ARTICLE

STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF WATERMILLS IN THE SWAT VALLEY

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

25 Pages : 237-245

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).25      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).25      Published : Sep 2020

Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley

Abstract

    The paper deals with the architecture and function of watermills in Swat valley. Watermill is a seldom-used term; however, it has played a significant role in the socio-cultural and economic lives of people in the past. This research work explores the case study of water mills in the Swat region. It examined in detail its processing and operation. The watermill was not only an instrument used for grinding purposes but also determined the mode of production, class system and social values of people. Modern technology has though changed people's behaviors and social formations up to a large extent, but it couldn't erase people's memories and history. A qualitative method has been used for conducting this research work. An ethnic-archaeological method was focused on recording the history of this tremendous ancient technology which contributed widely to the socio-cultural context of people.

    (1) Faisal Khan
    Visiting lecturer, University of Swat, Mingora, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Junaid Babar
    Lecturer, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
    (3) Zahir Hussain
    MPhil, Quaid Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Ahmed, A. S. (1976). Millennium and Charisma Among Pathans: A Critical Essay in Social Anthropology, University college of London
  • Balala, A. Q. (2000). The Charming Swat. Maqsood Press Lahore
  • Barth, F. (1959) Political Leadership Among Swat Pathans: London Athlone press.
  • Hay, W.R. (1934) The Yusufzai: State of Swat, The Geographical Journal, 84 (3): 236-246.
  • Honigmann, J. John (1961) The Swat Pathans: Anthropos, 56 (6). 941-946.
  • Lindholm, C. (1986) Leadership Categories and Social Processes in Islam: The Cases of Dir and Swat, Journal of Anthropological Research, 42 (1): 1-13.
  • Lindholm, C. (1996) Frontier Perspectives: Karachi, Oxford University Press.
  • Louis Dupree, F. at all. (1977) On Two Views of the Swat Pushtun: Current Anthropology, Chicago university Press.18 (3): 514-518.
  • Mac, A. R. (1856) Ancient water-mills: Ulster Archaeological society, 4: 6-15.
  • Meeker, M. E. (1980) The Twilight of a South Asian Heroic Age: A Rereading of Bart's Study of Swat, Man New Series 15(4): 682-701.
  • Naqvi, R. (2009) Swat Valley: History, Mount Holyoke college.
  • Olivieri, L. M. & Massimo, V. (2006) Archaeology and Settlement History in a Test Area of the Swat Valley: East and West, 56 (1-3).
  • Paine, R. (1982) The Stamp of Swat: A brief Ethnography of Some of the Writings of Fredrik Barth, Man New Series, 17(2): 328-339.
  • Reza, M. et al. (2010) Traditional Architectural of Iranian Water Mills in Reference to Historical Document and the Case Study: Asian culture and history, University of Tarbiat Modares, 2 (2): 243-256.
  • Rome, S (2008) Swat State: From Genesis to Merger, Oxford University Press, Karachi.
  • Roos, P. (1988) Watermills in Urartu: East and West, 38 (1-4): 11-21.
  • Tucci, G. (1958) Preliminary Report on an Archaeological Survey in Swat: East and West, 9 (4): 279- 328.
  • Tusa, (1986) The Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan: East and West, 36 (4): 473-511.
  • Wilson, A. I. (2002) Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy, Journal of Roman Studies.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Khan, F., Babar, J., & Hussain, Z. (2020). Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley. Global Social Sciences Review, V(III), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).25

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khan, Faisal, Junaid Babar, and Zahir Hussain. 2020. "Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley." Global Social Sciences Review, V (III): 237-245 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).25

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHAN, F., BABAR, J. & HUSSAIN, Z. 2020. Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley. Global Social Sciences Review, V, 237-245.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khan, Faisal, Junaid Babar, and Zahir Hussain. 2020. "Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley." Global Social Sciences Review, V: 237-245

MLA

    MLA : Khan, Faisal, Junaid Babar, and Zahir Hussain. "Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley." Global Social Sciences Review, V.III (2020): 237-245 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khan, Faisal, Babar, Junaid, and Hussain, Zahir (2020), "Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley", Global Social Sciences Review, V (III), 237-245

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khan, Faisal, Junaid Babar, and Zahir Hussain. "Structure, Function and Historical Importance of Watermills in the Swat Valley." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. III (2020): 237-245. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-III).25