ARTICLE

PAK US RELATIONS UNDERSTANDING OF THE MISUNDERSTANDINGS

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

01 Pages : 1-23

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).01      10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).01      Published : Dec 2017

Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings

Abstract

    This paper critically analyses the US and Pakistan relations in historical context and thereby comprehends the causes of misunderstandings between them, especially under the new administration of Donal Trump. Like other states in our world both Pakistan and USA have priorities to secure their national interests as both have their own way of protecting their interest in short, medium or long terms. The paper finds that unlike the US which makes a policy that focuses only on the current scenarios, Pakistan keeps in view the lessons from past betrayals from US and her future needs arising from her security issues related to her neighbours i.e. Afghanistan and India. Pakistan also fears Indian involvement in Afghanistan and the US support to India in Afghanistan in general and particularly in the region. Pakistan needs to understand US mistrust for rapid proliferation (even legal) to earn easy money to strengthen its weak economy. From the US perspectives, it strategy regarding Pakistan is no different from that of a major powers as she only focuses short terms objectives. USA needs to realize that the strategic location of Pakistan and the nuclear capability makes her an important country that bestows on her the right to be treated like medium power in the region. It not only about dealing with mutual misunderstandings related to realization of mutual concerns but it is also about peace, security and future of every sixth human being on earth who lives in the region or maybe its impacts can go far beyond to the whole world. Therefore, both Pakistan and the US need to address each other's concern and work on converging lines.

    (1) Asghar Khan
    Lecturer, Department of Regional Studies, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
    (2) Ayaz Ahmad
    Lecturer Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
    (3) Amjad Ali Dadda
    Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management, UK
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Allison, R. (1988). The Soviet Union and the Strategy of Non-Alignment in the Third World. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, .
  • Anders Wivel, H. M. (2005). The Geopolitics of Euro-Atlantic Integration. New York: Routledge.
  • Asia, B. (2011). Pakistan outrage after 'Nato attack kills soldiers'. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15901363
  • Benjamin de Carvalho, I. B. (2014). Small State Status Seeking: Norway's Quest for International Standing. Oxon: Routledge, .
  • Berman, I. (2017). President Trump puts Pakistan on notice in Afghanistan speech. Retrieved September 3, 2017, from https://www.usatoday.com/story /opinion/2017/08/23/president-trump-puts-pakistan-notice-afghanistanspeech/588329001/
  • Bindra, S. S. (1988). Determinants of Pakistan's Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications,.
  • Bush, G. W. (2009). National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. New York: Morgan James Publishing,.
  • Caldwell, D. (2011). Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq. Stanford: Stanford University Press,.
  • Callard, K. B. (1959). Pakistan's Foreign Policy: An Interpretation. Michigan: Institute of Pacific Relations,.
  • Campbell Craig, F. L. (2012). America's Cold War. London: Harvard University Press.
  • Clarke, R. A. (2004). Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror. New York: Simon and Schuster,.
  • Collins, A. (2013). Contemporary Security Studies. Oxford: OUP Oxford, .
  • Commonwealth Advisory Group for Updating the 1985 Vulnerability Report, M. E. (1997). A Future for Small States: Overcoming Vulnerability. London : Commonwealth Secretariat,.
  • Congress, U. S. (1982). Congress and Foreign Policy, Volumes 1981-1987. Madison: U.S. Government Printing Office, .
  • Congress, U. S. (2010). US foreign assistance to Pakistan. Pennsylvania : U.S. G.P.O.,.
  • Cover, F. (2003). Democracies and Small Wars. London: Routledge,.
  • C-SPAN.org. (1989). Video. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from https://www.cspan.org/video/?c4602610/benazir-bhutto-address-us-conress-1989
  • Dalrymple, W. (2013). A Deadly Triangle: Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Washington: Brookings Institution Press,.
  • Daron Acemoglu, J. A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. Clays, UK: Profile Books.
  • David Kinsella, B. R. (2012). World Politics: The Menu for Choice (10th ed.). London : WADSWORTH CENGAG Learing .
  • Delpech, T. (2012). Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century: Lessons from the Cold War for a New Era of Strategic Piracy. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, .
  • Dimitrakis, P. (2012). Failed Alliances of the Cold War: Britain's Strategy and Ambitions in Asia and the Middle East. New York: I.B.Tauris,.
  • Downs, G. W. (1994). Collective Security Beyond the Cold War. Michigan : University of Michigan Press,.
  • D'Souza, S. M. (2012). US-Pakistan Relations and the 'end-game' in Afghanistan. Singapore: Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore.
  • Dutt, B. (2017). Trump gets it right on Afghanistan and Pakistan. Retrieved September 3, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/globalopinions/wp/2017/08/24/trump-gets-it-right-on-afghanistan-andpakistan/?utm_term=.da7e7b394e79
  • Erich Reiter, H. G. (2013). Small States and Alliances. Vienna: Springer Science & Business Media,.
  • Evangelista, M. (2008). Law, Ethics, and the War on Terror. Cambridge : Polity,.
  • Francis Gary Powers, C. G. (2001). Operation Overflight: A Memoir of the U-2 Incident. Lincoln: Potomac Books, .
  • Fukuyama, F. (2006). End of History and the Last Man. New York: Simon and Schuster,
  • Gall, C. (2014). The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 2001-2014. Geneva,: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,.
  • Gaur, M. (2005). Foreign Policy Annual, 2001-2009: Events. Dehli: Gyan Publishing House, .
  • Guzzini, S. (2013). Power, Realism and Constructivism. Oxon : Routledge.
  • Haider, Z. (2010). The Ideological Struggle for Pakistan. Stanford : Hoover Press,.
  • Hubbard, J. P. (2010). The United States and the End of British Colonial Rule in Africa, 1941-1968. Jefferson: McFarland,.
  • Hussain, A. (1966). Pakistan: its ideology and foreign policy. California: Cass.
  • Inderjeet Parmar, L. B. (2014). Obama and the World: New Directions in US Foreign Policy. Oxon: Routledge,.
  • Inderjeet Parmar, M. C. (2010). Soft Power and US Foreign Policy: Theoretical, Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. Oxon: Routledge,.
  • Iver B. Neumann, O. W. (2005). The Future of International Relations: Masters in the Making? (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Jehoon Park, T. J. (2011). Regionalism, Economic Integration and Security in Asia: A Political Economy Approach. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing,.
  • Joachim Krause, C. K. (2014). Afghanistan, Pakistan and Strategic Change: Adjusting Western Regional Policy. Oxon: Routledge,.
  • John Spanier, J. N. (2013). Congress, the Presidency and American Foreign Policy: Pergamon Policy Studies on International Politics. New York: Elsevier,.
  • Johnston, D. M. (2011). Religion, Terror, and Error: U.S. Foreign Policy and the Challenge of Spiritual Engagement. Santa Barbara : ABC-CLIO.
  • Joshua Pollack, G. P. (2012). The A.Q. Khan Network and its Fourth Customer. Retrieved September 1, 2017, from http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/01/23/a.q.-khan-network-and-itsfourth-customer-event-3505
  • Kakar, A. (2015). The Us-Afghanistan Relations During Obama Era: Implications for Pakistan. Munich: GRIN Verlag,.
  • Khan, R. M. (2013). Afghanistan and Pakistan: Conflict, Extremism, and Resistance to Modernity. Baltimore,: JohnHopkins University Press.
  • Kux, D. (2001). The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press,.
  • Lisa Harrison, T. C. (2013). Key Research Concepts in Politics and International Relations. London : SAGE.
  • Litwak, R. (2000). Rogue States and U.S. Foreign Policy: Containment After the Cold War. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, .
  • Mahmood, T. (1994). Pressler Amendment and Pakistan's Security Concerns . Pakistan Horizon, 97-107.
  • Malik, H. (2016). Soviet-Pakistan Relations and Post-Soviet Dynamics, 1947-92. London: Springer,.
  • Markey, D. S. (2014). Reorienting U.S. Pakistan Strategy: From Af-Pak to Asia. Council on Foreign Relations,. New York: Council on Foreign Relations,.
  • McGarr, P. M. (2013). The Cold War in South Asia: Britain, the United States and the Indian Subcontinent, 1945-1965. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,.
  • McMahon, R. J. (2010). The Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India, and Pakistan. New York: Columbia University Press,.
  • McMahon, R. J. (2013). The Cold War in the Third World. Oxford: OUP USA,.
  • Michael K. Connors, R. D. (2005). The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific. New York: Routledge, .
  • Michta, A. A. (2006). The Limits of Alliance: The United States, NATO, and the EU in North and Central Europe. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,.
  • Miller, R. M. (2014, December 17). feature. Retrieved September 11, 2017, from www.nationalinterest.org: http://nationalinterest.org/feature/time-makepsychology-part-international-relations-11872
  • Murphy, C. (2007). Are We Rome?: The Fall of an Empire and the Fate of America. New York: Houghton Mifflin .
  • Myers, R. H. (1982). A U.S. foreign policy for Asia: the 1980s and beyond. Michigan: Hoover Institution Press,.
  • Nikolas K. Gvosdev, C. M. (2013). Russian Foreign Policy: Interests, Vectors, and Sectors. London: CQ Press,.
  • Office, U. S. (1975). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Richard Nixon, 1973: Containing the Public Messages, Statements, and Speeches of the President. Washington: Government Printing Office,.
  • Pedersen, C. (2008). Cosmopolitanism or nativism?: US national identity and foreign policy in the twenty first century . In K. T. Christie (Ed.), United States Foreign Policy and National Identity in the 21st Century (pp. 20- 34). Oxon: Routledge.
  • Peter L. Bergen, D. R. (2014). Drone Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press,.
  • Philip J. Adler, R. L. (2012). World Civilizations: Volume II: Since 1500. Boston: Cengage Learning.
  • R. Nicholas Burns, J. P. (2009). The Global Economic Crisis and Potential Implications for Foreign Policy and National Security. Washington DC: Aspen Institute,.
  • Rashid, A. (2013). Pakistan on the Brink: The Future of Pakistan, Afghanistan and the West. London: Penguin,
  • Report, A. (2016). War on terror' has cost Pakistan $118bn: SBP. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from https://www.dawn.com/news/1297305
  • Report, N. (2009). Obama Signs $7 Billion Aid Bill for Pakistan. Retrieved September 4, 2017, from http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/10/15/obama-signs-billion-aidpakistan.html
  • Report, W. D. (2015). 80,000 Pakistanis killed in US 'War on Terror': report. Retrieved August 31, 2017, from https://tribune.com.pk/story/860790/80000-pakistanis-killed-in-us-waron-terror-report/
  • Richard Lee Armitage, S. R. (2010). U.S. Strategy for Pakistan and Afghanistan. New York: Council on Foreign Relations,.
  • Rizvi, H. (1993). Pakistan and the Geostrategic Environment: A Study of Foreign Policy (Vol. 1). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Roger E. Kasperson, J. V. (2011). The Structure of Political Geography. New Burnswick : Transaction Publishers,.
  • Rollings, J. (2011). Osama bin Laden's Death: Implications and Considerations. Washington: DIANE Publishing.
  • Rondeaux, C. (2008). U.S. Military Releases Video Footage of Airstrike in Pakistan. Washington Post Foreign Service. Washington : Washington Post .
  • Saikal, A. (2014). Zone of Crisis: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and Iran. London: I.B.Tauris.
  • Shah, M. A. (2017). More than 80 people died in a Pakistan terror attack last night - where exactly is the hashtag and the solidarity? Retrieved August 31, 2017, from http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/isis-terrorism-pakistandonald-trump-media-press-a7585461.html
  • Shah, S. (2009). Pakistan releases 'father' of nuclear bomb from house arrest . Retrieved September 10, 2017 , from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/06/nuclear-pakistan-khan
  • Small, A. (2015). The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, .
  • Society, A. P. (1895). World Affairs, (Vols. Volumes 57-58). Boston: American Peace Society
  • Szirmai, A. (2005). The Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development: An Introduction. Cape Toen: Cambridge University Press,.
  • Thomas G. Paterson. (1989). Kennedy's Quest for Victory: American Foreign Policy, 1961-1963. Oxford : Oxford University Press,.
  • Times, T. N. (2017). Full Transcript and Video: Trump's Speech on Afghanistan. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/21/world/asia/trump-speechafghanistan.html
  • Trofimov, Y. ( 2014). In Its Own War on Terror, Pakistan Piles Up Heavy Losses. Retrieved September 4, 2017, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-itsown-war-on-terror-pakistan-piles-up-heavy-losses-1394504943
  • Waterman, S. (2013). Heavy price: Pakistan says war on terror has cost nearly 50,000 lives there since 9/11 . Retrieved August 31, 2017, from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/27/heavy-pricepakistan-says-war-terror-has-cost-near/
  • Waterman, S. (2013). Heavy price: Pakistan says war on terror has cost nearly 50,000 lives there since 9/11 . Retrieved August 31, 2017, from http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/27/heavy-pricepakistan-says-war-terror-has-cost-near/
  • Weitsman, P. A. (2014). Waging War: Alliances, Coalitions, and Institutions of Interstate Violence. Stanford: Stanford University Press,.
  • West, B. A. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. New York: Infobase Publishing,.
  • Wetering, C. v. (2016). Changing US Foreign Policy toward India: US-India Relations since the Cold War. New York: Springer, .
  • William J. Broad, D. E. (2004). A Tale of Nuclear Proliferation: How Pakistani Built His Network. Retrieved August 30, 2017, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/12/world/a-tale-of-nuclearproliferation-how-pakistani-built-his-network.html

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khan, Asghar, Ayaz Ahmad, and Amjad Ali Dadda. 2017. "Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings." Global Social Sciences Review, II (II): 1-23 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).01

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHAN, A., AHMAD, A. & DADDA, A. A. 2017. Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings. Global Social Sciences Review, II, 1-23.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khan, Asghar, Ayaz Ahmad, and Amjad Ali Dadda. 2017. "Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings." Global Social Sciences Review, II: 1-23

MLA

    MLA : Khan, Asghar, Ayaz Ahmad, and Amjad Ali Dadda. "Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings." Global Social Sciences Review, II.II (2017): 1-23 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khan, Asghar, Ahmad, Ayaz, and Dadda, Amjad Ali (2017), "Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings", Global Social Sciences Review, II (II), 1-23

TURABIAN