India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04      10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04      Published : Jun 2026
Authored by : Zainab , Ghulam Mustafa , Bisma Waseem

04 Pages : 38-52

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04      10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04      Published : Jun 2026

India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century

Abstract

    In a 21st-century scenario, the Pakistan-Iran equation is becoming more and more influenced by the regional and global dynamics, and India is an important strategic partner. The study discusses the evolving Indian relations with Iran with a particular emphasis on geopolitical competition, energy security, economic cooperation, and regional integration. The Indian involvement in the Chabahar Port project and its broader geopolitical drive in Afghanistan and Central Asia is covered in detail. It examines Pakistan's perception of India's rising influence in Iran and its impact on the bilateral relations and regional security between Iran and Pakistan. It also underscores Iran's policy of balancing the defence of national interests with maintaining good relations with two South Asian competitors.

    (1) Zainab
    M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Ghulam Mustafa
    Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Bisma Waseem
    M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Zainab., Mustafa, G., & Waseem, B. (2026). India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century. <i>Global Social Sciences Review, XI(II)</i>, 38-52. <a href='https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04'>https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04</a>

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Zainab, , Ghulam Mustafa, and Bisma Waseem. 2026. "India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century." <i>Global Social Sciences Review</i>, XI (II): 38-52 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ZAINAB., MUSTAFA, G. & WASEEM, B. 2026. India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century. <i>Global Social Sciences Review</i>, XI, 38-52.

MHRA

    MHRA : Zainab, , Ghulam Mustafa, and Bisma Waseem. 2026. "India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century." <i>Global Social Sciences Review</i>, XI: 38-52

MLA

    MLA : Zainab, , Ghulam Mustafa, and Bisma Waseem. "India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century." <i>Global Social Sciences Review</i>, XI.II (2026): 38-52 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Zainab, , Mustafa, Ghulam, and Waseem, Bisma (2026), "India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century", <i>Global Social Sciences Review</i>, XI (II), 38-52

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Zainab, , Ghulam Mustafa, and Bisma Waseem. "India as a Factor in Pakistan-Iran Relations in the 21st Century." <i>Global Social Sciences Review</i> XI, no. II (2026): 38-52. <a href='https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04'>https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2026(XI-II).04</a>