Positive psychological well-being is essential for engaging children in school and family life. This research examines the influence of deviant factors (virtual violence, bullying, and socioeconomic status) on the psychological well-being of schoolchildren in rural South Punjab. Using convenience sampling, 200 male students from government lower-secondary schools across six districts were recruited for this quantitative cross-sectional research. AMOS 21.0 was used to apply Structural Equation Modeling to assess the impact of deviant factors on the students’ psychological well-being. The results reveal that virtual violence causes a 15.1% variance, representing the most considerable negative impact on schoolchildren’s psychological well-being among all deviant factors. This research concludes that the three deviant factors affect students' emotional resilience and mental state, resulting in their poor psychological well-being. Hence, it is strongly recommended that school management, teachers, and parents collaborate to create a healthier environment through awareness programs and parental guidance initiatives.

Current and emerging trends in architectural education in Pakistan are changing locally and internationally, equally by environmental and socio- cultural factors. Especially with the current global trend towards more sustainability, Architectural education works to prepare its students for the current and future architectural practice. It has become critical aspect of Architectural education to raise awareness among future architects about the environmental impact of Architecture. In this context, promoting the term of “sustainable architectural education” has become a current trend globally. Consequently, the schools of architecture have integrated sustainability principles in their curricula, world wide. This shift raises key questions regarding the structural models and integration approaches used to incorporate sustainability education into architectural programs. The objectives of this paper is to examine the structural models adopted by selected schools of architecture in the city of Lahore and to assess the extent to which sustainability knowledge is emphasized within their curricula.

As a developing country, Pakistan is more dependent on conventional, non-friendly energy sources and technology that increases its ecological footprint and causes environmental degradation. The study's primary goal is to analyze the environmental issues by advocating renewable energy usage and green technological innovation in Pakistan. Using data from 1980 to 2021, the results based on the ARDL model confirm an Environment Kuznet Curve hypothesis in the long and short run. Further, the growing green technological innovation positively relates to improved environmental quality in Pakistan. Environmental quality and renewable energy consumption are also positively associated.

The bilateral relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan has long been overshadowed by mutual mistrust and strategic rivalry, despite deep cultural ties and Pakistan hosting the world's largest Afghan refugee population. This study applies the Trust Theory and the Prisoner's Dilemma framework to analyze the persistent lack of cooperation between the two states. The research highlights how territorial disputes, cross-border terrorism, geopolitical competition, and external interventions have fueled tensions. While both countries occasionally engage in strategic cooperation under international mediation, their interactions are largely shaped by self-interest, security concerns, and historical grievances. The study argues that economic incentives, diplomatic engagement, and institutional mechanisms could help break this cycle of mistrust. However, deep-rooted historical suspicions and external influences continue to hinder long-term cooperation. Economic interdependence and mutual security assurances are crucial for stabilizing Pak-Afghan relations and fostering regional peace.

Education plays a crucial role in social mobility by providing individuals with the tools to access better economic opportunities and improved social status. This paper explores the impact of educational attainment on social mobility, highlighting how it empowers individuals and bridges social classes. Through a literature review, the study establishes a direct link between education and upward mobility, particularly for disadvantaged groups. It examines formal, informal, and lifelong learning and their influence on raising living standards. The research investigates barriers to quality education economic, social, and political and how they perpetuate social inequality. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study demonstrates that education is a key driver of economic and social transformation. It emphasizes the need to improve educational access, especially in underserved communities, to promote social mobility and overall societal welfare. The paper offers policy recommendations to reduce educational disparities and support lifelong learning for all social groups.

The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) of India played a pivotal role in shaping the political, social, and economic landscape of the Indian subcontinent. Established by Qutbuddin Aibak in 1206, the Sultanate saw the rise of several dynasties including the Mamluks, Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids, and Lodi. This study analyses the factors which contributed to the rapid expansion and eventual decline of the Delhi Sultanate. It highlights how military prowess, administrative innovations, and religious policies enabled the Sultans to consolidate power over vast territories. However, internal weaknesses, administrative inefficiencies, economic turmoil, and external invasions, including Timur's raid and Babur's conquest in 1526, accelerated its downfall. The study also explores the impact of Mongol threats, shifting alliances, and rebellions that weakened central authority. Furthermore, it assesses the socio-cultural legacy of the Sultanate, including architectural advancements, Persian influence, and the integration of Islamic and Indian traditions.

This article explores the complexities of China's relations with African countries, especially Angola and Sudan. It explores the large investments that China has made in infrastructure, energy, and natural resource extraction, both the promise of economic growth and the attendant issues of sustainability, debt dependence, and indigenous capacity development. In Sudan, China's economic and military presence showcases the country's strategic interests in stabilizing the area but poses vital questions about governance and human rights. Similarly, Angola's reliance on Chinese loans for infrastructure development illustrates the merits of foreign investment, while the heavy debt burden threatens "debt-trap diplomacy." The research underlines the imperative for both countries to prioritize inclusive development, increase local labor employment, and ensure that investments underpin socio-economic resilience. Finally, the paper argues that mutual gains in Sino-African relations should manifest in tangible improvement of the local people, creating long-term development and economic self-reliance.

Digital financial inclusion enables the integration of millions of underprivileged individuals into the financial system, making poverty alleviation increasingly achievable. In a developing country like Pakistan, which has a large unbanked population, this presents a significant opportunity for economic empowerment through mobile banking, digital wallets, and fintech innovations. These tools enhance financial participation by improving access to savings, credit, and financial literacy. This research highlights how digital financial inclusion can significantly contribute to poverty alleviation. However, key challenges remain, including limited digital infrastructure, gender disparities, cybersecurity risks, and low trust in digital systems. By examining both policy frameworks and grassroots initiatives, this study offers actionable insights into how these barriers can be addressed. It emphasizes that digital finance, when effectively implemented, can promote sustainable development and help bridge economic disparities in Pakistan’s rapidly evolving digital economy.

September 11, 2001, brought phenomenal changes in international relations by dramatically changing the regional as well as global dynamics of politics and economics. Pakistan, being a close ally of the US in the war against terrorism, had suffered great loss in terms of financial setback to its economy as well as loss of human lives. The devastating impacts of fighting the war against terrorism had posed serious security threats for Pakistan but however, at the same time, it came close to China in the rapidly changing geopolitical and economic changes in the post-9/11 era. The strategic partnership with China increased exponentially in many fields of cooperation, especially in the shape of CPEC after 2013, which is considered a game-changer for both friendly neighbors of South Asia. The economic and military cooperation between the two countries witnessed high collaboration in various fields.

Framed within a review-based design, this study synthesises existing theoretical explanations of suicidality. It offers economic, sociological, and psychological perspectives on suicidality. The conclusion is that sociological theories of suicide focus on the significance of the social environment, social relationships, and other socio-economic and cultural factors in the aetiology of suicide, providing an understanding from the viewpoint of social interaction. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour suggests that an individual will not die by suicide unless they have both the desire to do so and the ability to carry it out. For attempting suicide, feelings of burdensomeness and low belongingness alone are insufficient; instead, one must be capable of attempting it, meaning the ability to acquire lethal self-injury. Economic problems or insatiability are key factors contributing to an increase in suicide rates, with economic instability according to Durkheim encompassing both economic booms and recessions.