A Critical Analysis of the Eurocentric Dimensions of Ghose's Aesthetic Views
The present article has attempted to discuss the essential Eurocentrism of the Anglophone Pakistani writer Zulfikar Ghose that has shaped his subjective identity as well as literary outlook. The argument has used Frantz Fanon's theorization about the colonized intellectual whose exposure to foreign culture engenders anxiety and eventually becomes a precondition for his cognitive maturation. However, reading Ghose's prose, we find no traces of any such conflict in his subjective and artistic expression as he chooses to call himself a native-alien with an ambivalence which, turns many times, into an alienation, even outright rejection of his native identity as an Indian-Pakistani. The article concludes that instead of coming to terms with his native subjectivity, Ghose's voice remains Eurocentric as it is predominantly based on an explicit admiration and identification with the dominant English culture and his simultaneous distance from his native culture and its historical memory.
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Assimilation, Colonized Intellectual, Eurocentrism, Native-Alien
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(1) Asma Aftab
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Nasalization in the Urdu Language: Assimilation and Gemination Patterns of Words Having /n/ Phoneme
This study aims to explore the assimilation and germination phenomenon of words having "/n/". The auto segment-al Theory of (Goldsmith,1976) is used as a theoretical framework. (Alkumet, 2020) have elaborated‘Auto segment-al theory that phonetics presentation is an aggregation of supra-segment-al parts of speech, which have some initial problem of how the multiple levels of sequences can be related or linked. This research shows that "/n/" in words having "/n/" and "/b/" combination at the word middle level tend to assimilate into "/m/", but the combination remains intact at word initial and final level and germination of "/n/" is speaker-dependent. Celata, Calamai, Ricci, and Bertini (2013) have manifested the role of style and placement of phoneme in a word is crucial for a sound to get assimilated. It has been elucidated that groups of people sharing the same cultural schema and level of education tend to speak differently.
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Nasalization, Assimilation, Gemination, Phoneme, Nasal Sound
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(1) Anam Shahid
MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan
(2) Taiyyiba Bibi
MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Mubashir Iqbal
Lecturer, Department of English, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan.
Problems in Assimilation of English Words for Undergraduate Level Students in Hazara University
This present study has focused on the problems in the assimilation of English words for undergraduates in Hazara University. A survey descriptive design was used to collect data from fifty undergraduates selected through convenient-non probability sampling technique who were asked to comprehend the assimilation process in certain words in the selected clips from English movies. To measure the problems in assimilation for the students, the students were asked to reproduce the same speech. The statistical analysis of the data shows that undergraduates did not have any major issues in the comprehension of the assimilated sounds in English words as they identified the assimilated sounds from the available lexical items and the speech context itself. The findings of the study show that students had fewer issues regarding the comprehension of the assimilated speech by native speakers than the issues they had while reproducing the same speech in spoken form themselves. In light of the findings of the study, it is suggested that due attention should be given to speaking skills in order to eliminate issues of assimilation in connected speech.
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Assimilation, English Phonemes/Words, Undergraduate Students, Comprehension, Production
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(1) Tariq Ullah
M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Shahabullah
ecturer, Department of English, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Arif Khan
M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
Cultural Assimilation Leading to Third Space Identity: A Postcolonial Analysis of The Reluctant Fundamentalist
The present paper analyzes the novel ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ (2007) from the postcolonial perspective in terms of Cultural Assimilation and Third Space Identity. Postcolonial theory features cultural hybridity and conflictive and conflated identities with a specific focus on theorists like Frantz Fanon’s ‘The Wretched of the Earth’ (1961), Edward Said’s, ‘Orientalism’ (1978) and Homi K. Bhabha’s 8‘Location of Culture’(1994). In the postcolonial context, cultural assimilation refers to cultural domination where the dominant culture seeks to erase indigenous culture and identity, whereas the Third Space Identity is the in-between space where cultural identities are hybridized. In ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ Pakistani expatriate, Changes is filled to the brim with the issue of an identity crisis. After 9/11 he questions his American Dream when he experiences the prejudice of Americans against Muslims. The paper will explore the theme of identity consciousness and crisis that leads to hybridization in the selected text by applying postcolonial theory. The focus of the study will be on Cultural assimilation and Third Space identity and will examine ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’ the in pre and post-9/11 literary and socio-political milieu.
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Cultural Assimilation, Third Space Identity, Postcolonial, 9/11
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(1) Muhammad Iqbal
M.Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Northern University, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Umair Ahmed Khan
Lecturer, Department of English, College of Tourism & Hotel Management, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Shozab Ali Raza Abbasi
Lecturer, Department of English, The University of Layyah, Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan.