SEARCH ARTICLE

54 Pages : 568-575

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).54      10.31703/gssr.2020(V-II).54      Published : Jun 2020

Instability in Afghanistan and its Impact on the Security of Pakistan

    Security implausibility due to a long history of conflict and the poor governess made a major contribution to making Afghanistan one of the unstable countries in the world, which poses a potential security risk for their surroundings. Instability in Afghanistan has a great impact on the security of Pakistan.Afghanistan's ability to overcome its security problems has a significant impact not only on the security and development of Pakistan but also the entire region. Furthermore, this paper will provide an overview of the importance, suggestions, and security policy of Pakistan. The Obama administration's strategy in Pakistan, particularly-in FATA, in which US drone strikes occurred, has generated insecurity in Pakistan. Therefore, the Imran Khan Government severely opposes the drone strikes and calls it a violation of the sovereignty and honor of the country.Finally, the paper highlights insecurity and instability in Afghanistan has serious regional implications. Consequently,a stable Afghanistan is more likely to make a contribution to regional security and serve as an economic partner

    Afghanistan, Pakistan, Obama, FATA, South Asia
    (1) Manzoor Khan Afridi
    Associate Professor, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Rubina Ali
    PhD Scholar, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan

01 Pages : 1-7

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01      10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).01      Published : Dec 2019

Tripartite Globalization in Afghanistan in Rahman's In The Light Of What We Know

    Globalization is the instrument of disintegration and weakening of nations through a vast network of transnational companies and their monopoly on global markets that destabilize a nations economy by enhancing the interdependence of the countries and weakening the nation-states grip over its geographical borders. Rahman in his novel In the Light of What We Know (2014) shows Afghanistan as a victim of tripartite – economic, cultural, political – globalization. Using Spencer & Wollmans (2002), Appadurais (2005) and Giddens (1990) critique and analyses of globalization, this study explores how Afghanistan has been gripped by the forces of globalization. Raemdoncks (2013) conceptualization of three dimensional global games of chess – great game, little game, and domestic game – being played by America, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, ISI and NGOs in Afghanistan chalks out the American designs of getting access to the oil and gas reservoirs in Afghanistan and Central Asian states.

    Globalization, Economic liberalization, Capitalist Globalization, Afghanistan
    (1) Atta-ul Mustafa
    PhD Scholar, English Literature, Department of English, GC University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Ghulam Murtaza
    Associate Professor, Department of English,Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Shaheena Bhatti
    Professor, Department of English, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

02 Pages : 21-40

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).02      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).02      Published : Jun 2018

Foreign Languages' Planning in the Post-Taliban Afghanistan

    This paper analyses the management of foreign languages in the language planning of Afghanistan after the fall of Taliban. The analyses assess the suitability of foreign languages performing developmental and peace-making roles in domains where distribution of power is contested by the Afghan ethnolinguistic groups. Primary data of the paper comes from a questionnaire based survey and followup interviews. Analysis reveals the presence of various modern languages such as French, German, Russian and English in Afghanistan. The acceptance of foreign languages especially English is overwhelming in Afghanistan. Among foreign languages, English happens to be the most vigorous and promising language. However, a significant portion of Afghans oppose the growing influence and power for the foreign languages in Afghanistan. The paper notes, an uneven spread of English as the dominant foreign language in Afghanistan. Therefore, foreign languages' role in development and peacemaking may not be achieved due to lack of equal access. The paper recommends a wide-range of interventions to help in making foreign languages a resource for development and peacemaking. The intervention includes social, economic and political equality and equal opportunities in learning of foreign languages. It is also emphasised that the promotion of local languages is not to be affected by the availability of foreign languages.

    Afghanistan, Foreign Languages, Language Planning, English, French, German, Russian.
    (1) Ayaz Ahmad
    Lecturer, Department of English,Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Sana Hussan
    MPhil Scholar (English), Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Safiullah
    Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.

09 Pages : 131-145

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).09      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).09      Published : Jun 2018

An Analysis of Insurgency in Afghanistan (2001 - 2016)

    Afghanistan has been wrapped in insurgency since the Russian withdrawal in 1979, followed by civil war. The emergence of Taliban to power with their self-styled type of imposition of Islamic law compelled the great powers to interfere in the internal affairs of Afghanistan. September 2001 was a turning point in the history of Afghanistan as the NATO forces made their entry under the garb of security. The establishment of a democratic government in the country could not help in uprooting terrorism and insurgency from the country. Since the period of Russian Withdrawal, the country witnessed different eras of Taliban and the democratic governments coupled with the NATO mission. It is a fact that during the long stay of the presence of coalition forces in Afghanistan, insurgency could not be completely uprooted since new threats from different groups of insurgents have overpowered the country. Some of the provinces are hit hard by insurgency and terrorism. Efforts to hold peace talks were always dashed to the ground when the ISAF started its military operations against the terrorists.

    Insurgency, Taliban, Afghanistan, Threats
    (1) Muhammad Tariq
    PhD (Political Science), Department of District Education, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Manzoor Khan Afridi
    Assistant Professor & HoD, Department of Politics and IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Ahmed Saeed Minhas
    PhD Scholar (IR), School of Politics and IR, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

24 Pages : 421-438

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).24      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-II).24      Published : Jun 2018

The Role of Peace Process in Mitigating the Trust-Deficit in PakAfghan Bilateral Relations.

    The history of Pak-Afghan relations is dominated more by conflicts then by cooperation since emergence of Pakistan. In the ongoing pattern of peace process, it is proposed that Pakistan should pave the way to bring the Taliban on negotiation table for peace and stability in Afghanistan. The recent steps taken in the form of different Confidence Building Measures show flurry of diplomatic relationship in the emerging cordiality between the two countries. Diverse civil society groups of Pakistan are of the view that the drawdown of US forces from Afghanistan will ultimately create a power vacuum and plunge the country again into yet another civil war. Pakistan’s efforts to use its influence to bring the Taliban on table talk will smooth the way for peace, stability and prosperity of Afghanistan as well as security of the entire region. Keeping in view the geographical proximity of the two countries, Pakistan’s own vital interests are attached to peace and stability in Afghanistan. Pakistan took cognizance of this very fact and played highly constructive role in facilitating dialogue process in Afghanistan and improving bilateral ties of the two countries.

    Trust-deficit, Peace Process, Pakistan, Afghanistan, High Peace Council, Reconciliation
    (1) Huma Qayum
    PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and IR, Islamic International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Nargis Zaman
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Women University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.

14 Pages : 215-243

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).14      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).14      Published : Mar 2018

Geographic, Ethnic and Linguistic Composition of Afghanistan: Methodological rich points of Language Policy and Planning

    This paper evaluates the Language Policy and Planning's (LPP) Methodological Rich Points (MRP) in the geographic, ethnic and linguistic composition of Afghanistan. The theoretical construct is taken from the work of Nancy H. Hornberger on MRP in LPP. The paper explores a range of primary and secondary sources, and finds that the presence of inequality, marginalization and oppression in intra-ethnic and intralanguage group relations, sharing of resources and power account for neglect of the MRP in Afghan LPP. The geographic details in conjunction with explanation of historical process of migrations and conquests explains that most of the minority language speakers are concentrated in the difficult to reach areas of Afghanistan for their safety. Further, the limiting factors of Afghan geography explains the preservation of minority languages from the effects of majority languages. The study concludes with the proposal that it would be helpful to avoid the pitfalls of the current LPP in future by giving due attention to MRP.

    Afghanistan, Methodological Rich Points, Language Policy and Planning, Afghan Ethnic Composition, Afghan Linguistic Composition, Afghan Geography, LPP
    (1) Ayaz Ahmad
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Sana Hussan
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Safiullah
    Research Assistant, Humanity Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.

24 Pages : 411-433

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).24      10.31703/gssr.2018(III-I).24      Published : Mar 2018

Development of Indo-Afghan Relations in Political Economic and Social Aspects Post 9/11 Scenario; Implication for Pakistan

    Indo-Afghan relations are developing with accelerated pace post 9/11. Indian increasing involvement in Afghanistan is a matter of grave concern for Pakistan. Indian investment in Afghanistan aims; to minimize Pakistan’s influence in Afghanistan, to create a soft image of India in Afghanistan and to access Central Asian Republic’s markets through Afghanistan. India is so far being successful in all of its objectives. India is investing in political, economic and social sectors in Afghanistan and successful in creating a soft image of Indians in Afghans heart. Keeping in view this scenario, study of this situation was a good case. India, Pakistan and Afghanistan all three have many observations regarding each other and none of them accept it. Due to the physical presence of United States in Afghanistan for more than a decade, peace in the area is still a dream come true. Therefore, it was an interesting study to understand the dynamics of Indo-Afghan relations and its implications for Pakistan. Neo realism theory is applied in this study.

    Afghanistan, Economic, India, Investment, Pakistan, Political, Social
    (1) Sarwat Sultana Sami
    PhD Research Scholar, IR & Politics Department, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Noor Fatima
    Acting Chairperson, IR & Politics Department, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.

01 Pages : 1-23

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).01      10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).01      Published : Dec 2017

Pak-US Relations: Understanding of the Misunderstandings

    This paper critically analyses the US and Pakistan relations in historical context and thereby comprehends the causes of misunderstandings between them, especially under the new administration of Donal Trump. Like other states in our world both Pakistan and USA have priorities to secure their national interests as both have their own way of protecting their interest in short, medium or long terms. The paper finds that unlike the US which makes a policy that focuses only on the current scenarios, Pakistan keeps in view the lessons from past betrayals from US and her future needs arising from her security issues related to her neighbours i.e. Afghanistan and India. Pakistan also fears Indian involvement in Afghanistan and the US support to India in Afghanistan in general and particularly in the region. Pakistan needs to understand US mistrust for rapid proliferation (even legal) to earn easy money to strengthen its weak economy. From the US perspectives, it strategy regarding Pakistan is no different from that of a major powers as she only focuses short terms objectives. USA needs to realize that the strategic location of Pakistan and the nuclear capability makes her an important country that bestows on her the right to be treated like medium power in the region. It not only about dealing with mutual misunderstandings related to realization of mutual concerns but it is also about peace, security and future of every sixth human being on earth who lives in the region or maybe its impacts can go far beyond to the whole world. Therefore, both Pakistan and the US need to address each other's concern and work on converging lines.

    Pakistan, United States of America, Afghanistan, Indian factor, Afghan War, Security, Nuclear proliferation.
    (1) Asghar Khan
    Lecturer, Department of Regional Studies, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
    (2) Ayaz Ahmad
    Lecturer Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
    (3) Amjad Ali Dadda
    Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management, UK

06 Pages : 109-121

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).06      10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).06      Published : Dec 2017

A Critical Analysis of Terrorism and Military Operations in Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

    The 9/11 was a paradigm shifting event in the international and global politics. On September 11, 2001, two jet planes hit the twin's tower in United States of America (USA). US official authorities said that it is done by alQaeda. This event also changes Pakistan's internal and foreign policies. The government of United States compel Afghan Taliban government to handover the master mind of 9/11 attack and their leader Osama bin Laden but the talks failed between the both governments. Therefore US government compel the government of Pakistan to give us Military bases and assistance against Afghan Taliban. Pakistan agreed with US as frontline ally of US in war on terror. The majority of Pakistani people were not happy with the decision, therefore, some non-state actors appeared in different part of the country especially in Malakand Division and FATA to support Taliban regime in Afghanistan. In Malakand Division Mulana Sufi Muhammad head of Tehrik Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Muhammadi started a proper armed campaign for Afghan Taliban Support and sent thousands of people to Afghanistan support Taliban against US and their allied forces. It was a basic reason behind the emergence of terrorism in Malakand division KP but it did not played it role alone to cause terrorism in the region. Many other important factors i.e. weak political administration, unemployment, economic deprivation, socio-political instability constituted the main reason that opened room for non-state actors to consolidate their grip on the region.

    Afghanistan, Pakistan, United Sates of America, Al-Qaeda, Taliban, Malakand Division.
    (1) Musab Yousufi
    PhD Scholar,Department of International Relations, Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology, D.I. Khan Pakistan
    (2) Fakhr Ul Islam
    Professor and Director, Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

09 Pages : 146-161

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).09      10.31703/gssr.2017(II-II).09      Published : Dec 2017

Prospects of Enduring Peace in Afghanistan: Avoiding Zero Sum Game in Af-Pak Region

    Afghanistan has witnessed a turbulent history of long and devastating war due to Soviet unabated invasion of Afghanistan of ten years producing unbearable losses of life, institutions and society. The United States along-with the support of majority of Muslim countries supported Jihad to defeat communism. This victory was, however, short-lived as infighting among Afghan war lords later entangled the entire country with even graver consequence. The emergence of Taliban and resultant occupation of 70% of Afghanistan had brought some degree of stability by providing good governance and expeditious justice system, but failed to pragmatically adjust to international environment. The unfortunate incidents of 9/11 changed the world for foreseeable time with even harsher fall out for Afghan nation as unleashing of the war of terror destroyed the left over Afghanistan. The instability in Afghanistan has caused negative effects on Pakistan as next door neighbour, which has rendered all sorts of humanitarian, diplomatic and moral support to Afghan cause since Soviet invasion and has also suffered most in the process due to spill-over effects. The democratic government is incharge in Afghanistan after fall of Taliban regime in 2001 and several state institutions are also in place albeit at infancy stage, especially the security institutions, yet the prospects of enduring peace and stability are distant reality. More than three million Afghan refugees are still in Pakistan with very dim prospects of honourable return due to persisting instability. This paper highlights the causes of instability in Afghanistan with spill-over impact on Pakistan and suggests a course of action for enduring stability.

    Enduring Peace, Stability and Prosperity, Afghanistan.
    (1) Waseem Ishaque
    Assistant Professor at Department of International Relations, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Ghulam Qumber
    Deputy Director, Research and Publications ISSRA National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (3) Syed Jawad Shah
    MPhil, Media Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan