or enhancing the quality of teachers, the Government of Pakistan introduced the National Professional Standards for Teachers in 2009. The study was qualitative in nature. A case study design was adopted to conduct the research. A purposive criterion sampling technique was used to select the sample. A semi-structured interview and observation checklist was developed by the researcher. The instruments were validated and improved in the light of expertsÂ’ opinions. Research ethics were observed during the study and before the data collection. Themes were generated and interpreted which were relevant to the research questions of the study. The findings of the study indicate that public sector teachers have command of the subject matter knowledge, but lesson planning and proper assessment are missing. It is being recommended that awareness about the National Professional Standards must be created among public sector teachers and teachers should be made bound for planning their instructions according to standards.

This study is intended to find out the effects of demographic variables on the perceptions of university administrators about the implementation of e-learning management and delivery practices. Simple Random Sampling technique was exercised to choose public and private sector universities which were functioning in Lahore and Gujranwala division, recognized by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. The data was collected from university academic administrators. A pilot study was conducted to develop a questionnaire for administrators. Data were analyzed through SPSS-21. Findings were confirmed that the four demographic variables have a significant effect on the perceptions of university administrators about elearning management practices and delivery practices. Therefore, it is recommended that universities should focus on demographic variables on changing the perception of the administrators during implementing the e-learning infrastructure.

This study analyses the influence of high-performance work systems on organizational performance. As, previous studies have mostly focused on individual HR practices in determining the influence of HR practices on performance so research is needed to analyze the combined effect of HRM practices as system to understand the importance of HR on performance. Based on AMO framework, this study investigated the effect of HR system on organizational performance using employees’ perspectives in highly interdependent work settings. In this study, primary data was obtained from 218 bank branches in collaboration with Institute of bankers Pakistan and bank management in the form of managers’ and employees’ perceptions about HPWS and its effect on performance. Results suggest that HPWS was significantly linked to deposits, advances and unit level profitability. Results pointed out new insights to HPWSperformance literature from employees perspectives.

Teachers are given a moral code and expected to follow the ethics while working in institutions. Monitoring authorities are responsible for observing the school teachers’ enactment of the professional code and take action against delinquents. The present study investigates professionalism as a moral code of secondary school teachers by a survey of their perceptions. A questionnaire and observation sheet were used as data collection tools. The sample of the study was forty schools and 120 teachers from Bahawalpur District in Pakistan chosen through multistage sampling. Results through mean comparison using a paired t- test indicated that the majority of teachers had insight about professionalism but did not practice it. It is therefore recommended that education departments should utilize this aspect in their teachers and deploy special mechanisms for the practice of professionalism.

The present research is aimed at assessing the extent to which university teachers employ student-centered learning, independent learners, higher order thinking, usability in real world and a conducive learning environment. Demographic differences like gender, age, experience and position differences in teachers’ usage of constructivist practices are explored. Six dimensions of the constructivist practices questionnaire are sorted through the use of exploratory factor analysis. It is identified that many teachers use the constructivist pedagogical practices at a moderate level. No significant difference is found in the use of constructivist practices of gender and experience strata, while significant difference is present in the constructivist practices of teachers in age and position strata.

This paper compares the mathematics teaching practices of private and public high school teachers in Punjab. Two hundred public and 180 private school teachers were selected by using random sampling technique from district Sahiwal. The quantitative data was collected by using a Likert type 58 questionnaire items. The questionnaire consisted of six parts: mathematic teaching practices, mathematic effective students’ instruction, mathematic resources availability, use of mathematic resources, use of instructional techniques and evaluation techniques used by the teachers. The study indicated that private school teacher teach in cooperative environment, individual concentration, small group discussion and encourage students in mathematic classrooms as compared to public school teachers. They write equations to represent concept and then engage students in problem solving and practice computational skill as compared to public school teachers. Public school teachers highly believe that text book is primary instructional tool for teaching. They practice difficult problem by drill in their classes. Although Public school teachers are well trained, qualified and experienced yet they emphasize rote learning which is a big hurdle in conceptual understanding. Provision of material resources in public schools is high. Mathematic curriculum document, manipulative, measuring devices, and spreadsheets, worksheet calculators, teacher guide and computers as teaching resources are available in public schools. Whereas, helping books and calculators’ availability is better in private schools.

Since last decade corporate sustainability has been of great interest to practitioners and researchers, both. Successful implementation of sustainability practices is vital for organizational survival and competitive advantage. Based on institutional theory, this study aims at to enhance understanding regarding the relationship of sustainability practices and corporate performance directly and indirectly through non-financial performance. Data from managerial level employees of manufacturing and services providing organizations of Pakistan was collected through a survey questionnaire. Based on 346 participants’ responses we found that sustainability practices (exploration and exploitation) have significant relationship with financial and market performance. The multi-mediation analysis shows that all mediators partially mediate the relationship between sustainability practices and corporate performance. In the context of Pakistan, this study is the first of its kind to validate sustainability practices scale.

Ethical consideration has a fundamental importance in conducting any research. It plays an important role, especially in social science. This study is designed to examine the perceptions and practices of research students towards ethical concerns in conducting social sciences research. A survey design was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised all the public sector universities of Pakistan. The sample of 26 public universities was selected from all administrative areas of Pakistan. Document review was further used to identify ethical concerns in social sciences research and a self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. This study revealed that students were not completely aware of the ethical norms of their research in social sciences. Most of the research students do not obey the research norm during conducting their study in social sciences. This study also highlights the impact of research aptitude on the quality of research and it helps to improve the performance of students in the context of research.

Human resource has been the pivotal factor for sustainable development of any organization. The study aims at finding the effects of institutional activities of human resource development currently in place in the public and private universities in Pakistan and to develop an appropriate faculty development framework/model to improve current level of performance. The research was limited to the Punjab province. The sample of the study included executive and administrative heads, HR mangers and faculty members of social sciences department of ten randomly selected universities of Punjab. Data from was gathered through a self-developed and piloted questionnaire HRDAS and analyzed using statistical software (AMOS) version 21 and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework/model. The results reflect that the formation and recruitment process for human capital, training and development, compensation and profit and mentoring, contribute significantly to the growth of faculties and organizations. The suggested model will improve faculty and institutional performance.

The current study aims to examine the influence of bundles of development and maintenance HR practices on employee's behavior of work engagement through learning goal orientation. The sample size of the study was 370. Data were collected from different Pakistan oil refineries through a self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed through covariance-based SEM by using AMOS. Findings of the study confirmed the proposed study associations and revealed that both development and maintenance HR practices are positively and significantly associated with employee's behavior of work engagement and learning goal orientation partially mediates between the association of bundles of HR practices (development and maintenance) and work engagement. The authors contribute to the stream of knowledge by explicating the overall additive impact of segregated bundles of the development and maintenance of HR practices on work engagement through mediating effect of learning goal orientation between HR bundles and work engagement. Present study forwards implications for both theory and practice