The history of leftist politics in NWFP (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) draws significantly less attention in scholarly and academic journals on national and international politics than other topics do. This was because of Pakistan's alliance with the US-led capitalist camp right after independence in 1947, which made it difficult for its leftist leaders to carry out their program. Throughout the Cold War era (1945-93) the leftist political parties in Pakistan in general and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular were incapable of consolidating their position in the post-colonial period and consequently remained marginalized in electoral politics. Despite severe state repression and cracks down, many of the notable leftist leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa continued to carry out their work. However, the list of these leaders is very long and could not be covered by a single research paper. Therefore, this study aims at highlighting the family background, biographies, and political achievements of only selected Six leftist leaders of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

This paper studies the Pan-Africanists in Africa. The main concern is to identify and draw the difference which exists between the Pan-Africanists of yesterday and those of today in the context of developing Africa. Through a socio-historical perspective, the study agrees that the Pan-Africanists of yesterday were radical and determined about the socio-economic and political progress of Africa because they needed both the liberation and unification of Africa whilst the Pan-Africanists of today are no longer determined about the immediate socio-economic and political progress of Africa, because they lack both the purpose and a revolutionary spirit in the struggle for Pan-Africanism. The paper recommends that Africa needs a new generation of Pan-African Revolutionaries who can have both a revolutionary spirit and a sense of solidarity and unity in the struggle for Pan-Africanism in Africa, as well as a new type of citizen, a dedicated, modest, honest, uncorrupted and informed man.

This study examines the profound impact of the American Revolutionary War on the literary landscape of the era, revealing that themes of isolation, rebelliousness, democracy, loss, and death became defining characteristics of the literature. Through the analysis of a few selected literary texts and drawing on existing research, this study aims to explore the impacts of the war on the literature and contribute to the current understanding of the period's literary heritage, providing evidence of how the war's tumultuous events shaped the creative expression of writers and influenced the broader literary canon. This study uses a directed qualitative content analysis approach, following the framework proposed by Hseih and Shannon, (2005). The study highlights the themes of the selected post-revolutionary war literature and proves that the literature is always affected by the scenario.