Disasters have the capacity to increase the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of marginalized groups of society. It is the need of the hour to include these segments to make the process of disaster risk reduction successful. This research article presents comprehensive information regarding global agenda and efforts made by developing countries for the empowerment & resilience of weak people during natural and man-made disasters. This article provides information on vulnerable groups are exploited for reaping benefits of DRR policies. Case studies are studied from developing world like, Indonesia, Cambodia, Philippines, Nepal, India & Myanmar to highlight the initiative taken to empower these segments. This evidence has been used in recommending more productive actions for inclusion of vulnerable people in DRR mechanisms in developing countries.

This research analyzes the soft power and cultural diplomacy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Over the years, the Kingdom has been using its cultural diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy for the promotion of its soft power at regional and global level. The analysis suggest the use of soft power and cultural diplomacy are part of Kingdom’s foreign policy, bringing a wider gesture of aptness and goodwill. In this sense, the study of cultural diplomacy allows the understanding of new concepts and ideas of international insertion, with the participation of higher education institutions, research centers, government agencies and non-governmental organizations. King Abdullah has pioneered this initiative of soft power projection of the Kingdom through cultural diplomacy. The study revolves around the era of King Abdullah (2005-2015) while significant reinforcement of this policy is undertaken by King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammad Bin Salman (MBS).

Archaeometallurgy examines the manufacture, practice, and technical development of ancient metals. This investigation middles on the elemental analysis of Late Kushan copper coins from Pakistan, applying X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, a non-destructive method to discover their metallurgical alignment. The sample consisted of 22 Late Kushan copper coins, from the Islamabad Museum's reserve collection, chosen for comprehensive research. The main working technique was the XRF study, expected to classify alloying elements, minting approaches, and metallurgical performances from the Kushan period. The coins were generally struck relatively than cast, reflecting the invitation of modern minting methods. Elemental analysis identified notable quantities of tin, lead, and nickel. The sign of sulfide ores along with crusts such as silica, iron, and Sulphur facts to less advanced smelting methods. The coins exhibit a single-phase copper with impurities of Si, Ni, P, and Ag, as well as black inclusions of copper sulfide in the inner cores.