Popularizing Islamophobia: Dissemination of Pakophobic Myths in I am Malala
By admitting Islamophobia as an urgent issue, recent Western scholarship attends to theidentification of causes responsible for the continuous surge in anti-Muslim sentiment since 9/11.Yet these discourses tend to be less attentive to the damaging effects of the wild proliferation of "oppressed Muslim women narratives" -which is a recognizable subgenre of first-person narratives within Western readingcircles. The dominant tendency of considering these narratives as authentic ethnographic representations of the Muslim world is required to be acknowledged as a significant contributoryfactor to the spread of Islamophobia. As a justification, this paper pointsout ethnographic generalizations as testimonials to the propagation of Islamophobic myths in I am Malala. Utilizing Kumar's idea of Islamophobicmyths as the selective narration of traditional, incorrect and selectivehistorical and cultural happenings of the Muslim world, this paperconcludes that Malala's narrative justifies imperial intervention in Afghanistan -Pakistan. Orientalized recounting of women's oppressionand acceptance of liberal ideals of Western modernity and femininityprojected by this narrative causes Pakophobia- a new variant ofIslamophobia.
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Islamophobia, Pakophobia, Oppressed Muslim Women Narratives
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(1) Aisha Jadoon
Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Kanwal Zahra
Assistant Professor, Centre for Languages and Translation Studies, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
Islamophobia: An Impediment for Freedom of Religion and Harmonious Co- Existence in Pluralistic Societies
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other international legal instruments provide freedom of religion to individuals and communities globally. Therefore, all the nations of the world agree to allow and respect the relevant religious practices for the followers of any particular religion. By virtue of its teachings and values,Islam was found as a religion of peace and harmony. But unfortunately, since the last two decades, especially after 9/11, the sentiments of Islamophobia have been rising. The existing literature shows the emerging Islamophobia is causing victimization of Muslims all over the world and particularly in the west, which is escalating with the passage of time. This victimization has created feelings of hatred among the various communities and has an impact on global peace. This study analyses the factors that lead to Islamophobia and its implication on the harmonious co-existence of societies.
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Islamophobia, Religion, Minority, Peace, Humanity, Freedom, Societies
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(1) Unsa Jamshed
Assistant Professor, Department of History And Pakistan Studies, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan.
(2) Amar Jahangir
PhD Scholar, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Syed Mudasser Fida Gerdazi
Assistant Professor, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
Islamophobia in West: An Analytical Study
Islamophobia is the term used to refer to the discrimination against the one who practices Islam, called Muslims. It is the combination of many things that includes dislike, terror, and prejudice towards the things that are part of the Muslim religion, including Holy places where they worship, the Hijab, The Holy Book Quran, etc. Aggressive and hateful behavior is shown towards Muslims by burning their holy places, banning the Hijab, and badmouthing about the Prophet or something very dear to Muslims. The name Islam has linked up with the worst perception of unsafe, violence,terrorism, and tough religion with many boundaries by the stereotypes, and they are considered as some kind of inhuman from another earth. The research is qualitative, based on document analysis and the review of previously published material related to the relevant theme. It finds that there are several challenges faced by Muslims in the Western world and now the concept is on the rise with the negative use of media around the world.
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Islamophobia, Anti-Islam, Western Media, Hate Speech
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(1) Shahnawaz Muhammad Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Arif Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
(3) Bakhtiar Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.