We estimate the public debt sustainability for 53 developing countries divided into different regions using data from 1996 to 2017. Sustainability of public debt calculation is based on theoretically derived models with necessary and sufficient conditions. Current study empirically validates the importance of least evident saving-investment gap along with other variables in public debt sustainability issue. Findings show that current account, fiscal account and saving-investment gap imbalances cause unsustainable public debt for all different regions which is a matter of great concern for each region. Policy makers of the developing countries must bring policies to promote investment activities backed by saving not by debt.

The province of Punjab is considered the breadbasket of Pakistan. This study is aimed to evaluate and hierarchicalize the districts of Punjab based on agricultural indicators. It follows a ranking approach that uses secondary cross-sectional data obtained from Punjab Development Statistics 2016. This study has employed Grey System Theory and used GRA. It is a seminal study that uses a unique methodology that has integrated thirteen different indicators of agricultural development in one mathematical model and assigned a distinct composite grade to every district. Findings revealed that district Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar have the highest Grey Relational Grade (GRG), hence depict the best agricultural performance in Punjab, whereas district Mianwali has the lowest GRG and accordingly least performance. This research provides insight to the policymakers, which will help them to take corrective measures and/or adjust the agricultural development policies

The current study investigates the student-teachers' sustainability consciousness in the Pakistan context. For this purpose, public sector universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region offering four years undergraduate teacher-education programs were selected. The population of the current study were all the 1259 student-teachers studying in these public sector universities. A total population sampling technique was utilized due to the limited number of student-teachers in these universities. Data were collected from 753 student-teachers on the sustainability consciousness questionnaire developed by Gericke et al. (2019). An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to ascertain any difference in student-teachers' sustainability consciousness based on their gender and semester of study. The results suggest that there was a significant difference in student-teachers environmental and social consciousness. However, no difference was found in the economic consciousness among the student-teachers.

Current and emerging trends in architectural education in Pakistan are changing locally and internationally, equally by environmental and socio- cultural factors. Especially with the current global trend towards more sustainability, Architectural education works to prepare its students for the current and future architectural practice. It has become critical aspect of Architectural education to raise awareness among future architects about the environmental impact of Architecture. In this context, promoting the term of “sustainable architectural education” has become a current trend globally. Consequently, the schools of architecture have integrated sustainability principles in their curricula, world wide. This shift raises key questions regarding the structural models and integration approaches used to incorporate sustainability education into architectural programs. The objectives of this paper is to examine the structural models adopted by selected schools of architecture in the city of Lahore and to assess the extent to which sustainability knowledge is emphasized within their curricula.

The paper explores Lahore's rapid urbanization and its effects on social cohesion and sustainability. Nearly 38% of Pakistan's population lives in cities, urban expansion has led to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and declining living conditions. This study categorizes Lahore's urban forms based on physical traits like street layout and building density, analyzing their influence on residents' lifestyles and sustainability. The research highlights how Lahore's development has created isolated neighborhoods, reduced social interactions, and weakened social capital. It emphasizes the need for planners to create inclusive, community-driven spaces. By classifying different urban typologies and assessing their spatial, social, and economic characteristics, the study examines their impact on community sustainability. It focuses on the connection between urban planning and social cohesion, offering insights for future urban policies. Ultimately, the research aims to promote a more integrated and sustainable urban environment in Lahore, ensuring better living conditions and stronger community ties.