ARTICLE

EXPLORING THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TRANSGENDER IN HAZARA DIVISION OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

17 Pages : 170-178

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).17      10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).17      Published : Sep 2024

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

    This study aimed to study the social exclusion of transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The study used qualitative research method in which data was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 respondents in the selected locales. The collected data was thematically analyzed and the results suggest that transgender face social exclusion which further exacerbates the vicious circle of discrimination, harassment, and violence from the broader society. It is concluded from the study that due to complex and debatable nature of the issue and the discriminative behavior of society toward transgender leads towards their sexual victimization, stigma, sexual abuse and violence. It is recommended that that the existing laws and policies regarding physical and sexual violence against transgender may be reassessed and to take concrete policy measures to ensure the mainstreaming of transgender in society.

    (1) Shoukat Nawaz
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Khalil ur Rahman
    Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Khalid Ahmed
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Sociology, Hazara University Mansehra, KP, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Abdullah, M. A., Basharat, Z., Kamal, B., Sattar, N. Y., Hassan, Z. F., Jan, A. D., & Shafqat, A. (2012). Is social exclusion pushing the Pakistani Hijras (Transgenders) towards commercial sex work? A qualitative study. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698x-12-32

  • Agrawal, S. (2016). Transgender community-They are neither a sin, nor a choice: An analysis. Indian Social Science Journal, 5(1), 47-59.
  • Ahmed, U. (2014). Factors affecting the social exclusion of Eunuchs (Hijras) in Pakistan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2277
  • Ali, A., Rizwan, D., Muhammad, D., Adil, D., & Siddiqui, H. A. (2022). The story of Transgender Community in Hazara Division. Journal of Positive School of Psychology, 6(8), 3807-3812.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • American Psychological Association. (2023). Transgender people, gender identity and gender expression, 2019. https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender
  • Barboza, G. E., Dominguez, S., & Chace, E. (2016). Physical victimization, gender identity and suicide risk among transgender men and women. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4, 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.08.003
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Carter, D. (2004). Stonewall: The riots that sparked the gay revolution. St. Martin's Press.
  • Cowan, S. (2005). “Gender is No Substitute for Sex”: A Comparative Human Rights Analysis of the Legal Regulation of Sexual Identity. Feminist Legal Studies, 13(1), 67–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10691-005-1457-2
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Davis, T., & Wilson, J. M. (2016). Gender Schema Theory. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss655
  • Grant, J. M., PhD, Motter, L. A., JD, & Tanis, J. D. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp014j03d232p
  • Hird, M. J. (2002). For a sociology of transsexualism. Sociology, 36(3), 577–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038502036003005
  • Hossain, A. (2017). The paradox of recognition: hijra, third gender and sexual rights in Bangladesh. Culture Health & Sexuality, 19(12), 1418–1431. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1317831
  • Jordan, K. M. (2000). Substance abuse among gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents. School Psychology Review, 29(2), 201–206.
  • Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (Eds.). (2010). Social support and mental health in community samples. Academic Press.
  • Kurian, M., & Manoj, G. (2021). Transgenders in the mainstream: welfare schemes in Kerala—Kochi Metro rail project, education programme, health clinics, and Old-Age pension. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 28(2), 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971521521997961
  • Ming, L. C., Hadi, M. A., & Khan, T. M. (2016). Transgender health in India and Pakistan. The Lancet, 388(10060), 2601–2602. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32222-x
  • Reddy, G. (2005). With respect to sex. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226707549.001.0001
  • Roscoe, W. (1991). The Zuni man-woman. University of New Mexico Press.
  • Shah, H. B. U., Rashid, F., Atif, I., Hydrie, M. Z., Fawad, M. W. B., Muzaffar, H. Z., Rehman, A., Anjum, S., Mehroz, M. B., Haider, A., Hassan, A., & Shukar, H. (2018). Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in Pakistan. Pan African Medical Journal, 30. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.30.96.12818
  • Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method, and research. Sage Publications.
  • Stotzer, R. L. (2009). Violence against transgender people: A review of United States data. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(3), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2009.01.006
  • Testa, R. J., Habarth, J., Peta, J., Balsam, K., & Bockting, W. (2014). Development of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000081
  • Testa, R. J., Sciacca, L. M., Wang, F., Hendricks, M. L., Goldblum, P., Bradford, J., & Bongar, B. (2012). Effects of violence on transgender people. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 43(5), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029604
  • Tolentino, R. B. (2000). Transvestites and transgressions. Journal of Homosexuality, 39(3–4), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1300/j082v39n03_17
  • Van Borsel, J., De Cuypere, G., & Van Den Berghe, H. (2001). Physical appearance and voice in Male-To-Female transsexuals. Journal of Voice, 15(4), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(01)00059-5
  • Waheed, Z. (2019, December 20). Legal recognition of gender identity and sexual rights: The voices of Khwaja Saras in Pakistan. Social Justice Perspectives (SJP). http://hdl.handle.net/2105/51401
  • Winter, S. (2018). The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care, 7th version. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231-232.
  • Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Nawaz, S., Rahman, K. u., & Ahmed, K. (2024). Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IX(III), 170-178. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).17

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Nawaz, Shoukat, Khalil ur Rahman, and Khalid Ahmed. 2024. "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, IX (III): 170-178 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).17

HARVARD

    HARVARD : NAWAZ, S., RAHMAN, K. U. & AHMED, K. 2024. Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IX, 170-178.

MHRA

    MHRA : Nawaz, Shoukat, Khalil ur Rahman, and Khalid Ahmed. 2024. "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, IX: 170-178

MLA

    MLA : Nawaz, Shoukat, Khalil ur Rahman, and Khalid Ahmed. "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review, IX.III (2024): 170-178 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Nawaz, Shoukat, Rahman, Khalil ur, and Ahmed, Khalid (2024), "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan", Global Social Sciences Review, IX (III), 170-178

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Nawaz, Shoukat, Khalil ur Rahman, and Khalid Ahmed. "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review IX, no. III (2024): 170-178. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2024(IX-III).17