Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams
This study investigated testosterone and cortisol levels on mood states among university male basketball players who had been preparing themselves for the intervarsity competition 2023-2024. The researcher selected 24 players from the University of the Punjab, Lahore, and Government College University Lahore n=12 each, aged between 19 to 25 years. Psychological states were evaluated using the Profile of Mood States(POMS) after matches, while aerobic fitness was assessed using the Cooper Test, which correlates with testosterone levels and POMS parameters. The results revealed that the winners had a considerably higher level of testosterone, while cortisol levels were diminished. Winners further showed improved POMS scores that indicated better mood states and high VO2 max levels, an indication of better aerobic fitness. Results indicated that high testosterone levels are the cause of high vigor and enhanced psychological resilience and that low cortisol levels reflect a decrease in stress and anxiety after the competition.
-
(1) Rida Qasim
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Yasmeen Tabassum
Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Badar Mohy ud Din
PhD Scholar, Department of Sport Sciences & Physical Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
-
Ahrorbek, N., Myungjae, L., Jungjae, L., Hanbin, J., Seungjun, L., Seungmin, L., & Erkinovna, S. D. (2023). Hormonal Regulation. Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 25, 39-4.
-
Ahrorbek, N., Myungjae, L., Jungjae, L., Hanbin, J., Seungjun, L., Seungmin, L., & Erkinovna, S. D. (2023). Hormonal Regulation. Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 25, 39-4.
- Armstrong, L. E., Bergeron, M. F., Lee, E. C., Mershon, J. E., & Armstrong, E. M. (2022). Overtraining syndrome as a complex systems phenomenon. Frontiers in Network Physiology, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2021.794392
- Armstrong, L. E., Bergeron, M. F., Lee, E. C., Mershon, J. E., & Armstrong, E. M. (2022). Overtraining syndrome as a complex systems phenomenon. Frontiers in Network Physiology, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2021.794392
- Blake, K. R., Bastian, B., O’Dean, S. M., & Denson, T. F. (2017). High estradiol and low progesterone are associated with high assertiveness in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 75, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.008
- Blake, K. R., Bastian, B., O’Dean, S. M., & Denson, T. F. (2017). High estradiol and low progesterone are associated with high assertiveness in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 75, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.008
- Borresen, J., & Lambert, M. I. (2009). The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance. Sports Medicine, 39(9), 779–795. https://doi.org/10.2165/11317780-000000000-00000
- Borresen, J., & Lambert, M. I. (2009). The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance. Sports Medicine, 39(9), 779–795. https://doi.org/10.2165/11317780-000000000-00000
- Castagna, C., Manzi, V., Impellizzeri, F., Weston, M., & Alvarez, J. C. B. (2010). Relationship between endurance field tests and match performance in young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(12), 3227–3233. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e72709
- Castagna, C., Manzi, V., Impellizzeri, F., Weston, M., & Alvarez, J. C. B. (2010). Relationship between endurance field tests and match performance in young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(12), 3227–3233. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e72709
- Cook, C. J., Crewther, B. T., & Kilduff, L. P. (2018). Physiological assessments of professional soccer players during a pre-season training camp. PLOS ONE, 13(6).
- Cook, C. J., Crewther, B. T., & Kilduff, L. P. (2018). Physiological assessments of professional soccer players during a pre-season training camp. PLOS ONE, 13(6).
- Crewther, B. T., & Cook, C. J. (2012). Stress and performance in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(6), 567-575.
- Crewther, B. T., & Cook, C. J. (2012). Stress and performance in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(6), 567-575.
- Crewther, B. T., Lowe, T. E., & Ingram, J. R. (2008). Testosterone responses to competition in men. Hormones and Behavior, 53(3), 475-481.
- Crewther, B. T., Lowe, T. E., & Ingram, J. R. (2008). Testosterone responses to competition in men. Hormones and Behavior, 53(3), 475-481.
- Ellison, P. T. (2020). Behavioral Endocrinology: Integrating mind and body. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 4(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.26613/esic.4.2.192
- Ellison, P. T. (2020). Behavioral Endocrinology: Integrating mind and body. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 4(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.26613/esic.4.2.192
- Elloumi, M., Makni, E., Moalla, W., Bouaziz, T., Tabka, Z., Lac, G., & Chamari, K. (2012). Monitoring training load and fatigue in Rugby Sevens players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34688
- Elloumi, M., Makni, E., Moalla, W., Bouaziz, T., Tabka, Z., Lac, G., & Chamari, K. (2012). Monitoring training load and fatigue in Rugby Sevens players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34688
- Filaire, E., Alix, D., Ferrand, C., & Verger, M. (2001). Psychophysiological stress in soccer players during competition. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(4), 523-529.
- Filaire, E., Alix, D., Ferrand, C., & Verger, M. (2001). Psychophysiological stress in soccer players during competition. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(4), 523-529.
- Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., Doleshal, P., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015
- Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., Doleshal, P., & Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015
- Gabbett, T. J., Kelly, J. N., & Sheppard, J. M. (2008). Speed, change of direction speed, and reactive agility of rugby league players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31815ef700
- Gabbett, T. J., Kelly, J. N., & Sheppard, J. M. (2008). Speed, change of direction speed, and reactive agility of rugby league players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31815ef700
- Goymann, W., & Wingfield, J. C. (2004). Allostatic load, social status and stress hormones: the costs of social status matter. Animal Behaviour, 67(3), 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.007
- Goymann, W., & Wingfield, J. C. (2004). Allostatic load, social status and stress hormones: the costs of social status matter. Animal Behaviour, 67(3), 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.007
- Hall, H. K., Kerr, A. W., & Matthews, J. (1998). Precompetitive anxiety in sport: the contribution of achievement goals and perfectionism. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(2), 194–217. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.2.194
- Hall, H. K., Kerr, A. W., & Matthews, J. (1998). Precompetitive anxiety in sport: the contribution of achievement goals and perfectionism. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(2), 194–217. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.2.194
- Jaggumantri, V. N. S. (2023). A personalized approach in clinical practice to identify goals and priorities of each individual patient : the personally meaningful outcomes-assessment process (PMO-AP). UBC Library Open Collections. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0438373
- Jaggumantri, V. N. S. (2023). A personalized approach in clinical practice to identify goals and priorities of each individual patient : the personally meaningful outcomes-assessment process (PMO-AP). UBC Library Open Collections. https://doi.org/10.14288/1.0438373
- Johansen, N., Hirschberg, A. L., & Moen, M. H. (2020). The role of testosterone in menopausal hormone treatment. What is the evidence? Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(8), 966–969. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13819
- Johansen, N., Hirschberg, A. L., & Moen, M. H. (2020). The role of testosterone in menopausal hormone treatment. What is the evidence? Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(8), 966–969. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13819
- Kim, D. H., Kim, J. H., & Park, K. J. (2023). The impact of regular exercise, competition experience, and physical self-efficacy on psychological resilience. Revista de Psicología del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 32(3), 1-19.
- Kim, D. H., Kim, J. H., & Park, K. J. (2023). The impact of regular exercise, competition experience, and physical self-efficacy on psychological resilience. Revista de Psicología del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 32(3), 1-19.
- Lane, A. M., & Terry, P. C. (2000). The Nature of Mood: Development of a Conceptual Model with a Focus on Depression. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200008404211
- Lane, A. M., & Terry, P. C. (2000). The Nature of Mood: Development of a Conceptual Model with a Focus on Depression. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200008404211
- Li, S. H., & Graham, B. M. (2017). Why are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma-related and stress-related disorders? The potential role of sex hormones. ˜the œLancet. Psychiatry, 4(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30358-3
- Li, S. H., & Graham, B. M. (2017). Why are women so vulnerable to anxiety, trauma-related and stress-related disorders? The potential role of sex hormones. ˜the œLancet. Psychiatry, 4(1), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30358-3
- Moreira, A., Arsati, F., Lima-Arsati, Y. B. O., de Freitas, C. G., & de Araújo, V. C. (2012). Salivary cortisol in basketball players: A preliminary study. Hormones and Behavior, 62(2), 113-118.
- Moreira, A., Arsati, F., Lima-Arsati, Y. B. O., de Freitas, C. G., & de Araújo, V. C. (2012). Salivary cortisol in basketball players: A preliminary study. Hormones and Behavior, 62(2), 113-118.
- Myers, J., Kaminsky, L. A., Lima, R., Christle, J. W., Ashley, E., & Arena, R. (2017). A Reference Equation for Normal Standards for VO 2 Max: Analysis from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND Registry). Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2017.03.002
- Myers, J., Kaminsky, L. A., Lima, R., Christle, J. W., Ashley, E., & Arena, R. (2017). A Reference Equation for Normal Standards for VO 2 Max: Analysis from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND Registry). Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2017.03.002
- Oliver, J. M., Kreutzer, A., Jenke, S. C., Phillips, M. D., Mitchell, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2013). Acute testosterone responses to different intensities of weightlifting exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(2), 282-288.
- Oliver, J. M., Kreutzer, A., Jenke, S. C., Phillips, M. D., Mitchell, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2013). Acute testosterone responses to different intensities of weightlifting exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(2), 282-288.
- Patel, D. R., Yamasaki, A., Brown, K., & Joppy, K. (2011). Cardiopulmonary fitness in children: A critical analysis. Sports Medicine, 41(4), 1-15.
- Patel, D. R., Yamasaki, A., Brown, K., & Joppy, K. (2011). Cardiopulmonary fitness in children: A critical analysis. Sports Medicine, 41(4), 1-15.
- Robazza, C., & Bortoli, L. (2007). Perceived impact of anger and anxiety on sporting performance in rugby players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(6), 875–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.005
- Robazza, C., & Bortoli, L. (2007). Perceived impact of anger and anxiety on sporting performance in rugby players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(6), 875–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.005
- Rohlfs, I. C., Rotta, T. M., Krebs, R. J., Carvalho, T., & De Farias, J. M. (2005). Influence of exercise on mood in triathletes. Psicologia em Estudo, 10(3), 363-370.
- Rohlfs, I. C., Rotta, T. M., Krebs, R. J., Carvalho, T., & De Farias, J. M. (2005). Influence of exercise on mood in triathletes. Psicologia em Estudo, 10(3), 363-370.
- Salvador, A., Suay, F., González-Bono, E., Sanchís, C., Martínez, M., & Simón, V. M. (2003). Relationships between testosterone, cortisol and performance in professional tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(11), 939-947.
- Salvador, A., Suay, F., González-Bono, E., Sanchís, C., Martínez, M., & Simón, V. M. (2003). Relationships between testosterone, cortisol and performance in professional tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(11), 939-947.
- Sim, J. E., Leota, J., Mascaro, L., Hoffman, D., & Facer-Childs, E. R. (2023). Sleep patterns before and after competition: A real-world examination of elite athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(22), 2014–2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2308960
- Sim, J. E., Leota, J., Mascaro, L., Hoffman, D., & Facer-Childs, E. R. (2023). Sleep patterns before and after competition: A real-world examination of elite athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(22), 2014–2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2308960
- Suay, F., Salvador, A., González-Bono, E., Sanchı́S, C., Martı́Nez, M., Martı́nez-Sanchis, S., Simón, V., & Montoro, J. (1999). Effects of competition and its outcome on serum testosterone, cortisol and prolactin. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 24(5), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00011-6
- Suay, F., Salvador, A., González-Bono, E., Sanchı́S, C., Martı́Nez, M., Martı́nez-Sanchis, S., Simón, V., & Montoro, J. (1999). Effects of competition and its outcome on serum testosterone, cortisol and prolactin. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 24(5), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00011-6
- Walsh, N. P. (2018). Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes. EJSS/European Journal of Sport Science, 18(6), 820–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1449895
- Walsh, N. P. (2018). Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes. EJSS/European Journal of Sport Science, 18(6), 820–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1449895
- Zeni, A. I., Hoffmann, F. F., & Rodrigues, A. (2011). Effects of a volleyball competition on the mood states of players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 13(1).
- Zeni, A. I., Hoffmann, F. F., & Rodrigues, A. (2011). Effects of a volleyball competition on the mood states of players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 13(1).
Cite this article
-
APA : Qasim, R., Tabassum, Y., & Din, B. M. u. (2024). Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams. Global Social Sciences Review, IX(II), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).06
-
CHICAGO : Qasim, Rida, Yasmeen Tabassum, and Badar Mohy ud Din. 2024. "Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams." Global Social Sciences Review, IX (II): 53-62 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).06
-
HARVARD : QASIM, R., TABASSUM, Y. & DIN, B. M. U. 2024. Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams. Global Social Sciences Review, IX, 53-62.
-
MHRA : Qasim, Rida, Yasmeen Tabassum, and Badar Mohy ud Din. 2024. "Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams." Global Social Sciences Review, IX: 53-62
-
MLA : Qasim, Rida, Yasmeen Tabassum, and Badar Mohy ud Din. "Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams." Global Social Sciences Review, IX.II (2024): 53-62 Print.
-
OXFORD : Qasim, Rida, Tabassum, Yasmeen, and Din, Badar Mohy ud (2024), "Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams", Global Social Sciences Review, IX (II), 53-62
-
TURABIAN : Qasim, Rida, Yasmeen Tabassum, and Badar Mohy ud Din. "Hormonal Influences on Mood: Examining Testosterone and Cortisol in University Male Basketball Teams." Global Social Sciences Review IX, no. II (2024): 53-62. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-II).06