This paper aims at exploring the mentality of the people which was shaped by the capitalist doctrine and how this mental state led the characters to take reckless and unethical decisions. The Marxist analysis is used to unravel multiple motivations and reasons behind those decisions, so basically, this study owes a debt to Karl Marx's class struggle and identification. The attitudes of the people are observed and looked at carefully through the Marxist lens, and the impact and failure of capitalism are identified. This research is organized on the basis of sharp textual and interpretative analysis of the text All My Sons by Arthur Miller under the umbrella of qualitative research method and the curious quest of the research questions besides the objectives to be explored under the lens of Marxist concepts; Class Conflict, Oppression, Exploitation and Commodification. The paper reveals how class conflict leads to the oppression of the masses.

The current study was carried out on framing the ongoing debate on the inter-relationship which exists between social media and traditional media news coverages. Its particular focus is to analyze how both mediums focus on their topic selection when it comes to prioritizing an issue to be presented at the top. By employing the content analysis technique of the Facebook posts and newspaper articles the study tried to sort out to what extent differences exist in traditional media and social media coverage with respect to the selection of the topic in Pakistan. The researchers used Chi-square tests to weigh up the use of alternative media and the frame selection of social media in the selected timeline. The study concluded that social media and traditional media react differently when covering social issues. Social media showed better interaction patterns on grass root issues whereas traditional media focused more on covering political issues.

The role of social media in academic settings has increased manifold. Both the teachers and the learners inside as well as outside classrooms use social media for different academic purposes. The present study was conducted to research to what extent the use of social media has become a fast way of material development in Pakistani ELT setting. Generally, social media is being used for getting and sharing information through different social media platforms: Facebook, whatsapp, YouTube along with other websites. The question is how social media is being used one of the medium for the development of material for four language skills? The data was collected through two major sources of survey and interviews from both the teachers and the learners. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to reach the results. The findings answered the question that social media can be used as a source of material development in Pakistani ELT settings. This research will open the doors of further explorations in the same domain.

Paulo Coelho’s Eleven Minutes has viewed the Id as subservient to ideology. The study focuses on Karl Marx's concept of Ideology and the Freudian Id. In the novel, a character namely Maria has a strong Id which dominates her ideology. Her act of masturbation and feeling of erotic pleasure shows a lack of repression. She is ruled by carnality as the proletariat is ruled by the bourgeois. The present analysis aims to throw light on all erotic experiences of Maria which reveal that her ideology is subservient to the id. The researcher aims to find out that healthy repression of sexual desires distinguishes humans from animals and that an individual can become productive in society. Healthy repression converts psychic energy into artistic creation. Out of curbing eroticism, the ideology becomes operational. Consequently, culture, religion, morality and creativity are introduced and practised and society becomes balanced.

The term "feudalism" is often used to describe a social order in which land is held by an elite group that is not subservient to a monarchy or government. In return for their service to the king or his kingdom, his subjects are granted land. In the feudal system, the male head of the family (typically a large joint family) is accountable for the maintenance of the home and the land that has been bequeathed to him. It is true that the social structures of feudalisms in Medieval Europe and Medieval India shared some similarities; however, the feudalism that developed in Pakistan (which was a descendant of Indian feudalism) had its own unique roots and characteristics that were shaped by local history (such as the influence and intent of invaders) and culture. According to land reforms
adopted in 1959, each individual's yearly produce from 500 irrigated and 1000 non-irrigated acres was capped at 36,000 index units. This study looks at what happened to feudalism in Pakistan's Southern Punjab between 1969 and 1990, and it offers solutions to the problems that led to its decline.

Social media provide a platform for discussion on various issues that often gets ignored in our day-to-day life. In order to keep ourselves connected with the entire world and remain updated about what all is taking place or happening around us, youth is mostly inclined towards using social media for information. It has been seen utilization of social media is becoming more and more effective to mold opinion and in changing their mind-set of the youth. The usage of social media among youth in Punjab, Pakistan offers ample opportunity for evaluation. To investigate the impact of social media usage on educational learning, social behavior, and political awareness among the youth in Punjab, a research study was carried out. The study employed a survey research design, and data was collected through the use of questionnaires.

The objective of the present study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the SCCS among individuals from various cultural backgrounds. A study was conducted with a sample size of 300 individuals, whose ages ranged from 18 to over 40 years old, and who had attained at least a secondary school education level. A multi-step process was utilized to conduct the study, which aimed to ensure that the current scale is culturally appropriate for the target population. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a significant correlation between the items, as evidenced by the high factor loadings and communalities. These findings suggest that the items share a common variance across all three factors. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that the Urdu- translated version of SCCS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cannabis use in various socio- cultural contexts.

Cosmetic products are very important for women. Nowadays women are very conscious while purchasing their products. Women use a vast variety of cosmetic products, such as soap, shampoo, perfume, skincare or make-up. In Pakistan nowadays many cosmetic product companies advertise their products as a need which eventually appeals to a vast majority of women. Many companies use different social applications for advertisements. The Facebook application was selected as a medium for advertisement. This research study includes an analysis of the exposure to social media advertisements regarding cosmetics and purchasing behaviour of women. Specifically, this investigation is based on this specific objective. The research reveals that women are affected by social media advertisements. The study was anchored on the hierarchy of effect model. The target population comprised women. A simple random sampling technique was used. The survey method was used in the research study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that social media advertisements affected the attitude and beliefs of women.

This study aims to examine how the ethnic-based Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) uses collective action frames on Twitter to define problems, assign blame, convey a plan of action, and inspire participation. Social movement framing theory was the guiding theory of the study. The study employed quantitative content analysis. The analysis of tweets revealed that Pashtun Tahafuz Movement was clear about the issues of the Pashtun community and who was responsible for those issues. However, they have few solutions and remedies to offer that could mitigate those problems. As for motivational framing, the study found Twitter to be a campaigning and information-sharing platform for PTM’s public demonstrations. This study contributes to the social movement literature by highlighting how social media, specifically Twitter, can empower and improve the visibility of the previously excluded community disregarded by the established institutes i.e., legacy media and social institutions.

This article documented the presence of politically motivated hate content in online political discourses and also explored major themes against political opponents in Pakistan. A total of 744 posts were collected from Facebook pages affiliated with two major political parties. The amount indicates the significant amount of politically motivated hate content presented in online political discourses. The data were thematically analyzed from which 3 major themes emerged. The data revealed that political discourses were filed with denigration of opposites through abusive and disgusted language followed by the dehumanization of opposites such as naming and comparing with different animals like dogs, pigs etc. It was also found that character assassination was done by framing opposites as morally and socially characterless, by accusing them as sexually corrupt, drug addictive, and as well homosexual etc. Lastly, the opposites were framed as "anti-state", "traitors" and "foreign agents who have become "threats" to national peace, cohesion and integrity of the state and as well to destabilize the country.