ARTICLE

DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PAKISTAN THROUGH HIGHER EDUCATION

16 Pages : 119-125

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).16      10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).16      Published : Dec 2019

Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education

    This research intended to explore deficit and strategies to improve entrepreneurship regarding higher education in Pakistan. The study was descriptive in nature. It would utilize quantitative cum qualitative research techniques. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires and qualitative data from interviews. The population was comprised of all teachers and students who are getting entrepreneurship education in Business Incubation Centres (BIC) supported by Higher Education Commission in public sector universities. The sample of the research were 40 teachers and 200 students selected through random sampling technique. Data were analyzed through descriptive and thematic approach. The findings of the study showed that HEC was not playing an active role regarding entrepreneurship and demanded that special funds, infrastructure, and faculty should be provided to promote entrepreneurship. Institutions may offer useful training programs in colleges and universities for better career prospect and also focused on continuous professional development of teachers to enhance entrepreneurship education.

    (1) Nisar Ahmed
    Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Arshad
    SST – Science, School Education Department,Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Hameed Nawaz
    Associate Professor, Department of Education,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (2013). Handbook of entrepreneurship Research. US: Springer.
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2014). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. NJ: Prentice Hall
  • Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (2015). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(5), 453-474.
  • Audretsch, & Thurik, (2001). A constructivist framework for understanding entrepreneurial opportunities. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 26(9), Available at: http://digitalknowledge.babson.edu/fer/vol26/iss9/3
  • Audretsch, D. B. (2012). Entrepreneurship: A Survey of the Literature: Report Prepared for the European Commission, Enterprise Directorate General.
  • Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, R, S. (2014). Entrepreneurship: Determinants and policy in a European-US Comparison. Boston/Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Barreto, H. (2009). The Entrepreneur in Microeconomic Theory: Disappearance and Explanation. New York: Routledge.
  • Chen, C., & Crick. (2008). The self-efficacy expectations and occupational preferences of females and males. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295-316.
  • Clark, B. W., & Harnish, V. C. (2004). Do courses in entrepreneurship aid new venture creation? Journal of Small Business Management, 22 (2), 26-31.
  • Clarysse, B., & Bruneel, J. (2011). Explaining growth paths of young technology-based firms: Structuring resource portfolios in different competitive environments. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(2), 137-157.
  • Griliches, (2002). Small business research: The development of entrepreneurs, Gower, Aldershot
  • Haltiwanger, (2000). The five stages small business growth. Harvard Business Review, 61(3), 30-46.
  • Kailer, (2010). Entrepreneurship and business culture. Aldershot: Edward Elgar UK.
  • Kelley, D., & Marram, E. (2004). Managing a growing business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kuratko, D. F. & Hodgetts, R.M. (2004). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, Practice Mason, OH; SouthWestern Publishers p.30 Retrieved on 12-3-2013 from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship
  • Nadeem Ul Haque, (2007). Entrepreneurship theory and Practice, 43(6), 364-372
  • Souitaris et al., (2007). The concept of linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning.
  • William et al., (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387-401.
  • World Bank, (2011). Increasing return and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94, 1002-1037.

Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Ahmed, Nisar, Muhammad Arshad, and Muhammad Hameed Nawaz. 2019. "Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education." Global Social Sciences Review, IV (IV): 119-125 doi: 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).16
    HARVARD : AHMED, N., ARSHAD, M. & NAWAZ, M. H. 2019. Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education. Global Social Sciences Review, IV, 119-125.
    MHRA : Ahmed, Nisar, Muhammad Arshad, and Muhammad Hameed Nawaz. 2019. "Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education." Global Social Sciences Review, IV: 119-125
    MLA : Ahmed, Nisar, Muhammad Arshad, and Muhammad Hameed Nawaz. "Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education." Global Social Sciences Review, IV.IV (2019): 119-125 Print.
    OXFORD : Ahmed, Nisar, Arshad, Muhammad, and Nawaz, Muhammad Hameed (2019), "Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education", Global Social Sciences Review, IV (IV), 119-125
    TURABIAN : Ahmed, Nisar, Muhammad Arshad, and Muhammad Hameed Nawaz. "Developing Entrepreneurship in Pakistan through Higher Education." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. IV (2019): 119-125. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-IV).16