The study explores the effectiveness of integrated and traditional instruction method in developing reading and writing skills in Urdu language at primary level. As an experimental study it used Pretest, post-test and control group design in finding these effects. The researcher developed integrated instruction model for Urdu language by combining contents of Urdu and Islamic Studies by adopting multidisciplinary approach. Lesson plans were prepared by the researcher according to the integrated instruction model to teach the primary level students. In order to measure the performance of the students, teacher made achievement test was prepared by the researcher. The validity of the developed instrument was checked through expert opinion and reliability was checked through pilot testing. This experimental work was carried out for sixteen weeks in a public sector primary level school in Islamabad. Population of experiment was grade IV students. Seventy-six students were selected from class IV for experiment through the draw method. Students were assigned to experimental and control group after their performance in Pre-Test. Experimental group was taught through integrated instruction method while control group was taught through traditional instruction method. After the completion of the experimental period post-test was administered. The data were collected through teacher made achievement test. Data were then analyzed applying independent t-test. The results of study revealed that integrated learning was more effective in developing basic skills of reading and writing of Urdu language in students at primary level as compared to the traditional instruction method.

The paper analyses cost and effectiveness of academic staff working at government and private colleges district Bahawalpur. Therein, it focuses, (a) comparison of cost between private and Government Colleges, (b) finding the sector which readily adopts new trends in education through costeffectiveness, (c) evaluates the use of resources in government and private college in terms of quality efficacy, and (d) compare the achievement in education in government and private sector by utilizing cost-effectiveness analysis. Survey approach was used for data collection. So, two separate questionnaires were developed on a five point Likert scale. Cost and effectiveness in government and private college were then reviewed. The sample was selected from the universe of teachers and Parents of Bahawalpur district. Data were then analysed and presented through means and t-test. Major findings of the study indicated government college teachers’ salary fall between 50,000 to 100,000 and private college salary 20,000 to 50,0000. Majority of teachers in both sectors teach undergraduate and graduate level classes. Very few teachers teach higher level classes. Government college teachers show more flexibility in their behaviour as claimed by respondents, than their private counterparts. Private college did superior work in the category of ethic than Government College. It is observed that private college teachers encourage the students learning by doing in the classroom more than Government College.

The aim of this study is to find the moderating role of cognitive style index on servant leadership style and leadership effectiveness relationship. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 415 teaching staff from public and private universities. A total of 200 completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis. Bivariate correlation and hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. It is concluded that cognitive style index does acts as moderator voluntary subordination, covenantal relationship and transcendent spirituality while for other it does not act as moderator. So, it means that these variables can bring change in the effectiveness of leaders while making decision to serve for society, community, employees, followers or customers.

Corporate boards have gained remarkable significance over the past few years due to the efforts of various scholars who explored the positives of corporate boards in the context of governance of companies. This paper investigates the effectiveness of corporate boards in stimulating corporate governance, generating shareholder value and examining physiognomies that affect good governance practices. The intention is to explore: how principles of corporate governance can be stimulated to be more effective and efficient; what attributes of corporate governance may influence the performance of corporate boards for satisfying the shareholder expectations. The methodology used for this paper is qualitative and employs an inductive approach along with exploratory and analytical philosophy. The findings of this paper emphasize the fair appointment process for directors and to increase the number of external directors in corporate boards; so that the significant issues of companies could be discussed properly and finalized timely.

Mathematics is considered as an important subject which is taught up to the secondary level as a compulsory subject. Students’ achievements are influenced by the attitude they have for Mathematics subject and the attitude towards Mathematics is affected by teachers and the teaching methods adopted by the teachers. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of the inquiry-based method for Mathematics instruction at the secondary level. The research sample was 30 students studying at secondary level in district Attock. Pretest posttest control group design was used for this research study. Experimental and control group were formed equally on the basis of pretest achievements. Both groups were taught for two weeks. The experimental group was treated with an inquiry-based method using the 5-E model while the control group was treated by the traditional method. After treatment posttest was held and results were compared. Results revealed that the inquiry-based method was better than the traditional method.

Higher education is considered to be the lifeline of the development of any nation. These institutions are not only engaged in disseminating knowledge but are also engaged in shaping human capital for todays knowledge-based economy. These higher learning institutions need to focus on their effectiveness if they want to be learning organizations. The present study focuses on organizational learning for attaining effectiveness. The sample of the study consists of 350 academic staff members of public sector HEIs belonging to Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province of Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data set. The overall results showed a significant direct effect of organizational learning upon organizational effectiveness. The results are significant for the top management.

This study is designed to find the effectiveness of Learning Cycle Model (LCM) on students learning in physics at the secondary school level. To achieve this objective, null hypotheses were tested. All physics students of Haripur district Khyber Pukhtunkhwah Pakistan at secondary level were included as the population. Eighty (80) physics learners of grade 9th of Hazara Public School and College (HPSC) were chosen as sample of the study. True experimental research design was employed. The pupils were divided uniformly into experimental and control groups such that 40 students included in each group. Physics Academic Achievement Test (PAAT) of reliability coefficient 0.82 was utilized. Experimental and control groups were instructed through LCM and Traditional Teaching Method (TTM) for twelve (12) workweeks. Statistical outcomes showed that pupils instructed via LCM were found more effective learners in Physics than the pupils instructed via TTM.

The experimental study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Kumon method in comparison with traditional lecture method in the teaching of Mathematics to grade-6. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Kumon method for academic achievement of children in Mathematics. All students of grade-6 of Fazaia Inter colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was the population.Cluster sampling technique randomly was used. One of the three Fazaia colleges (Grade-6) was selected randomly. All grade-6 students of theselected cluster formed the sample of the study. Data was collected and analyzed by applying t-test and recommendations were given on the basis of findings of the study. This study shows that Kumon method is more effective for teaching mathematics to Grade 6 students in comparison with traditional lecture method and equally helpful in teaching mathematics effectively to boys and girls.

The study aimed to compare teacher effectiveness in English and Mathematics by using students' ratings on quality factors such as learning environment, instructional planning and strategies, subject matter knowledge, assessment, and effective communication. Through using a multistage sampling technique, the data was obtained from the students of 10th grade (N=2009), who evaluated their teachers' performance on STEQ developed by Akram (2018). The five factors of STEQ exhibited a high level of reliability (α=.88) with factor-wise reliability ranging from 0.74 to 0.86. T-test for independent samples was used to compare boys' and girls', and urban and rural students' perceptions of teacher effectiveness in English and Mathematics. Female teachers were perceived as more effective than male teachers by their students in Mathematics and English, while urban teachers were perceived as more effective as compared to rural teachers by their students in Mathematics and English. Student achievement in English and Mathematics also statistically significantly differed based on the gender of students and school location. The study also gave recommendations.

Leadership is the art of motivating a group of individuals to do tasks in achieving desired goals. The leader is a source of inspiration for workers. The purpose of the study was to examine the school leadership effectiveness at the secondary level in Punjab. The study was quantitative in nature and survey design was used. Three hundred principals, headmasters and headmistresses of secondary schools of districts Hafiz Abad and Sargodha were the samples of the study. For data collection, an instrument that was based on three factors i.e. anticipation, alignment and action was used. Five educational experts ensured the validity of the instrument and the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient value was 0.86. Mean, Standard Deviation, and independent sample t-tests were applied for analysis.The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between male and female heads in school leadership effectiveness. Male leaders were better in school leadership effectiveness as compared to female leaders. Training is recommended for female leaders.