US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)
This paper attempts to explore the level of variations in the pattern of foreign policies of Pakistan and China to US Afghan strategy. To investigate this question, the paper examines US strategy in Afghanistan. The current administration under Trump and announcement of China Pakistan Economic Corridor further complicated the US presence in Afghanistan. The study analyses the factors that are responsible for differences between Pakistani and Chinese stance. About the results, China's response was an outcome of their foreign policy principles, that is not to indulge in direct clash with the US and Western world. The interests of China in Afghanistan are linked to that of Pakistan, South and Central Asia. China does not want to wage unilateral talks with Taliban at the cost of Pakistan's interests. While on the other hand, post 9/11 2001, Pakistan could not resist the pressure of US policies in Afghanistan because it was heavily dependent on the US, economically, militarily, politically and diplomatically. The respective Political structure and culture; their foreign policy priorities, goals, and tradition; perception of threat and resulting priorities; political and economic dependence; location, policy options and decision-making and professional capabilities of decision making were jointly responsible for their differences.
-
(1) Ijaz Khalid
Demonstrator & PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
(2) Bushra Qureshi
MPhil Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan
(3) Shazia Hassan
Assistant Professor, LMS Department, Faculty of Contemporary Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Bew, J. (2013). Talking to the Taliban: Hope over History? International Centre for the Study of Radicalization, 5.
- Burrough, M. A. (2009).
- Choudhry, W. S. (2012). Pak-US Relations In 21st Century: Challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Berkeley Journal of Social Sciences, 1.
- Conetta, C. (2002). Strange Victory: A critical appraisal of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Afghanistan war. Project on Defense Alternatives, Commonwealth Institute.
- Cronin, A. K. (2010). The evolution of counterterrorism: will tactics trump strategy? international Affairs, 823-834.
- Dale, C. (2011). War in Afghanistan: Strategy, Operations, and Issues for Congress. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE., 12-45.
- Fishburn, P. (1972).
- Garrison, J. A. (2003).
- Haider, J. (2014). Pakistan demands end to US drone strikes. National, 3.
- Innocent, M. &. (2009). Escaping the'Graveyard of Empires': A Strategy to Exit Afghanistan. Carnegie Report,, 12-46.
- Jabeen, M. (2010). Trends and Challenges in Pak-US Relations: Post September 11. South Asian Studies, 5.
- Jabeen, M. (2012). Developments in Pak-China Strategic Alliances.
- Jacob, D. J. (2013). The Future of China-Pakistan Relations after Osama bin Laden . Future Directions International.
- Jan, A. U. (2006). Afghanistan: The Genesis of the Final Crusade. Ottawa: Pragmatic Publishing,.
- John, B. (2013). Talking to the Taliban: Hope over History? International Centre for the Study of Radicalization.
- Jones, S. G. (2009). US Strategy in Afghanistan. RAND
- K.Katzman. (2010). Afghanistan: Post taliban Governence, Security and US Policy. . Diane Publishing
- Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1982).
- khan, H. (2009). Chinese Foreign Policy: An Overview. Strategic Studies, 4.
- Khokhar, A. Y. (2012). Operation Neptune Spear; a watershed in the war against terrorism. Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, 3.
- Kohl, W. L. (1975).
- Koni, H. (2010).
- Lansford, T. (2009). America's War on Terror. Ashgate Publisher
- Markman, K., & Philip, T. (2000).
- McDermott, R. (2004). Political Psychology in International Relations. Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Press.
- Muale, A. J., & Andrade, I. (1997).
- Niloofar, Q. (2013). Why is China silent on US drone strikes in Pakistan? Ground Report.
- Office, S. F. (2006). Anthony H. Cordesman,
- Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. (1993). The Adaptive Decision Maker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Perl, R. F. (2001). Terrorism, the future, and US foreign policy. Congressional Research Service ( Washington DC, Library of Congress.
- Perl, R. F. (2001). Terrorism, the Future, and US Foreign Policy. Congressional Research Service Washington DC.
- Qureshi, N. (2013). Why is China silent on US drone strikes in Pakistan? Ground Report.
- Sarwar, N. (2009). Us Drone Attacks inside Pakistan Territory: UN Charter. Reflections.
- Shah, S. A. (2010).
- Shahnaz, A. (2102). Dynamics of USA-Pakistan Relations in the Post 9/11 Period: Hurdles and Future. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5.
- Sheikh, M. K. (2013). Taliban talks past, present and prospects for the US, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Danish Institute for International Studies.
- Szonyi, M. (2002). The Effects of September 11 and Its Aftermath on China, and The Chinese Response. Archived: Commentary , 2.
- T. Lansford, R. P. (2009). America's war on terror. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd
- Vertzberger, Y. (1990). The World in their Minds: Information Processing, Cognition, and Perception in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Stanford: CA: Stanford University Press.
- Yang, J., & Siddiqi, R. A. (2011). About an 'All-Weather'Relationship: security foundations of Sino-Pakistan relations since 9/11. . Journal of Contemporary China, 20(71),.
- Yousaf, A. (2012). Operation Neptune Spear: A watershed in the war against terrorism. Strategic Studies.
- Yousaf, S. (2012). Afghanistan's reconstruction and the international community: Post-9/11 scenario. Strategic Studies.
- Yousaf.S. (2012). Afghanistan's reconstruction and the international community: Post-9/11 scenario. Strategic Studies, 32.
- Zyck, S. A. (2002). The Role of China in Afghanistan's Economic Development & Reconstruction. Civil-Military Center-Report on Afghanistan in International.
Cite this article
-
APA : Khalid, I., Qureshi, B., & Hassan, S. (2017). US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017). Global Social Sciences Review, II(II), 68-84. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).04
-
CHICAGO : Khalid, Ijaz, Bushra Qureshi, and Shazia Hassan. 2017. "US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)." Global Social Sciences Review, II (II): 68-84 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).04
-
HARVARD : KHALID, I., QURESHI, B. & HASSAN, S. 2017. US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017). Global Social Sciences Review, II, 68-84.
-
MHRA : Khalid, Ijaz, Bushra Qureshi, and Shazia Hassan. 2017. "US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)." Global Social Sciences Review, II: 68-84
-
MLA : Khalid, Ijaz, Bushra Qureshi, and Shazia Hassan. "US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)." Global Social Sciences Review, II.II (2017): 68-84 Print.
-
OXFORD : Khalid, Ijaz, Qureshi, Bushra, and Hassan, Shazia (2017), "US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)", Global Social Sciences Review, II (II), 68-84
-
TURABIAN : Khalid, Ijaz, Bushra Qureshi, and Shazia Hassan. "US Afghan Strategy: Policy Responses of China and Pakistan (2001-2017)." Global Social Sciences Review II, no. II (2017): 68-84. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).04