The Geo-Political Implications of the US-China AI and Tech Rivalry
The emerging US-China rivalry over Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cutting-edge technologies has become a fundamental aspect of contemporary global politics. This research explores how the mission for technological dominance between these two major powers is redesigning the geopolitical landscape, transforming long-standing coalitions, and introducing new frontiers of competition such as innovation, data manipulation, and semiconductor supply chains. The research explores critical developments such as the rise of strategic tech-driven coalitions like QUAD and AUKUS in setting global narratives around AI governance. This research applies the theoretical lens of Defensive Realism, which argues that states act to preserve their security in an anarchic international system by countering potential threats. This qualitative study examines how AI leadership and control over innovative technologies are becoming strategic instruments in the restructuring of geopolitical power dynamics.
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US-China, Artificial Intelligence, Tech Rivalry, Geopolitical Implications
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(1) Bushra Haider
M. Phil, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Sobia Hanif
Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Zeeshan Fida
Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Exploring the Challenges of Curriculum Development in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in all domains of society is reshaping the academic landscape, calling for a change in curriculum design and delivery. This systematic review investigates how the educational system is changing to adapt its curriculum to align with the opportunities and challenges created by AI technologies. The four primary theoretical frameworks include Constructivist Learning Theory, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), Digital Capital Theory, and the 21st-Century Skills Framework in the framework of AI education teaching, technical and equity dimensions. The results show that when AI promises personal education, administrative performance, and modern teaching methods, there are important gaps in curriculum education, the preparation of teachers, and moral integration. In combination with current global literature, this study provides valuable insights for teachers, policymakers, and curriculum designers in the AI-powered world.
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Artificial Intelligence, Curriculum Development, Systematic Review, Challenges
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(1) Aima Shafiq
PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Rukhsana Yahya
PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Salma Waheed
PhD Scholar, Department of Educational Research and Assessment, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
Positive Discourse Analysis of Media Narratives on Artificial Intelligence
The framing of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in media discourses affects society's perceptions of AI and its adoption. This research explores the positive narratives of Artificial Intelligence through the lens of framing theory and Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA). This research draws on 15 newspaper articles published on platforms including The News, The Week, and BBC to identify the linguistic and discursive strategies employed to present AI in a positive light. By combining theoretical insights from framing theory and PDA, the study illustrates how media narratives help in creating empowering and inclusive representations of AI. The findings offer important lessons for academics, policymakers, and people in the media and underscore the value of constructive media discourse in determining how society views potential future technologies.
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Artificial Intelligence, Media Framing, Positive Discourse Analysis, Framing Theory, Positive Narratives, Media Discourse, Societal Perception
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(1) Warda Fareed
MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Nasir Muhammad
MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Muattar Hayat
MPhil Scholar, Department of English Literature and Linguistics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Domestic AI Governance, U.S. National Security and International Impacts
This paper examines the evolving framework of domestic Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance in the United States and its implications for national security and global stability. As AI technologies advance rapidly, the U.S. faces increasing pressure to balance innovation, ethical regulation, and security imperatives. The study explores key policy mechanisms, institutional responses, and strategic initiatives shaping AI governance, including federal oversight, private-sector collaboration, and defense applications. It also assesses how domestic governance decisions influence international norms, competition, and cooperation in AI development. Through a multidisciplinary analysis combining policy review and security studies, the paper highlights the dual challenge of maintaining U.S. technological leadership while mitigating geopolitical risks and ethical concerns. The findings underscore the need for a coherent AI governance strategy that safeguards national interests, promotes responsible innovation, and supports a stable international AI order.
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Artificial Intelligence, AI Governance, U.S. National Security, Policy Framework, Technological Leadership, Global Stability, International Relations
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(1) Muhammad Abbas Ashraf
MPhil Scholar, Department of Business Analytics, Trine University, USA (United States of America).
Grok and Public Trust: A Study of Algorithmic Authority in the 2025 Pakistan-India Crisis
This study explores public trust in Grok, an AI fact-checking tool on X (Twitter), during the 2025 Pakistan-India war. Using Media Dependency Theory, it examines how Grok shaped trust, fact-checking behavior, and perceptions of journalistic authority. A mixed-methods survey of 380 respondents measured trust, dependency, and views on AI’s role in crisis reporting. Findings show moderately high trust in Grok, moderate trust in journalists, and a perception that Grok was more reliable during the conflict. However, most participants favored human-AI collaboration over replacing reporters. Dependency on Grok was moderate and positively linked to trust. While respondents feared misinformation, they still valued AI for verification. Overall, the study suggests AI will not replace journalism but is becoming a parallel authority, influencing how audiences navigate uncertainty in conflict situations.
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Artificial Intelligence, Grok, Public Trust in AI, Journalism, Crisis Communication, Media Dependency Theory, Fact-Checking, Misinformation.
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(1) Tayyaba Paracha
MS Scholar, Department of Media Studies, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Waqas Amjad
MS, Information Security, National University of Sciences & Techonology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Qasim Ali Shah
PhD, Department of Developmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
