this context, new technologies and technological determinism have also reshaped journalistic practices across all fields of work. A quantitative research methodology was applied to this study, and survey research methods were used for data collection. Data were collected from 100 Quetta Press Club journalists through random sampling. An online Google Form questionnaire was distributed via WhatsApp. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between journalists’ educational qualifications and digital literacy, with higher educational attainment associated with significantly greater digital literacy scores. It was also found that the concentration in this field indicates that people drawn to the disciplines of communications might be more digital, or that, in fact, these disciplines manage to develop digital competencies. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Lecturer, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Professor, Department of Media and Communication Studies, National University Of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2026-03-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/state-of-digital-literacy-among-balochistan-journalists-in-the-perspective-of-globalization-localization-and-hybrid-media-systems https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-I).17 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 1 Pakistan

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Women's Education and Changing Gender Roles in Basti Rasoolpur: An Ethnographic Perspective on Sustainable Rural Development Azka Khan Nazia Rafiq Women’s Education Gender Roles Sustainable Development Ethnography South Punjab Rural Pakistan Women Empowerment Education of women has come under focus as a means to transform gender and contribute to sustainable rural development in Pakistan. The aim of this ethnographic research is to explore the role of education in changing gender roles of Basti Rasoolpur, a rural community in south of Punjab. Research is conducted using qualitative approaches such as in-depth interview, participant observation, focus group discussion and informal interaction, examining women's involvement in household decision making, mobility, community involvement and economic life. Results show that education increases women's confidence, autonomy and ability to make a difference in their family's wellbeing, health, money matters and child education. The study reveals evolving attitudes, including greater acceptance of women's mobility and public participation, while maintaining social legitimacy and respectability. The findings show that women’s education strengthens social inclusion, economic resilience, and community development. These outcomes support sustainable rural development and future prosperity.  Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/womens-education-and-changing-gender-roles-in-basti-rasoolpur-an-ethnographic-perspective-on-sustainable-rural-development- https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).01 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Disaster Nursing Preparedness in a High-Risk Mountain Region:A Fuzzy-Set QCA of Education, Training, Organizational Support, and Structural Barriers in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan Abdul Razzaq Khan Sadia Nizam Core competencies in disaster nursing; fuzzy-set QCA; Configurational analysis; Causal asymmetry; Nursing education; Organizational support; Structural barriers; Gilgit-Baltistan; Pakistan; Sendai Fra Nurses play a key role in health emergency preparedness; however, there is insufficient literature related to nurse disaster readiness in resource-limited and high-risk environments. In GB, which is considered one of the most disaster-prone locations in South Asia, there is no empirically validated scale measuring DNCC. In this paper, a cross-case analysis has been conducted to determine if combinations of Education (EDU), Training (TRN), Organizational Support (ORG) and Structural Barriers (BAR) are necessary and sufficient to generate high or low levels of DNCC in nurses working at public hospitals. Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was used for data analysis using direct calibration based on percentile. It has been observed that none of the above-mentioned factors alone are sufficient to generate high DNCC. However, combination of different enabling factors can be responsible for high DNCC, while no organizational support has consistently shown up in configurations leading to low DNCC. Humanity Publications Program Manager, SZABIST (Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology) University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, MS Development Studies, SZABIST (Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology) University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/disaster-nursing-preparedness-in-a-highrisk-mountain-regiona-fuzzyset-qca-of-education-training-organizational-support-and-structural-barriers-in-gilgitbaltistan-pakistan https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).02 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Identity Formation Self and Interpersonal Functioning among Afghan Refugees Laila Ikram Hina Iqbal Identity Formation Ruminative Identity Commitment Making Exploration in Breadth Identification with Commitment Exploration in Depth Self and Interpersonal Functioning Afghan Refugees This study examined the relationship between identity formation and self/interpersonal functioning among Afghan refugees. A sample of 323 refugees aged 18–29 years was selected through cluster sampling from organizations including SHARP, Handicap International (HI), International Medical Corps (IMC), and UNHCR in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Identity formation was assessed using the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS), while self and interpersonal functioning was measured through the Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale (SIFS). Data analyzed using descriptive, correlational, t-test, and regression methods. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between identity formation and self/interpersonal functioning (r = −.421, p < .001). Ruminative exploration positively predicted poorer self and interpersonal functioning, whereas positive identity development significantly predicted better functioning (p < .001). Significant gender differences were observed in identity development (p< .001), but not in self/interpersonal functioning. Findings highlight the psychological impact of displacement, trauma, and forced migration on refugee wellbeing and adjustment.  Humanity Publications MPhil Scholar, Department of Psychology, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamia College, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/identity-formation-self-and-interpersonal-functioning-among-afghan-refugees https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).03 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan

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India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century Zainab Ghulam Mustafa Bisma Waseem Pakistan-Iran Relations India-Iran Strategic Partnership Chabahar Port Regional Connectivity Geopolitical Competition Energy Security South Asian Politics In a 21st-century scenario, the Pakistan-Iran equation is becoming more and more influenced by the regional and global dynamics, and India is an important strategic partner. The study discusses the evolving Indian relations with Iran with a particular emphasis on geopolitical competition, energy security, economic cooperation, and regional integration. The Indian involvement in the Chabahar Port project and its broader geopolitical drive in Afghanistan and Central Asia is covered in detail. It examines Pakistan's perception of India's rising influence in Iran and its impact on the bilateral relations and regional security between Iran and Pakistan. It also underscores Iran's policy of balancing the defence of national interests with maintaining good relations with two South Asian competitors. Humanity Publications M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/india-as-a-factor-in-pakistaniran-relations-in-the-21st-century https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan

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Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Resilience in North Africa Urwa Nasir Virda Hayyat Bilal Bin Liaqat Neoliberalism Commodification English Teachers Higher Education The North African region is one of the most climate change vulnerable areas in the world; as a result of the global climate change, it has been suffering from severe environmental, economic and social challenges. The regional prominence of these extreme climate change related problems worsening the security situation of the region before impinging on it – most notably water scarcity, desertification, decline in agricultural output, and food insecurity – is the area of focus of this research. This research explores a challenging context to respond to at the national and regional scale, hereby focusing on the policy level, such as the Agenda 2063 of the African Union, Africa Climate Initiatives of the UNEP and the Climate and Health Strategic Framework 2025 of the Africa CDC. Humanity Publications BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/climate-change-vulnerabilities-and-resilience-in-north-africa https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).06 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395988 2026-06-30 gssr

From Knowledge to Commodity: English Teachers’ Perceptions of Marketized Higher Education Mehwish Haider Hazrat Umar Neoliberalism Commodification English Teachers Higher Education Neoliberalism is an economic theory, ideology and philosophy that encourages free market, and promotes individuality over collective success. Coupled with globalization, it promotes education as a commodity which can be bought and sold for individual’s benefit. Moreover, its dominance in the field of education is so pervasive that people accept neoliberal models of education significant for the progress. A rich scholarship is available on the impact of neoliberalism on education; however, a limited research has been carried out to explore English teachers’ perceptions regarding the influence of neoliberalism on education. Thus, this paper bridges the gap by adopting qualitative approach. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that neoliberalism has transformed education into a commodity, and English teachers function as managers responsible to sell this commodity to generate revenue for the universities. The paper highlights the significance of raising awareness of critical thinking to question business-oriented educational reforms. Humanity Publications PhD Scholar, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. Assistant Professor, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Associate Professor, Department of English Language Teaching, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/from-knowledge-to-commodity-english-teachers-perceptions-of-marketized-higher-education https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).05 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan

oai:gssrjournal.com:395997 2026-06-30 gssr

The Role of Digital Storytelling in Prompting English Language Creativity among Undergraduate EFL Learners Mahnoor Gulab Lieba Irshad Abdul Rashid Prompting Language Creativity Digital Storytelling Motivation Multimedia Platforms This paper investigates the impact of digital storytelling on the creativity of English language among undergraduate EFL learners in the digital age. It adopts a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group to assess the effectiveness of this method. Data were collected through pretests, post-tests, questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. The results indicate improvements in vocabulary, fluency, creativity, and overall language among students instructed using this approach, compared with their peers receiving traditional instruction. Motivation, confidence, engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking also improved through digital storytelling among learners. Despite some technological challenges, the general findings suggest that digital storytelling is a powerful and pioneering tool for English language learning. The study suggests incorporating digital narratives into language learning to foster creativity and interest among undergraduate EFL learners. Humanity Publications B.S English, Department of English, University of Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. B.S English, Department of English, University of Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. Post-Doctoral Fellow, University of Reading, United Kingdom/Lecturer in English, University of Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan. 2026-06-30 Text Article application/pdf https://gssrjournal.com/article/the-role-of-digital-storytelling-in-prompting-english-language-creativity-among-undergraduate-efl-learners https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).07 en Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Global Social Sciences Review Volume 11, Issue 2 Pakistan