Green Marketing Strategies : Paradigms and Assessment
The current study also attempts to contribute significantly in this regard, as it attempts to map relationships between value systems and attitude towards green buying behavior. This study postulates that Environmental Value (EnV) forms the GA, which endorses CBB. After a careful literature review it has been revealed that very limited studies have attempted to map this relationship thread lending credence to the current study. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient achieved a value of 0 .275 0 significant at a P-value of 0.001*. The Cronbachs α value achieved for the EnV is 0.747 which is also significant, indicating that the overall results endorse the postulate of the current research that, EnV is also a principle variable other than CV to map CBB for the case of mapping green buying behavior
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Green Consumption values, Environmental Values, Attitude towards Green Products, Consumer Buying Behavior and Value Attitude Behavior Hierarchy Theory.
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(1) Adnan Jamil
Lecturer, Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Zia ur Rehman
Assistant Professor,Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Human Nature, Anarchy, and Hierarchy as Determining Factors of Realism
Realism is an important theory in International Relations that shapes the politics of the world. The main purpose of realism is to maximize gains and minimize losses. It is a common phenomenon that insecurity the balance of power never remains constant since self-help leads to a condition known as the security dilemma. Realists look at the states from two angles; states either a unitary actor or a hard shell of the black box. Most of the realists view human nature as a cause of war and conflict. They also see the state as negative with self-seeking interests and aggressiveness. Security is the key factor in international politics and is always based upon the power struggle among the nations. Anarchy and hierarchy are the two cardinal principles of realism. The former refers to the structure with no superior authority to dictate the inter-state relations while the latter describes the relations in terms of super-ordination and subordination. The prisoners dilemma provides a different choice for the solution of maximizing gains.
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Human Nature, Anarchy, Hierarchy, Realism, Prisoner's Dilemma
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(1) Muhammad Tariq
PhD in Political Science,Elementary & Secondary Education,Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Rizwan
Chairman,Department of Pakistan Studies,Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Manzoor Ahmad
Chairman,Department of Political Science,AWKUM, KP, Pakistan.