SEARCH ARTICLE

24 Pages : 236-243

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).24      10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).24      Published : Jun 2022

Nasalization in the Urdu Language: Assimilation and Gemination Patterns of Words Having /n/ Phoneme

    This study aims to explore the assimilation and germination phenomenon of words having "/n/". The auto segment-al Theory of (Goldsmith,1976) is used as a theoretical framework. (Alkumet, 2020) have elaborated‘Auto segment-al theory that phonetics presentation is an aggregation of supra-segment-al parts of speech, which have some initial problem of how the multiple levels of sequences can be related or linked. This research shows that "/n/" in words having "/n/" and "/b/" combination at the word middle level tend to assimilate into "/m/", but the combination remains intact at word initial and final level and germination of "/n/" is speaker-dependent. Celata, Calamai, Ricci, and Bertini (2013) have manifested the role of style and placement of phoneme in a word is crucial for a sound to get assimilated. It has been elucidated that groups of people sharing the same cultural schema and level of education tend to speak differently.

    Nasalization, Assimilation, Gemination, Phoneme, Nasal Sound
    (1) Anam Shahid
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
    (2) Taiyyiba Bibi
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Mubashir Iqbal
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.

55 Pages : 629-634

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).55      10.31703/gssr.2023(VIII-II).55      Published : Jun 2023

Cultural Assimilation Leading to Third Space Identity: A Postcolonial Analysis of The Reluctant Fundamentalist

    The present paper analyzes the novel ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ (2007) from the postcolonial perspective in terms of Cultural Assimilation and Third Space Identity. Postcolonial theory features cultural hybridity and conflictive and conflated identities with a specific focus on theorists like Frantz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth’ (1961), Edward Said’s, ‘Orientalism’ (1978) and Homi K. Bhabha’s 8‘Location of Culture’(1994). In the postcolonial context, cultural assimilation refers to cultural domination where the dominant culture seeks to erase indigenous culture and identity, whereas the Third Space Identity is the in-between space where cultural identities are hybridized. In ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ Pakistani expatriate, Changes is filled to the brim with the issue of an identity crisis. After 9/11 he questions his American Dream when he experiences the prejudice of Americans against Muslims. The paper will explore the theme of identity consciousness and crisis that leads to hybridization in the selected text by applying postcolonial theory. The focus of the study will be on Cultural assimilation and Third Space identity and will examine ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ the in pre and post-9/11 literary and socio-political milieu.

    Cultural Assimilation, Third Space Identity, Postcolonial, 9/11
    (1) Muhammad Iqbal
    M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Umair Ahmed Khan
    Lecturer, Department of English, College of Tourism & Hotel Management, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Shozab Ali Raza Abbasi
    Lecturer, Department of English, The University of Layyah, Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan.