Why We Cling to Flawed Influencers: Psychological Mechanisms Behind Loyalty to Deceptive Social Media Figures
Existing studies on loyalty to social media influencers have mainly focused on cognitive dissonance, parasocial bonding, the halo effect, social identity, and just-world belief, each in isolation. This paper advances an argument: that these five mechanisms occur not independently but in a sequence, each reducing psychological resistance to the next and producing loyalties more resistant than any single mechanism alone. We call this the compounding loyalty model. Cognitive dissonance is the initial motivation that causes a follower to realize something is wrong; parasocial bonding makes rationalization a requirement, not an option; the halo effect provides a surface-level basis for maintaining trust despite misbehavior; social identity makes loyalty costly to lose; and just-world belief provides a motivated argument that deception did not happen at all. We draw this model from cases including James Charles(2021)and Ramon Abbas, convicted of fraud in 2022. We discuss media literacy, ethical marketing, and platform policy.
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Influencers, Social Media, Cognitive Dissonance, Para-Social Relationships, Halo Effect, Social Identity Theory, Just World Hypothesis, Compounding Loyalty Model
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(1) Asma Alolyan
PhD Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom (UK).
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