Right from its inception in 1947, Pakistan has been ruled by an elitist pattern inherited by British Colonial rule. After eleven years of authoritarian dictatorship under General Ayub Khan, the people of Pakistan launched a movement that was a class-conscious movement in its nature. The movement gave rise to Bhutto, and after the sad demise of the Eastern wing of the country, he took over the power. Though he implemented the unmatched egalitarian reforms in various sectors but espoused "Bonapartist" actions not only against his political opponents but his own party stalwarts, journalists and trade unionists, which shadowed his revolutionary reformist agenda. Such "fascist" populism paved the way for another military dictatorship which tore up the very fabric of democratic norms and civilian supremacy. The study examines the transition from elitist authoritarianism to Bonapartist populism. The regime shift was followed by the installation of various elitist groups led to the re-emergence of the same elitist authoritarian rule cultured by Gen. Ayub and his ancestors.

The study investigates the moderation role of Organizational Life Cycle (OLC) stages on the relationship between leadership styles and employees' performance. The study remained restricted to four basic leadership styles, namely authoritative, democratic, transformational and transactional styles. The findings of the study are (1) OLC stages have no significant impact on the relationship between transformational style and performance employees and on the relationship between transactional style and performance of employees (2) OLC stages have a significant impact on the relationship between authoritative styles and performance employees and on the relationship between democratic leadership styles and performance of employees. Findings can be used in the hiring of new leadership by organizations and in the deciding priorities of leadership development as per the stages of OLC. It is expected that the findings of the study are generalizable due to the size of the sample and the extensiveness of the study.