As Pakistan is heavily reliant on water for agriculture, energy production, and economic stability, climate change is now one of the most critical threats to water security. With aggravating global warming, Pakistan's uncertain and already fragile waters are under a threat from the variability of rainfall and an increase in temperatures, and glaciers receding. This paper analyzes the synergy of climate change and water security in Pakistan, the policy gaps, and strategic responses to minimize the ramifications of the reduced availability of water. The study points out the essentials for overhauling water governance, including reviewing existing practices of water management and the relevant policies. This paper advocates for strong frameworks to improve water security and boost the country's resilience to climate uncertainties.

In the current world, the experiences within campus environments play a pivotal role in shaping the learner’s cognitive and developmental experiences.  Much research is already being conducted regarding the challenges faced by students in public universities, such as academic difficulties, mental health issues, and campus safety concerns; however, it does not delve into how these challenges manifest differently for various marginalized groups, including those from rural areas, minority ethnicities, and low-income backgrounds. This research proposal aims to investigate the experiences of marginalized student groups within the campus environment of a public sector university located in the Federal Capital of Pakistan. The research, thereby using a qualitative method in which interviews will analyze the experiences faced by marginalized students in depth using Interactional Narrative Analysis. By synthesizing findings, the research will offer actionable recommendations for policy, practice, and future research aimed at fostering inclusivity, equity, and student success within the public sector university.

Digital financial inclusion enables the integration of millions of underprivileged individuals into the financial system, making poverty alleviation increasingly achievable. In a developing country like Pakistan, which has a large unbanked population, this presents a significant opportunity for economic empowerment through mobile banking, digital wallets, and fintech innovations. These tools enhance financial participation by improving access to savings, credit, and financial literacy. This research highlights how digital financial inclusion can significantly contribute to poverty alleviation. However, key challenges remain, including limited digital infrastructure, gender disparities, cybersecurity risks, and low trust in digital systems. By examining both policy frameworks and grassroots initiatives, this study offers actionable insights into how these barriers can be addressed. It emphasizes that digital finance, when effectively implemented, can promote sustainable development and help bridge economic disparities in Pakistan’s rapidly evolving digital economy.

This article explores the institutionalization of the Islamic governance principles of adl (justice), shufra (consultation), muhasbah (accountability), maqasid (public interest), and stewardship in Pakistan and Malaysia. A corpus of 2000 current documentary resources was compiled. The analysis reveals two different pathways. Malaysia has placed more stress on procedural formalism: compulsory consultations with published minutes and response to comments, earlier audits with more prominent follow-through, and ex-post facto reasoning (which invariably indicates constitutional preeminence) to cope with civil Sharīah overlaps. Pakistan more frequently mobilizes adl and public interest through adjudication and public-interest litigation, which produces salient precedents and access via legal-aid references, but with less routinization of consultative and stewardship protections in social and family-law arenas. Our suggested reforms include standardized consultation windows and reason-giving, cross-system standing reference procedures, maqasid-congruent public scorecards in priority sectors, and a new module we call neo-Sufi accountability.

This research study aims to draw attention to the most strategically significant province of Pakistan that has been neglected for decades by different governments of different eras in Pakistan. The nature of this study is qualitative, and the data have been collected by secondary sources such as research papers, newspapers, and websites. The tribes’ chives and the Baluch are abided by their old traditions and customs, but Pakistan’s attitude towards Baluchistan is the same as that of Baluchistan being subjugated by Pakistan. Baluchis merely want Pakistan to use the natural resources of Baluchistan not as a subjugated property, but the resources should be used considering Baluchistan as a federal unit. In the exchange of utilization of these resources, Pakistan has to work for the betterment and prosperity of Baluchistan, respect for the people of Baluchistan, and the Baluch leadership. Pakistan needs to correct its past mistakes and exert all efforts to win the confidence of the people of Baluchistan.

This paper will analyze the progress and the failure of Pakistan to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) within the period of 2015 to 2024. In 2011, Pakistan ratified the CRPD and did some federal and provincial changes in laws to foster inclusion and rights of persons with disabilities. Despite these formal promises, difficulties still lie ahead in the interpretation of laws and policies into effective educational, employment access and social engagement outcomes. The study uses a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach and relies on secondary data, such as, official reports, laws, and scholarly materials. Based on Capability Approach and State Capacity Theory, used to connect institutional capacity with the actual inclusion outcomes. The study will also help in giving a comprehensive review of the legal reform, policy measures, and institutional initiatives, during 2015-2024 in Pakistan in order to adhere to the international disability rights provisions.

This paper discusses how restorative justice (RJ) can be used to reduce prison overcrowding in Pakistan, using the mediation process. Slow processing of crimes and high levels of undertrial detention are the reason of overcrowding. The research is a mixed-methods study, which incorporates legal, prison data, and interviews with the stakeholders to determine whether RJ can alleviate overcrowding through diversion of viable cases out of the prison system. The results indicate that mediation can be used to minimise the remand time and prison admissions, especially in minor interpersonal and property cases. Nevertheless, it has minimal effects on more severe crimes like drug crimes. The success of RJ relies on the protection of the safeguards, such as voluntariness, protection of the victims, and judicial supervision. This paper concludes that RJ mediation, when done appropriately, can assist in decreasing overcrowding and enhancing the efficiency of the criminal justice system.

This qualitative research work focuses on social, psychological and physical experiences of polygamous first wives in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. The semi-structured interviews, informed by Feminist Theory and Intersectionality, were carried out with 11 first wives and their interviews analyzed through the use of the thematic analysis. Eight themes were identified as being associated and connected: emotional neglect, social marginalization, psychological distress, physical health degradation, religious justification and gendered silence, economic dependency, coping mechanisms and identity reconstruction. The subjects indicated the loss of emotional support, social respect, anxiety, sleeping difficulties. The results indicate that polygamy is a socially constructed institution, which supports gendered inequalities in rural Pakistan. The increased enforcement of family laws, the increase of community-based counseling and mental-health services, the enhancement of gender- sensitive religious education, and women economic empowerment are necessary to increase well-being in polygamous families.

This paper analyzes the sociological connection between religiosity, socioeconomic disparity, and health behaviors among Pakistani university students based on the sociological framework. The multistage stratified random sampling was used to obtain 384 students at the University of Sargodha to complete a quantitative cross-sectional survey. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between religiosity and health behaviors. Family income and perceived social status were also found to be important predictors and there was no statistically significant influence of age and education level.  The paper will be a contribution to sociology of health because it will reveal the combined effects of culturally embedded religious norms and structural inequalities on health behavior among young adults in Pakistan and it will have a significant implication on culturally sensitive health promotion interventions and equity-based health promotion in higher education institutions.

Good governance has become a focal point of good administration of the populace, and sustainable development, especially in developing nations, where institutional weaknesses tend to discredit the state's capacity. This paper analyses the concept and reality of good governance in the Pakistani public service with special reference to transparency, accountability, and bureaucratic corruption. Regardless of the numerous governance reforms and introduction of accountability mechanisms, Pakistan has been grappling with poor service delivery, poor institutional control, and deteriorating trust in the institutions of the state. Qualitative research design was used in the collection of data, which was conducted based on semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and secondary governance indicators. The results indicate that policy systems that promote good governance are formally present, but there is inconsistency in their execution because of political interventions, poor accountability systems, and the presence of bureaucratic cultures.