or enhancing the quality of teachers, the Government of Pakistan introduced the National Professional Standards for Teachers in 2009. The study was qualitative in nature. A case study design was adopted to conduct the research. A purposive criterion sampling technique was used to select the sample. A semi-structured interview and observation checklist was developed by the researcher. The instruments were validated and improved in the light of expertsÂ’ opinions. Research ethics were observed during the study and before the data collection. Themes were generated and interpreted which were relevant to the research questions of the study. The findings of the study indicate that public sector teachers have command of the subject matter knowledge, but lesson planning and proper assessment are missing. It is being recommended that awareness about the National Professional Standards must be created among public sector teachers and teachers should be made bound for planning their instructions according to standards.

The experimental study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Kumon method in comparison with traditional lecture method in the teaching of Mathematics to grade-6. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of Kumon method for academic achievement of children in Mathematics. All students of grade-6 of Fazaia Inter colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was the population.Cluster sampling technique randomly was used. One of the three Fazaia colleges (Grade-6) was selected randomly. All grade-6 students of theselected cluster formed the sample of the study. Data was collected and analyzed by applying t-test and recommendations were given on the basis of findings of the study. This study shows that Kumon method is more effective for teaching mathematics to Grade 6 students in comparison with traditional lecture method and equally helpful in teaching mathematics effectively to boys and girls.

This study aimed to determine the effect of peer tutoring (PT) in enhancing students’ writing skills during English textbook taught to the students of Grade XI. The true experimental research pre/post-test design was used. The sample of the study comprised of 70 male and 58 female students containing each 35 male peer tutoring group (PTG) and non-peer tutoring group NPTG as well as each 29 female PTG and NPTG after matched before intervention. MCQs related to writing skills developed as a tool for data collection process. The tool is used in both pre and post-test for PTG and NPTG. The difference in both groups was calculated using statistical analysis. Linear regression predicted the effect size of male PTG 16.376 points higher (r = 0.860) than NPTG as well as female PTG 12.183 points higher (r = 0.813) than NPTG. These results indicated that PT technique enhanced students’ academic achievement.

This experimental study explored the effect of the 4WsHs active learning model on learning engagement in mathematics classes. The research design used for conducting this study was true experimental research design (pre-test post-test equivalent group design). A sample comprising 190 students selected from two public sector schools was divided into experimental and control groups using a matched random sampling technique. The newly developed active learning model was used as treatment for an experimental group while the same contents of mathematics were taught to the control group using a traditional method. After practice of three months, learning engagement of both groups was measured using a classroom observation checklist. The analyzed data revealed a significant superiority of students belonging to the experimental group over their counterparts in learning engagement. Hence, the newly developed active learning model proved to be effective for developing learning engagement among students.

This study explores the effect of differentiated teaching method vs. traditional teaching method on students’ learning at ‘A’ level. It is an experimental research, conducted in Aitchison College. By applying simple random sampling technique, 70 students are selected as a sample from the population. Pre-test and post-test are conducted for data collection. Research investigates, how differentiated method of teaching effects learners’ academic achievement. The retention level of the students who are taught via differentiated teaching and traditional teaching method is. After conducting a posttest, data is analyzed with pair-sample and independent sample t-test by using SPSS. Analysis shows that the students taught via differentiated teaching have more power of retention than the students taught via traditional teaching methods. The control group perform up to application level while experimental group perform up to evaluation level of cognitive domain.

An experimental research study was designed to analyze the efficiency of accelerated learning to facilitate the understanding of the English language at secondary level. The population of the present study consists of all students of grade 9 who were enrolled in Government High School Heir, Bedian Road Lahore in academic year 2018-2019. By applying simple random sampling technique, sixty-four (64) students were preferred as a sample. Data were collected by conducting pre-test and post-test and analyzed by SPSS software version 21. The analysis pointed out that the students taught through accelerated learning perform better as compared to the students taught via traditional method. Furthermore, it was also found that the students who were taught via accelerated learning method of teaching can perform maximum learning levels of domains as compared to others. The study recommended that subject English should be taught with accelerated learning method of teaching at secondary level.

The researcher aimed at investigating the effects of overcrowded classes on the teaching learning process at secondary level. By nature, this research study was descriptive so survey research design was employed and a closed ended questionnaire having twenty items related to the research problem were developed on five point Likert’s scale for the teachers (Senior Science Teachers) and the 10th grade students of government high schools from three tehsils of district Nankana Sahib. Pilot study was conducted to achieve the reasonable face and content validity and reliability, expert opinions and testretest techniques were used and 0.891 Pearson’s product moment was assured. One hundred (100) questionnaires for SSTs both males and female and 120 questionnaires for students both boys and girls were administered personally and with the help of some friends, six principals both of male and female were interviewed using structured interview schedule data collection technique and data was collected. On the basis of analysis and interpretation of data, indiscipline classes due to overcrowdings affect the teaching learning process badly; the performance of the students is not easily assessed in overcrowded classes and teachers are unable to interact with students easily in overcrowded classes were the conclusions of this research study. The researcher suggested that the government must make it possible to implement the law of recommended class size and reduce the problem by building more classrooms for the students at secondary level. Policy makers may formulate the policies for the effective assessment and evaluation process.

The major and foremost aim of the research had been to observe an effect of (CLT) communicative language teaching approach on functional writing skills among 9th graders in Pakistani high schools. Relevant literature revealed that functional writing skills can be increased through (CLT) communicative language teaching approach. Quasi Experimental design, that is, pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design was used. Threats to internal/external validity were undertaken properly. The pre-test was the same, and it had been used as the post-test as well. Creative compositions related to functional writing skills were examined carefully and were marked as per scoring rubrics. The (CLT) communicative language teaching approach is recommended for English teaching specifically writingrelated tasks in the subject of English.

The objective of this research exercise is to examine how reciprocal teaching affects 7th-grade students reading motivation in the subject of English. To meet the desired objective, the study employed a quasi-experimental design. The intact classes were randomly allocated to the experimental and control group. The experimental group was instructed with reciprocal teaching strategies, while the control group was taught with the traditional method. The Motivations for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) was administered before and after the intervention. The study employed Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design for data collection. The data was analyzed using the independent sample and paired sample t-test. The results of the study revealed that the motivation level of students who were taught with reciprocal teaching is significantly higher than those students who were taught with the traditional method. These results suggest that reciprocal teaching should be incorporated in teacher education programs as appropriate instructional practice for reading.

The study examines the impact of Literacy and Numeracy Drive (LND) on the English language learning outcomes and environment at primary sections of rural and urban public schools of district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. The data were gathered from two public schools: one from a rural area and another from an urban center. The partakers, N=60, served in the controlled and experiment groups. The control group was imparted the prescribed syllabus with the traditional method. In contrast, the experimental group was trained through LND's systematic learning objectives (SLOs), Tablet PCs, specific booklets, and tests. Three pre-tests were conducted before the treatment, and three post-tests were administered after two months of instruction. The study used quasi-experimental methods, and the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 25. The results show a significant improvement in the outcomes of the experimental group, while no significant change was observed in the case of the control group. The results demonstrate that systematic SOL-based language teaching, technological assistance, and hand training help improve the English language pedagogy. The study suggests that such intervention scan enhance the overall English language teaching environment. As a result,the reach of LND should be extended to other sections of public schools