This research explores the difference in self-efficacy beliefs by gender and language of instruction of teachers. This descriptive study uses survey. The multistage stratified random sampling is employed to choose the sample for the study. The sample comprises 1761 teachers: 880 male and 881 female teachers from 419 primary, middle and high school. Out of 1761 teachers 923 are from English medium and 838 are from Urdu medium schools. The schools are selected from nine districts of the Punjab. The data are collected by using Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale. The t-test and ANOVA are run to find mean self-efficacy. The study finds self-efficacy level of teachers from Urdu medium schools being higher than teachers from English medium schools. No difference in self-efficacy by gender is reported. It is further concluded that effect of medium of instruction on self-efficacy does not depend upon gender.

Major objectives of this study were to assess university teachers attitude towards inclusion, their efficacy in implementing inclusive practices and their intentions to teach in inclusive classroom and to find correlation among the aforementioned study variables. The sample comprised of 180 teachers from a multidisciplinary public sector university in Faisalabad. The instruments used for data collection were (1) SACIERto assess the university teachers sentiments, attitude and concerns about inclusive education, (2) TEIP to measure the teachers self-efficacy in implementing inclusive practices and(3) TITIC to assess the teachers intentions to teach in inclusive classroom. The results show teachers positive attitudes, self-efficacy and intentions towards inclusion. There is a moderate positive significant correlation between teachers attitude and their efficacy (r = 0.42) comparatively weak between attitude and intention (r = 0.32) and strong between efficacy and intention (r = 0.75). Findings may support understanding and implementation of inclusive education at the university level in Pakistan.

Current study is an attempt to highlight the connection of emotional intelligence with entrepreneurial intention directly as well as indirectly by taking in account entrepreneurial selfefficacy as a mediator. A sample of 352 final year business administration students from different universities (public sector) of KP, Pakistan is taken by the researcher. Questionnaire is used as data collection instrument whereas measures are adopted from previous literature for measuring present study variables. Reliability analysis for scale reliability, correlation analysis for testing relationships of variables and PROCESS macros (model # 4) for mediation analysis is employed by the researcher to get results. Results depicts a significant positive relationship among study variables. Researcher also find out that self-efficacy (entrepreneurial) mediates the association of entrepreneurial intention with emotional intelligence among final year business administration students.

Theory of overconfidence states that investors are highly overconfident when valuing the stocks. Self-attribution has been found by the researchers as the root cause for overconfidence bias in investors. Investors attribute the high stock prices and returns with their own art of picking up the stocks, and thus they trade more frequently. In order to test overconfidence and self-attribution Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been employed to find out the long-term relationship between endogenous variables: market return and market turnover and exogenous variables: volatility and dispersion. Results revealed that there exists a strong positive relationship between market returns and trading turnover. Also, the crosssectional standard deviation in market prices i-e volatility and the cross-sectional variation in stock returns i-e dispersion has a very strong impact on trading pattern and returns. Since investment decisions made by Pakistani investor largely depend upon psychological factors, giving less weightage to all the fundamentals, the trading pattern exhibited may collectively tend the market behave in an irrational manner.

The contemporary investigation was conducted with aimed to investigate the relationship of proactive personality and careerism. The said relationship was not tested in isolation rather it has been tested with the inclusion of career self-efficacy as a mediator and two moderators (openness to experience, extroversion). It was basically an attempt to build/ analyze the relationship of proactive personality with careerism which was not fully captured in the previous literature. In addition, the current study conducted a comparative analysis for male and female to identify the proactive behaviors in handling their careers. The population for the current was study selected from different private FMCG related firms. The analysis revealed that proactive personality has a significant relationship with careerism. Female respondents report lower proactive behavior than male. Overall the results supported three hypotheses and the one related to moderation was rejected.

Deliberate Self Harm (DSH) is a pervasive issue in Pakistan. The limited research on this phenomenon conducted in Pakistan is restricted by the non-availability of an empirical assessment measure of self-harm in the Urdu language, hence relies mostly on the interviews of cases reported to the emergency departments and those translated does not necessarily carry the same connotation. An indigenous deliberate self-harm scale was developed to cater to this issue. Factors of DSH were identified using Nock’s integrated theoretical model and literature review. Sixty-five items were generated. Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. The scale was administered on a sample of 200 self-harm cases.EFA revealed a three-factor structure (i.e intrapersonal, interpersonal and situational) supported by Parallel Analysis. RASCH analysis supported the item fit. This scale can be a helpful tool for the researchers and clinicians to explore DSH in the native population.

The assumption of investor rationality had been central to developing an understanding of financial markets and decision outcomes. But the formation and consequent burst of tech-stock bubble changed the paradigm and shifted towards the behavioral interruption aspect of investor psychology. The study aimed to investigate the relationship of two heuristics and one emotional bias with financial decisions and the moderating effect of financial literacy on the said relationship. Primary data is gathered through questionnaire from 208 clients of national savings. Moderation analysis was done and the effect of biases on the financial decisions was found significant enough. Furthermore, financial literacy moderates this relationship positively only for heuristics but no moderation found for selfcontrol. The policymakers can design their financial instruments and strategies by keeping in view the implication of biases on investor’s decision. Moreover, periodic financial literacy sessions can be arranged to create awareness among investors and advisors.

The current study is an investigation of the correlation between students’ Self-efficacy, adaptability and Entrepreneurial Intention. For appropriate results and understand the phenomena; a descriptive research method was used. Previous entrepreneurial aptitude scale of the author was used for data collection from seven universities of Punjab and Islamabad territory of Pakistan. 3rd and 4th semesters’ students (MBA and M.Sc Economics) and 7th and 8th semesters’ students (BBA honor and BS Economics) of management science and economics departments were selected. Total 560 questionnaires were randomly distributed in respondents out of which 493 were returned with in scheduled period. Data examined by the Factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA, correlation tests in SPSS-20. Results revealed that students’ SE, adaptability and EI are highly correlated with each- others.

Based on social identity approach, present research intends to investigate the impact of identity-based leadership on employee engagement, through the mediating role of employee core-self evaluations. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the measurement model. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized model. The proposed model was supported empirically by data collected from 327 employees who work in the telecom sector of Pakistan. The result indicated that employees Core selfevaluations act as a mediator between four dimensions of identity leadership and employee engagement. Identity-based leadership also showed a direct positive relationship with employee engagement.

This was proposed to investigate the effect of self-regulated learning strategies on 8th class students achievement for learning English. This was experimental research. Intact group (8th class students) pretest and posttest of design was utilized voluntarily for data collection. The experimental group was taught with SRL strategies and control group was taught with traditional strategy. The pre and post-administration results of group with intervention and control groups were compared to determine the use of SRL strategies had statistically significant effect on students achievement to learn English. Independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test and Repeated Measures Analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that SRL strategies had significant effect on students achievement scores. In conclusion, research was suggested to examine the effect of SRL strategies on students achievement on larger experimental population of various grades.