The emerging trend of the use of LMS (Learning Management System) in higher educational institutes is improving the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this research was to find out the perspectives of teachers towards the use of LMS. The phenomenological case study approach was the focus of this study. All the teachers who were involved in course, section, and teachers allocations in LMS were taken as the participants of the study. The sample was selected by purposeful and convenient sampling techniques. Six teachers gave interviews, while 12 teachers filled the open-ended questionnaire from three campuses of the University of Education, Lahore. Thematic analysis of data indicated that there were four main categories of faculty perceptions towards using the Learning Management System. These were advantages, disadvantages, features, and problems faced by teachers in LMS. The researchers recommended intensive training of university faculty and students in the employment of the LMS.

The semester system helps the students in learning more than the annual system. The semester system is very much effective in higher education. But at the same time, it creates many problems for students. The purpose of the study is that find out the problem in the semester system and its advantages disadvantages. During the semester system, students faced many problems. Hence the major purpose of the study is to find the difficulties during exams and presentations, assignments,shortage of time, etc. Its solutions and opinion of students. The population of the study was first semester students selected non-randomly and taken 20 students for interview. Two government universities were visited for this purpose. It was a qualitative study that ways followed the step of thematic analysis calculation is that the semester system is the opposite annual system. The semester system exam was held after six months, and students faced a problem because of shortage time anxiety for the exam. Semester system significant is that in which each academic year is divided into two periods. It develops presentation skills and confidence through the semester system.

The study examines the impact of Literacy and Numeracy Drive (LND) on the English language learning outcomes and environment at primary sections of rural and urban public schools of district Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. The data were gathered from two public schools: one from a rural area and another from an urban center. The partakers, N=60, served in the controlled and experiment groups. The control group was imparted the prescribed syllabus with the traditional method. In contrast, the experimental group was trained through LND's systematic learning objectives (SLOs), Tablet PCs, specific booklets, and tests. Three pre-tests were conducted before the treatment, and three post-tests were administered after two months of instruction. The study used quasi-experimental methods, and the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 25. The results show a significant improvement in the outcomes of the experimental group, while no significant change was observed in the case of the control group. The results demonstrate that systematic SOL-based language teaching, technological assistance, and hand training help improve the English language pedagogy. The study suggests that such intervention scan enhance the overall English language teaching environment. As a result,the reach of LND should be extended to other sections of public schools

COVID-19 has disturbed the record of the activities in the world.But education is the only diligence that moved entirely in the online method in most of the countries. And virtual learning and teaching as well as the best option to continue the education throughout the covid-19 pandemic,particularly in tertiary learning. The purpose of this study is to know the motivation level of L2 learners during the pandemic. For that purpose, 1015 undergraduate students were selected randomly from the University of Education FSD campus. The quantitative method was used, and data was analyzed through SPSS software. A questionnaire was distributed among all the students and asked to fill it out. After analyzing the data, it has been seen that covid-19 did not affect the motivation level of the students. It is recommended that Govt. should take bold steps and provide funds to students and teachers as well to continue the education properly.

The Criminal Justice System (CJS) is an inter-dependent multi-organizational justice sector comprising police, prosecution, courts, corrections and many other government agencies. These governmental institutions along with one private force in the shape of the defence lawyers; are primarily responsible for the administration of CJS. The imbalance among these institutions and separate working without meaningful coordination and cooperation to uphold justice are key elements for making CJS ineffective, inefficient, and expensive and even paralyzing it. An Appropriate balance among these institutions and joined up working to uphold justice are the key elements to make the CJS effective, efficient even inexpensive. No single organization can make the CJS effective and efficient. Synergy among the judiciary, prosecution, police and other inter-dependent agencies and authorities is necessary for making the CJS simpler, faster, cheaper and people-friendly. With the help of qualitative and analytical research methodology, this article explores the imbalances in the working of CJS and explains the need for joined working and alignment of the CJS as a way forward and practical solution for making CJS efficient, effective, simpler, faster, cheaper and people friendly.

Health Care Delivery System, also abbreviated as HCDS, is a system devised by the state for the proper delivery of health care for their populations.This is a service providing system in which society's health is determined and steps are taken to maintain it. The aim of this article is to compare the healthcare delivery system (HCDS) of Pakistan and Russia. This research article presents the basic concept behind the health care delivery systems of two countries to take notice of the importance of human beings and take steps to maintain and promote the healthy life of the people of the community.Findings show the efficacy of this HCDS varies with the resources, demands and needs of the individuals along with the availability of finances. All the participants of a community receive the healthcare services continuously including health promotion, prevention of diseases, diagnosis and disease management, followed by rehab with palliative care. All of these are delivered at different levels of the system, at different sites of care as per the requirement of the users.

The political system of Pakistan is comprised of a multi-party system; therefore, the formation of alliances and counter alliances by the political parties is a common feature of its political culture. Pakistan's political history reveals that alliances are formed against authoritarian military regimes.The alliances were also formed to cope with the civilian administration of popular leaders, as they are accused of benefiting from rigged elections, and authoritarian policies and being responsible for the economic crisis. During the military regime of Ayub Khan, the opposition alliances succeeded in removing Field Marshal Ayub Khan from the presidency as he failed to cope with its pressure in the late 1960s. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of these political alliances during the martial law regime of Ayub Khan.To what extent are they sincere in their cause of developing a viable political system in the country? What circumstances led to the formation of these alliances? What was the impact of these alliances on the Pakistani political spectrum? The present study has attempted to answer some of these questions.

Employees working in the workplace are electronically monitored in this digital age of globalization and digitization. Managing attendance by old-style methods is a tedious job putting signatures on attendance registers these days. Universities working under the influence of digitization have adopted bio metric attendance management systems. This study is an attempt to study the advantages and disadvantages of a bio metric attendance management system installed in the context of a university. The convenience research approach was employed as a research design to carry this research. It is qualitative research, and the data gathering gadget was the observation and discussion method. Researchers observed bio metric attendance management system operation critically and minutely for around two months and noted various modes and behaviors drawing outcomes. Findings displayed that the bio metric attendance management system has certain advantages and disadvantages. Advantages encompassed real-time in and out tracking, easy attendance record maintenance, work performance improvement, and controlling employee absenteeism. Conversely, disadvantages comprised job stress, disturbance due to load shedding of electricity, fear of salary deduction,and delay reaching to classes.

This systematic review of forty articles aims to synthesise the increasing number of work done on work engagement and job characteristics by analysing the preferred sources from 2017 to 2021. The research studies were carefully chosen according to the researcher's inclusion criteria. The all-encompassing review of the literature has included an introduction,significance, and review of 'job characteristics theory, 'job demand theory', and elaborates innovative definition of 'work engagement' in the light of the literature review. The analyses were performed in terms of annual scientific production, most relevant sources, Bradford's law, source growth, tree map, and word dynamics through biblioshiny. MS Excel was used to evaluate the research studies. This systematic review will be beneficial to organisations and policymakers to plan the characteristics of jobs effectively to promote employee participation. Emphasis on the employees' work engagement and job characteristics will support apprehending the dream of a perfect workplace.

This paper aims at building frequency profiles based on transitivity patterns of a small number of text corpora belonging to Pakistani English newspaper editorials. The profiles have been built by using UAM Corpus Tool (O’ Donnell, 2008) to explore transitivity features. The empirical analysis then has been compared with the frequency profiles of English language (Matthiessen, 2006 and Stubbs, 1996) to establish common features. The present work draws inspiration by Michael Halliday who is known as one of the pioneer corpus linguists since his early work on the Chinese language (Halliday 1956, cited in Halliday 1993). Mapping his (ibid) study on the BNC model he concluded that the relative frequencies of past and non-past are about 50-50 and the relative frequencies of positive and negative are about 9-1 (reported in Halliday 1993). Similarly, the present study looks closer to Standard English, and this is partially because the editorials are written by professional writers, and are well edited before printing.