01 Pages : 1-7
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01 Published : Dec 2019Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know
Globalization is the instrument of disintegration and weakening of nations through a vast network of transnational companies and their monopoly on global markets that destabilize a nations economy by enhancing the interdependence of the countries and weakening the nation-states grip over its geographical borders. Rahman in his novel In the Light of What We Know (2014) shows Afghanistan as a victim of tripartite – economic, cultural, political – globalization. Using Spencer & Wollmans (2002), Appadurais (2005) and Giddens (1990) critique and analyses of globalization, this study explores how Afghanistan has been gripped by the forces of globalization. Raemdoncks (2013) conceptualization of three dimensional global games of chess – great game, little game, and domestic game – being played by America, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, ISI and NGOs in Afghanistan chalks out the American designs of getting access to the oil and gas reservoirs in Afghanistan and Central Asian states.
-
(1) Atta-ul Mustafa
PhD Scholar, English Literature, Department of English, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Ghulam Murtaza
Associate Professor, Department of English,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Shaheena Bhatti
Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Acker, J. (1988). Class, gender, and the relations of distribution. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 13(3): 473-497.
- Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organisations. Gender & Society, 4(2), 139-158
- Ali, T. (2002). The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads, and Modernity. Brooklyn, NY: Verso
- Appadurai, A. (2005). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (3rd ed.) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Blank, S. (2007). SCO: Identity in Crisis. International Relations and Security Network, August 13, available online, (accessed 18 July, 2018) http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?id=53626
- Brunnyate, R. (2016). Roger Brunyate's review of In the Light of What We Know
- Coll, S. (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. London, England: Penguin
- Connell, Liam and Marsh, Nicky. (2011). Literature and Globalization: A Reader. Routledge; Taylor & Francis Group, London.
- Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. London, England: Penguin UK.
- Geogantzas, N. C., Katsamakas, E., & Solowiej, D. (1984). Giddens' globalization: Exploring dynamic implications.
- Giddens, A. (2007). Europe in the Global Age. Polity Press: Cambridge, UK.
- Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Sanford University Press.
- Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2000).
- Harvey, D. (2006). Neo-Liberalism as Creative Destruction. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 88(2), 145-158. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3878384
- Harvey, D. (1990). 'Time-Space Compression' by David Harvey. Retrieved July 9, 2019,
- Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999, April 1). Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, and Culture. Retrieved from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:hdrc8MI3iKcJ:https://www.amazon.com/Glob al-Transformations-Politics-Economics-Culture/dp/0804736278
- Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999, April 1). Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, and Culture. Retrieved from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:hdrc8MI3iKcJ:https://www.amazon.com/Glob al-Transformations-Politics-Economics-Culture/dp/0804736278
- Ho, J. (2019, April 16). Nationalism and Globalization in Contemporary Anglophone Fiction - Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature. In Oxford Research Encyclopedias. Retrieved from https://oxfordre.com/literature/view/10.1093/
- Howe, S. (2002). Empire: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, England: OUP Oxford.
- Huntington, S. P. (1997). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New Delhi: Penguin Books.
- Kamruzzan, M. (2017). Tracing Nationalism in Zia Haider Rahman's In The Light of What We Know and Monica Ali's Brick Lane (Master's thesis, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh).
- Khan, G. A. (2010). Globalization and Pakistan Some Realities. Retrieved from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8h6StAQBEK0J:https://pdfs.semanticscholar.o rg/babc/2862665ab6af71f388b05918b6bd3e2a1842.pdf
- Naqvi, H.M. (2010). Home Boy. Harper Collins Publishers, India.
- Rahman, Z. H. (2014) In The Light of What We Know. Farrar, Straus and Giroux: NY.
- Rashid, A. (2000). Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale
- Sklair, L. (2002). Globalization: Capitalism and Its Alternatives. 3rd Edition. Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:D8x3IKNNsJQJ:www.herget.co/tue215/america-s-war-on-terror-2nd edition.pdf
- Spencer, P., & Wollman, H. (2002). Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
- Tolan, F., Morton, S., Valassopoulos, A., & Spencer, R. (2013). Literature, Migration and the 'War on Terror'. London, England: Routledge.
- University Press, USA.
- Watson, R. P., Covarrubias, J., Lansford, T., & Van Raemdonck, D. C. (2013). Three Dimensional Chess: An Analysis of the Circumstances of Terrorism in Central and South Asia. In America's War on Terror (2nd ed., pp. 183-205). Retrieved from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:1SjxQuilOo4J:https://www.routledge.com /Americas-War-on-Terror-2nd-Edition/Watson Lansford/p/book/9780754677857
- Wood, J. D. (2014). The World As We Know It: Zia Haider Rahman's dazzling début. Rev. of In the Light of What We Know, by Z. H. Rahman. The New Yorker.
Cite this article
-
APA : Mustafa, A., Murtaza, G., & Bhatti, S. (2019). Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(IV), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01
-
CHICAGO : Mustafa, Atta-ul, Ghulam Murtaza, and Shaheena Bhatti. 2019. "Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (IV): 1-7 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01
-
HARVARD : MUSTAFA, A., MURTAZA, G. & BHATTI, S. 2019. Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 1-7.
-
MHRA : Mustafa, Atta-ul, Ghulam Murtaza, and Shaheena Bhatti. 2019. "Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 1-7
-
MLA : Mustafa, Atta-ul, Ghulam Murtaza, and Shaheena Bhatti. "Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.IV (2019): 1-7 Print.
-
OXFORD : Mustafa, Atta-ul, Murtaza, Ghulam, and Bhatti, Shaheena (2019), "Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (IV), 1-7
-
TURABIAN : Mustafa, Atta-ul, Ghulam Murtaza, and Shaheena Bhatti. "Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. IV (2019): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01