The purpose of this research paper is to examine the Impact of Religious Tourism on the development 'smokeless industry' that has the potential of igniting significant economic activity, thus creating employment,generating investment, and reducing poverty. The present study is descriptive in nature. Data were collected in view of facts reported in the secondary sources, including news items, national and international reports on tourism,books, journals as well as information gathered from interaction with the local people. The present study not only underscore the prospective implications of religious tourism in the country but also explores the challenges pervading the religious tourism sector in Pakistan. The findings of the present research paper indicate the below-par performance of concerned agencies was the main hindrance to promote tourism in Pakistan. Moreover, the key issues are non-development and maintenance of tourist spots, negative projection of security situation, visa restrictions, inadequate infrastructure, sub-standard transportation, and poor health services, which are badly affected religious tourism. This research paper will be assisted the policymakers in improving travel procedures and providing safety and security to the tourists in Pakistan.

The current study investigates the student-teachers' sustainability consciousness in the Pakistan context. For this purpose, public sector universities in Rawalpindi and Islamabad region offering four years undergraduate teacher-education programs were selected. The population of the current study were all the 1259 student-teachers studying in these public sector universities. A total population sampling technique was utilized due to the limited number of student-teachers in these universities. Data were collected from 753 student-teachers on the sustainability consciousness questionnaire developed by Gericke et al. (2019). An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to ascertain any difference in student-teachers' sustainability consciousness based on their gender and semester of study. The results suggest that there was a significant difference in student-teachers environmental and social consciousness. However, no difference was found in the economic consciousness among the student-teachers.

Competition and complexity have increased many folds in professional arenas. The world is now becoming more integrated. However,the trend of personal success is gaining more importance in our lives. The process of Personal Branding is similar to Celebrity Branding. Professionals use it as a tool for creating an intended professional image and enhancing career success. There have been books and research on Personal Development,self-improvement, and personal management since 1960. However, Personal Branding is differentiated from regular branding practices as it focuses on personal strengths and talents. It helps the professionals to differentiate themselves from their competitors and achieve intended professional goals.Personal Branding is not synonymous with becoming famous or acquiring celebrity status. Instead, it focuses on building a reputation as a professional and creating a positive image for the relevant target audience.

Start-upbehaviourisakeyresourceforentrepreneurialinvestmentdecisions.Economic Corridors are a new form of regional and beyond regional entrepreneurial collaborations. The present research aimed at operationalising themeasurement scale for industrial entrepreneurs' start-up behaviour in the context of entrepreneurship under economic corridors. Particularly, the present study is committed to developing, contextualising, and statistically pilot testing the measurement scale of start-up behaviour of industrial entrepreneurs. This study applied EFA, validity, and reliability tests on the 6-items constructed for Start-up Behavior.Data was collected from the owners, shareholders, members of the board of directors and Chief level executives of 425 manufacturing organisations (e.g., also known as industrial entrepreneurs) in Pakistan. Results of this scale contextualisation process confirmed that initial developed 7 items were reduced to 6-items, and 1-item was deleted at the stage of face & content validity. The final form of measurement scale for Start-up Behavior consisted of 6- items under 1-factor. Moreover, this study described and presented a systematic process for scale development, scale contextualisation, and statisticalpilot testing to ensure the factorisation/extractionoffactors,reliabilityandvalidityforthe
newlyoperationalisedscalesforstart-upbehaviour.Thisstudy contributed to the body of knowledge for behavioural sciences, entrepreneurship, and economiccorridors by providing a 6-item measuring scale of industrial entrepreneurs' start-up behaviour. This study is also an added advantage for the owners of the manufacturing firms and policymakers up to the extent that they were able to analyse the six behavioural factors for investment in the new start-ups.

Human development has gained much significance ineconomies.This study highlight the role of institutional quality, financial development,and industrialization in human development in selected Asian countries. The human development index is used as a dependent variable. The study has used the GMM technique for this analysis. The study results demonstrate that institutionalquality,financialdevelopment,industrialization,andtrade openness have played a significant and positive role in determining the human developmentofselectedAsiancountries.Itisrecommendedthatthe government should provide a more stable environment to encourage more production, investment, and trade to enhance the living standard and human developmentoftheselectedeconomies.Itisconcludedthatfinancial development may improve human development. There is a need for more transparency and improved institutional quality for human development.

This research investigates the role of local government institutions in promoting community development in Bahawalpur division from 2001 to 2018. The provision of municipal amenities is crucial for community growth, and local governments are expected to play a significant role in enhancing social, political, and cultural development. However, financial constraints, lack of education, community participation, and infrastructural development hinder their effective functioning. The study used statistical sampling techniques and analyzed the data using regression, and correlation analysis. The results show a positive trend in the contribution of local government towards community development, with a significant positive relation between the local government budget, community participation, education level, and infrastructure development. The study suggests that local governments should prioritize allocating sufficient budgets for community development programs and encourage community engagement in decision-making processes. Overall, the study highlights the significance of local government institutions in promoting community development in Bahawalpur division.

The study aimed to compare the views of college principals and teachers regarding the various administrative problems faced by principals and how these problems affect their job. By using stratified random sampling technique 28 college principals and 140 faculty members were randomly selected from the six districts. A self-made validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The Cronbach’s alpha values for administrative problems and job performanc were 0.73 and 0.85 respectively. Study results showed that both the parties have similar perceptions about the administrative problems and job performance of college principals. Both respondents agreed that due to massive administrative problems, college principals may not be able to achieve vision and mission of the college. It was recommended that providing capacity building and continuous professional development opportunities may be worthwhile strategies for improving the administrative roles of principals.

Researchers investigated how primary school teachers benefited from their training. A total of 150 public school teachers in primary schools (75 men, 75 women) participated in the study. Using the survey method, the researcher adopted a simple random sampling technique. The researche employed a self-developed questionnaire with a five-point scale to compile the results. The questionnaire consisted of six main aspects. The validity of the research instrument was ensured in light of experts' opinions and pilot testing. The reliability was also ensured properly by applying Cronbach Alpha and its value was found .83. The data collected from respondents was organized properly. The data was analyzed through inferential statistics, and an independent-sample t-test was applied. The data was tabulated, presented and interpreted in a mean score, standard deviation and in the form of t- value to see the significant difference in mean score. It was concluded that teachers' training enhanced theteachers' professional competencies and recommended that teachers' professional training may be conducted continuously.

The study assessed Human Resource Management's (HRM) impact on Pakistan International Airlines' (PIA) performance, exploring its contribution to financial success and the role of employee engagement. 371 valid responses were collected from 400 distributed questionnaires, achieving an 86% response rate, with 35% female and 65% male respondents. Data analysis employed SPSS for descriptive analysis and Cronbach's Alpha for reliability. The study's main goals were to evaluate PIA's HRM practices, revealing a positive HRM effect on performance through SPSS regression analysis. Governance and HRM practices were identified as root challenges. Recommendations included VIP protocol elimination, increased employee development investment, monitored flights by senior staff, and strong HRM implementation to promote efficiency, productivity, and growth. The study stresses a dedicated HR department's importance for competitive advantage, providing insights for PIA's strategic decisions and performance enhancement.

Brain-drain occurs when highly educated and skilled people leave their home nations for greater chances abroad. Over the years, Nigeria, a developing nation with major socio-economic issues, has lost a significant portion of its workforce. People leave Nigeria for lack of jobs, inadequate infrastructure, unpredictable governmental administration, and uncompetitive wages and benefits. The loss of qualified personnel hinders the country's ability to supply basic services, innovate, and grow economically, hurting healthcare, education, and economic development. Nigeria needs job wage and service standards reform to stop brain drain. This includes improving domestic employment, education, research and development, and investment and entrepreneurship. Scholarship, mentorship, and professional development initiatives may also reduce brain drain by encouraging skilled people to stay or return to Nigeria.