The tourism industry in Pakistan has grown, leading to increased energy consumption and environmental degradation. To address this, green energy solutions are being explored. A study examined the potential, barriers, and benefits of such solutions in the local tourist sector. Survey results showed moderate concern for environmental impact, with some support for green energy. However, respondents were hesitant to pay extra for these services. Correlation analysis indicated relationships between variables, but causation requires further study. Thematic analysis revealed awareness and support for sustainable tourism, but more action is needed. The study recommends prioritizing green energy adoption by businesses and government institutions to mitigate environmental impact and maximize tourism's economic and social benefits.

COVID-19 has drastically affected the business sector all around the globe and its subsequent implications have changed the buying habits of consumers. This comparative inquiry seeks to evaluate the online buying behavior of customers amid different scenarios for developing an empirical idea how different social media platforms influenced the online purchase behavior of customers before and after global pandemic. The population of this study primarily encompasses the social media users. Objective responses are gathered from 100 respondents using online survey questionnaire and data is analyzed using statistical analysis techniques. The results have indicated an increase in the customer shift from physical shopping to the online shopping and also indicated that different social sharing platforms including Instagram and Facebook positively influenced the purchase intention of customers during the times of crisis.

In the current research, a quantitative content analysis of four leading newspapers Dawn, Daily Times, Nawa-i-waqt, and Daily Jang was conducted to investigate the patterns of coverage of women empowerment. The time period for this study consisted of November 2023 to April 2024. The results showed that Urdu newspapers gave more coverage to the issue at hand as compared to English newspapers and Nawa-i-waqt gave the maximum amount of news regarding women empowerment as compared to other newspapers. The outcome of this research revealed that Pakistani Urdu newspapers give suitable coverage to women empowerment-related news, although different newspapers use different agendas to portray news related to women empowerment, such as political empowerment, social empowerment, economic empowerment, and education empowerment. The results showed that more importance was given to political and social empowerment and the common agenda of these four newspapers was social and political empowerment.

This study aimed to study the social exclusion of transgender in Hazara Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The study used qualitative research method in which data was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 respondents in the selected locales. The collected data was thematically analyzed and the results suggest that transgender face social exclusion which further exacerbates the vicious circle of discrimination, harassment, and violence from the broader society. It is concluded from the study that due to complex and debatable nature of the issue and the discriminative behavior of society toward transgender leads towards their sexual victimization, stigma, sexual abuse and violence. It is recommended that that the existing laws and policies regarding physical and sexual violence against transgender may be reassessed and to take concrete policy measures to ensure the mainstreaming of transgender in society.

Gender inequality poses a challenge to the educational participation of teenage-girls in Jhelum Pakistan. This paper seeks to examine the complex factors underpinning and the extensive effects of gender inequalities in education within this area. The present study details various causes of gender inequalities as analyzed from a qualitative content analysis of various works, which include economic factors, social-cultural beliefs and practices; early marriage, lack of awareness, physical facilities, and gender biases. This study finds that all these factors work together to exclude girls from education and maintain poverty and non-advancement of socio-economic status. Finally, the discussion highlights the need to establish various strategies to address gender inequality, such as; community sensitization, increasing the percentage of girls education, finances, establishing safe school structures, and favorable laws on gender. The solution to these recommendations would help Jhelum move towards the right direction for giving teenage-girls equal education opportunities and better community.

The paper explores Lahore's rapid urbanization and its effects on social cohesion and sustainability. Nearly 38% of Pakistan's population lives in cities, urban expansion has led to overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and declining living conditions. This study categorizes Lahore's urban forms based on physical traits like street layout and building density, analyzing their influence on residents' lifestyles and sustainability. The research highlights how Lahore's development has created isolated neighborhoods, reduced social interactions, and weakened social capital. It emphasizes the need for planners to create inclusive, community-driven spaces. By classifying different urban typologies and assessing their spatial, social, and economic characteristics, the study examines their impact on community sustainability. It focuses on the connection between urban planning and social cohesion, offering insights for future urban policies. Ultimately, the research aims to promote a more integrated and sustainable urban environment in Lahore, ensuring better living conditions and stronger community ties.

Education plays a crucial role in social mobility by providing individuals with the tools to access better economic opportunities and improved social status. This paper explores the impact of educational attainment on social mobility, highlighting how it empowers individuals and bridges social classes. Through a literature review, the study establishes a direct link between education and upward mobility, particularly for disadvantaged groups. It examines formal, informal, and lifelong learning and their influence on raising living standards. The research investigates barriers to quality education economic, social, and political and how they perpetuate social inequality. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the study demonstrates that education is a key driver of economic and social transformation. It emphasizes the need to improve educational access, especially in underserved communities, to promote social mobility and overall societal welfare. The paper offers policy recommendations to reduce educational disparities and support lifelong learning for all social groups.