Transformational leadership has been characterized by vision and inspiration while the emphasis of instructional /pedagogical leadership is on framing clear goals and objectives and then achieve them through careful planning and monitoring. Headteachers play the leading role in school improvement and increase and maintain instructional effectiveness. Their prime focus is on learning outcomes and enhancing the quality of the teaching-learning process. A qualitative research design was applied to get headteachers' perspectives about role of instructional leadership in successful execution of the curriculum. Purposively 14 headteachers were selected to conduct interview. Among them 7 were female headteachers and 7 were male headteachers. The interview protocol was developed after reviewing literature and discussing role of instructional leaders in successful execution of curriculum with experts in the area and renowned educationists. It was revealed that school heads as instructional leaders have an important role in successful execution of curriculum

Leadership styles play an important role and position in pedagogical activities and school effectiveness because they play a major role in the learning process. The current study looked at the relationship between teacher leadership styles (including democratic, autocratic, transformational and transactional) and student academic achievement at the university level. Head of the Departments of Social Sciences and Master degree students made up the study population. Twenty-nine Heads of Departments (HODs) and two hundred and six students from five public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtukhawa were selected through simple random and stratified (proportionate) sampling techniques. Data was collected through a questionnaire, the reliability co-efficient of which was 0.72 and 0.82 for HODs and students respectively. The data collected was analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Correlation. The study results indicate that teacher leadership styles are strongly linked to student academic success

The study's goal is to see how servant leadership and corporate culture affect work engagement. While leadership has been proven to have an impact, the effect and procedure underlying work engagement has attracted scant attention. Despite the fact that servant leadership followers are more inclined to be involved, this is especially relevant of servant leadership. We investigate the role organizational culture plays like a potential mediator in the study below, seeking to discover whether servant leadership builds organizational culture that, as a result, enhances work engagement. Overall,we find strong evidence suggesting servant leadership can forecast organizational culture along with the other extensions related to job engagement which include dedication, absorption and vigor, while organizational culture, undermines the effect of servant leadership style. Lastly,all three components of work engagement are positively related to an organization's culture.

COVID-19 has brought severe impacts on societies for a protracted period of time. The purpose of the current study is to examine the antecedents of societal behavior in employees to enable them to bring positive change to societal well-being through their work. Drawing on the signalling theory, the current study investigated the association between ethical leadership and the desire to have a significant impact through work (DSIW) via the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Data were collected through doctors and nurses delivering their services in the health sector in large cities of Pakistan. The findings of the current study envisaged that ethical leadership style has a direct influence on the DSIW of employees. Moreover, study findings show that POS plays a vital role in ascertaining the association between ethical leadership style and employees' DSIW. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of the study findings.

Russia under Vladimir Putin’s leadership has assumed a personalised character which has drastically transformed its domestic and defence policy as well as its global grand strategy. The main contour of the grand strategy is a strategic rebalancing in the places of its influence including its near abroad and its area of interest including Asia, Asia Pacific and the Middle East. Putin’s leadership and psychological orientation have a fundamental role in the materialisation of this transformation and the study of this factor serves as a lens to explain Russia’s resurgence and also provides a guide to Russia’s future foreign policy. One of the significant aspects of the strategic rebalancing is Russia’s increasing influence in South Asia and the projects of building transport and trade corridor. While China remains another significant powerful player with similar geostrategic and geoeconomic plans; states such as Pakistan foresee great challenges as well as opportunities which emerge as a result of the increasing influence of Russia and China in the region and the lingering dissonance in Pakistan’s relations with the United States of America.

The study examined the effect of instructional leadership on school performance. Instructional leadership is a process that how quality practices: building and sustaining the school vision, monitoring of curriculum and instruction, leading a learning community, data gathering and assessing, and shared leadership were implemented by head teachers effectively. School performance is defined as the attainment of targets by teachers, students and schools. In district Sahiwal, head teachers were evaluated for instructional leadership by their SSTs (N=1026) on HTEQ. For school performance, a score of student achievement were obtained from their schools, while data on factors: cleanliness of schools, student presence, the functionality of facilities, and teacher presence were obtained through monthly visit reports of MEAs. The study revealed that head teachers were used practices of instructional leadership effectively and excellent level of schools' performance were found. The study explored a moderate relationship between variables (r=.54), and a 39 % variance in school performance could be explained through instructional leadership. The recommendations were also added in the study.

The study focuses on difficult emotions experienced by the functional heads of two leading textile companies in Pakistan during the peak waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It explicates the coping strategies developed at individual and group levels and provides a unique indigenous narrative of how leaders manage their emotional journey during the pandemic. The research design was qualitative, and in-depth semi-structured interviews were the primary method for data collection. The findings highlighted that the participants experienced fear, anxiety, loneliness, and frustration due to the COVID-19 pandemic and it also unveiled the measures adopted at organizational and national levels to manage and contain the viral spread. Furthermore, managers who accepted their own and their teammates' emotions were able to develop effective coping strategies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The study contributes towards understanding human emotions in the workplace and how organizational leadership inculcates different coping strategies to process these emotions.

The purpose of this research was to examine the Impact of Narcissistic Leadership (NL) on Employee’s Behavioral Cynicism (BOC) with the mediation of Organizational Aggression (OA) and moderation of Workplace Gossiping (WG) in the FMCG sector of Pakistan. OA was studied as a mediator that was brought in between the relationship of NL on BOC to see what impact it made on them. A quantitative method was used in this study, and the data was collected through survey questionnaires from 415 workers of FMCG companies operating in Pakistan using the convenience sampling technique, a type of non-probabilistic sampling. An adopted structured questionnaire was used in this research by using a cross-sectional study and a self-administered survey. SPSS is used for demographics frequency analysis, and SMART PLS 4 is used for SEM, validity and reliability analysis. However, H1 results revealed that NL had a significant impact on BOC. Whereas H2, looking at the mediation results,OA was found to have the mediation on the relationship between NL on EBC shows complete mediation. Further, H3, WG significantly moderated the relationship of NL with EBC. Therefore, the Leader member exchange (LMX) theory supports H1, the AET model supports H2 and self- verification & LMX theory supports H3.

The pursuit of harmony within a state is known as national integration. National integration connects all facets of society regardless of language, racial background, religion, race, or belief. It is a process based on harmony, interdependence, and most importantly, national awareness. National integration is a sentiment that unites a nation's population. The goal of national integration is to foster awareness of, pride in, and respect for the best elements of our national culture, aspirations, traditions, and a desire to advance our nation. The current study concentrates on several methods of national integration. Additionally, using secondary data, this study endeavour also outlines the notion of nation and nation characteristics.

The study examined the effect of professional learning communities (PLC) on the achievement of students. PLC is about developing collaborative learning among colleagues to enhance the performance of an organization within a specific environment. Student achievement has defined the performance of students which can be evaluated with the help of tests. Data were gathered from SSTs (N=890) involving three districts (Sheikhupura, Kasur, and Lahore) through a multistage sampling technique. The study adopted the Professional Learning Communities Assessment (PLCA) scale to examine the PLC which was developed by Olivier et al. (2010). Student achievement scores were obtained from their respective schools based on BISE results of 10th grade. The study found that teachers strongly agreed that they were part of PLC in their institutions. The study also found a moderate and significant relationship between both PLC and student achievement (r=.71), and a 41% variance in student achievement could be explained with the help of PLC. Overall, female teachers were found better than male teachers, while urban teachers were better than urban teachers for being part of PLC. The recommendations were also added to the given study.