This research investigated the impact of four features of teachers behavior viz. teachers support, facilities provision, security in classroom, and motivation of teachers on five aspects namely agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness personality traits of the students. The technique of Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of 1438 students from a population of 10 graders of the Hazara Division. The questionnaires, for teachers behavior and for exploring the Big Five personality of the students, were used for gathering data from the students. For analysis, Mean (M), standard deviation (S. D), and multiple regression analysis were used. Results showed that Teachers support negatively predicts the agreeableness trait of personality, Provision of facilities positively predicts extraversion factor of personality. Classroom security positively predicts the extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness factors of personality. Teachers motivation positively predicts extraversion, and conscientiousness factor of personality and negatively predicts neuroticism factor of personality.

China is emerging as an economic power of the world and correspondingly it has unleashed a strategy of its sustained economic growth alongside socioeconomic development of the region and beyond, through implementation of its envisaged grand Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In this regard, Pakistanis accommodating China’s flagship project, China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The success of CPEC hinges on the unhindered development and sustenance of Gwadar Port for assured uninterrupted sea - land linkage of CPEC. Besides supporting CPEC, Gwadar Port has gigantic potential to contribute towards Pakistan’s socioeconomic development and improving socioeconomic stature of landlocked Central Asian States. Geopolitics always play its role in all regional and international developments which embody clash of interest among stakeholder states and development of Gwadar Port is no exception. Alongside enormous prospects of payoffs, Gwadar Port encounters serious challenges to its development and sustenance, which have not been much deliberated in academic discourses. This paper, besides ascertaining the socioeconomic impacts of Gwadar Port on Pakistan, China, regional states and CPEC, identifies international repercussions and domestic challenges to Gwadar Port’s success; thus help the policy makers to draw pertinent conclusions.

Regionalpolitics,safetydynamics,andnationalprotectionofSouthAsiaareintensely interlinked with the traditional and non-traditional issues prevailing. A substantial effort and energy are converted into procuring the weapons instead of working towards economic growth. All these crises will have a profound consequence on regional security, ultimately affecting the peace of the rest of the International Community. Superpowers fulfilling their malign agendas through smaller States against Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India in the South Asian region with the promise of aid. The functional regional security architecture is critical to secure South Asia’s development and security. The tower should be capable of vending with traditional and non-traditional security dilemmas.

This article examines climate-smart adaptation strategies and their impact on agriculture and food security in Punjab's Chakwal District, Pakistan. The study assesses climate change effects, evaluates adaptation methods, and identifies challenges for scaling up. Results show climate change is harming agricultural production, affecting weather patterns and reducing yields. Though climate-smart strategies are implemented, their effectiveness needs improvement. Lack of farmer awareness hinders scaling up. Findings stress raising awareness, providing support, and strengthening institutions for adoption. Policymakers, NGOs, and stakeholders can benefit from the study's implications. Efforts should focus on increasing awareness, support, and institutional strengthening for effective implementation. The survey provides insights for future interventions and policies to boost climate resilience in the region.

The study assessed Human Resource Management's (HRM) impact on Pakistan International Airlines' (PIA) performance, exploring its contribution to financial success and the role of employee engagement. 371 valid responses were collected from 400 distributed questionnaires, achieving an 86% response rate, with 35% female and 65% male respondents. Data analysis employed SPSS for descriptive analysis and Cronbach's Alpha for reliability. The study's main goals were to evaluate PIA's HRM practices, revealing a positive HRM effect on performance through SPSS regression analysis. Governance and HRM practices were identified as root challenges. Recommendations included VIP protocol elimination, increased employee development investment, monitored flights by senior staff, and strong HRM implementation to promote efficiency, productivity, and growth. The study stresses a dedicated HR department's importance for competitive advantage, providing insights for PIA's strategic decisions and performance enhancement.

Pakistan and the United States have had a history of complex relations since the former's inception. After the 9/11 attacks, changes were observed in the foreign policy of the United States towards Pakistan, followed by a strategic shift in Pakistan’s approach towards its ally in Afghanistan. This study aims to analyze the implications of the post-9/11 Pak-U.S. alliance by examining the impacts of terrorism and U.S. drone strikes on Pakistan’s national security. The theoretical framework focuses on John Mearsheimer’s theory of offensive realism. The study employs qualitative research methodology and focuses on secondary data. This research argues that as a result of the post-9/11 Pak-U.S. alliance, the national security of Pakistan was compromised. This study opines that a pragmatic foreign policy combined with a comprehensive national security approach is of paramount importance to Pakistan in order to survive and progress.

The bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan has long been overshadowed by mutual mistrust and strategic rivalry, despite deep cultural ties and Pakistan hosting the world's largest Afghan refugee population. This study applies the Trust Theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma framework to analyze the persistent lack of cooperation between the two states. The research highlights how territorial disputes, cross-border terrorism, geopolitical competition, and external interventions have fueled tensions. While both countries occasionally engage in strategic cooperation under international mediation, their interactions are largely shaped by self-interest, security concerns, and historical grievances. The study argues that economic incentives, diplomatic engagement, and institutional mechanisms could help break this cycle of mistrust. However, deep-rooted historical suspicions and external influences continue to hinder long-term cooperation. Economic interdependence and mutual security assurances are crucial for stabilizing Pak-Afghan relations and fostering regional peace.

Artificial intelligence(AI) is a well and indeed done deal, and now the AI economy is not only keeping itself alive but also being regarded as a force for transformation to transform fighting and its prediction and prevention into a global endeavor. Since it can use the power of massive data sources and machine learning and pattern recognition algorithms, AI systems can detect and warn of early signs of conflict so that decision-makers can get a head start. Much more specifically, an emphasis on data can amplify bias or produce incorrect predictions, undermining the trust in the results that AI promises to provide. There are significant ethical, political, and technical challenges to integrating AI into peacekeeping frameworks that need to be carefully walked along to use AI responsibly. It is this paper that studies those dimensions and looks to the future to analyze how AI might be distributed in conflict management.

As Pakistan is heavily reliant on water for agriculture, energy production, and economic stability, climate change is now one of the most critical threats to water security. With aggravating global warming, Pakistan's uncertain and already fragile waters are under a threat from the variability of rainfall and an increase in temperatures, and glaciers receding. This paper analyzes the synergy of climate change and water security in Pakistan, the policy gaps, and strategic responses to minimize the ramifications of the reduced availability of water. The study points out the essentials for overhauling water governance, including reviewing existing practices of water management and the relevant policies. This paper advocates for strong frameworks to improve water security and boost the country's resilience to climate uncertainties.

This study examines the impact of weather change patterns on maize and barley and maize farming in Rawat, District Rawalpindi. Farmers are facing significant issues due to rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and an increase in extreme weather events. Farmers' income has been low because of changing weather patterns, which include high pest problems, low crop production, and high yield costs. The exploratory research method is used in this research. The results show that farmers need fast and proper support. Farmers can deal with problems easily if they have proper farming techniques, regular weather updates, and the help of government experts. These steps are important to keep crops developing well and protect the farmers' daily life in the area like Rawat.