Affordable and sustainable access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a key public health issue and focus of Sustainable Development Goals. Literature showed that households having prior knowledge and an acceptable attitude towards WASH practices have less number of diseases. The main objective of the study was to explore the level of respondents' knowledge, attitude and practices towards safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in South Punjab, Pakistan. The study was mixed-method research. SPSS also applied, and results demonstrate that there was very lack of knowledge about safe WASH practices; the majority of respondents have a traditional attitude. Whereas only 27.3% of respondents have always access to safe drinking water, 96% of respondents were not using any domestic water treatment method, 22.9% were defecating in the open, and the percentage of always handwashing with soap was found to only 29.6%. Social Mobilization programs along with government action to ensure safe WASH conditions are recommended.

In the present era, knowing the students' intention towards online learning has become necessary due to the persisting situations of the COVID-19. The current study explores the teaching of English to Biological Science students through online to explore their intentions towards online learning due to different waves of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The study used a rational method that utilizes cross-sectional data.The study employed a random sampling technique to trace the respondents.By using the AMOS, the results of a study underline a positive significant effect of performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), and perceived usefulness (PU) on intention towards online learning (ITOL) among the Biological Science students. The findings of the study are significant as they provide valuable insights to comprehend the elements that influence online learning (OL)concerning the teaching of English as a second language.

The published literature reviewed indicates that the subject of current research has remained away from scholarly focus. The existing academic literature shows that studies on electoral politics largely focused on social and political determinants of voting behavior. The current study explains that sociology-historical material trajectory of the voting process. This has been continuously shaping aset of dispositions of people through the continued interplay of base structure and superstructure, which have a deep impact on voter choice formation. These dispositions formulate a neo liberal habit us and shape electoral choices of voters controlled by super structural forces who control the process of elections. The present study aimed at investigating the dynamics of voters’ choices. Why do voters vote? This is a key research question that has been explored in this paper.This research focuses on issues in which even electoral systems are operating,and these systems are manufacturing voting choices. The relationship of base structure and superstructures are the major framework that determines the behavior of voters in the larger electoral process. This is qualitative and theoretical study, and evidence have been taken from Hazara and Pothohar regions of Pakistan.

There are multiple challenges to CPEC,and one amongst many is developmental-ism. In developmental-ism, the idea of development is imposed on the masses without their consent.This paper is an attempt to analyze selected challenges to CPEC along with developmental-ism. The socialization o fdevelopment plans and infrastructure with a social cause tocreates multiple challenges and opportunities. The questions whether a CPEC being a development plan can meet emerging challenges in politics and development? How does CPEC address these challenges? The present study explains the various challenges related to CPEC as a game-changer developmental project. The major challenges are strategic impacts of CPEC on Pakistan, profit rate charged by China on loans regarding CPEC, its effects on Pakistan's balance of payment, environmental issues, security costs, regional and international impacts, etc. The internal and external challenges are also shaping potential threats to mount pressure on the development projects of CPEC, which cause undermine the economic interests of different actors in the region

This research concerns the process of nation-building in developing states with a focus on Pakistan. The study explores hurdles in the process of nation-building in Pakistan. In this connection, the study takes into account key political disparities such as uneven representation of various ethnic groups and regions in legislature and provincial assemblies, state-led cosmetic political reforms and feudalism and biradri-based political system that exist in various administrative units (and their tiers) of the state. The study also highlights the major administrative flaws and demographic shifts and divisions that are hampering the process of nation-building in Pakistan. The research also details the economic disparities found in various forms and at various levels in the state which minimize the prospects of nation-building in Pakistan. The study concludes that nation-building is always a state-controlled process and Pakistan has hardly addressed various hindrances in nation-building process such as political, demographic, administrative and economic issues of the various administrative units (and their tiers) as a state.

The awakening has spoken to women's issues across time in many corners of the world regardless of caste, faith, nationality. Being a semi-autobiographical American-Novel, The Awakening was a catharsis against the late-19th-century Victorian constraints on Southern American women. The text challenged the hold of Victorian shackles on women's social, personal, marital, and sexual rights. Although the text had poor critical reception in its own time, it was reaccredited in the 1950s. Since then, the novel has kept on enlightening its readers through its powerful female-characters across times and cultures. This study revisits how the text reflected women's individualism; how readers responded to it, and how it has contributed a change to women's position. The analogy also signifies the degree to which the study could encourage the suppressed women's voice in Pakistan against—social, personal, marital, sexual —injustices that are done to them under cultural shackles, religious romanticizing, and androcentric norms.

'With Justin Williams' 'spatial justice' and Pierre Bordieu's 'role of gender', this article explores how gender socialization is the outcome of spatial correspondences and how the biological concerns regarding gender, specifically in third world countries like Pakistan, are the catalysts in this process of gender socialization. In this regard, this article delimits Jamil Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon to exhibit the cultural interpellation concerning gender disparity in establishing spatial justice. Space contributes to the socio-political and cultural consciousness that lets the gender know his/her location in a given social boundary. This gendered location is significant concerning a privileged stature of patriarchal/matriarchal mindset and performances. On the other hand, the phenomenon of spatial justice literalizes and materializes these mindsets and performances. This article examines the shift from individual consciousness to a social identity hence locates the impact of space in allocating a role to the gender.

China and India are rising powers of Asia. Both Asian giants have to adopt the policy of interdependence by growing economic ties; on the other side, they have a strict stance on border disputes. This article describes in detail the bilateral relationship between China-India, especially under the Modi doctrine, during his first term. Secondly, it also discusses the limitation of these growing ties and growing concerns for Pakistan. The basic argument of this article is that the growing economic interdependence will affect Pakistan, especially if this interdependence transfer from the economic to military dimension. The whole data is based on exploratory in nature. A qualitative research method has been used to achieve the research goals. Tools used for data collection include oral interviews and content analysis of the existing literature on the subject in the form of books, official reports and research articles. The relevant literature has been objectively analyzed to reach a meaningful conclusion.

Construction of perception and commodification of foresight is a political tool to hold control over the means of production and enhance a hegemonic control over the public sphere, imagination, and even mass perceptions. Foresight is a process to (re)produce commodities, but the process is itself a commodity. Foresight has become a commodity; now, it is a market product for sale and purchase. Politics of prospects related to CPEC and the construction of perceptions and meanings attached to the development process is a significant component of foresight.This paper is primarily an explanation of hermeneutical study CPEC by analyzing the existing perceptions and perceived prospects. The perceptions and perceived prospects provide an institutional base of forecasting and foresight. CPEC is operating in a larger capitalist system whose sole purpose is (re)production of capital in which superficial fascination of foresight and development are merely commodities for buying and selling. A qualitative approach has been used for analyzing the perceived prospects over CPEC. Pakistan perceives CPEC as the development of industry, infrastructure, and agriculture and a catalyst for economic growth development.

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of NGOs during COVID-19. Covid-19 pandemic was substantially more than a health crisis, it's also a significant financial crisis. Qualitative data was collected in this research through interview guide from administration of NGOs. In this research working of NGOs, challenges confronting to NGOs, nature of coordination of NGOs with different stakeholders, strategies used by the NGO's, response of people regarding the services, how NGO's managing their resources for providing services during COVID-19 pandemic was studied. It was found that NGOs were providing assistance to the patients of the Covid-19 as well as facilitating them in all respect related to treatment of Covid-19.It was recommended that NGOs should have to build up their electronic communication capacity, build up their site and discuss consistently with NGOs individuals.